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Journal articles on the topic 'Ecological Markers'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 5 June 2025

Last updated: 16 July 2025

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Piasecki, Piotr. "Markers of Ecological Conversion." Poznańskie Studia Teologiczne, no. 39 (December 16, 2021): 49–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/pst.2021.39.03.

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Conversion is a transformation altering worldviews and identities through changed awareness of self, community (including religion, society, politics, economics and industry) and global ecology. The guiding principle of Laudato si’ by Pope Francis is contained in several points, “Everything is related”, relies on scientifical findings: life on Earth’s current forms depend on natural equilibriums. Biodiversity collapse and global warming are two deteriorations which deeply threaten the humanity survival. Christian tradition offers some precious assets to face this emergency, and become committed, as a Christian, in ecological causes: Ecological conversion is essentially a return to the realization of God’s will in the matter of caring for one’s home.

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Moreno-García, M., A. Córdoba-Aguilar, R. Condé, and H. Lanz-Mendoza. "Current immunity markers in insect ecological immunology: assumed trade-offs and methodological issues." Bulletin of Entomological Research 103, no. 2 (2012): 127–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s000748531200048x.

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AbstractThe field of ecological immunology currently relies on using a number of immune effectors or markers. These markers are usually used to infer ecological trade-offs (via conflicts in resource allocation), though physiological nature of these markers remains elusive. Here, we review markers frequently used in insect evolutionary ecology research: cuticle darkening, haemocyte density, nodule/capsule formation, phagocytosis and encapsulation/melanization via use of nylon filaments and beads, phenoloxidase activity, nitric oxide production, lysozyme and antimicrobial peptide production. We also provide physiologically based information that may shed light on the probable trade-offs inferred when these markers are used. In addition, we provide a number of methodological suggestions to improve immune marker assessment.

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DALZIEL, ANNE C., and PATRICIA M. SCHULTE. "Ecological proteomics: Finding molecular markers that matter." Molecular Ecology 21, no. 14 (2012): 3382–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-294x.2012.05632.x.

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Zhang, Chun, Zhiqiang Mei, Jingliang Cheng, et al. "Development of SCAR Markers Based on Improved RAPD Amplification Fragments and Molecular Cloning for Authentication of Herbal Medicines Angelica sinensis, Angelica acutiloba and Levisticum officinale." Natural Product Communications 10, no. 10 (2015): 1934578X1501001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1934578x1501001027.

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Molecular cloning from DNA fragments of improved RAPD amplification of Angelica sinensis, Angelica acutiloba and Levisticum officinale, provided novel sequence-characterized amplified region (SCAR) markers A13, A23, Al-34 and Al-0 whose sequences were deposited in the GenBank database with the accession numbers KP641315, KP641316, KP641317 and KP641318, respectively. By optional PCR amplification, the SCAR markers A13 and A23 are Levisticum officinale-specific, whereas the SCAR marker Al-34 is Angelica acutiloba-specific, and the SCAR marker Al-0 is Angelica sinensis-specific. These diagnostic SCAR markers may be useful for genetic authentications, for ecological conservation of all three medicinal plants and as a helpful tool for the genetic authentication of adulterant samples.

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Ewers-Saucedo, Christine, John D. Zardus, and John P. Wares. "Microsatellite loci discovery from next-generation sequencing data and loci characterization in the epizoic barnacleChelonibia testudinaria(Linnaeus, 1758)." PeerJ 4 (May 17, 2016): e2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.2019.

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Microsatellite markers remain an important tool for ecological and evolutionary research, but are unavailable for many non-model organisms. One such organism with rare ecological and evolutionary features is the epizoic barnacleChelonibia testudinaria(Linnaeus, 1758).Chelonibia testudinariaappears to be a host generalist, and has an unusual sexual system, androdioecy. Genetic studies on host specificity and mating behavior are impeded by the lack of fine-scale, highly variable markers, such as microsatellite markers. In the present study, we discovered thousands of new microsatellite loci from next-generation sequencing data, and characterized 12 loci thoroughly. We conclude that 11 of these loci will be useful markers in future ecological and evolutionary studies onC. testudinaria.

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Виткина, Татьяна, Tatyana Vitkina, Людмила Веремчук, et al. "PATHOGENETIC MARKERS OF ECOLOGICALLY RELATED RESPIRATORY DISEASES." Bulletin physiology and pathology of respiration 1, no. 62 (2016): 8–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/23112.

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The aim of the research is to examine the relationship between the integral parameters of respiratory function, the values of LPO-AOD system and NO level at bronchopulmonary pathology in individuals living in different ecological areas of the city of Vladivostok. 206 patients living in different ecological conditions (healthy individuals, patients with respiratory disorders) were examined. Lung function and the state of LPO-AOD system were studied; the concentration of NO metabolites was assessed in blood serum. The nature and strength of the impact of environmental factors on respiratory function, the state of LPO-AOD, NO level were studied by the method based on correlation analysis. There was calculated power index (D) which was differentiated into power within the system (Ds) which in its turn reflects the in-system interrelationship tension (LPO-AOD, respiratory) and power between systems (Dm) characterizing the activity of interconnections and response to an external stimulus. Intra-system dependences typical for the unfavorable zone were viewed in relation to the favorable zone. It was found out that in ecologically unfavorable regions in individuals with different bronchopulmonary pathologies the value of Ds increases. This indicates that the pathogenic influence of environmental factors increases. In healthy people living in ecologically unfavourable area physiological adaptive-compensatory reaction of the body was revealed, which was proved by high power interconnections (Dm). In the patients with chronic bronchitis there was maintained an adequate level of functioning of the body systems studied. In patients with COPD living in an unfavourable zone there were found strong links between the indicators of the system of LPO-AOD and of NO, and in patients with bronchial asthma - supplementary relationship between lung function and NO. At the same time pathologic changes in the system of LPO-AOD and NO depend on the general pollution, metal and gas components contained in the air. Thus, the people with respiratory diseases being in environmentally unfavorable conditions have the most negative influence. The analysis of the activity of relationships proved that violations of interaction of LPO-AOD systems and NO in ecologically unfavorable regions may contribute to the occurrence and progression of bronchopulmonary diseases.

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Ristic, Danijela, Vojka Babic, Violeta Andjelkovic, Jelena Vancetovic, Snezana Mladenovic-Drinic, and Dragana Ignjatovic-Micic. "Genetic diversity in maize dent landraces assessed by morphological and molecular markers." Genetika 45, no. 3 (2013): 811–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/gensr1303811r.

