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Journal articles on the topic 'Ecological competition models'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

Kandler, Anne, and James Steele. "Ecological Models of Language Competition." Biological Theory 3, no. 2 (2008): 164–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/biot.2008.3.2.164.

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2

Mealey, Linda. "Evolutionary models of female intrasexual competition." Behavioral and Brain Sciences 22, no. 2 (1999): 234. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x99451817.

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Female competition generally takes nonviolent form, but includes intense verbal and nonverbal harassment that has profound social and physiological consequences. The evolutionary ecological model of competitive reproductive suppression in human females, might profitably be applied to explain a range of contemporary phenomena, including anorexia.

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3

Jensen, A. L. "Simple models for exploitative and interference competition." Ecological Modelling 35, no. 1-2 (1987): 113–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0304-3800(87)90093-7.

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4

Il’ichev, Vitaly G. "Analysis of competition models in periodic medium." Ecological Modelling 216, no. 2 (2008): 188–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2008.03.007.

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5

Haefner, James W., Geoffrey C. Poole, Patrick V. Dunn, and Richard T. Decker. "Edge effects in computer models of spatial competition." Ecological Modelling 56 (January 1991): 221–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0304-3800(91)90201-b.

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6

van der Hoff, Quay, Johanna C. Greeff, and Temple H. Fay. "Defining a stability boundary for three species competition models." Ecological Modelling 220, no. 20 (2009): 2640–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2009.07.027.

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7

Good, Benjamin H., Stephen Martis, and Oskar Hallatschek. "Adaptation limits ecological diversification and promotes ecological tinkering during the competition for substitutable resources." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 115, no. 44 (2018): E10407—E10416. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1807530115.

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Microbial communities can evade competitive exclusion by diversifying into distinct ecological niches. This spontaneous diversification often occurs amid a backdrop of directional selection on other microbial traits, where competitive exclusion would normally apply. Yet despite their empirical relevance, little is known about how diversification and directional selection combine to determine the ecological and evolutionary dynamics within a community. To address this gap, we introduce a simple, empirically motivated model of eco-evolutionary feedback based on the competition for substitutable

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Griffiths, Jason I., Dylan Z. Childs, Ronald D. Bassar, Tim Coulson, David N. Reznick, and Mark Rees. "Individual differences determine the strength of ecological interactions." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 117, no. 29 (2020): 17068–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2000635117.

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Biotic interactions are central to both ecological and evolutionary dynamics. In the vast majority of empirical studies, the strength of intraspecific interactions is estimated by using simple measures of population size. Biologists have long known that these are crude metrics, with experiments and theory suggesting that interactions between individuals should depend on traits, such as body size. Despite this, it has been difficult to estimate the impact of traits on competitive ability from ecological field data, and this explains why the strength of biotic interactions has empirically been t

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Lobry, Claude, Frédéric Mazenc, and Alain Rapaport. "Persistence in ecological models of competition for a single resource." Comptes Rendus Mathematique 340, no. 3 (2005): 199–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.crma.2004.12.021.

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10

Larsen, Lawrence C., and William A. Williams. "Fitting De Wit competition models with general nonlinear regression programs." Ecological Modelling 41, no. 1-2 (1988): 147–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0304-3800(88)90051-8.

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11

Ursell, Tristan. "Structured environments foster competitor coexistence by manipulating interspecies interfaces." PLOS Computational Biology 17, no. 1 (2021): e1007762. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1007762.

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Natural environments, like soils or the mammalian gut, frequently contain microbial consortia competing within a niche, wherein many species contain genetically encoded mechanisms of interspecies competition. Recent computational work suggests that physical structures in the environment can stabilize local competition between species that would otherwise be subject to competitive exclusion under isotropic conditions. Here we employ Lotka-Volterra models to show that interfacial competition localizes to physical structures, stabilizing competitive ecological networks of many species, even with

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Ursell, Tristan. "Structured environments foster competitor coexistence by manipulating interspecies interfaces." PLOS Computational Biology 17, no. 1 (2021): e1007762. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1007762.

