Dissertations / Theses: 'Ecological Psychology'

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Schlutsmeyer, Mark W. "An Ecological Approach to Personal Construct Psychology." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2005. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1122491629.

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Warren, Peter E. "Social being: Social psychology in ecological perspective." Thesis, Warren, Peter E. (2001) Social being: Social psychology in ecological perspective. PhD thesis, Murdoch University, 2001. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/50569/.

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Social psychology has a short history characterized by paradigmatic neglect: The philosophical presumptions upon which it is based lie implicit in the research programme and dictate the analytical agenda. Psychological social psychology produces the predominant analytical perspective, social cognition. Two minor perspectives, sociological symbolic interactionism and postmodernist social constructionism, make a significant historical contribution to research. The three perspectives have divergent topical interests and contrasting analytical styles, yet all three share a common paradigmatic basis: Secular Cartesianism. Secular Cartesianism is Cartesianism without Descartes’s transcendental link to Nature’s truth. In the absence of God, secular Cartesianism relies exclusively on thinking in the unitary conscious (human) mind to provide the source of existential agency in organic existence. Accordingly, cognition is a human phenomenon that arises in the mind as a function of the biological complexity of the brain. The mind is the sole repository of psychological existence. There is neither an existential bond among humans through a direct link to God, nor an existential bond among organisms through a link to organic process. Secular Cartesian cognition abstracts itself from organic process to be Nature’s awareness of itself. To know its secular Cartesian self then the human abstracts itself from Nature as unitary cognition, regulating itself for the sake of the ‘they’ of transcendence. This is the human knowing Being-standing-without-worldhood, engulfed by concern for supremacy fitness. Secular Cartesian social psychology analyses the personified existence of unitary cognition, implicitly constructing sociality as a phenomenological add-on to psychological existence. Sociality pertains to the (abstracted) Other that existentially opposes unitary cognition. Cognition in a social context is personified existence behaving itself in the face of the Other, towards the optimization of unitary self-interest. Social behaviour is (human) conduct in the social contexts of (abstracted) personified existence. Social psychology in ecological perspective identifies the social nature of psychological phenomena by establishing existential interdependency in organic process. In the absence of secular Cartesianism, cognition manifests itself in ecological confluence with organic interdependency. (Organic) cognition is ecological awareness in organic process. Individual (organic) cognition is the psychological aspect of cognition, and pertains to interdependent systems of individuality in ecological awareness. To know its ecological self then the organism owns itself as an interdependent aspect of (organic) cognition, realizing itself as an ecological issue. This is the organism under-standing Being (i.e., knowing Being-standing-withinworldhood), embodied in concern for environmental fitness. Ecological social psychology analyses personal existence in individual (organic) cognition, and thereby identifies sociality in psychological phenomena. Sociality pertains to the relational existentiality of the organism and its environment. Individual (organic) cognition emerges from the biological sensitivity for existential individuation in organic interdependency. It is psychological phenomena in social process. In (owned) personal existence, the organism realizes itself as ecological awareness in individual existence, towards the optimization of ecological self-interest. Social being is awareness of self-interest in the ecological niche of (owned) personal existence.

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VandenBerghe, Rose A. "Ecological narcissism and the denial of death." Thesis, Pacifica Graduate Institute, 2014. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3614288.

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This theoretical dissertation uses a hermeneutic methodology to weave together three strands--ecopsychology, narcissism, and death denial--to explore ecological narcissism, defined as the tendency of humans in technologically advanced cultures to be so self-absorbed as to be unable to see anything in nature except objects that might satisfy their own needs. The study responds to 3 research questions: How is ecological narcissism related to the denial of death? Does ecological narcissism, with its denial of death, play a role in our destruction of the environment? And, how might we mitigate ecological narcissism and renew a more life-sustaining attitude towards death? It posits that beneath the confident, manic façade of modern cultures lurks fear of death masquerading as death denial. Ecological narcissism co-arises with this fear as the offspring of human belief in separation from nature. The study examines the theories developed by Berman, Hillman, and Shepard to account for how humanity has come to feel separate from nature. It proposes that ecological narcissism and death denial support us in perceiving nonhuman created environments as a collection of objects devoid of the sentience and subjectivity credited to humans. Such a perceptual orientation is interested in the answer to only one question: Do these objects (which might include elephants, oaks, and oceans) help further human life? If so, we feel free to use them, and if not, we feel free to destroy them. A final conclusion of this study is that one way in which humans might move towards a more life-sustaining attitude towards nature and death is through an increase in direct experience of wilderness "out there" and "in here" (within one's psyche). Practitioners of depth psychotherapy therefore have an opportunity to support a welcoming attitude towards wild forces within and beyond us, which in turn may support a cultural transition from the prevailing attitude of narcissistic entitlement to a maturity recognizing human relationship with all nature.

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Arnold, Christopher B. "Inferred Statistics and Ecological Validity in Bayesian Reasoning." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1521816469920848.

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Chan, Anne. "Best practices of outstanding mentors in psychology : an ecological, relational, and multicultural model /." May be available electronically:, 2008. http://proquest.umi.com/login?COPT=REJTPTU1MTUmSU5UPTAmVkVSPTI=&clientId=12498.

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Forchelli, Gina Anna. "Construction and Validation of an Ecological Measure of Working Memory." Diss., Temple University Libraries, 2015. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/314763.

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School Psychology
Ph.D.
Working memory (WM) has been closely linked to learning and achievement in children (Gathercole et al., 2004). The Forchelli Following Directions Task (FFDT) is a 15-item group-administered screener designed to assess working memory ability in school-aged children. The FFDT was developed to address the need for early identification of children with working memory difficulty. It specifically focuses on the need for easily administered and ecologically valid assessment. The FFDT was developed based on tasks cited in research to assess WM. The measure was developed across three iterations after receiving continual review from research experts in working memory and a group of three elementary school teachers. It also was piloted by three elementary school children to assess group-administration considerations. Participants in the validation study were 70 elementary school students 5 to 10 years of age spanning kindergarten to third grade were recruited from schools in the greater Philadelphia area. Participants were administered the group-administered working memory screener and completed individually administered measures of working memory, the WISC-IV Digit Span and Spatial Span, for comparison. Parents and teachers also completed behavior rating scales (i.e., BRIEF) measuring working memory. The FFDT demonstrated a sufficient Alpha's coefficient, indicating internal consistency. Significant Pearson correlations were found between existing measures of WM and the FFDT, indicating that the FFDT measures WM ability to a similar extent. The FFDT demonstrated good sensitivity to age and grade, as well. Further, the results of a ROC analysis comparing the identification of WM difficulty on the FFDT to existing measures of WM demonstrated a low to moderate effect. Overall, results indicate that the FFDT exhibited good reliability and validity. The anecdotal support of elementary school teachers and time efficiency of the task compared to existing WM measures also suggests good ecological validity. This study also demonstrated the utility of the FDDT in populations within a Response to Intervention (RtI) framework. Further research will be challenged to investigate the FFDT further scrutinize the construct validity and demonstrate significance in a larger, more representative sample of students.
Temple University--Theses

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Matt, Alissa Anne Haedt. "Ecological momentary assessment of purging disorder." Diss., University of Iowa, 2012. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/3348.