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Maize Research Institute ?Zemun Polje? genebank maintains a collection of landraces grouped into 18 agro-ecological collected from ex-Yugoslavia territories. The application and comparison of different marker systems are important for the characterization and use of maize landraces in breeding program, as potential sources of desirable traits. In this study, 15 morphological traits, 7 RAPD primers and 10 SSR primer pairs were applied to i) to determine genetic distance between 21 maize dent landraces and ii) compare results obtained on morphological and molecular markers. Phenotypic analysis showed high level of heterogeneity between landraces. Higher level of genetic diversity was obtained with SSR than with RAPD. Genetic distance mean value for RAPD data was 0.35 i.e. for SSR 0.48. Based on the morphological traits and molecular markers, unweighted pairgroup method (UPGMA) analysis was applied for cluster analysis, using statistical NTSYSpc program package. Cluster analysis of morphological and molecular markers distances did not show the same population grouping. Better agreement with agro-ecological data was obtained with RAPD markers. Correlations between dissimilarity matrices for different types of markers were low. Data obtained in this work could be useful for further study of a larger number of landraces, and conservation of genetic resources and their genetic diversity.

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Vacher, P., G. Martinent, L. Mourot, and M. Nicolas. "Elite swimmers’ internal markers trajectories in ecological training conditions." Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports 28, no. 8 (2018): 1866–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/sms.13200.

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SHRINIVAS, K., K. KESTER, P. A. W. MARTIN, and B. BROWN. "Molecular markers to determine the ecological fate ofBacillus thuringiensisssp.kurstaki." Molecular Ecology Resources 8, no. 5 (2008): 1145–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1755-0998.2008.02207.x.

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Shugart, Lee R., John F. McCarthy, and Richard S. Halbrook. "Biological Markers of Environmental and Ecological Contamination: An Overview." Risk Analysis 12, no. 3 (1992): 353–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1539-6924.1992.tb00687.x.

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Borsato, Nicole D., Katherine Lunn, Nina R. Garrett, et al. "Identification of potential insect ecological interactions using a metabarcoding approach." PeerJ 13 (February 17, 2025): e18906. https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.18906.

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Species interactions are challenging to quantify, particularly when they happen cryptically. Molecular methods have become a key tool to uncover these interactions when they leave behind a DNA trace from the interacting organism (e.g., pollen on a bee) or when the taxa are still present but morphologically challenging to identify (e.g., microbial or fungal interactions). The decreasing costs of sequencing makes the mass analysis of thousands of target species possible. However, the challenge has shifted to selecting molecular markers which maximize information recovery while analyzing these data at broad biological scales. In this manuscript we use model arthropod groups to compare molecular markers and their analysis across life stages. We develop protocols for two ecologically and economically devastating pests, the spongy moth (Lymantria dispar dispar) and the emerald ash borer (Agrilus planipennis), and a group of pollinators including bees and wasps which regularly deposit eggs in “bee hotels” where the larvae develop. Using Illumina MiSeq and Oxford Nanopore MinION platforms we evaluate seven primer pairs for five molecular markers which target plants, fungi, microbes, insects, and parasitic phyla (e.g., nematodes). Our data reveals hundreds of potential ecological interactions and establishes generalized methods which can be applied across arthropod host taxa with recommendations on the appropriate markers in different systems. However, we also discuss the challenge of differentiating co-occurring DNA signals and true ecological interactions, a problem only starting to be recognized as eDNA from the environment accumulates on living organisms.

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Forrest, I., K. Burg, and R. Klumpp. "Genetic markers: tools for identifying and characterising scots pine populations." Forest Systems 9 (January 1, 2000): 67–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.5424/676.

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Genetic diversity is the basis for ecological biodiversity; it can only be assessed by using markers which reflect the variation present within the genome. Biochemical plant constituents interact with other components of the ecosystem and are thus of greater value as adaptive markers than as truly genotypic characters; however, the terpene components of coniferous resin systems are under strong genetic control and are valuable population diversity indicators. Molecular markers are impervious to environmental modification and therefore represent the genotype most faithfully. A survey is presented of the applications of the major biochemical and molecular marker systems in the analysis of Scots pine populations, together with indications of the advantages and limitations of each category of marker. The unusually high phenotypic diversity evident within the species at the morphological and physiological levels, both within populations and between geographical regions, is further substantiated by the degree of genotypic diversity evident from biochemical and molecular analysis. Molecular markers currently available mostly measure selectively neutral variation; among the most important needs for the future is the development of molecular markers for adaptive traits.

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Wang, Cong, Ke Che, Guanglei Zhang, Hao Yu, and Junsong Wang. "Integrating Metabolomics and Machine Learning to Analyze Chemical Markers and Ecological Regulatory Mechanisms of Geographical Differentiation in Thesium chinense Turcz." Metabolites 15, no. 7 (2025): 423. https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo15070423.

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Background: The relationship between medicinal efficacy and the geographical environment in Thesium chinense Turcz. (T. chinense Turcz.), a traditional Chinese herb, remains systematically unexplored. This study integrates metabolomics, machine learning, and ecological factor analysis to elucidate the geographical variation patterns and regulatory mechanisms of secondary metabolites in T. chinense Turcz. from Anhui, Henan, and Shanxi Provinces. Methods: Metabolomic profiling was conducted on T. chinense Turcz. samples collected from three geographical origins across Anhui, Henan, and Shanxi Provinces. Machine learning algorithms (Random Forest, LASSO regression) identified region-specific biomarkers through intersection analysis. Metabolic pathway enrichment employed MetaboAnalyst 5.0 with target prediction. Antioxidant activity (DPPH/hydroxyl radical scavenging) was quantified spectrophotometrically. Environmental correlation analysis incorporated 19 WorldClim variables using redundancy analysis, Mantel tests, and Pearson correlations. Results: We identified 43 geographical marker compounds (primarily flavonoids and alkaloids). Random forest and LASSO regression algorithms determined core markers for each production area: Anhui (4 markers), Henan (6 markers), and Shanxi (3 markers). Metabolic pathway enrichment analysis revealed these markers exert pharmacological effects through neuroactive ligand–receptor interaction and PI3K-Akt signaling pathways. Redundancy analysis demonstrated Anhui samples exhibited significantly higher antioxidant activity (DPPH and hydroxyl radical scavenging rates) than other regions, strongly correlating with stable low-temperature environments (annual mean temperature) and precipitation patterns. Conclusions: This study established the first geo-specific molecular marker system for T. chinense Turcz., demonstrating that the geographical environment critically influences metabolic profiles and bioactivity. Findings provide a scientific basis for quality control standards of geo-authentic herbs and offer insights into plant–environment interactions for sustainable cultivation practices.

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Sriphirom, Paradee, Piyamas Nanork Sopaladawan, Komgrit Wongpakam, and Pairot Pramual. "Molecular phylogeny of black flies in the Simulium tuberosum (Diptera: Simuliidae) species group in Thailand." Genome 57, no. 1 (2014): 45–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/gen-2013-0145.

