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Journal articles on the topic 'Ecological cost'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 1 April 2023

Last updated: 25 July 2025

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1

Kimball, Sarah, Megan Lulow, Quinn Sorenson, et al. "Cost-effective ecological restoration." Restoration Ecology 23, no. 6 (2015): 800–810. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/rec.12261.

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Glory, Tony Effiong, and Ochi Inyang Inyang. "Ecological activities costs and line of work cost-effectiveness: The current trend in Nigeria." World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews 15, no. 1 (2022): 466–75. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7745065.

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The study investigated the cost effects of ecological activities as they affect corporate cost-effectiveness of establishments. It highlighted on influence valuation of cost consequences on the managerial challenges and prospects towards enrichment of the cost-effectiveness of Nigerian oil trades.  Facts for the study were collected by the use of a well-developed instrument and extraction from the commercial accounts, and these facts were analyzed using the ordinary least square method.  The results discovered that there is positive relationship between organizational cost-effectiven

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3

"Cost Effectiveness of Ecological Restoration Demonstrated." Ecologia 1, no. 1 (2010): 73. http://dx.doi.org/10.3923/ecologia.2011.73.73.

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4

Cornelia, Piciu Gabriela. "True Cost Economics: Ecological Footprint." Procedia Economics and Finance 8 (2014): 550–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s2212-5671(14)00127-0.

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5

Doncaster, C. Patrick, Graeme E. Pound, and Simon J. Cox. "The ecological cost of sex." Nature 404, no. 6775 (2000): 281–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/35005078.

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6

Marra, Peter P. "The ecological cost of pets." Current Biology 29, no. 19 (2019): R955—R956. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2019.06.067.

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7

Wang, Ziyao, Feng Li, Donglin Xie, et al. "Ecological Restoration and Zonal Management of Degraded Grassland Based on Cost–Benefit Analysis: A Case Study in Qinghai, China." Sustainability 16, no. 24 (2024): 11123. https://doi.org/10.3390/su162411123.

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The Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau (QTP) has the largest area of natural grassland in China, and continuous grassland degradation poses a serious threat to regional ecological security and sustainable resource management. It is essential to comprehensively evaluate the cost–benefit differences and drivers of grassland degradation across various zones to enhance sustainable management practices. This study presents a zonal management framework for the ecological restoration of degraded grasslands based on cost–benefit analysis, specifically applied to Qinghai in the Northeastern QTP. The results indic

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8

Doncaster, C. Patrick, Graeme E. Pound, and Simon J. Cox. "Erratum: The ecological cost of sex." Nature 405, no. 6784 (2000): 376. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/35012667.

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Kosmela, Paulina, Lukasz Zedler, Krzysztof Formela, Jozef Haponiuk, and Lukasz Piszczyk. "Recent Developments in Polyurethane Foams Containing Low-Cost and Pro-Ecological Modifiers." Chemistry & Chemical Technology 10, no. 4s (2016): 571–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.23939/chcht10.04si.571.

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Diversity of the polyurethane (PU) foams applications cause that investigation of the relationships between their structure and properties is currently very popular topic among the many research institutions and companies. At the turn of the last years many scientific papers about PU foams and their composites were published. The one of the main trends in research in this field is related to the reduction of production costs of PU foams. This aim can be successfully achieved through the incorporation of raw materials of natural origin or the utilization of waste materials. This work reviews th

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Wang, Yubo, and Xizhu Yang. "Fiscal Ecological Cost of Land in China: Estimation and Regional Differences." Land 11, no. 8 (2022): 1221. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land11081221.

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This study explains the fiscal ecological costs of land in China by dividing them into three periods: early ecological cost refers to loss of ecosystem service value after the conversion of agricultural land, mid-term ecological cost refers to land development in urban built-up areas, and later ecological cost refers to the investment cost of increasing the fiscal ecological service function of the land. Using data for 31 Chinese provinces from 2003 to 2017, we perform a “link between groups” cluster analysis with SPSS 22.0 statistical software. Squared Euclidean distance is used to analyze la

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11

Caughlan, L. "Cost considerations for long-term ecological monitoring." Ecological Indicators 1, no. 2 (2001): 123–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1470-160x(01)00015-2.