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Purging Disorder (PD) is characterized by purging after normal or small amounts of food among individuals who are not underweight. Several studies indicate that PD is associated with distress and impairment, underscoring the need for intervention. However, little is known about factors that trigger and maintain purging in PD. This study examined antecedents and consequences of purging using Ecological Momentary Assessment (EMA), a design that involved repeated assessments of current psychological states in participants' natural environments. Women with PD (N = 24) were recruited from the community to make multiple daily ratings of affect, shape/weight concerns, violation of dietary rules, and stomach discomfort using random-, interval-, and event-contingent recordings over a two-week period. Multilevel model analyses were used to examine between-day differences (purge versus non-purge day) and within-day changes in psychological variables relative to purging behavior. Results supported study hypotheses that negative affect and shape/weight concerns would be higher and positive affect would be lower on days when participants purged compared to days they did not purge. In addition, antecedent analyses supported within-day increases in negative affect, shape/weight concerns, and stomach discomfort prior to purging; however, only changes in positive affect and shape/weight concerns on purge days differed from naturally-occurring changes observed on non-purge days. For consequence analyses, negative affect, shape/weight concerns, and stomach discomfort decreased following purging on purge days, and trajectories of change were significantly different from non-purge days. Finally, exploratory analyses suggested that lower levels of impulsivity enhanced associations between antecedent affect and purging. These data are crucial to understand why women with PD purge after consuming normal or small amounts of food and may point to specific targets for the development of effective interventions.

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Wright, Kevin Andrew. "The importance of ecological context for correctional treatment programs." Pullman, Wash. : Washington State University, 2010. http://www.dissertations.wsu.edu/Dissertations/Spring2010/k_wright_041510.pdf.

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Eisenlohr-Moul, Tory Anne. "SELF-REGULATION AND LIVER FUNCTION: EXPANDING AN ECOLOGICAL MODEL." UKnowledge, 2011. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/gradschool_theses/156.

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Under conditions of high self-regulatory effort, peripheral organ systems have been found to slow, potentially to rearrange energetic priorities in favor of the brain. The present study tested an expansion of this model by exploring the possibility that alcohol metabolism (i.e., liver function) may slow during self-regulation. We also anticipated that high trait self-control would attenuate the effect of condition on metabolism. Twelve males aged 21-25 completed two conditions in counterbalanced order. During each session, the participant received 0.33 ml/kg of absolute alcohol for a target peak blood alcohol concentration (BAC) of 0.03 g%. Participants then performed tasks (self-regulatory tasks in the high self-regulation condition and identical tasks without a self-regulatory component in the low self-regulation condition) and BAC was measured throughout. Although there was no main effect of condition, trait self-regulation moderated the effect of condition on alcohol metabolism such that only those with lower trait self-control had slower alcohol metabolism under high self-regulatory effort. These results provide support for the hypothesis that liver function may indeed be altered by self-regulatory effort. In addition to suggesting the liver as a target organ for psychophysiological research, these data provide further support for slowing of peripheral systems during high self-regulatory demand.

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Gretak, Alyssa P., and Jill D. Stinson. "Social Ecological Factors as Predictors of Sexual Crimes." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2020. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/7919.

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Predicting crime trends via individual and community level-factors associated with crime is common across criminology, public health, and psychology. From social disorganization theory, crime rates are linked to neighborhood ecological characteristics that may shape the occurrence of illegal activities. Expanding this view, Shaw and McKay (1969) and Sampson (1993) emphasized the role of appropriate parental supervision and stable familial homes in reducing crime. Bursik and Grasmick (1993) further highlighted the influence of structural factors such as poverty and divorce. Social disorganization theory includes a discussion of systems within the social ecological model, three of which will be discussed. The micro system (immediate environment) involves factors like family. The mesosystem is where microsystems link, such as between family and community. Lastly, the exosystem (indirect environment) captures larger structures (e.g., economic influences) which help create the built environment comprised of the neighborhood and social services. These levels overlap and may provide information related to specific factors predictive of crime. Health-related quality of life (HRQOL) is a multi-dimensional concept that encapsulates physical, mental, emotional, and social functioning and has been used for risk factor identification (Yin, Njai, Barker, Siegel, & Liao, 2016). In the social ecological model, HRQOL exists in the micro (e.g., child abuse, intimate partner violence), meso (e.g., prenatal care), and exosystems (e.g., neighborhood poverty). For example, a host of research has discussed the contribution of neighborhood disadvantages to increased intimate partner violence rates (Miller-Graff & Graham Bermann, 2014), while other studies have found economic disadvantage and violent crime to negatively impact birthweight (Masi, Hawkley, Piotrowski, & Pickett, 2007). Although these factors, along with others like drug use and various health factors, have been linked to violent crime, the exploration of social ecological predictors for sexual crimes has been comparatively neglected. In a systematic review of risk factors for sexual crime perpetration, Tharp and colleagues (2014) examined 191 empirical studies and identified two societal and community factors (gender-based factors like female education level and environmental factors like homicide rates), 23 relationship factors, and 42 individual-level risk factors for sexual crime perpetration. To attain a better understanding of the potential range of predictors of sexual crime, the current study will utilize data extracted from two publicly available data bases. The first is the Tennessee Bureau of Investigations (TBI) database, which includes crime statistics for each of the 95 counties in Tennessee. Reported number of crimes against persons in 2018 will be examined in the current analysis with variables categorized as either sexual (n=7 offense categories) or violent, non-sexual (n=11 offense categories) crimes. Violent non-sexual crimes will be collapsed into one variable to serve as the comparison group. The second data base, County Health Rankings and Roadmaps, provides data on health factors contributing to quality of life. For all Tennessee counties, 11 community variables will be included. These factors were selected because they reach across the social ecological levels of micro (e.g., single-parent households, teen births, low birthweight), meso (e.g., substance use factors, health factors including mortality and insurance), and exosystems (e.g., children in poverty, disconnected youth). A multinomial logistical regression will be conducted to investigate whether specific community level factors predict the rate of sexual crime beyond the prediction of violent, non-sexual crime. The overall model significance will be examined by the collective effect of the community level predictors. A key factor in promoting community safety while simultaneously preventing sexual violence involves comprehensive strategies that stretch the range of social ecology. Less is known about predictors of sexual violence than those of other crimes. Further, more research has examined individual-level factors related to sexual crime perpetration. A more nuanced understanding of predictors of sexual violence at social ecological levels can assist in the development of more comprehensive prevention and intervention programs that target multiple levels of risk.