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Black flies are medically and ecologically significant insects. They are also interesting from an evolutionary standpoint regarding the role of chromosomal change and ecological adaptation. In this study, molecular genetic markers based on multiple gene sequences were used to assess genetic diversity and to infer phylogenetic relationships for a group of cytologically highly diverse black flies of the Simulium tuberosum species group in Thailand. Ecological affinities of the species were also investigated. High levels of genetic diversity were found in cytological species complexes, S. tani and S. doipuiense, and also in S. rufibasis, which was cytologically nearly monomorphic. The results highlight the necessity of integrating multilevel markers for fully understanding black fly biodiversity. Phylogenetic relationships based on multiple gene sequences were consistent with an existing dendrogram inferred from cytological and morphological data. Simulium tani is the most distinctive taxa among the members of the S. tubersosum species group in Thailand based on its divergent morphological characters. Molecular data supported the monophyletic status of S. tani, S. weji, and S. yuphae, but S. doipuiense and S. rufibasis were polyphyletic, most likely due to incomplete lineage sorting and inadequate phylogenetic signals. Ecological analyses revealed that members of the S. tuberosum species group have clearly different ecological niches. The results thus supported previous views of the importance of ecology in black fly evolution.

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Hall, Michael W., Robin R. Rohwer, Jonathan Perrie, Katherine D. McMahon, and Robert G. Beiko. "Ananke: temporal clustering reveals ecological dynamics of microbial communities." PeerJ 5 (September 26, 2017): e3812. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.3812.

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Taxonomic markers such as the 16S ribosomal RNA gene are widely used in microbial community analysis. A common first step in marker-gene analysis is grouping genes into clusters to reduce data sets to a more manageable size and potentially mitigate the effects of sequencing error. Instead of clustering based on sequence identity, marker-gene data sets collected over time can be clustered based on temporal correlation to reveal ecologically meaningful associations. We present Ananke, a free and open-source algorithm and software package that complements existing sequence-identity-based clustering approaches by clustering marker-gene data based on time-series profiles and provides interactive visualization of clusters, including highlighting of internal OTU inconsistencies. Ananke is able to cluster distinct temporal patterns from simulations of multiple ecological patterns, such as periodic seasonal dynamics and organism appearances/disappearances. We apply our algorithm to two longitudinal marker gene data sets: faecal communities from the human gut of an individual sampled over one year, and communities from a freshwater lake sampled over eleven years. Within the gut, the segregation of the bacterial community around a food-poisoning event was immediately clear. In the freshwater lake, we found that high sequence identity between marker genes does not guarantee similar temporal dynamics, and Ananke time-series clusters revealed patterns obscured by clustering based on sequence identity or taxonomy. Ananke is free and open-source software available at https://github.com/beiko-lab/ananke.

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BARBERÁN, ALBERT, ANTONI FERNÁNDEZ-GUERRA, BRENDAN J. M. BOHANNAN, and EMILIO O. CASAMAYOR. "Exploration of community traits as ecological markers in microbial metagenomes." Molecular Ecology 21, no. 8 (2011): 1909–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-294x.2011.05383.x.

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Wetzel, Denise K., Michael J. Horak, and Daniel Z. Skinner. "Use of PCR-based molecular markers to identify weedyAmaranthusspecies." Weed Science 47, no. 5 (1999): 518–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0043174500092201.

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Weedy species of the genusAmaranthus, commonly referred to as pigweeds, have increased in frequency and severity over the past few years. Identification of these weeds is difficult because of similar morphological characteristics among species and variation within species. Studies were initiated to develop a molecular marker identification system utilizing restriction enzyme analysis of amplified ribosomal DNA (rDNA). A set of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) markers was developed to distinguish 10 weedy species of pigweeds. Restriction-site variation, utilizing five endonucleases, within the internal transcribed spacers (ITS) of the rDNA allowed for the positive identification of eight species and one pair of species. These markers will be useful for biological and ecological studies on the genus.

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de Oliveira, Marcelo, Alex Almeida Chedid, Larissa Silva de Azevedo, Ayla Roberta Borges da Silva Galaço, Thiago Rui Casagrande, and Osvaldo Antonio Serra. "Voltammetric Determination of New Chemical Markers in Gunshot Residues from Conventional and Ecological Ammunitions: Importance of Forensic Electroanalysis." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2022-01, no. 52 (2022): 2164. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2022-01522164mtgabs.

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Gunshot residues (GSR) are chemical traces present in the shooter's body. GSR are primarily deposited on the dorsal region of the hands. Metallic microparticles formed by Sb, Ba, and Pb are the main inorganic residues produced by conventional ammunition. These residues are commonly analyzed by SEM-EDS for forensic evidence. Currently, two experimental limitations for forensic GSR analysis exist: GSR (1) are produced indistinctly (revolvers, pistols, and shotguns, among other firearms, produce the same GSR.) and (2) are not produced when metal-free (ecological) ammunition is fired. To overcome the issue of absent metallic traces and to provide proper ammunition traceability, we suggest using luminescent chemical markers based on rare earth ions. These markers can be synthesized with different elements, to produce distinct colors depending on the firearm caliber. In addition, these markers present good visual detectability under forensic flashlights, and they can be detected and quantified by sensitive, low-cost instrumental techniques, such as voltammetry. In this context, we aimed to develop a composite containing Eu and Zr and to incorporate it in conventional and ecological ammunition propellants to test whether voltammetric detection of GSR traces collected after the shots is feasible. Conventional and ecological .380-caliber pistol ammunition was used. Both types of ammunition were previously disassembled with a commercial inertia hammer. Aliquots of the composite containing Eu and Zr were mixed at 10% ratio (w/w) with the propellants of these types of ammunition. Later, ammunition was reassembled with a mechanical press from Lee, model Lock Pro. The firing step was carried out in a professional shooting range; a .380 caliber pistol from Taurus, model PT 638 PRO, was used. Shots were fired on boards of pressed wood placed 1.0 m away from the end of the gun barrel. After the shooting stage, a Spectroline UV flashlight, model ENF-280C, was used to detect the luminescent chemical marker in the ammunition capsules and shot residues deposited on the hands, target, and weapon. GSR for SEM-EDS analysis were collected with aluminum stubs equipped with conductive adhesive tape. GSR aliquots for GC-MS analysis were collected by using swabs soaked with chromatographic grade ethanol solution and placed in 2.0-mL Eppendorf tubes. GSR aliquots for voltammetric analysis were collected by using carbon paste electrodes, with their surface being lightly pressed on the sample collection region. GSR detection by UV flashlight showed that the luminescent chemical marker was present on the target, hands, and weapon and in the deflagrated ammunition cases, as evidenced by red dots spread over the samples. This indicated that the method was practical, and that the luminescent chemical marker was effective for the intended purpose. Analysis of GSR from conventional and ecological cartridges by GC-MS showed that they had distinct chemical profile, but the chemical components present in the luminescent chemical marker could not be detected. MEV-EDS analysis allowed particles containing the luminescent chemical marker to be detected in the cases of GSR from conventional and ecological munitions. The characteristic peaks of Zr and Eu were observed during EDS analysis, indicating that this technique can also be used to detect these markers. The voltammetric results indicated that the luminescent chemical marker can be detected through Zr detection at an anodic peak potential of 0.45 V vs. Ag/AgCl, consistent with the expected signal for this element. Additional substances present in these residues did not interfere in voltammetric Zr detection, making the new methodology a fast and viable alternative for forensic analysis. Figure 1