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12

Daschner, F. "Unnecessary and ecological cost of hospital infection." Journal of Hospital Infection 18 (June 1991): 73–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0195-6701(91)90006-t.

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13

Adamowicz, Wiktor, Laura Calderon-Etter, Alicia Entem, et al. "Assessing ecological infrastructure investments." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 116, no. 12 (2019): 5254–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1802883116.

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Conventional markets can underprovide ecosystem services. Deliberate creation of a market for ecosystem services [e.g., a payments for ecosystem services (PES) scheme] can close the gap. The new ecosystem service market alters behaviors and quantities of ecosystem service provided and reveals prices for the ecosystems service: a market-clearing equilibrium. Assessing the potential for PES programs, which often act as ecological infrastructure investment mechanisms, requires forecasting the market-clearing equilibrium. Forecasting the equilibrium is complicated, especially at relevant social an

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14

Glory Tony Effiong and Inyang Ochi Inyang. "Ecological activities costs and line of work cost-effectiveness: The current trend in Nigeria." World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews 15, no. 1 (2022): 466–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/wjarr.2022.15.1.0732.

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The study investigated the cost effects of ecological activities as they affect corporate cost-effectiveness of establishments. It highlighted on influence valuation of cost consequences on the managerial challenges and prospects towards enrichment of the cost-effectiveness of Nigerian oil trades. Facts for the study were collected by the use of a well-developed instrument and extraction from the commercial accounts, and these facts were analyzed using the ordinary least square method. The results discovered that there is positive relationship between organizational cost-effectiveness and majo

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15

Liu, Feng, and Jun Min Wang. "Research on Project Cost Management Model of Ecological Construction." Key Engineering Materials 480-481 (June 2011): 1197–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.480-481.1197.

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In recent years, in order to reduce building energy consumption in China, and vigorously promote the development of ecological construction, the paper studies disadvantages of the cost of traditional project management applications in the ecological construction projects, exploring specific cost management adapt to the ecological construction project.

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16

Kurshin, Dmitiy A., Asiyat M. Abdullaeva, Irina V. Medvedeva, and Natalya D. Ryabukhina. "USAGE BIO-SOLUTION «REMEDION» FOR COMPLEX BIOREMEDIATION OF CASCADE BIO-PONDS POST-TREATMENT OF TREATMENT FACILITIES." Problems of veterinary sanitation, hygiene and ecology 1, no. 45 (2023): 77–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.36871/vet.san.hyg.ecol.202301011.

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This article is devoted to study of methodology of usage bio-solution «Remedion» for complex treatment of cascade bio-ponds post-treatment of central drainage systems treatment facilities. The justification of necessity of ecological treatment changes by the implementation of new technology of bioremediation is given. Usage of “Remedion” is ecologically efficient, cost-effective and has a practical value for providing the ecological safety and environmental protection.

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17

Greene, Austin, Zac Forsman, Robert J. Toonen, and Megan J. Donahue. "CoralCam: A flexible, low-cost ecological monitoring platform." HardwareX 7 (April 2020): e00089. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ohx.2019.e00089.

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18

Little, L. R., and R. Q. Grafton. "Environmental offsets, resilience and cost-effective conservation." Royal Society Open Science 2, no. 7 (2015): 140521. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.140521.

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Conservation management agencies are faced with acute trade-offs when dealing with disturbance from human activities. We show how agencies can respond to permanent ecosystem disruption by managing for Pimm resilience within a conservation budget using a model calibrated to a metapopulation of a coral reef fish species at Ningaloo Reef, Western Australia. The application is of general interest because it provides a method to manage species susceptible to negative environmental disturbances by optimizing between the number and quality of migration connections in a spatially distributed metapopul

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19

Huang, Yingli, Guoyi Lou, and Jiabin Yao. "Research on the Profit Contribution of Forest Ecological Benefits Based on Policy and Market-Tools Compensation Projects in Nanping." Sustainability 15, no. 6 (2023): 5465. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15065465.