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Vittorio, Lisa Nicole. "Emotion regulation in daily life: Ecological momentary assessment of anxious and depressed individuals." The Ohio State University, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1594809418587681.

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Boltz, Marilyn Gail. "An expectancy model of judged duration : an ecological perspective /." The Ohio State University, 1986. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487261553058635.

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Patton, Paul. "Ecological realism, prediction, and a new understanding of perception." Thesis, Indiana University, 2014. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1561403.

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The psychologist J. J. Gibson, and later the enactivists, espoused a view of perception emphasized active sensory exploration, and the biological functions perception serves. They tended to neglect the internal complexity of perceptual systems. Neuroscientists and computer vision researchers, on the other hand, focus on the complex structure and inner workings of perceptual systems, to the neglect of biological and behavioral context. Here I will formulate a version of ecological realism which reconciles and critiques these seemingly disparate approaches.

I argue that the objects of perception are relational invariant structures preserved within the changing flux of perceptual input. The function of perception is to enable appropriate behavior with respect to affordances, which are objective three-way relations between worldly features, animal abilities, and animal needs. The invariant relationships perceived tend to be those which signify affordance relationships for the species and individual in question.

The perception-action cycle is but one example of the circular dynamics of perceptual systems. The neural portions of such systems are also in a state of constant feed-forward and feedback dynamical interaction with one another. These dynamics confer an active autonomy on perceptual systems as manifested by phenomena like dreams, hallucinations, and perceptual illusions. Metaphorically, such systems may function to constantly formulate and test hypotheses about affordances based on perceptual evidence and prior categorical experience. Hierarchical predictive models of perception, in which perceptual systems consist of a hierarchy of Bayesian statistical predictors, represent a possible means by which this metaphor might be crafted into a testable scientific hypothesis. Perception, even if it involves actively autonomous perceptual systems coping with ambiguous input, is epistemically reliable most of the time, because it is constantly tested by action. Perceptual states are true or valid if they bear an appropriate relationship to objective affordance relationships, and false or invalid if they do not. These views require a reformulation of the venerable distinction between `direct' and `indirect' perception. Perception is ontologically direct in the sense of dealing in objective relationships in the world, but justificationally indirect in the sense of requiring an argument that perceptual beliefs are generally epistemically reliable.

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Venero, Peter. "AN ECOLOGICAL INVESTIGATION INTO THE EFFECTS OF INTERFACE ON ASYNCHRONOUS GROUP CONVERSATIONS." Wright State University / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wright1334864194.

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Jhaveri, Sonera. "Unconscious ecological alienation and its impact on the psychesoma| A study in psychophysiology and hermeneutic phenomenology." Thesis, California Institute of Integral Studies, 2014. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3606928.

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Although there have been studies on the nocuous effects caused by human destruction of nature and the oppression of the man-made environment, there is scarce mention of the subliminal dimensions of this ecological alienation, or the dissociation or lack of self-reflexivity regarding one's embodied responses to the surrounding world. This inquiry explores the dissonance between documented psycho-physiological responses and psycho- emotional disconnection. It bridges the registers of the pre-reflective and reflective; conscious and unconscious. The study is of mixed method design and was conducted in Mumbai, India. Data gathering occurred by recording psycho-physiological responses to experimental stimuli consisting of randomized images of normalized ecological destruction with the aid of physiological monitoring, and through semi-structured interviews using the hermeneutic phenomenological method. It was found that often, individuals defensively organize around being unaware and split off from their psychesomas, when confronted with ecological destruction.

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Baggs, Edward. "Acting in a populated environment : an ecological realist enquiry into speaking and collaborating." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/16200.

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The thesis seeks to develop an account of collaborative activities within the framework of ecological realism—an approach to psychology developed by James J. Gibson in the course of work on visual perception. Two main questions are addressed; one ontological, and one methodological. The ontological question is: given that collaborative activities take place within an environment, what kinds of structure must this environment contain? The response emphasizes the importance of relations which exist between entities, and which connect a given perceiver-actor with the other objects and individuals in its surroundings, and with the relations between those entities. It is held that activities take place within a field of relations. This description draws on the radical empiricist doctrine that relations are real, are external, and are directly perceivable. The present proposal insists that, in addition to being directly perceivable, relations can also be directly acted upon: throwing a ball for a dog is acting on a relation between dog and ball in space. The relational field account of collaboration naturally extends to an account of speaking: people, through their history of acting in an environment populated by other speakers, come to stand in a set of relations with objects and events around them, and these relations can be directly acted upon by others through the use of verbal actions. Verbal actions serve to direct the attention of others to relevant aspects of the environment, and this allows us as speakers to coordinate and manage one another’s activity. The methodological question is this: granting that the environment may be structured as a field of relations, how are we to conduct our empirical investigations, such that we can ask precise questions which lead to useful insights about how a given collaborative activity is carried out in practice? The central issue here concerns the concept of the task. Psychologists are in the habit of using this term quite loosely, to denote the actions of an individual or a group, in a laboratory or outside. This creates confusion in discussions of collaborative phenomena: who is the agent of a ‘collaborative task’? The definition offered here states that a task is a researcher-defined unit of study that corresponds to a change in the structure of the environment that has a characteristic pattern and that is meaningful from the first-person perspective of a particular actor. On this definition, the task is a tool that allows ecological psychologists to carve up the problem space into specific, tractable questions; the task is the equivalent of the cognitivist’s mental module. Task-oriented psychology encourages us to ask the question: which specific resources is the individual making use of in controlling this particular activity? The methodology is developed through an examination of the alarm calling behaviour of vervet monkeys, which is explained in terms of actions on the relational field, and through an analysis of corpus data from a laboratory-based collaborative assembly game. The relational field model promises to provide a way of studying social and collaborative activities on ecological realist principles. The concluding chapter identifies two particular areas in which the model might fruitfully be developed: in the study of learning, and in the theory of designing objects and spaces for interaction.

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Jones, Kelley Simmons. "Childhood Sexual Behavior: An Integrated Developmental Ecological Assessment Approach." Antioch University / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=antioch1463340188.