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LI, Mo-Chan, and Jian-Ping XU. "Molecular Ecology of Ectomycorrhizal Fungi: Molecular Markers, Genets and Ecological Importance." Acta Botanica Yunnanica 31, no. 3 (2009): 193–209. http://dx.doi.org/10.3724/sp.j.1143.2009.09086.

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Shah, H. N., S. E. Gharbia, T. A. R. Al-jalili, R. A. Nash, and S. V. Seddon. "Enzymes of Diagnostic Importance Within theBacteroidaceae; Use as Possible Ecological Markers." Microbial Ecology in Health and Disease 1, no. 2 (1988): 115–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/08910608809140190.

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Iwaizumi, M. G., A. Watanabe, and K. Isoda. "Primer Note: Development of Highly Polymorphic Nuclear Microsatellite Markers for Hinoki (Chamaecyparis obtusa)." Silvae Genetica 60, no. 1-6 (2011): 62–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/sg-2011-0008.

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Abstract We developed 32 microsatellite markers from an enriched genomic DNA library of hinoki (Chamaecyparis obtusa), one of the most important Japanese forestry conifer species. From a total of 1,056 cloned plasmids, 96 sequence-specific primer pairs were designed from 110 candidate clones. We selected 32 primers that showed successful amplification and marked polymorphism and evaluated their characteristics using DNA from 38 C. obtusa elite trees planted in the Forest Tree Breeding Center. The markers were highly polymorphic, with the number of alleles ranging from 8 to 32 (mean: 20.09), and expected heterozygosity ranging from 0.811 to 0.958 (mean: 0.901). Progress in breeding projects and studies of the ecological genetics of this species can be expected through the use of this enlarged marker pool.

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Jahnke, Gizella, József Smidla, and Peter Poczai. "MolMarker: A Simple Tool for DNA Fingerprinting Studies and Polymorphic Information Content Calculation." Diversity 14, no. 6 (2022): 497. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/d14060497.

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Molecular markers and mapping are used to analyze an organism’s genes. They allow the selection of target genetic areas based on marker genotype (and not trait phenotype), facilitate the study of genetic variability and diversity, create linkage maps, and follow individuals or lines carrying certain genes. They may be used to select parental genotypes, remove linkage drag in back-crossing, and choose difficult-to-measure characteristics. Due to a lack of genetic variety in crops, the gene pools of wild crop relatives for future agricultural production have been examined. The invention of RFLP (Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism) for linkage mapping allowed for the creation of other traditional approaches such as RAPD (Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA) and AFLP (Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism). Accordingly, the need to describe the polymorphic information content (PIC) of the ideal marker has been raised. Marker selection reliability depends on the marker’s relationship to the genomic area of interest. Although informativeness must be estimated for genetic study design, there are no readily available tools. Earlier, PICcalc was developed to calculate heterozygosity (H) and PIC to simplify molecular investigations. These two values were corrected for dominant and co-dominant markers (binary and allelic data) to determine polymorphism quality. Due to the popularity of PICcalc web, we developed a downloadable version called MolMarker with extra functionality to reduce server maintenance.

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Kuzina, T. V., and A. V. Kuzin. "Use of Oxidative Stress (MDA) Markers and Cytogenetic Markers in the Ecological‐Genetic Monitoring of the Northern Caspian Sea." South of Russia: ecology, development 15, no. 1 (2020): 99–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.18470/1992-1098-2020-1-99-106.

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Aim. Assessment and subsequent long‐term dynamic observation of possible negative genetic consequences of the effect of pollutants on certain units of metabolism are important tasks in ecological‐genetic monitoring. Cytogenetic and biochemical biomarkers are used in biomonitoring studies to analyze the genotoxicity of aquatic pollutants. The purpose of the work was to analyse the use of markers of oxidative stress and cytogenetic disorders in goby fish caught at shallow and deep‐water stations of the Northern Caspian Sea in the ecological‐genetic monitoring system. Material and Methods. The study was undertaken on 227 specimens of goby fish by cytogenetic and biochemical analysis. Results. The correlation dependence between erythrocytes with micronuclei and erythrocytes with the quantity of damaged nuclei summarized as R= ‐0.83 (p˂0.05) was shown. The results of correlation analysis between oxidative stress indices and the number of destructive changes in erythrocyte nucleus are presented. Our analysis thus leads us to the conclusion that somatic mutagenesis (micronuclear formation) after exposure to free radicals can be an adaptive response to this stress factor.Conclusion. Analysis leadsus to the conclusion that somatic mutagenesis (formation of micro‐nuclei) after exposure to free radicals can be an adaptive response to stress factor in habitat conditions in areas of liquidated prospecting wells of LUKOIL‐Nizhnevolzhskneft in the Northern Caspian Sea.

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Pristas, Peter, Terezia Beck, Lea Nosalova, Svetlana Gaperova, and Jan Gaper. "How Different Molecular Markers Estimate the Diversity of European Species of the Ganoderma Genus." Journal of Fungi 9, no. 10 (2023): 1023. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jof9101023.

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Based on published anatomical-morphological and ecological characteristics and phylogenetic evidence, six species of the Ganoderma genus are known to occur in Europe, namely, G. applanatum (Pers.) Pat., G. adspersum (Schulzer) Donk, G. pfeifferi Bres., G. resinaceum Boud., G. carnosum Pat., and G. lucidum (Curtis) P. Karst. Molecular markers (DNA sequences of selected genes or intergenic spacers) revolutionized our view of fungal variability. Every one of the four most frequently used molecular markers (ITS (internal transcribed spacer) and partial sequences of LSU (rRNA large subunit), tef1-α (translation elongation factor 1-alpha), and Rpb2 (RNA polymerase II second largest subunit)) provides a different view on the variability of European species of the Ganoderma genus. Both the lowest intraspecies variability and the best species differentiation (interspecies divergence) were observed for the LSU marker, and based on our data, this marker could be recommended for identification and species delineation in European Ganoderma spp. The sequences of the most frequently used ITS marker were unable to discriminate between G. lucidum and G. carnosum, and in general, this species pair showed the lowest interspecies divergence using all markers tested. Surprisingly, up to now, hidden variability has been detected in several Ganoderma spp., indicating the existence of possible cryptic taxa within the European Ganoderma morphospecies.