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Measuring the profit contribution of ecological benefits is an important prerequisite for the operation of the value-realization mechanism of ecological products. Based on the theory of ecological benefits and ecosystem services, combined with system dynamics and the project cost-benefit method, a forest-ecosystem-service capitalization of the resources and assets value and the realization of an ecological product-benefit system is constructed. The value-realization project of the national reserve-forest ecological products in Nan-ping City, Fujian Province, the National Ecological Civilizatio

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20

Zhang, Jie, Ji Gan Wang, and Yan Ping Chen. "The Real Option Model of Opportunity Cost in River Basin Ecological Compensation." Advanced Materials Research 518-523 (May 2012): 261–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.518-523.261.

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One of the key issues of river basin ecological compensation is the compensation standard. The opportunity cost has the character of uncertainty. The character of opportunity cost in river basin ecological compensation standard was studied on base of economics theory. The current opportunity cost accounting method didn’t consider the uncertainty of opportunity cost. The real option model of opportunity cost in river basin ecological compensation was set up based on the binomial expression real-option model. The Xin 'an river basin was applied for the model and tested the feasibility of the rea

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21

Zhao, Hongyu, Dongliang Zhao, Xue Jiang, Shiyu Zhang, and Zhanlue Lin. "Assessment of Urban Forest Ecological Benefit Based on the i-Tree Eco Model—A Case Study of Changchun Central City." Forests 14, no. 7 (2023): 1304. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f14071304.

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Urban forests are one of the most ecologically significant systems in urban ecosystems. To make the layout and input–output ratio of urban forests more economically rational for sustainable strategic planning, it is necessary to assess the ecological benefits and ecosystem services of urban forests according to the local geographical characteristics of different cities and analyse their cost–benefit relationships. In this study, the i-Tree Eco model was used to assess the ecological benefits of urban forests in terms of four aspects: carbon sequestration and oxygen release, energy saving, rain

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22

Alecsandru-Valentin GHIORGHIU, Liliana BĂDULESCU, Gabriela BUTNARIU, Lenuța CHIRA, Maria ADOCHITEI, and Ligia ION. "Research on the economic efficiency of organic farming versus traditional farming." World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews 23, no. 2 (2024): 1907–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/wjarr.2024.23.2.2516.

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The method of organic farming is becoming more and more popular. All farmers are still concerned about finding workable ways to cut back on the number of treatments and minimize the usage of pesticides. The effort aims to establish a technical technique for producing some horticultural species that satisfies ecological agriculture requirements, as well as to explore some aspects of biological control to limit the spread of some diseases and pests in some horticultural species. The goal of this research is to investigate some aspects of biological control in order to prevent the development of

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23

Alecsandru-Valentin, GHIORGHIU, BĂDULESCU Liliana, BUTNARIU Gabriela, CHIRA Lenuța, ADOCHITEI Maria, and ION Ligia. "Research on the economic efficiency of organic farming versus traditional farming." World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews 23, no. 2 (2024): 1907–16. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14868835.

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The method of organic farming is becoming more and more popular. All farmers are still concerned about finding workable ways to cut back on the number of treatments and minimize the usage of pesticides. The effort aims to establish a technical technique for producing some horticultural species that satisfies ecological agriculture requirements, as well as to explore some aspects of biological control to limit the spread of some diseases and pests in some horticultural species. The goal of this research is to investigate some aspects of biological control in order to prevent the development of

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24

Kugelevičius, Jonas Algirdas, Algirdas Kuprys, and Jonas Kugelevičius. "EVALUATION OF ECOLOGICAL AND ENERGETIC INDICATORS IN POWER PRODUCTION." JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING AND LANDSCAPE MANAGEMENT 13, no. 4 (2005): 192–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/16486897.2005.9636871.