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Natural environments, like soils or the mammalian gut, frequently contain microbial consortia competing within a niche, wherein many species contain genetically encoded mechanisms of interspecies competition. Recent computational work suggests that physical structures in the environment can stabilize local competition between species that would otherwise be subject to competitive exclusion under isotropic conditions. Here we employ Lotka-Volterra models to show that interfacial competition localizes to physical structures, stabilizing competitive ecological networks of many species, even with

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13

Bravo de la Parra, R., M. Marvá, E. Sánchez, and L. Sanz. "Discrete Models of Disease and Competition." Discrete Dynamics in Nature and Society 2017 (2017): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/5310837.

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The aim of this work is to analyze the influence of the fast development of a disease on competition dynamics. To this end we present two discrete time ecoepidemic models. The first one corresponds to the case of one parasite affecting demography and intraspecific competition in a single host, whereas the second one contemplates the more complex case of competition between two different species, one of which is infected by the parasite. We carry out a complete mathematical analysis of the asymptotic behavior of the solutions of the corresponding systems of difference equations and derive inter

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14

Cale, W. G., and R. V. O'Neill. "Aggregation and consistency problems in theoretical models of exploitative resource competition." Ecological Modelling 40, no. 2 (1988): 97–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0304-3800(88)90105-6.

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15

UPADHYAY, RANJIT KUMAR. "OBSERVABILITY OF CHAOS AND CYCLES IN ECOLOGICAL SYSTEMS: LESSONS FROM PREDATOR–PREY MODELS." International Journal of Bifurcation and Chaos 19, no. 10 (2009): 3169–234. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218127409024748.

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We examine and assess deterministic chaos as an observable. First, we present the development of model ecological systems. We illustrate how to apply the Kolmogorov theorem to obtain limits on the parameters in the system, which assure the existence of either stable equilibrium point or stable limit cycle behavior in the phase space of two-dimensional (2D) dynamical systems. We also illustrate the method of deriving conditions using the linear stability analysis. We apply these procedures on some basic existing model ecological systems. Then, we propose four model ecological systems to study t

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16

Phillips, P. D., I. S. Thompson, J. N. M. Silva, P. R. van Gardingen, and B. Degen. "Scaling up models of tree competition for tropical forest population genetics simulation." Ecological Modelling 180, no. 2-3 (2004): 419–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2004.04.029.

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17

Hernández, Mariano Agustín, Juan Adolfo López, and Eduardo Pablo Cappa. "Improving Genetic Analysis of Corymbia citriodora subsp. variegata with Single- and Multiple-Trait Spatial-Competition Models." Forest Science 65, no. 5 (2019): 570–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/forsci/fxz020.

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Abstract Environmental heterogeneity and/or genetic and environmental competition were quantified on two growth traits, diameter at breast height and total height, and wood density in a progeny trial of Corymbia citriodora subsp. variegata. Three single-trait mixed models with random spatial and/or competition effects were compared to a standard analysis by analyzing fit, dispersion parameters, accuracy of breeding values, genetic gains, and ranking of trees. In addition, a multiple-trait spatial-competition model was fitted to estimate correlations among direct and indirect additive genetic e

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18

Paton, Robert S., and Michael B. Bonsall. "The ecological and epidemiological consequences of reproductive interference between the vectors Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus." Journal of The Royal Society Interface 16, no. 156 (2019): 20190270. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2019.0270.

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Vector ecology is integral to understanding the transmission of vector-borne diseases, with processes such as reproduction and competition pivotal in determining vector presence and abundance. The arbovirus vectors Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus compete as larvae, but this mechanism is insufficient to explain patterns of coexistence and exclusion. Inviable interspecies matings—known as reproductive interference—is another candidate mechanism. Here, we analyse mathematical models of mosquito population dynamics and epidemiology which include two Aedes -specific features of reproductive inte

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19

Kropff, M. J., and L. A. P. Lotz. "Optimization of Weed Management Systems: The Role of Ecological Models of Interplant Competition." Weed Technology 6, no. 2 (1992): 462–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0890037x00035065.