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Bossolini, Eligio, Ulrich Klahre, Anna Brandenburg, Didier Reinhardt, and Cris Kuhlemeier. "High resolution linkage maps of the model organism Petunia reveal substantial synteny decay with the related genome of tomato." Genome 54, no. 4 (2011): 327–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/g10-116.

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Two linkage maps were constructed for the model plant Petunia. Mapping populations were obtained by crossing the wild species Petunia axillaris subsp. axillaris with Petunia inflata, and Petunia axillaris subsp. parodii with Petunia exserta. Both maps cover the seven chromosomes of Petunia, and span 970 centimorgans (cM) and 700 cM of the genomes, respectively. In total, 207 markers were mapped. Of these, 28 are multilocus amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) markers and 179 are gene-derived markers. For the first time we report on the development and mapping of 83 Petunia microsatellites. The two maps retain the same marker order, but display significant differences of recombination frequencies at orthologous mapping intervals. A complex pattern of genomic rearrangements was detected with the related genome of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum), indicating that synteny between Petunia and other Solanaceae crops has been considerably disrupted. The newly developed markers will facilitate the genetic characterization of mutants and ecological studies on genetic diversity and speciation within the genus Petunia. The maps will provide a powerful tool to link genetic and genomic information and will be useful to support sequence assembly of the Petunia genome.

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Hosid, Elena, Eugenia Yusim, Isabella Grishkan, et al. "Microsatellite Diversity in Natural Populations of Ascomycetous Fungus, Emericella Nidulans, from Different Climatic-Edaphic Conditions in Israel." Israel Journal of Ecology and Evolution 56, no. 2 (2010): 119–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1560/ijee.56.2.119.

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The genetic divergence of Israeli populations of the soil ascomycetous fungusEmericella nidulanswas studied on regional and local scales using fifteen microsatellite (SSR) markers. The study was performed in the framework of the "Evolution Canyon" research program at the Institute of Evolution, University of Haifa, in three "Evolution Canyons" (ECs): EC I (Mt. Carmel), EC II (western Upper Galilee), and EC III (the southern Negev desert). The first two canyons (EC I and EC II) are located in the northern part of Israel at a distance of 38 km apart; EC III is located southward at a distance of nearly 350 km from the northern ECs. In each canyon,E. nidulansstrains were isolated from opposite slopes and, in EC III, from the valley bottom. All three EC populations ofE. nidulanswere found to be genetically distinct. The estimated genetic divergences correspond to geographical distances and ecological differences between the three studied canyons. On a regional scale, simple sequence repeat (SSR) polymorphism tends to increase with severity of ecological conditions. In general, both environmental parameters (soil moisture and temperature) and genetic factors (predicted number of repeats in SSR markers, distance from marker to centromere, codon evolutionary chronologies, and hydrophobic vs. hydrophilic character of encoded amino acid) influenced genetic diversity ofE. nidulanspopulations.

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Moguilner, Sebastian, Agustina Birba, Daniel Fino, et al. "Multimodal neurocognitive markers of frontal lobe epilepsy: Insights from ecological text processing." NeuroImage 235 (July 2021): 117998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2021.117998.

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Pasquini, Giancarlo, Andreas Neubauer, Nicholas Eaton, et al. "Can Ecological Momentary Assessments Be Used as Daily Markers of Personality Traits?" Innovation in Aging 5, Supplement_1 (2021): 249. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igab046.963.

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Abstract This study hypothesized that select ecological momentary assessment (EMA) survey items are sensitive to day-to-day fluctuations in personality traits Extraversion (E) and Neuroticism (N). As part of the Einstein Aging Study, 312 older adults (Mage=76.96 years, SD=4.85 years, range=70-90 years) completed up to 5 EMA surveys per day for 16 days and a Big Five trait personality measure. Parallel two-factor multilevel confirmatory factor analyses were conducted for E (Daily-E; Trait-E) and N (Daily-N; Trait-N). The E model showed good fit (CFI=.95; TLI=.94; RMSEA=.02) and a significant correlation of .20 between Daily-E and Trait-E factors. The N model showed poor fit (CFI=.68; TLI=.61; RMSEA=.06). Results suggest EMA items can be used as daily markers of Extraversion, yet results are unclear for Neuroticism due to poor model fit. Daily markers of Extraversion can be used to detect fluctuations in personality traits across days that may predict long-term personality change.

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Pollet, Marc, Christoph Germann, and Marco Valerio Bernasconi. "Phylogenetic analyses using molecular markers reveal ecological lineages in Medetera (Diptera: Dolichopodidae)." Canadian Entomologist 143, no. 6 (2011): 662–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.4039/n11-031.

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AbstractMedetera Fischer von Waldheim is the most speciose genus in the Medeterinae, with a nearly ubiquitous global distribution. Phylogenetic relationships within Medetera and between Medetera and four other medeterine genera were investigated using mitochondrial (COI, 16S) and nuclear (18S) markers to test morphological hypotheses. Our results confirm most of Bickel's hypotheses. Thrypticus Gerstäcker shows a sister-group relationship with Medetera + Dolichophorus Lichtwardt. The Medetera species included here split into two clades. One clade corresponds to the M. diadema L. – veles Loew species group sensu Bickel. The second clade is largely composed of the M. apicalis (Zetterstedt) species group sensu Bickel and the M. aberrans Wheeler species group sensu Bickel + Dolichophorus. Although most Medeterinae are associated with plants (mainly trees), species in at least two separate lineages demonstrate a secondary return to terrestrial habitats. The implication of this evolutionary phenomenon is briefly discussed.

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Yeh, Vivian M., Danielle E. McCarthy, and Timothy B. Baker. "An ecological momentary assessment analysis of prequit markers for smoking-cessation failure." Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology 20, no. 6 (2012): 479–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0029725.

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Zink, R. M. "Ecological exchangeability versus neutral molecular markers: the case of the great tit." Animal Conservation 10, no. 3 (2007): 369–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-1795.2007.00125.x.

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Srivastav, Manish, Sanjay K. Singh, Jai Prakash, et al. "New hyper-variable SSRs for diversity analysis in mango (Mangifera indica L.)." Indian Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding (The) 81, no. 01 (2021): 119–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.31742/ijgpb.81.1.13.