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The technical, economic and ecological perspective parameters of power plants in Lithuania are presented. The chemical structure and ecological characteristics of future types of fuel ‐ orimulsion and asfalten ‐ are analysed. The technical, economic and ecological characteristics of traditional (natural gas, heavy fuel oil) and new kinds of fuel are summarized. The influence of ecological taxes and external costs on power production cost is analysed. The predictions of power cost are presented considering ecological taxes.

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25

Yakovchuk, Аnastasiia, Yurii Honcharov, and Mykola Yermshenko. "POLITICAL-ECONOMIC ASPECTS OF REGULATING ECOLOGICAL-ECONOMIC RELATIONS." Actual Problems of Economics 1, no. 269 (2023): 116–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.32752/1993-6788-2023-1-269-116-123.

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The article considers the main aspects of the regulation of ecological and economic relations from the point of view of the concept of «internalizing external cost». The content of the concept of «internalizing external cost» and its complex impact on ensuring balanced ecological and economic development are defined. The methodological prerequisites for applying the concept of «internalizing external cost» to the management of ecological and economic relations are characterized

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26

Prykhodko, Nataliia, Anatoliy Rokochinskiy, Pavlo Volk, et al. "Resource and Ecological Principles of Irrigation in Current Conditions." Archives of Hydro-Engineering and Environmental Mechanics 72, no. 1 (2025): 15–27. https://doi.org/10.2478/heem-2025-0002.

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Abstract Irrigation development focused on implementing ecologically sound and nature-based solutions was explored. This approach is crucial in addressing the pressing need to conserve water and electricity resources, aligning irrigated farming practices with current global challenges and sustainable development goals. Unlike traditional methods, it is essential to view water and electricity resources as integral components of irrigation efficiency from a resource-ecological perspective. A computer experiment involving predictive and simulation modeling was conducted to assess the feasibility

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27

Dai, Li Xin, and Xiu Yue Wang. "Choice of River Basin Ecological Compensation Standard Method for Determining Based on the Analytic Hierarchy Process." Applied Mechanics and Materials 401-403 (September 2013): 2080–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.401-403.2080.

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Research of river basin ecological compensation standard started in the late 90s, there are seven methods to determine river basin ecological compensation standard at present,such as market value method, willingness to pay (WTP) method, land use type area calculation method, opportunity cost method, cost analysis method, income loss method, the total cost of the amendment method . This paper uses the analytic hierarchy process (AHP)on the basis of full consideration to watershed ecosystem services value, the ecological protection and construction costs and the downstream willingness and abilit

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28

Trombley, Carolyn A., and Karl Cottenie. "Quantifying the Scientific Cost of Ambiguous Terminology in Community Ecology." Philosophical Topics 47, no. 1 (2019): 203–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/philtopics201947111.

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Fundamental terms in the field of ecology are ambiguous, with multiple meanings associated with them. While this could lead to confusion, discord, or even tests that violate core assumptions of a given theory or model, this ambiguity could also be a feature that allows for new knowledge creation through the interconnected nature of concepts. We approached this debate from a quantitative perspective, and investigated the cost of ambiguity related to definitions of ecological units in ecology related to the general term “community.” We did a meta-analysis of tests associated with two bodies of l

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29

Dai, Tiejun. "Assessing the Ecological Cost of Material Flow in China’s Waste Paper Recycling System." Sustainability 16, no. 4 (2024): 1610. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su16041610.

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This article introduces the concept of ecological costs associated with the waste paper recycling system. The costs associated with this process include resource consumption, waste emissions, ecological damage, and production processes. To analyze the ecological costs of deviations from the baseline material flow in a waste paper recycling system, a benchmark material flow diagram is constructed using the material flow analysis method. The diagram illustrates a fully closed one-way material flow of the recycling system, which is highly abstracted and simplified. The study analyzed the ecologic

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30

Wang, Yi-Ru, and Hui Zhang. "An Ecosystem Service Value Model to Quantify Eco-environment Cost." Applied Economics and Finance 7, no. 4 (2020): 22. http://dx.doi.org/10.11114/aef.v7i4.4808.