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The strategy to optimize weed management systems with a minimum use of herbicides includes both the adaptation of crop management practices and well designed decision making systems, based on postemergence observations of weed infestations. Both strategies require thorough quantitative insight into the crop weed ecosystem, which can be provided by systems analysis, using process based models. These models also can be applied to similar systems like intercropping. For practical application, however, a simple measure of weed infestation and a simple model which relates weed infestation to yield

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20

Vandermeer, John. "Coupled Oscillations in Food Webs: Balancing Competition and Mutualism in Simple Ecological Models." American Naturalist 163, no. 6 (2004): 857–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/420776.

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21

Martínez-García, Ricardo, Justin M. Calabrese, Emilio Hernández-García, and Cristóbal López. "Minimal mechanisms for vegetation patterns in semiarid regions." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 372, no. 2027 (2014): 20140068. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2014.0068.

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The minimal ecological requirements for the fomation of regular vegetation patterns in semiarid systems have been recently questioned. Against the general belief that a combination of facilitative and competitive interactions is necessary, recent theoretical studies suggest that, under broad conditions, non-local competition among plants alone may induce patterns. In this paper, we review results along this line, presenting a series of models that yield spatial patterns when finite-range competition is the only driving force. A preliminary derivation of this type of model from a more detailed

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22

Martin, Benjamin T., Stephan B. Munch, and Andrew M. Hein. "Reverse-engineering ecological theory from data." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 285, no. 1878 (2018): 20180422. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2018.0422.

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Ecologists have long sought to understand the dynamics of populations and communities by deriving mathematical theory from first principles. Theoretical models often take the form of dynamical equations that comprise the ecological processes (e.g. competition, predation) believed to govern system dynamics. The inverse of this approach—inferring which processes and ecological interactions drive observed dynamics—remains an open problem in ecology. Here, we propose a way to attack this problem using a machine learning method known as symbolic regression, which seeks to discover relationships in

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23

Pontarp, Mikael, and Owen L. Petchey. "Community trait overdispersion due to trophic interactions: concerns for assembly process inference." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 283, no. 1840 (2016): 20161729. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2016.1729.

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The expected link between competitive exclusion and community trait overdispersion has been used to infer competition in local communities, and trait clustering has been interpreted as habitat filtering. Such community assembly process inference has received criticism for ignoring trophic interactions, as competition and trophic interactions might create similar trait patterns. While other theoretical studies have generally demonstrated the importance of predation for coexistence, ours provides the first quantitative demonstration of such effects on assembly process inference, using a trait-ba

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24

Damgaard, Christian. "Integrating Hierarchical Statistical Models and Machine-Learning Algorithms for Ground-Truthing Drone Images of the Vegetation: Taxonomy, Abundance and Population Ecological Models." Remote Sensing 13, no. 6 (2021): 1161. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs13061161.

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In order to fit population ecological models, e.g., plant competition models, to new drone-aided image data, we need to develop statistical models that may take the new type of measurement uncertainty when applying machine-learning algorithms into account and quantify its importance for statistical inferences and ecological predictions. Here, it is proposed to quantify the uncertainty and bias of image predicted plant taxonomy and abundance in a hierarchical statistical model that is linked to ground-truth data obtained by the pin-point method. It is critical that the error rate in the species

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25

Sieber, Michael, Horst Malchow, and Frank M. Hilker. "Disease-induced modification of prey competition in eco-epidemiological models." Ecological Complexity 18 (June 2014): 74–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecocom.2013.06.002.

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26

Bausman, William. "The Aims and Structures of Ecological Research Programs." Philosophical Topics 47, no. 1 (2019): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/philtopics20194711.

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Neutral Theory is controversial in ecology. Ecologists and philosophers have diagnosed the source of the controversy as: its false assumption that individuals in different species within the same trophic level are ecologically equivalent, its conflict with Competition Theory and the adaptation of species, its role as a null hypothesis, and as a Lakatosian research programme. In this paper, I show why we should instead understand the conflict at the level of research programs which involve more than theory. The Neutralist and Competitionist research programs borrow and construct theories, model

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27

Fabre, Virginie, Silvana Condemi, Anna Degioanni, and Estelle Herrscher. "Neanderthals versus Modern Humans: Evidence for Resource Competition from Isotopic Modelling." International Journal of Evolutionary Biology 2011 (September 15, 2011): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4061/2011/689315.