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Whole genome sequence in mango offers unprecedented opportunities for genomics assisted crop improvement via enabling access to genome-wide genetic markers. In the present study, simple sequence repeats (SSRs) were predicted from genome sequence of mango. Based on the SSR length (? 50 bp), highly-variable mango SSRs (MSSRs) were sorted. A sub-set of 129 MSSRs was validated on a set of 24 diverse mango genotypes yielding marker validation and polymorphism of 88.96 and 85.27 per cent, respectively. One hundred and ten polymorphic markers were identified for the present set of mango genotypes. Polymorphic information content (PIC) ranged from 0.10 to 0.78 and the highest value was observed with MSSR133. The mean PIC value was 0.40 but 33 MSSR markers showed PIC values ? 0.5, suggesting that these markers can efficiently measure genetic diversity and serve for mapping of quantitative trait loci (QTLs) in mango. MSSRs data was further used for diversity analysis of mango genotypes belonging to different agro-ecological conditions including chance seedlings, landraces, exotic and indigenous germplasm and hybrids. Cluster analysis using UPGMA of 24 mango genotypes revealed that these MSSRs were informative in diversity analysis and distinguished mango genotypes based on their origin, parentage and embryo types. A novel set of 110 hyper-variable SSR markers have been added to the mango repository depicting usefulness in discriminating closely related mango germplasm and their use in mango improvement programme.

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Scott, Stacey B., Andreas Neubauer, Joshua Smyth, and Martin Sliwinski. "EVERYDAY MARKERS OF PERSONALITY IN ADULTHOOD." Innovation in Aging 3, Supplement_1 (2019): S777. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igz038.2858.

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Abstract Personality should manifest everyday as behaviors, affective states, and thoughts. Trait personality measures require retrospection and appraisal, processes affected by cognitive changes. Ecological momentary assessments (EMA), however, may identify sensitive everyday personality markers. We analyzed data from 178 individuals aged 20-79 who completed 3 EMA measurement bursts. Each burst, participants rated positive affect (PA), negative affect (NA), negative thoughts (URT), total social interactions, and interaction pleasantness up to 5x daily for 7 days. We tested for measurement invariance across bursts in a confirmatory factor analysis using 4 indicators of Neuroticism (N; a trait measure of N from BFI and 3 EMA-based indicators: mean NA, standard deviation NA, mean URT) and 4 indicators of Extraversion (E; trait E from BFI and mean PA, mean interactions, mean pleasantness). Strict measurement invariance held, indicating that the association among these indicators remained stable across the 18 month observation period.

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Kuś, Piotr M., and Igor Jerković. "Application of the Dehydration Homogeneous Liquid–Liquid Extraction (DHLLE) Sample Preparation Method for Fingerprinting of Honey Volatiles." Molecules 26, no. 8 (2021): 2277. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26082277.

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Recently, we proposed a new sample preparation method involving reduced solvent and sample usage, based on dehydration homogeneous liquid–liquid extraction (DHLLE) for the screening of volatiles and semi-volatiles from honey. In the present research, the method was applied to a wide range of honeys (21 different representative unifloral samples) to determine its suitability for detecting characteristic honey compounds from different chemical classes. GC-FID/MS disclosed 130 compounds from different structural and chemical groups. The DHLLE method allowed the extraction and identification of a wide range of previously reported specific and nonspecific marker compounds belonging to different chemical groups (including monoterpenes, norisoprenoids, benzene derivatives, or nitrogen compounds). For example, DHLLE allowed the detection of cornflower honey chemical markers: 3-oxo-retro-α-ionols, 3,4-dihydro-3-oxoedulan, phenyllactic acid; coffee honey markers: theobromine and caffeine; linden honey markers: 4-isopropenylcyclohexa-1,3-diene-1-carboxylic acid and 4-(2-hydroxy-2-propanyl)cyclohexa-1,3-diene-1-carboxylic acid, as well as furan derivatives from buckwheat honey. The obtained results were comparable with the previously reported data on markers of various honey varieties. Considering the application of much lower volumes of very common reagents, DHLLE may provide economical and ecological advantages as an alternative sample preparation method for routine purposes.

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Schroeder, Hilke, and Birgit Kersten. "A Small Set of Nuclear Markers for Reliable Differentiation of the Two Closely Related Oak Species Quercus Robur and Q. Petraea." Plants 12, no. 3 (2023): 566. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants12030566.

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Quercus robur and Q. petraea are, in addition to Fagus sylvatica, the main economically used deciduous tree species in Europe. Identification of these two species is crucial because they differ in their ecological demands. Because of a changing climate, foresters must know more than ever which species will perform better under given environmental conditions. The search for differentiating molecular markers between these two species has already lasted for decades. Until now, differentiation has only been possible in approaches with a combination of several molecular markers and a subsequent statistical analysis to calculate the probability of being one or the other species. Here, we used MiSeq Illumina data from pools of Q. robur and Q. petraea specimens and identified nuclear SNPs and small InDels versus the Q. robur reference genome. Selected sequence variants with 100% allele frequency difference between the two pools were further validated in an extended set of Q. robur and Q. petraea specimens, and then the number of markers was deliberately reduced to the smallest possible set for species differentiation. A combination of six markers from four nuclear regions is enough to identify Q. robur, Q. petraea or hybrids between these two species quite well and represents a marker set that is cost-efficient and useable in every laboratory.

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Azmir, I. A., I. S. Md-Yasin, and Y. Esa. "Microsatellite Marker Mining Using PCR-Based Isolation of Microsatellite Arrays (PIMA) Method on Blue-Spotted Mudskipper, Boleophthalmus Boddarti." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 995, no. 1 (2022): 012051. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/995/1/012051.

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Abstract Microsatellites are small and are codominant markers that can be amplified with polymerase chain reaction. Both prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms possess large amounts of the microsatellites repeat. Many microsatellites have high mutation rates that generate the high levels of allelic diversity necessary for genetic studies of processes acting on ecological time scales. The high variability of microsatellites provided the foundation for their successful application in a wide range of fundamental and applied fields of biology. However, de novo isolation is needed for most species hence in this study we tried to mine the microsatellite marker using PCR-based isolation of microsatellite arrays (PIMA) on Blue spotted mudskipper, Boleophthalmus boddarti a fish uniquely restricted to coastal and estuarine habitat was also commercially important. Out of three trials, seven microsatellite repeats were detected but only three repeat types (AAG)4, (TCAG)3 and (CT)4 can be useful as microsatellite marker following PHOBOS V3.3.12 analysis. Meanwhile, the detection of octa (AATACAT)2, penta (TGACA)2 and heptanucleotides (GGAGATA)2 were unable to be continued as functional microsatellite marker as there were missense variants and interruptions detected either on forward or reverse strand of the repeat. Thus, PIMA method could be considered as tedious and detected low yields of microsatellite markers. Nevertheless, the conventional method for generating microsatellite markers from PCR based methods could be done with in silico mining of microsatellite sequences from DNA sequence databases or next generation sequencing (NGS).