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With the development of society, ecological environmental protection has become more and more important. In this paper, an Ecosystem Service Value Model (ESVM) was developed to quantify the value of all types of ecosystem services. Through the ecosystem service value evaluation index system we established, we determined ecosystem service value equivalent factors of different ecosystem services. Then we combine the baseline value of the ecosystem service value equivalent factor to determine the ecosystem service value per unit area of different ecosystems. The amount of ecological service value

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31

Chen, Ming, and Tianze Zhao. "Research on the Valuation of Wetland Ecological Products based on Environmental Replacement Cost Method." Academic Journal of Management and Social Sciences 7, no. 2 (2024): 56–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/ern6sj77.

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With the contradiction between economy and environmental resources becoming more and more prominent, people gradually realize that human development should live in harmony with nature. To maintain the balance between human and nature and promote the sustainable development of economy and society has become an issue of great significance at present. This paper focuses on the regional wetland ecological resources in China, and analyzes the path to realize the value of wetland ecological products by constructing the value accounting index system of wetland ecological products. The purpose is to e

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32

Novaes, Roberto Leonan M. "The ecological cost of reproduction in the proboscis bat." Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment 20, no. 2 (2022): 75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fee.2479.

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33

Сироїд, Надія Павлівна. "Internal cost control on the ecological quality of products." Problems of Theory and Methodology of Accounting, Control and Analysis, no. 1(39) (April 27, 2018): 94–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.26642/pbo-2018-1(39)-94-99.

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34

Stanek, Wojciech, Lucyna Czarnowska, Wiesław Gazda, and Tomasz Simla. "Thermo-ecological cost of electricity from renewable energy sources." Renewable Energy 115 (January 2018): 87–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2017.07.074.

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35

Guillaume Blanchet, F., Pierre Legendre, and Fangliang He. "A new cost-effective approach to survey ecological communities." Oikos 125, no. 7 (2015): 975–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/oik.02838.

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36

Polin, Sarah, Jean‐Christophe Simon, and Yannick Outreman. "An ecological cost associated with protective symbionts of aphids." Ecology and Evolution 4, no. 6 (2014): 836–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ece3.991.

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37

Novaes, Roberto Leonan M. "The ecological cost of reproduction in the proboscis bat." Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment 20, no. 2 (2022): 75. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13443223.

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38

Novaes, Roberto Leonan M. "The ecological cost of reproduction in the proboscis bat." Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment 20, no. 2 (2022): 75. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13443223.

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39

Novaes, Roberto Leonan M. "The ecological cost of reproduction in the proboscis bat." Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment 20, no. 2 (2022): 75. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13443223.

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40

Sertutxa, Unai, Unai Ortega-Barrueta, Ibone Ametzaga-Arregi, and Lorena Peña. "The ecological cost of eucalypt plantations for bird communities." Forest Ecology and Management 594 (October 2025): 122961. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2025.122961.

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41

Novaes, Roberto Leonan M. "The ecological cost of reproduction in the proboscis bat." Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment 20, no. 2 (2022): 75. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13443223.

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42

Novaes, Roberto Leonan M. "The ecological cost of reproduction in the proboscis bat." Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment 20, no. 2 (2022): 75. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13443223.

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43

Li, Zhe, Wei Wu, Shiqi Tian, et al. "Protection cost allocation significantly affects transboundary ecological networks construction." Journal for Nature Conservation 87 (September 2025): 127012. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnc.2025.127012.

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44

Baldin, A. A. "Ecological aspect of launch vehicles development by criterion of minimal cost." Ecology and Noospherology 25, no. 3-4 (2014): 114–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/031427.