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During later MOIS3, in Europe two populations were present, autochthonous Neanderthals and modern humans. Ecological competition between these two populations has often been evoked but never demonstrated. Our aim is to establish whether resource competition occurred. In this paper, in order to examine the possibility of ecological competition between these two populations, 599 isotopic data were subjected to rigorous statistical treatment and analysis through mixing models. The aim of this paper was to compare dietary strategies of Neanderthals and modern humans over time. Our conclusions sugg

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28

Solé, Ricard V., Bernat Corominas-Murtra, and Jordi Fortuny. "Diversity, competition, extinction: the ecophysics of language change." Journal of The Royal Society Interface 7, no. 53 (2010): 1647–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2010.0110.

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As indicated early by Charles Darwin, languages behave and change very much like living species. They display high diversity, differentiate in space and time, emerge and disappear. A large body of literature has explored the role of information exchanges and communicative constraints in groups of agents under selective scenarios. These models have been very helpful in providing a rationale on how complex forms of communication emerge under evolutionary pressures. However, other patterns of large-scale organization can be described using mathematical methods ignoring communicative traits. These

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Biedma, Luis, Javier Calzada, José A. Godoy, and Jacinto Román. "Local habitat specialization as an evolutionary response to interspecific competition between two sympatric shrews." Journal of Mammalogy 101, no. 1 (2019): 80–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jmammal/gyz203.

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Abstract Interspecific competition affects population dynamics, distributional ranges, and evolution of competing species. The competitive exclusion principle states that ecologically similar species cannot coexist unless they exhibit niche segregation. Herein, we assess whether niche segregation allows the coexistence of Crocidura russula and C. suaveolens in southwestern Iberia and whether segregation is the result of current (ecological effect) or past (evolutionary effect) competition. We performed an annual live-trapping cycle in the two main habitats of the Odiel Marshes Natural Reserve

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Fern, Rachel R., Michael L. Morrison, Hsiao-Hsuan Wang, William E. Grant, and Tyler A. Campbell. "Incorporating biotic relationships improves species distribution models: Modeling the temporal influence of competition in conspecific nesting birds." Ecological Modelling 408 (September 2019): 108743. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2019.108743.

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Germain, Rachel M., Margaret M. Mayfield, and Benjamin Gilbert. "The ‘filtering’ metaphor revisited: competition and environment jointly structure invasibility and coexistence." Biology Letters 14, no. 8 (2018): 20180460. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2018.0460.

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‘Filtering’, or the reduction in species diversity that occurs because not all species can persist in all locations, is thought to unfold hierarchically, controlled by the environment at large scales and competition at small scales. However, the ecological effects of competition and the environment are not independent, and observational approaches preclude investigation into their interplay. We use a demographic approach with 30 plant species to experimentally test: (i) the effect of competition on species persistence in two soil moisture environments, and (ii) the effect of environmental cond

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Pretzsch, Hans, and Peter Biber. "Size-symmetric versus size-asymmetric competition and growth partitioning among trees in forest stands along an ecological gradient in central Europe." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 40, no. 2 (2010): 370–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x09-195.

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Current individual tree growth models rarely consider the mode of tree competition, which can be size-asymmetric when growth is limited by light or size-symmetric when belowground resources are scarce. Even with the same competition index, growth reactions may vary considerably due to a prevailing resource limitation, as the dominant trees in a stand benefit disproportionately more on light-limited sites. To scrutinize and model the relationship between mode of competition and site conditions, 34 long-term experiments with 120 plots dating back to 1871 were used. The data cover the dominating

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Clayton, Sophie, Stephanie Dutkiewicz, Oliver Jahn, Christopher Hill, Patrick Heimbach, and Michael J. Follows. "Biogeochemical versus ecological consequences of modeled ocean physics." Biogeosciences 14, no. 11 (2017): 2877–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-2877-2017.