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EL-Banhawy, Ahmed, Carmen Acedo, Sameer Qari, and Ahmed Elkordy. "Molecular Identification and Phylogenetic Placement of Rosa arabica Crép. (Rosaceae), a Critically Endangered Plant Species." Life 10, no. 12 (2020): 335. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/life10120335.

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The Egyptian narrowly endemic and critically endangered plant species Rosa arabica Crép. was studied employing a taxonomic and molecular approach. Morphological investigations, distance analysis, and phylogenetic reconstruction revealed that R. arabica is a distinct species with great affinity to R. canina and differentiated from R. rubiginosa. Molecular identification based on the sequences of multiple markers single or in combination ITS, matK, rbcL, and trnL-F succeeded in identifying R. arabica at genus and species levels. We evaluated the potential of each marker and a combination of the nuclear ITS -Internal Transcribed Spacer- with one of the plastid markers, matK, rbcL, or trnL-F, to accurately identify Rosa species. All of them were successful in identifying R. arabica. Classification based on DNA sequences shows that R. arabica is placed within section Caninae in a clade comprising R. canina and R. rubiginosa. Moreover, R. arabica is closely related to other European Rosa species. In conclusion, our results indicate that the four DNA markers can provide species resolution in the context of the genus Rosa and relatives, aiming to characterize morphology and genetic diversity in the ecological and economically important genus Rosa.

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COLBOURNE, J. K., B. ROBISON, K. BOGART, and M. LYNCH. "Five hundred and twenty-eight microsatellite markers for ecological genomic investigations using Daphnia." Molecular Ecology Notes 4, no. 3 (2004): 485–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-8286.2004.00721.x.

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NORMAN, J. A., C. MORITZ, and C. J. LIMPUS. "Mitochondrial DNA control region polymorphisms: genetic markers for ecological studies of marine turtles." Molecular Ecology 3, no. 4 (1994): 363–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-294x.1994.tb00076.x.

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Weist, Peggy, Franziska M. Schade, Malte Damerau, et al. "Assessing SNP-markers to study population mixing and ecological adaptation in Baltic cod." PLOS ONE 14, no. 6 (2019): e0218127. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0218127.

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Méndez-Fernandez, Paula, Satie Taniguchi, Marcos C. O. Santos, et al. "Population structure of the Atlantic spotted dolphin (Stenella frontalis) inferred through ecological markers." Aquatic Ecology 54, no. 1 (2019): 21–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10452-019-09722-3.

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Bailey, Joseph K., Ron Deckert, Jennifer A. Schweitzer, et al. "Host plant genetics affect hidden ecological players: links among Populus, condensed tannins, and fungal endophyte infection." Canadian Journal of Botany 83, no. 4 (2005): 356–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b05-008.

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Recent studies have shown effects of host plant genetics on community and ecosystem processes, which makes understanding the impacts of genetically based traits on hidden or non-apparent organisms more important. Here we examined links among genetic variation in hybrid cottonwoods, plant phytochemistry, and twig fungal endophytes (i.e., a common hidden organism). We found three major patterns: (1) twig fungal endophyte infection was positively related to the introgression of Fremont cottonwood (Populus fremontii S. Wats.) RFLP genetic markers, (2) condensed tannin concentration in twig bark tissue was negatively correlated to the introgression of Fremont genetic markers, and (3) fungal endophyte infection was negatively related to condensed tannin concentration in twig bark. These data demonstrate that plant genotype can impact hidden ecological players (i.e., fungal endophytes) resulting in community and ecosystem consequences.Key words: ecological genetics, fungal endophytes, hidden players, hybridization, Populus, tannins.

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Khan, Suphiya, Swati Agarwal, Krati Singh, Anil Chuturgoon, and Ashutosh Pareek. "Molecular Fingerprinting and Phytochemical Investigation of Syzygium cumini L. from Different Agro-Ecological Zones of India." Plants 12, no. 4 (2023): 931. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants12040931.

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Syzygium cumini L. (ver Jamun; BlackBerry) is a native, evergreen multipurpose tree species of India. Besides being a fruit tree and for agroforestry in different regions, it is medicinally important too. This study aimed to determine genetic diversity using molecular and phytochemical markers in sixteen genotypes of Indian S. cumini from different agro-ecological zones. The present study used a combination of ISSR markers and the HPLC technique to explore these genotypes. The results showed a wide genetic diversity range based on the similarity coefficient values observed in S. cumini sixteen accessions from different sites. Four primary phenolic acids were discovered in all the accessions; caffeic acid (CA) was found in high concentrations. The intraspecific association between molecular and phytochemical characteristics was the primary goal of this investigation. By employing gene-specific markers for the route of secondary metabolites (polyphenols) production, it further investigated the progressive research of diversity analysis of polyphenol content in S. cumini accessions, which may also expand its nutraceutical and pharmaceutical utilization.

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MALMBERG, RUSSELL L., and RODNEY MAURICIO. "QTL-based evidence for the role of epistasis in evolution." Genetical Research 86, no. 2 (2005): 89–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0016672305007780.

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The extent to which epistasis contributes to adaptation and speciation has been a controversial topic in evolutionary genetics. One experimental approach to study epistasis is based on quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping using molecular markers. Comparisons can be made among all possible pair-wise combinations of the markers, irrespective of whether an additive QTL is associated with a marker; several software packages have been developed that facilitate this. We review several examples of using this approach to identify epistatic QTLs for traits of evolutionary or ecological interest. While there is variability in the results, the number of epistatic QTL interactions is often greater than or equal to the number of additive QTLs. The magnitude of epistatic effects can be larger than the additive effects. Thus, epistatic interactions seem to be an important part of natural genetic variation. Future studies of epistatic QTLs could lead to descriptions of the genetic networks underlying variation for fitness-related traits.

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Aggarwal, Pankhuri, Deborah L. Wiese, and Prachi Bhuptani. "Relational Ecological Model of Identity." International Perspectives in Psychology 11, no. 1 (2022): 18–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/2157-3891/a000014.