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Gahagan, Beatrice Claire. "In search of an ecological consciousness : the significance of nature as a unique aesthetic realm." Thesis, University of Sussex, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.307727.

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Saraw, Sanjit. "Child protection : an ecological perspective to assessment and treatment." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2010. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/937/.

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The term “Child Protection” encompasses a complex interplay of factors that must be ecologically considered in managing, assessing and treating children and young people. Research indicates that those children and young people displaying sexually harmful behaviour are more likely to have been subject to adverse childhood experiences. The ecological model emphasises that it must be considered in the context of the individual child and parent factors, the relationship between child and parent factors, and their relationship with outside pressures and influences. Previous assessment has focused on the historical and individual factors related to risk of re-offending. More recently, the focus has shifted to a dynamic, strength-based perspective that allows for the consideration of the transitional processes that distinguish children and young people from adults who sexually offend. The current thesis is divided into six chapters that guide the reader through an ecological perspective of early childhood experiences, environmental and contextual experiences, and dynamic and static concerns and strengths in predicting further sexually harmful behaviour. A critique of psychometric assessment focuses on parenting stress from a child, parent and interactional perspective, whilst an empirical research study explores the array of risk and protective factors relating to risk of reoffending, and the use of an actuarial assessment in guiding management and treatment. Finally an individual case study of an adolescent‘s assessment and therapy following sexually harmful behaviour is presented. In line with international perspectives of assessment and interventions that work with this population, consistent support is found for the use of an ecological model in the assessment, management and treatment of children and young people, and discussed in the context of limitations of the thesis and clinical implications within the United Kingdom.

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Gillies, Liam Andrew. "The cognitive model of voices in psychosis : ecological validation of the social ranking perspective." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2012. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/3661/.

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Influential cognitive models of distressing symptoms in psychosis have been informed by evolutionary-based Social Ranking Theory. Social ranking theory views the formation and maintenance of symptoms as being significantly defined by ‘social mentalities’ that are operational during everyday social processes, such as when we compare ourselves to others. One framework of psychotic symptoms which has incorporated this social evolutionary perspective is the cognitive model of voices. The introduction of this thesis gives an overview of the nature of psychosis, and argues affective dysfunction and emotional factors are now included as a dimension of psychosis. It also draws attention to auditory hallucinations and persecutory beliefs and models of these symptoms are outlined. The cognitive model of voices is described and beliefs about the nature of voices, including their supposed omnipotence and power, are argued to be the critical determinants of affective and behavioural outcomes in voice hearers. For persecutory delusions, the deservedness of persecution is highlighted as a pertinent construct. The evolutionary basis of social defeat and rank is also outlined. Particular attention is drawn to the Involuntary Defeat Strategy (IDS) which is argued to automatically escalate when an individual encounters defeat and they perceive their social status to be lowered. The IDS is argued to be a dynamic mechanism, which may be attenuated when defeat is accepted. The current thesis is based on the rationale that the IDS is implemented in psychotic onset, affective dysfunction arising from the experience of psychosis, positive symptomology and relapse. Specifically, it argues that the specific nature of the IDS within the cognitive model of voices remains underdeveloped: there is a paucity of behavioural and ecologically valid support for the role of the core elements of the IDS contributing to beliefs and behavioural outcomes in relation to voices.

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Krafft, Jennifer. "Using Ecological Momentary Assessment to Clarify the Function of Hoarding." DigitalCommons@USU, 2018. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/7336.

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Experts have argued that hoarding disorder occurs in part because hoarding behaviors help individuals avoid distress and feel positive emotions in the moment. For example, when people who hoard choose to save something rather than discard it, they may avoid feelings of anxiety, and when people who hoard acquire something new, they may feel excited. However, no previous studies have examined whether or not these changes actually occur in the moment. These processes could also potentially be altered by how individuals respond to their emotions in the moment. For example, individuals who hoard may have stronger emotional reactions, distinguish less between different emotions, tend to avoid their emotions more, or tend to be inattentive of their experience, which could change how their emotions in the moment affect their behavior. Therefore, this study examined whether or not the anticipated effects of hoarding behaviors on mood occurred, and whether or not there were differences between those with higher and lower hoarding scores on how they respond to their emotions, in a sample of 61 college students. Participants completed two online surveys one week apart, and responded to questions on their mobile phone throughout the week. As expected, the students with higher hoarding scores had stronger emotional reactions to stress, avoided their emotions more often, and were less attentive to their ongoing experience. Both those with higher hoarding scores and lower hoarding scores vi reported that they acquired new items primarily to feel good. However, acquiring, discarding, working with items, and looking for items did not change either group’s mood in the moment. Overall, these findings suggest that people who hoard do have differences in how they respond to their emotions, which could mean that treatments that target these responses may be useful for these people. They also show the importance of understanding why working to put yourself in a good mood through acquiring is problematic for some people and not others, and suggest that there may be a difference between how these behaviors are intended to perform and their actual results.

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Hill, William Trey. "A comparison of ecological and evolutionary models of decisions under risk." Diss., Kansas State University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/15531.

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Doctor of Philosophy
Department of Psychological Sciences
Gary L. Brase
Risky decision making occurs in both humans and non-human animals. For a large portion of the history of scientific investigation into human judgment and decision making, risky behavior has been viewed as flawed and irrational. However, the past several decades have seen advances in the view of human rationality. Scientists have suggested that, rather than using probability theory as the metric by which humans are judged as rational or irrational, human minds should be evaluated with respect to specific ecologies (e.g., Gigerenzer & Selten, 2001) with some scientists going further and specifying the ecologies as those which our ancestors evolved; essentially, our minds and their decision processes are adapted to solve specific recurring problems, and to solve those problems in specific environments. Within the domain of risky decision making there are a number of theories and models which are consistent with the hypothesis that human (and non-human) minds are molded for specific behavioral patterns based on environmental cues. One example is the priority heuristic. The priority heuristic is based in the ecological rationality approach—that heuristics are designed for specific ecologies. However, the ecological rationality of the priority heuristic is underspecified. Studies One and Two of the present dissertation compared predictions made by two models of risk-taking from evolutionary biology and behavioral ecology (dominance theory and risk-sensitive foraging) with a variety of predictions made by the priority heuristic. Data clearly showed that risk-sensitive foraging outperforms the priority heuristic (Study One) and that the priority heuristic cannot account for the motivation to acquire a minimum number of resources. Study Two showed mixed results for the priority heuristic when compared to dominance theory. Specifically, choice patterns were consistent with the priority heuristic, but process data in the form of decision times were not consistent with the priority heuristic. Also, the data pointed to a strong effect for desiring higher status when competing against others of varying status. Study Three compared four potential models of risky decision making in an attempt to extend the pattern of results from Studies One and Two showing general risk-sensitivity when attempting to achieve a specified need level (Money for Study One; Status for Study Two). Also, Study Three attempted to clarify the scope of the pattern of general risk-sensitivity by examining differential patterns of results based on whether the models predicted motivations to achieve need levels for money, status, or both. Results from Study Three were consistent with a general model of risk-sensitivity which operated on both monetary need levels and status need levels. This effect was additionally ubiquitous for males and females, contrary to predictions by dominance theory. The data from three studies showed support for a general model of risk-sensitivity consistent with those proposed by others (Mishra, 2010). The concept and implications of this general risk-sensitivity model are discussed, as well as future directions to understand the finer details and potential scope of this particular general risk-sensitivity model.