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Abstract. We present a systematic study of the differences generated by coupling the same ecological–biogeochemical model to a 1°, coarse-resolution, and 1∕6°, eddy-permitting, global ocean circulation model to (a) biogeochemistry (e.g., primary production) and (b) phytoplankton community structure. Surprisingly, we find that the modeled phytoplankton community is largely unchanged, with the same phenotypes dominating in both cases. Conversely, there are large regional and seasonal variations in primary production, phytoplankton and zooplankton biomass. In the subtropics, mixed layer depths (M

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Ferguson, Jake M., Mark L. Taper, Christopher S. Guy, and John M. Syslo. "Mechanisms of coexistence between native bull trout (Salvelinus confluentus) and non-native lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush): inferences from pattern-oriented modeling." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 69, no. 4 (2012): 755–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f2011-177.

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Determining the ecological mechanisms that control population abundances is an important issue for the conservation of endangered and threatened species. We examined whether a threatened bull trout ( Salvelinus confluentus ) population could coexist at observed levels with the ecologically similar introduced species, lake trout ( Salvelinus namaycush ), using a pattern-oriented analysis of population dynamics models. We used a large suite of stage- and age-structured models to examine how both competitive and predatory interactions, combined with differing life-history strategies and species v

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Verhoeven, Michael R., Wesley J. Glisson, and Daniel J. Larkin. "Niche Models Differentiate Potential Impacts of Two Aquatic Invasive Plant Species on Native Macrophytes." Diversity 12, no. 4 (2020): 162. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/d12040162.

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Potamogeton crispus (curlyleaf pondweed) and Myriophyllum spicatum (Eurasian watermilfoil) are widely thought to competitively displace native macrophytes in North America. However, their perceived competitive superiority has not been comprehensively evaluated. Coexistence theory suggests that invader displacement of native species through competitive exclusion is most likely where high niche overlap results in competition for limiting resources. Thus, evaluation of niche similarity can serve as a starting point for predicting the likelihood of invaders having direct competitive impacts on res

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Svanbäck, Richard, and Daniel I. Bolnick. "Intraspecific competition drives increased resource use diversity within a natural population." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 274, no. 1611 (2006): 839–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2006.0198.

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Resource competition is thought to play a major role in driving evolutionary diversification. For instance, in ecological character displacement, coexisting species evolve to use different resources, reducing the effects of interspecific competition. It is thought that a similar diversifying effect might occur in response to competition among members of a single species. Individuals may mitigate the effects of intraspecific competition by switching to use alternative resources not used by conspecific competitors. This diversification is the driving force in some models of sympatric speciation,

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Silva, IA, and MA Batalha. "Phylogenetic overdispersion of plant species in southern Brazilian savannas." Brazilian Journal of Biology 69, no. 3 (2009): 843–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1519-69842009000400011.

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Ecological communities are the result of not only present ecological processes, such as competition among species and environmental filtering, but also past and continuing evolutionary processes. Based on these assumptions, we may infer mechanisms of contemporary coexistence from the phylogenetic relationships of the species in a community. We studied the phylogenetic structure of plant communities in four cerrado sites, in southeastern Brazil. We calculated two raw phylogenetic distances among the species sampled. We estimated the phylogenetic structure by comparing the observed phylogenetic

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38

Feyerlein, Daniel. "Intensify Business Performances of Multinationals: An Introduction to Five Strategic Elements within Performance Management." International Journal of Business and Management 12, no. 5 (2017): 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijbm.v12n5p17.

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The unknown future of global change, the increasing influence of growing and altered market conditions – these critical issues require companies around the globe that operate internationally to progressively adapt and optimize their strategies. In particular, regarding future competition conditions, strengthening competitiveness is gaining more importance. Companies are being challenged to define their business models and strategies in accordance with global requirements in order to compete successfully.Particularly in times of inconsistency, suggestions for performance improvement can provide

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Hülsmann, Lisa, Harald Bugmann, and Peter Brang. "How to predict tree death from inventory data — lessons from a systematic assessment of European tree mortality models." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 47, no. 7 (2017): 890–900. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjfr-2016-0224.