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Abstract. Although some scholars have extended the discussions on privilege and marginalization to include markers of identity that go beyond race/ethnicity, gender, and disability status, these attempts are still in their preliminary stages ( Black & Stone, 2011 ). Commonly accepted models for understanding identity (e.g., Bronfenbrenner's Ecological Systems Theory, Hays' ADDRESSING framework) have been developed by scholars in the West, with limited applicability for the unique aspects of identity development in other cultures. Additionally, these models are limited in their ability to account for complexities that have been brought about as a result of processes, including, but not limited to, globalization, urbanization, and affluence. This paper describes the different types of privileged and marginalized identities that operate in the Indian society and proposes a theoretical model for exploring identity development in India using a relational lens. Borrowing elements from existing models of identity formation and development, we highlight the commonalities as well as the unique aspects of identity in India that do not get completely captured by existing models. Therapists and trainees in the field of mental health could use the proposed model to explore the intersectionality of identities for themselves and their clients in therapy, and for their clients in their unique sociocultural and political contexts. Implications for education, training, and clinical practice are discussed.

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Șuteu, Dana, Mihai Pușcaș, Ioan Băcilă, Zoltán Robert Balázs, and Philippe Choler. "Cross-Species Transferability of Specific SSR Markers from Carex curvula (Cyperaceae) to Other Carex Species." Diversity 16, no. 2 (2024): 73. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/d16020073.

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Microsatellites are codominant markers that, due to their high polymorphism, are a common choice for detecting genetic variability in various organisms, including fungi, plants, and animals. However, the process of developing these markers is both costly and time-consuming. As a result, the cross-species amplification has become a more rapid and more affordable alternative in biological studies. The objective of this study was to assess the applicability of 13 SSR markers, originally designed for Carex curvula, in other 14 species belonging to different sections of the genus. All the markers were successfully transferred with a mean of 90.76%, and 100% transferability was reached in two species (C. baldensis and C. rupestris). The lowest transferability was registered in the G165 marker, which did not produce amplification in six species. Together, the microsatellites amplified a total of 183 alleles, ranging from 10 to 19 alleles per locus, with an average of 14.07. The mean number of different alleles ranged from 0.846 to a maximum of 2.077 per locus. No significant departures from the Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium were detected in polymorphic loci. The transferability of the 13 SSR markers proved highly successful in various Carex species, across different clades and sections of the genus.

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Smolina, Irina, S. Kollias, M. Poortvliet, et al. "Genome- and transcriptome-assisted development of nuclear insertion/deletion markers for Calanus species (Copepoda: Calanoida) identification." Molecular Ecology Resources 14, no. 5 (2014): 1072–79. https://doi.org/10.1111/1755-0998.12241.

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Copepods of the genus Calanus are key zooplankton species in temperate to arctic marine ecosystems. Despite their ecological importance, species identification remains challenging. Furthermore, the recent report of hybrids among Calanus species highlights the need for diagnostic nuclear markers to efficiently identify parental species and hybrids. Using next-generation sequencing analysis of both the genome and transcriptome from two sibling species, Calanus finmarchicus and Calanus glacialis, we developed a panel of 12 nuclear insertion/deletion markers. All the markers showed species-specific amplicon length. Furthermore, most of the markers were successfully amplified in other Calanus species, allowing the molecular identification of Calanus helgolandicus, Calanus hyperboreus and Calanus marshallae.

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Postic, Estelle, Yannick Outreman, Stéphane Derocles, Caroline Granado, and Anne Le Ralec. "Genetics of wild and mass-reared populations of a generalist aphid parasitoid and improvement of biological control." PLOS ONE 16, no. 4 (2021): e0249893. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0249893.

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Due to their ability to parasitize various insect species, generalist parasitoids are widely used as biological control agents. They can be mass-reared and released in agroecosystems to control several pest species in various crops. However, the existence of genetic differentiation among populations of generalist parasitoid species is increasingly recognized and this can be associated with an adaptation to local conditions or to a reduced range of host species. Moreover, constraints of mass-rearing conditions can alter genetic variation within parasitoid populations released. These features could be associated with a reduced efficiency of the control of targeted pest species. Here, we focused on strawberry greenhouses where the control of aphids with the generalist parasitoidAphidius erviappears to be inefficient. We investigated whether this inefficiency may have both genetic and ecological bases comparing wild and commercial populations ofA.ervi. We used two complementary genetic approaches: one based on the mitochondrial marker COI and one based on microsatellite markers. COI analysis showed a genetic differentiation within theA.ervispecies, but the structure was neither associated with the commercial/wild status nor with host species factors. On the other hand, using microsatellite markers, we showed a genetic differentiation between commercial and wildA.ervipopulations associated with a loss of genetic diversity within the mass-reared populations. Our ecological genetics study may potentially explain the weak efficiency of biological control of aphids in protected strawberry crops and enable to provide some insights to improve biological control.

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Kirik, Heli, Lea Tummeleht, Tobias Lilja, and Olavi Kurina. "Novel Mitochondrial DNA Lineage Found among Ochlerotatus communis (De Geer, 1776) of the Nordic-Baltic Region." Insects 11, no. 6 (2020): 397. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects11060397.

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The Ochlerotatus (Oc.) communis complex consist of three Northern American species as well as a common Holarctic mosquito (Diptera: Culicidae) Oc. communis (De Geer, 1776). These sister species exhibit important ecological differences and are capable of transmitting various pathogens, but cannot always be differentiated by morphological traits. To investigate the Oc. communis complex in Europe, we compared three molecular markers (COI, ND5 and ITS2) from 54 Estonian mosquitoes as well as two COI marker sequences from Sweden. These sequences were subjected to phylogenetic analysis and screened for Wolbachia Hertig and Wolbach symbionts. Within and between groups, distances were calculated for each marker to better understand the relationships among individuals. Results demonstrate that a group of samples, extracted from adult female mosquitoes matching the morphology of Oc. communis, show a marked difference from the main species when comparing the mitochondrial markers COI and ND5. However, there is no variance between the same specimens when considering the nuclear ITS2. We conclude that Oc. communis encompasses two distinct mitochondrial DNA lineages in the Nordic-Baltic region. Further research is needed to investigate the origin and extent of these genetic differences.

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Rahaman, Sabdar, Pankaj Kumar Singh, Protip Basu, Sohini Gupta, Monojit Basu, and Sayak Ganguli. "Isolation and Computational Characterization of Glutathione Peroxidase Gene from an Aquatic Fern - Salvinia molesta ." International Letters of Natural Sciences 51 (February 2016): 58–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.18052/www.scipress.com/ilns.51.58.

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Pteridophytes and more specifically ferns represent a large but threatened group of plants which often serve as important environmental markers for pollution. Reports regarding stress responses in ferns are rare, apart from a few studies involving the ecological distribution and molecular marker studies. This work isolates a glutathione peroxidase enzyme from an aquatic fern widely distributed in fresh and polluted water bodies adjacent to sources of environmental polluted sources. Further computational analyses were performed to study the structure of the protein encoded by the open reading frame. Results indicate the presence of a large number of binding pockets which serve as important binding sites in the interactions with the cognate ligands.

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