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Wernert, Sean Patrick. "The Socio-ecological Influences of College Bullying Behavior: A Phenomenological Study of Student Perceptions." University of Toledo / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1492181086501224.

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Hägglund, Solveig. "Sex-typing and development in an ecological perspective." Göteborg, Sweden : Acta Universitatis Gothoburgensis, 1986. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/14586360.html.

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Truelove, Heather Barnes. "An investigation of the psychology of global warming perceptions, predictors of behavior, and the persuasiveness of ecological footprint calculators /." Pullman, Wash. : Washington State University, 2009. http://www.dissertations.wsu.edu/Dissertations/Summer2009/H_Truelove_082209.pdf.

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Juslin, Peter. "An ecological model of realism of confidence in one's general knowledge." Uppsala : S. Academiae Upsaliensis : Distributor, Almquist & Wiksell International, 1993. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/30406741.html.

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Rheinscheld, Timothy L. "A study of the ecological validity of laboratory assessment methods of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder with children of subnormal intelligence /." The Ohio State University, 1994. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487849377296089.

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Nikolova, Atanaska. "Visual selection as an object-oriented mechanism : an ecological perspective towards the primacy of objects over space." Thesis, Cardiff University, 2016. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/97640/.

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The visual world consists of objects. Planning or performing actions requires some form of engagement with an object. This requirement has shaped our perceptual systems to be highly tuned to ‘objecthood’ and construct objects from minimal available information. This project aimed to explore to what extent the importance of objects influences visual selection: the mechanism that prioritises the necessary information subsets in order to perform an action, and investigate on what basis this information is prioritised. Current visual selection theories argue prioritisation is accomplished as a combination between space-based and object-based mechanisms, with space having a prime role in how information is selected from the environment. This project proposes an alternative view, suggesting selection is a fully object-oriented mechanism and space-based effects are a consequence of object-based selection. This possibility was tested in three empirical chapters with the use of cueing paradigms, in the context of immediate perceptual decisions (luminance change identification), and colour change detection involving visuo-spatial short term memory. The key premise is that there is an intrinsic link between the spatial separation of any two points and the likelihood they belong to the same object. If these points are perceived to be within the same object, visual selection is not affected by the distance between them and they are equally prioritised for action. Prioritisation level decreases with increasing distance only when this likelihood of object- belongingness is low, because points closer together have a higher probability to originate from the same object. The current work tested this premise by varying independently object-belongingness and spatial proximity of cue-target stimuli pairs. Results indicated that visual selection is fully object-oriented and can be distance-independent. It is proposed that the perceptual system assesses the probability that information is integrated into potential objects, and then prioritises selection based on this object-belongingness probability.

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au, Aung Myint@correctiveservices wa gov, and Aung Myint. "Theravada Treatment and Psychotherapy: An Ecological Integration of Buddhist Tripartite Practice and Western Rational Analysis." Murdoch University, 2007. http://wwwlib.murdoch.edu.au/adt/browse/view/adt-MU20071130.121741.

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An assertion that psychotherapy is an independent science and a self-authority on human mind and behaviour has uprooted its connection with philosophy and religion. In practice, the scientist-practitioner model of psychotherapy, a seemingly dualistic model, prefers determinism of science to free will of choice in humans. In particular, the model does not see reason and emotion as co-conditioning causes of human behaviour and suffering within the interdependent aggregates of self, other, and environment. Instead, it argues for wrong reasoning as the cause of emotional suffering. In Western thought, such narrative began at the arrival of scripted language and abstract thought in Greek antiquity that has led psychotherapy to think ignorantly that emotions are un-reasonable therefore they are irrational. Only rational thinking can effectively remove un-reasonable emotions. This belief creates confusion between rational theory and rational method of studying change in emotion because of the belief that science cannot objectively measure emotions. As a result, rational epistemologies that are ignorant of moral and metaphysical issues in human experience have multiplied. These epistemologies not only construct an unchanging rational identity, but also uphold the status of permanent self-authority. Fortunately, recent developmental psychology and cognitive neuroscience research have quashed such ideas of permanent self-identity and authority. Buddhist theory of Interdependent Arising and Conditional Relations sees such identity and authority as arisen together with deluded emotional desires of greed and hatred. These desires co-condition interdependent states of personal feeling and perception (metaphysics), conceptual thinking and consciousness (epistemology) and formation of (moral) emotion and action within the context of self other-environment matrix. Moral choices particularly highlight the intentional or the Aristotelian final cause of action derived from healthy desires by valued meaning makings and interpretations. Theravada formulation aims to end unhealthy desires and develop the healthy ones within the matrix including the client-clinician-therapeutic environment contexts. Theravada treatment guides a tripartite approach of practicing empathic ethics, penetrating focus and reflective understanding, which integrates ecologically with Western rational analysis. It also allows scientific method of studying change in emotion by applying the theory of defective desires. In addition, interdependent dimensions of thinking and feeling understood from Theravada perspective present a framework for developing theory and treatment of self disorders. Thus, Theravada treatment not only allows scientific method of studying change in emotion and provides an interdependent theory and treatment but also ecologically integrates with Western rational analysis. Moreover, Theravada approach offers an open framework for further development of theoretical and treatment models of psychopathology classified under Western nomenclature.

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Rydin-Gray, Sofia H. "Binge eating antecedents among female college students: An ecological momentary assessment study." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1166198533.

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Maltese, Tsai Kelly L. "An Ecological Model of Academic Negative Prediction Defiance in College Students." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2008. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/psych_diss/50.