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One of the topical problems in modern aerospace engineering is accordance between ecological requirements and performance of the vehicle. On the other hand, problem of economical efficiency leads to change of the main criterion of designing to the minimization of costs (instead of maximal performance). According to modern trends of “low-cost” vehicles, different concepts of the future cost-effective launch vehicles are considered. It is necessary to validate these concepts according to requirements of ecological safety for the purpose of detection of the dominant launch vehicle configuration.

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45

Yu, Zhike. "The Scheme of Ecological Environment Governance under International Discourse Power from the Perspective of Ecological Civilization." Journal of Environmental and Public Health 2022 (September 20, 2022): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/3367200.

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Ecological civilization construction is an important field of global ecological environment governance, and biodiversity is an important foundation of ecological civilization construction. In the process of building international discourse power of ecological civilization, governments, enterprises, and individuals should attach great importance to ecological environmental protection. Especially in the context of the new era, the promotion of international discourse power of ecological civilization and the governance of ecological and environmental problems must be in the process of further con

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46

Li, Zhichao, and Tianqu Shao. "An Improved Ecological Services Valuation Model in Land Use Project." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 8 (2019): 1474. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16081474.

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Natural ecosystems benefit human lives via providing fundamental life-support services and goods upon which human civilization depends. However, as nature provides those for free, many people believe that they are of little or no value and they exploit the land greedily and unreasonably, which makes serious ecological degradation. Concerning this issue, we present the ecological services valuation model (ESVM) to measure the cost of environmental degradation of land use cost, which is an evaluation model of environmental degradation cost. Environmental degradation cost refer to the cost of det

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47

Reis, Gabriela Carneiro, Mariana Costa Laktim, Raul Manuel Esteves de Sousa Fangueiro, and Rita de Castro Engler. "The True Cost: both sides of the true cost." CONTRIBUCIONES A LAS CIENCIAS SOCIALES 16, no. 5 (2023): 1970–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.55905/revconv.16n.5-001.

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Concepts such as ‘sustainable development’, ‘global warming’, ‘and ecological footprint’ have been used and constitute important themes in the discussion, which started in the 1970s, concerned with the impacts of human activities and the consequent environmental degradation. Environmental disasters, resulting from the way of life in rich countries, posed the environment as a global issue. This paper aims to realize a critical analysis of the speech applied to The True Cost documentary and of those movements that emerged after the disaster of the Rana Plaza building, in 2013, based on a bibliog

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48

Adamczyk, Janusz, Robert Dylewski, and Marcin Relich. "Multi-Indicator Assessment of a Thermal Insulation Investment, Taking into Account the Pre-Set Temperature." Sustainability 16, no. 9 (2024): 3544. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su16093544.

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The article proposes indicators to evaluate a thermal insulation investment in a building, such as net present value (NPV), profitability index, discounted payback period, and ecological cost efficiency. Economic and ecological aspects were taken into account. Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) was used in the ecological analysis. The following heat sources in the building were considered: condensing gas boiler and heat pump. The developed indicators also depend on the pre-set temperature in residential premises. A methodology to determine the optimum thermal insulation thickness for both economic an

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49

Lin, Zhen-Shan, and Bai-Lian Li. "A twin-scale law about the minimum cost." Ecological Modelling 165, no. 2-3 (2003): 231–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0304-3800(03)00076-0.

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50

Wang, Feng, Ke Qiang Zhang, Xi Yun Ni, Huai Qin Yang, and Jun Yi Zhao. "The Accounting Method of Agro-Ecological Compensation Standard of Environmental-Friendly Fertilizer in Erhai Watershed." Advanced Materials Research 600 (November 2012): 47–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.600.47.

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In this paper, it reviewed the research the progress of the ecological compensation standard (ECS), and analyzed four main ECS accounting methods, including ecosystem services value, ecological construction cost, opportunity cost and willingness payment. Combined with paddy field plots experiment in Erhai watershed in China, it compared crop yield, fertilizer cost and net profit in the traditional fertilization method and slow-release fertilizer (SRF) technology. Compensation standard of the environment-friendly fertilizer was recommended as 750～1,500 yuan/hm2 in the area. After comparing diff

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