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The future development of forest ecosystems depends critically on tree mortality. However, the suitability of empirical mortality algorithms for extrapolation in space or time remains untested. We systematically analyzed the performance of 46 inventory-based mortality models available from the literature using nearly 80 000 independent records from 54 strict forest reserves in Germany and Switzerland covering 11 species. Mortality rates were predicted with higher accuracy if covariates for tree growth and (or) competition at the individual level were included and if models were applied within

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Wilson, Alan G. "Ecological and Urban Systems Models: Some Explorations of Similarities in the Context of Complexity Theory." Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space 38, no. 4 (2006): 633–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/a37102.

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There are similarities of form between urban system models and models of ecosystems. These are systematically explored and a general model formulation which embraces both kinds of model is presented. Some insights are gained by using ideas from ecosystem modelling in urban modelling. The biggest gains, however, are for ecosystem modelling. It is demonstrated that urban techniques can be used for incorporating spatial competition effects into such models in novel ways, and that the complex dynamics can then be effectively interpreted. Urban systems have contributed significantly to complexity t

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González Barrios, Pablo, Alejandra Borges, José Terra, Mario Pérez Bidegain, and Lucía Gutiérrez. "Spatio-Temporal Modeling and Competition Dynamics in Forest Tillage Experiments on Early Growth of Eucalyptus grandis L." Forest Science 66, no. 5 (2020): 526–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/forsci/fxaa007.

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Abstract Forest tillage experiments regularly use long-term evaluations of large plots creating temporal and/or spatial correlations among observations. Not modeling these correlations could compromise treatment comparisons. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of modeling spatio-temporal (ST) variability in forest tillage experiments. We used different strategies that incorporate spatial and/or temporal correlations in the evaluation of tillage intensity effect in initial Eucalyptus growth as well as evaluate the effect of intraplot mortality and competition dynamics. Three tillag

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Izhar, Rony, Jarkko Routtu, and Frida Ben-Ami. "Host age modulates within-host parasite competition." Biology Letters 11, no. 5 (2015): 20150131. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2015.0131.

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In many host populations, one of the most striking differences among hosts is their age. While parasite prevalence differences in relation to host age are well known, little is known on how host age impacts ecological and evolutionary dynamics of diseases. Using two clones of the water flea Daphnia magna and two clones of its bacterial parasite Pasteuria ramosa , we examined how host age at exposure influences within-host parasite competition and virulence. We found that multiply-exposed hosts were more susceptible to infection and suffered higher mortality than singly-exposed hosts. Hosts old

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Izar, Patrícia. "Female Social Relationships of Cebus apella nigritus in a Southeastern Atlantic Forest: An Analysis Through Ecological Models of Primate Social Evolution." Behaviour 141, no. 1 (2004): 71–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156853904772746619.

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AbstractTheoretical models about female relationships within primate social groups hypothesise that food abundance and distribution are important factors determining the variation of patterns observed among species and populations. Despite some common premises, models formulated by van Schaik (1989) and Sterck et al. (1997) and by Isbell (1991) differ with respect to the importance of predation risk, the co-variation of contest and scramble competition and causes of female dispersal. In this study, data from a population of Cebus apella nigritus from Brazilian Atlantic Forest are analysed usin

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Zhang, Zizhen, Ranjit Kumar Upadhyay, Rashmi Agrawal, and Jyotiska Datta. "The Gestation Delay: A Factor Causing Complex Dynamics in Gause-Type Competition Models." Complexity 2018 (November 7, 2018): 1–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/1589310.

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In this paper, we consider a Gause-type model system consisting of two prey and one predator. Gestation period is considered as the time delay for the conversion of both the prey and predator. Bobcats and their primary prey rabbits and squirrels, found in North America and southern Canada, are taken as an example of an ecological system. It has been observed that there are stability switches and the system becomes unstable due to the effect of time delay. Positive invariance, boundedness, and local stability analysis are studied for the model system. Conditions under which both delayed and non

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Montana, Luca, François Rousseu, Dany Garant, and Marco Festa-Bianchet. "Siring success in kangaroos: size matters for those in the right place at the right time." Behavioral Ecology 31, no. 3 (2020): 750–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/beheco/araa020.