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Pathways to becoming a college student are as numbered and varied as college students themselves. For some people, the pathway to college is marked by barriers, such as negative messages received by the student regarding their abilities to attend college and/or the likelihood that they will get to attend college. On one hand, research suggests that children and adolescents internalize these negative messages, which then have the potential to block achievement in higher education. On the other hand, the general body of resilience research suggests that youth can overcome challenges and defy negative influences, as did the participants of the current study. However, little is known about this process of achievement in the face of negative predictions. Consequently, the current study used qualitative grounded theory methodology to explore the experience of defying negative messages received about becoming a college student. In unstructured interviews, fourteen undergraduate students described their experience of receiving negative messages about their abilities to attend college or the likelihood that they would get to attend college, as well as their subsequent experience of becoming college students in the face of these messages. Based on the literature regarding resilience, negative prediction defiance, and the effects of expectations on academic competence, an ecological model of overcoming negative messages was proposed in which micro, meso, and macrosystemic influences were hypothesized to play a role in encouraging or discouraging college attendance. Although participants came from diverse demographic backgrounds and experienced varied types of negative messages, all of their narratives shared major components, which comprise the theory proposed in the current study. These components are sources of negative messages, perceived underlying influences on sources, reasons to defy the message, facilitators of defiance, and barriers to defiance. This theory was compared to existing theories regarding resilience, negative prediction defiance, and the effects of expectations on academic competence. Additionally, research and policy implications are discussed that highlight the importance of providing youth who may be at-risk to receive negative messages with support in their families, schools, and communities.

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Palmblad, Johannes. "Bridging the gap between artist and audience : An exploratory comparative study on the cognitive impact of proficiency and applied mental models on the unmediated understanding of design and affordance." Thesis, Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för informationsteknologi, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:his:diva-12333.

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The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between culture, affordance and proficiency. Further, to study the possibility of a cognitive gap between artists and the audience they design for, akin to the Designer-User gap in interaction design and user experience research. In order to contextualize the issue studied, relevant theories in ecological psychology, visual literacy, image interpretation and cognitive models are presented and discussed alongside contemporary industry issues that may have arisen from this type of cognitive gap. As artist and audience might have these vastly different interpretations of identical visual material, conveying or communicating specific design ideas or aesthetics may be compromised or lost in translation, negatively influencing visual communication. The study compared a set of individuals matching either the label of concept artist or target game audience on their unmediated reactions and mental heuristics when encountering a novel design from a familiar genre, using a method of concurrent verbalization. Results were discussed and compared to prevailing theories in cognition, user experience design and the presented research question. Said results indicate that there are distinct variations between how artists and audience apply their heuristics for unmediated design interpretation, although it also provides a few tentative suggestions as to a few methods in which said issue could be circumvented or surmounted.

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Adair, Lora E. "Family planning in context: sensitivity of fertility desires and intentions to ecological cues." Diss., Kansas State University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/18935.

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Doctor of Philosophy
Department of Psychological Sciences
Gary Brase
Although fertility decision-making has been the source of considerable theoretical and empirical investigation, the effect of several contextual variables on individuals’ fertility decision-making processes are not yet understood. For example, are individuals more strongly influenced by social forces that are informational or normative? Also, do individuals change their fertility intentions based on their current and developmental economic conditions? Further, how ‘shared’ are reproductive decisions within a couple, are males or females more likely to get what they want? This 3-study program of research used both experimental and exploratory qualitative methods to elucidate the nature of these unresolved issues within the domain of fertility decision-making. Study 1 (N = 344, M[subscript]age = 23, SD[subscript]age =6.41, 59.3% female) found that highly motivated individuals’ fertility intentions were more susceptible to informational, compared to normative messages (the opposite was true for unmotivated participants). Study 2 (N = 249, M[subscript]age = 24, SD[subscript]age =6.10, 61.4% female) found that exposure to mortality primes up-regulated fertility intentions for individuals with “fast” life history strategies, but facilitated the down-regulation of fertility intentions for individuals with “slow” life history strategies. Interestingly, resource scarcity primes were associated with the postponement of fertility plans in individuals’ with “fast” life history strategies. Study 3 (N = 120, M[subscript]age = 21, SD[subscript]age =4.96, 50% female) found that, contrary to predictions, the similarity of couples’ gender role attitudes, career-orientations, and education levels did not significantly predict the frequency of their use of statements coded as compromise and agreement or persuasion and disagreement in their discussions regarding their future reproductive plans. Findings do suggest that individuals with higher levels of education were more likely to use persuasion and disagreement statements in their child timing and number discussions with their romantic partner, indicative of greater decision-making power in that particular social exchange. Further, men and women in study 3 were equally likely to use statements coded as compromise and agreement, persuasion and disagreement, and concession when discussing both their future fertility plans as well as their future financial plans.

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Schein, Steven. "The ecological world views and post-conventional action logics of global sustainability leaders." Thesis, Fielding Graduate University, 2014. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3627453.

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This is an empirical study of ecological worldviews and action logics of global sustainability leaders. Although a body of research has emerged in recent years focused on corporate sustainability practices at the organizational level, the literature has paid less attention to corporate sustainability at the individual level. As a result, little is known about the deeper psychological motivations of sustainability leaders and how these motivations may influence their behavior and effectiveness as change agents.

This study was based on theoretical insights from several social science disciplines including ecopsychology, integral ecology, environmental sociology, and developmental psychology. Drawing on interviews with 65 leaders in more than 50 multinational corporations, NGOs, and consultancies, the study presents three major propositions that illuminate specific ways that ecological worldviews and action logics are developed and expressed by sustainability leaders. Specific findings include five experiences that shape ecological worldviews over the lifespan and six ways that post-conventional action logics are expressed by sustainability leaders. Findings also include how the complexity of sustainability is driving highly collaborative approaches to leadership. Insights from this research can be integrated into leadership development programs in a wide range of public and private institutions and will be of interest to a range of sustainability scholars, social science researchers, sustainability executives, and social entrepreneurs.

Key Words: Sustainability leader, ecological worldviews, action logics, ecopsychology, developmental theory, new ecological paradigm, ecological self, corporate sustainability.

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Grogan, Kathryn E. "Parents' Choice of Pre-Kindergarten: A Transactional Ecological Approach." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2011. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/psych_diss/83.

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Empirical research on parents’ decision making process and parents’ actual criteria when considering preschool is critical when considering its relationship to early educational experiences and subsequent outcomes for children. Research has consistently demonstrated that the type and quality of preschool program children attend has implications for future academic success. A review of past research suggests parents often have difficulty assessing quality and include a wide range of considerations that include both practical and educational features of care. The current study utilized a transactional ecological framework to examine parent considerations and related family, child and cultural factors. A series of focus groups and interviews were conducted with parents to identify parent considerations and inform creation of a survey measure designed to assess these considerations. Surveys were then completed by 203 parents from varying socioeconomic and ethnic backgrounds who had a child that qualified for state-funded preschool the following year. Parents were recruited from 20 centers including Head Start programs, private-for profit programs, religiously affiliated programs and one YMCA center. Exploratory factor analysis identified two highly correlated categories of considerations: 1) characteristics that designate several types of quality indicators and 2) characteristics that designate a program’s practical features. A series of hierarchical regressions indicated a combination of cultural, family and child factors are important when assessing parents’ considerations for pre-kindergarten. In particular, socioeconomic status, parents’ beliefs about childrearing and involvement and children’s prosocial skills and family structure were uniquely related to parental endorsement of quality and practical considerations. These findings have important implications for policymakers and practitioners.

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Carroll, Jessica Elizabeth-Rose. "Evaluating the Implications of Parental Mental Illness for Children Using an Ecological Perspective." ScholarWorks, 2016. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/2921.

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Researchers have extensively studied the experiences and potential consequences of being a child whose parent has a mental illness (COPMI). However, there is no consensus on the best way to support these children, in general or in schools. The purpose of this quantitative study was to examine the effects of parental mental illness on children by using an ecological approach. Researchers have used ecological theory to illustrate the importance of internal characteristics, skills, and supports for children to enhance resiliency. This study looked at whether COPMI differed significantly from the children of parents of parents with no current or past mental illness (NonCOPMI) on the Developmental Assets Profile (DAP). The study also looked at whether there was a significant difference in the change in DAP scores for the COPMI compared to the NonCOPMI over time. A secondary data analysis of DAP survey results was performed and SPSS v.23.0 (IBM, 2015) software was used to complete one-way and two-way repeated measures ANOVA on DAP scores. COPMI reported lower DAP levels than NonCOPMI, and this difference was statistically significant in some areas of Internal Assets and Social and Community contexts. These findings suggest that COPMI may be challenged in these areas and are in line with previous findings regarding the challenges that COPMI may face and supports the continued use of ecological theory. By utilizing the DAP survey, specific areas where COPMI may benefit from additional supports can help professionals promote resilience among children. Proactive efforts like this, especially in schools, where increasing attention is being paid to mental health education, may contribute to positive social change.

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Kocs, Elizabeth A. "Finding nature in the city| A case study of ecological restoration in an urban park." Thesis, City University of New York, 2014. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3601882.

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This dissertation presents a case study of ecological restoration in an urban park, using a mixed-methods methodology that included a survey instrument, open-ended interviews, behavioral and trace observations, and modified grounded theory methodology for data analysis. The purpose of the study was to identify values that users of four ecologically restored areas of Chicago's Lincoln Park associated with their use of the park areas and to determine the extent to which they experienced contact with nature while visiting the areas. The study was conducted within the framework of a post-occupancy evaluation (POE) of the restoration projects, the Lincoln Park Evaluation Study in the College of Architecture, Design and the Arts, University of Illinois at Chicago, which was commissioned by the U.S. Forest Service. The author, the principal investigator for the POE, developed a set of ten values or benefits associated with park use that were included in the survey instrument and informed the onsite, open-ended interviews with park users--beauty, solitude, tranquility, recreation, health, contact with nature, habitat preservation/restoration, community identity, public life, tourism, and other (to allow respondents to add their own values to the list). The results of the study indicate that users valued contact with nature and habitat restoration most, followed closely by tranquility, solitude, and beauty, with health and recreation next and public life and community identity trailing all others. No new values were added. Data analysis suggested that respondents fell roughly into two camps, those who valued contact with nature most and those who valued habitat restoration most. Respondents who selected tranquility, solitude, or beauty as important values viewed them as secondary to contact with nature or habitat restoration because the former would be unavailable without the latter. The study's results complicates the dichotomy between natural and built environments, as respondents praised the restored areas--arguably built environments--as refuges from the city. A theme that emerged from qualitative data analysis suggests that ecological restoration of urban parks might be related to nature-identities, emotional bonds with types of natural areas, calling for future research to determine the relationship between urban nature and urban residents' nature-identities.

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Cook, Henry Ernest IV. "PERCEPTUAL-SYSTEM CALIBRATION IN INTERACTIVE TELE-OPERATED ENVIRONMENTS." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1429878120.

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Tessier, Réjean. "Ecological dimensions of the family: the children' s social situation." Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2013. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/100840.

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This article is abour the social siruation of the families and their children. The author uses rbe ecological paradigm whicb undersrands behavior as the result of a mutual and reciprocal exchange between tbe organism and the environment. Using statistical data from the WHO and UNICEF, he tries to demonstrare the possible consequences of certain social situations and the demografic contex on the oportunities of children's development. The different levels of ecological dimensions of the family are described and the negative effects of poverty and adverse family conditions are pointed out.
El artículo trata de la situación social de las familias y los niños. El autor usa el paradigma ecológico que intenta comprender el comportamiento como la resultante de un intercambio mutuo y recíproco entre el organismo y el medio. Partiendo de datos estadísticos de la OMS y UNICEF trata de demostrar las consecuencias posibles de ciertas situaciones sociales y del contexto demográfico sobre las oportunidades de desarrollo de los niños. Se destaca la importancia de los diferentes niveles de las dimensiones ecológicas de la familia y se alerta sobre los efectos nocivos que tienen en los niños la pobreza extrema y las condiciones familiares de gran adversidad.

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Shea, Nicholas Jordan. "Ecological Models of Musical Structure in Pop-rock, 1950–2019." The Ohio State University, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu158755665247824.

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Back, Donna Bella. "Understanding the suicidal mind : an ecological investigation of the differential activation hypothesis of suicidal relapse in first episode psychosis." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2013. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/4755/.

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The incidence of completed and attempted suicide among those with first episode psychosis (FEP) is high. However, due to the lack of understanding about the suicidal thinking mechanism in psychosis, the development of effective treatment interventions continues to be a major gap for clinicians and patients. The Differential Activation Hypothesis (DAH) of suicidal relapse may serve as a potential framework for understanding suicidality in psychosis. This thesis sets out to investigate the suicidal thinking process in FEP, by comparing those with a history of suicidal attempt or deliberate self-harm vs. those without using the DAH of suicidal relapse as the main theoretical framework. Overall results of three separate studies support the validity of DAH of suicidal relapse as a framework for understanding the suicidal thinking mechanism in psychosis. More importantly, the consistent pattern of results shared between the ecological and experimental studies validates the application of the DAH in the real-life, day to day experiences of those at risk of suicidal relapse. Evidence suggesting applicability of the DAH in FEP will help establish the importance of the interaction between distal and proximal risk factors for suicidality, being of great clinical value in improving the existing risk assessment procedures.