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Abstract In polygynous species, male reproductive success is predicted to be monopolized by a few dominant males. This prediction is often not supported, suggesting that ecological and alternative mating tactics influence siring success. The spatiotemporal distribution of individuals and the number of males competing for each receptive female are often overlooked because they are difficult to monitor in wild animals. We examined how spatial overlap of female–male pairs, the time spent by a male on the breeding site, number of competitors, and morphological traits influence siring probability i

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Cohen, Dan. "Conceptual models of the processes and patterns of the ecological, evolutionary and bio-geographical consequences of global climate changes." Israel Journal of Ecology and Evolution 59, no. 4 (2013): 201–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15659801.2013.929276.

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A unifying conceptual model is constructed for the major effects of alternating periods of global warming and cooling and sea-level changes on the geographical distributions and the ecological and genetic characteristics of species and ecological communities. The main results found are: The species in the interior of continuous global latitude and altitude temperature gradients are expected to follow the moving temperature zones without any major extinctions or any major changes in their physiological and ecological characteristics and adaptive roles during both global warming and global cooli

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González-Olivares, Eduardo, Javier Cabrera-Villegas, Fernando Córdova-Lepe, and Alejandro Rojas-Palma. "Competition among Predators and Allee Effect on Prey, Their Influence on a Gause-Type Predation Model." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2019 (March 21, 2019): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/3967408.

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Interference or competition among predators (CAP) has often been ruled out in depredation models, although there are varied mathematical forms to describe and incorporate it into this interaction. In this work, we present the most known of these descriptions and one of them will be used in a modified Volterra model. Moreover, of this ecological phenomenon, a simple and strong Allee effect affecting the prey population will be considered in the relationship. An important feature of the new model is to have until two positive equilibrium points, to the difference with the Volterra model (without

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Griswold, Cortland K. "Epistasis can accelerate adaptive diversification in haploid asexual populations." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 282, no. 1802 (2015): 20142648. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2014.2648.

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A fundamental goal of the biological sciences is to determine processes that facilitate the evolution of diversity. These processes can be separated into ecological, physiological, developmental and genetic. An ecological process that facilitates diversification is frequency-dependent selection caused by competition. Models of frequency-dependent adaptive diversification have generally assumed a genetic basis of phenotype that is non-epistatic. Here, we present a model that indicates diversification is accelerated by an epistatic basis of phenotype in combination with a competition model that

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Simões, Marianna V. P., and A. Townsend Peterson. "Importance of biotic predictors in estimation of potential invasive areas: the example of the tortoise beetleEurypedus nigrosignatus, in Hispaniola." PeerJ 6 (December 5, 2018): e6052. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.6052.

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Climatic variables have been the main predictors employed in ecological niche modeling and species distribution modeling, although biotic interactions are known to affect species’ spatial distributions via mechanisms such as predation, competition, and mutualism. Biotic interactions can affect species’ responses to abiotic environmental changes differently along environmental gradients, and abiotic environmental changes can likewise influence the nature of biotic interactions. Understanding whether and how to integrate variables at different scales in ecological niche models is essential to be

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De los Ríos Escalante, Patricio. "Null models for understanding fairy shrimp habitats." Animal Biology 67, no. 3-4 (2017): 331–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15707563-00002532.

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The Chilean fairy shrimp species are represented by the Branchinecta genus, which are poorly described, and mainly occur in shallow ephemeral pools in the Atacama Desert of northern Chile and the Southern Chilean Patagonian plains. The aim of the present study was to perform an initial ecological characterization of Branchinecta habitats and its associated communities in the Chilean Southern Patagonian plains (45-53°S) using null models (co-occurrence, niche sharing and size overlap). The results of the co-occurrence analysis revealed that the species’ associations are structured, meaning that

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