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McEwen, Timothy Ryan. "Development and Evaluation of an Ecological Display for the Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of Cardiovascular Risk." Wright State University / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wright1386593713.

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Ruth, Wells. "Karama means dignity: Ecological factors affecting adaptation to displacement among Syrian refugees living in Jordan." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/20129.

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People who have been displaced to Jordan by the ongoing conflict in Syria may face multiple challenges including exposure to conflict, forced migration, as well as ongoing daily stressors such as lack of access to basic rights and resources. This thesis explores the ways in which the discipline of clinical psychology may be prepared to assist members of the Syrian refugee community to respond to these challenges. Following initial examination of academic literature regarding cross-cultural validity of psychological constructs, a theoretical model was generated from qualitative synthesis of psychosocial needs reported by Syrians in Jordan, obtained through systematic search of grey literature. Three field work trips to Jordan were undertaken between 2013-2016 in which the author conducted interviews with Syrian and Jordanian psychosocial workers who were key informants regarding factors affecting uptake and implementation of psychosocial services for Syrian refugees in Jordan. Grounded theory analysis generated a model describing how the crisis has led to changes in attitudes to mental health care within the community. The Community Readiness Model was used to understand community level stage of change to guide implementation of a participatory action program to train local psychosocial workers in clinical psychology skills. Finally, an ecological framework was employed to build a theoretical model to guide future research and practice with displaced communities. Throughout, the analysis was shaped by the emergence of key concepts used by participants to describe reactions to the crisis of conflict and displacement including Karama (dignity) and Sadme (shock). The foregrounding of these concepts is integrated into an ecological framework which may help to broaden the scope of clinical psychology formulation to include more of issues of central importance to members of the Syrian refugee community in Jordan.

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Ciero, Paviot Laura. "Private tuition in Kenya and Mauritius : policies, practices and parents' perceptions examined from an ecological systems perspective." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2015. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/10021910/.

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Since 1990 the Education for All (EFA) movement has acted as a worldwide commitment to the delivery of primary education as a basic human right. Reducing inequalities in terms of school access and academic achievement became a major concern in developing countries where education reforms were inspired by the EFA initiative. This was the case in Kenya and Mauritius, although evidence from the SACMEQ I (1995) and II (2000) survey studies reveals that these two countries presented the highest incidence of private tuition in the southern and eastern Africa region. In turn, such findings raise concern because they appeared to challenge the EFA objectives of quality and equality. The aim of the present thesis is to examine the phenomenon of private tuition in relation to the provision of primary education of good quality to all pupils (EFA initiative) in Kenya and Mauritius. Drawing on Bronfenbrenner’s theory on the ecology of human development the micro, meso and macro systems are examined as the three levels of the ecological environment of private tuition. In this way, attention was focussed on two critical points: (a) the position of parents in relation to the provision of paid extra lessons and (b) the potential tensions between the different ecological levels regarding the notion of educational equality put forward by EFA (the macro level), the national educational policies implemented for primary school (meso level) and the pupils’ school context (micro level). Survey data from Grade 6 pupils who participated in the SACMEQ III (2007) study reveals that paid extra lessons are delivered inside public (government) schools by pupils’ school teachers outside official hours. In addition, interviews with a sample of sixty parents reveal that in Kenya, private tuition is perceived not only as an important academic support but also as a safe environment where pupils are supervised by responsible adults, whereas in Mauritius private tuition is perceived as crucial for academic advancement. In conclusion, it was found that in both countries private tuition represents an integral component within their mainstream education systems.

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Hu, Hongzhan. "Exploring the concept of feedback with perspectives from psychology and cognitive science." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Interaktiva och kognitiva system, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-107090.

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This study explores the concept of feedback from various perspectives in psychology and cognitive science. Specifically, the theories of ecological psychology, situated and Distributed Cognition, Cognitive Systems Engineering and Embodied cognition are investigated and compared. Cognitive Systems Engineering provides a model of feedback and related constructs, to understand human behavior in complex working environments. Earlier theories such as ecological psychology, considered feedback as direct perception. Situated cognition clearly inherits ideas from ecological psychology, whereas distributed cognition provides a deeper understanding of feedback through artifact use. Cognitive Systems Engineering provides a systematic view of feedback and control. This framework is a suitable perspective to understanding feedback in human-machine settings.

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Gatyas, Maxwell. "A Theory of Emotion Sharing." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2021. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1623167135638119.

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Davis, Tehran J. "The role of affordance perception in action-selection." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1330024294.

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Favela, Luis H. Jr. "Walking Through Apertures: Assessing Judgments Obtained from Multiple Modalities." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1397734910.

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Bridges, Corinne E. "The Impact of Gender, Employment and Class on Perceptions of Chronic Pain:An Ecological Perspective." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1377869761.

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Woon, Fu Lye. "Prediction of Cognitive Sequelae and Ecological Validity in Critically-Ill Adult Patients." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2010. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/2527.

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Survivors of critical illness have a high prevalence of long-term cognitive and psychiatric morbidity and poor quality of life years after hospital discharge. Data are lacking regarding whether cognitive screening tests predict which critically ill patients may be at risk to develop long-term cognitive sequelae and whether cognitive sequelae predict the patients everyday functioning. This study sought to determine whether cognitive screening tests, including the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and Mini-Cog, predict long-term cognitive sequelae and everyday functioning in survivors of critical illness 6-month post-hospital discharge. A second purpose was to investigate whether cognitive sequelae are associated with poor everyday functioning in critically ill survivors. Finally, the relationship between cognitive sequelae and quality of life was assessed. Survivors of critical illness had a high rate of cognitive impairments at hospital discharge, as well as long-term cognitive and psychiatric sequelae, deficits in everyday functioning, and reduced quality of life at 6-month follow-up. The MMSE and Mini- Cog did not predict long-term cognitive sequelae or everyday functioning at 6-months. Cognitive sequelae were not associated with poor everyday functioning; however, impaired attention, memory, and mental processing speed predicted problems with managing home/transportation, and impaired attention predicted problems in health and safety, social adjustment, and memory/orientation. Cognitive sequelae were associated with reduced quality of life in the role physical domain. Altogether, these findings lend additional knowledge to the literature regarding cognitive and psychiatric sequelae, everyday functioning, and reduced quality of life in critically ill patients, and may have clinical implications for the critical care providers, patients, and caregivers. Given the large population of survivors of critical illness each year, strategies aimed at recognizing, preventing and treating these morbidities are important research and public health concerns. Investigations into the clinical and economic burden of these morbidities and methods to mitigate them, including patient screening and referral to appropriate mental health and rehabilitation services, are warranted.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Ecological Psychology'

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