Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Écologie des eaux saumâtres'
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Gomez, Hernandez Maria Elena. "Rôle des sédiments dans l'eutrophisation d'une lagune littorale Méditerranéenne (étang du Méjean-Hérault) : échanges du phosphate entre le sédiment et l'eau en fonction des conditions environnementales." Montpellier 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996MON13520.
Full textMesnage, Valérie. "Contribution à l'étude de la mobilité des formes de phosphate à l'interface eau-sédiment dans les écosystèmes lagunaires." Montpellier 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994MON13508.
Full textEl, Haji Mounia. "Etude des propriétés physico-chimiques des eaux de bassins et de leurs influences sur certains phénomène biologiques : cas du Port du Havre." Le Havre, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998LEHA0018.
Full textBouvier, Thierry. "Structure et dynamique du réseau trophique microbien dans le bassin nord occidental de la Mer noire sous influence du Danube." Montpellier 2, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998MON20196.
Full textJouffre, Didier. "Etude de l'organisation spatiale du zooplancton dans l'étang de Thau (France) et de l'influence des échanges entre la lagune et la mer." Montpellier 2, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989MON20203.
Full textLegendre, Marc. "Potentialités aquacoles des Cichlidae (Sarotherodon melanotheron, Tilapia guineensis) et Claridae (Heterobranchus longifilis) autochtones des lagunes ivoiriennes." Montpellier 2, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991MON20295.
Full textVergalli, Julia. "Versatilité écologique de la cyanobactérie potentiellement toxique Planktothrix agardhii : influence de la salinité?" Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013AIXM4309.
Full textThe research was launched by the observation of Planktothrix agardhii blooms, a potentially toxic freshwater cyanobacterium, in two brackish ponds, the Olivier and Bolmon ponds, with in the latter, the concomitantly collapse of P. agardhii with an increase in salinity. The goal of the study was to assess the salinity influence on the performance, the dominance and the toxin production of P. agardhii within the phytoplankton community.The achievement of a long-term monitoring in situ combined with batch cultures experiments has demonstrated (i) the ability of P. agardhii to acclimate and adapt to salinity, which ensure its supremacy and its toxin production in brackish areas, and (ii) the structural and functional changes of the phytoplankton community with the exceeding of the salt-tolerance threshold of P. agardhii .The research reflects the cyanobacteria versatility that enhances their suitability for being good performers, suggesting their persistence along with their nuisances, and their expansion in the future
Galès, Philippe. "Origine et devenir d'une bactérie pathogène (Salmonella) dans les compartiments eau, sédiment, coquillages filtreurs d'un écosystème méditerranéen marin côtier (étang de Thau, France)." Montpellier 2, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994MON20249.
Full textBeyrend, Delphine. "Life history traits of key brackish copepods from temperate to tropical environments." Thesis, Lille 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010LIL10120.
Full textThe study of the plankton population dynamics brings new insights on the effects of the global climate change on aquatic ecosystems. However, there is a real need to have a global overview of these effects through inter-site comparisons at appropriate scales. France and Taiwan are two countries located in contrasting climate regimes, respectively temperate and subtropical/tropical. In France, the temperate brackish copepod Eurytemora affinis which is known as key species has been the subject of numerous laboratory and field studies. P. annandalei which is also a dominant brackish copepod but in subtropical/tropical Indo-Pacific regions found in Taiwan, has not been well studied despite its ecological and economical importance. In this thesis we studied the life history of the copepod P. annandalei particularly the effects of temperature-salinity interactions and other aspects such as the reproductive biology to understand its population dynamics in the field. We also investigate the population dynamics of dominant copepods in two contrasting estuaries including P. annandalei and E. affinis respectively in the subtropical Danshuei Estuary and the temperate Seine Estuary. The main originality of this work was to use similar protocols in laboratory and in the field observations in the two contrasting systems. The life history study of P. annandalei highlighted the importance of temperature and salinity in its life cycle strategy. It is able to develop and reproduce in a wide range of temperature-salinity conditions however it showed better fitness at temperature 25-30°C and salinity 15. The field studies showed that the population dynamics of copepods was driven by different environmental factors in the two contrasting systems such as the river discharge in the temperate Seine Estuary and the typhoons in the subtropical Danshuei Estuary. Finally our result may find some interests and applications in subtropical/tropical copepod population dynamics and in industrial aquaculture as well as in the ecology of subtropical brackish systems within the global climate change context
Ounissi, Makhlouf. "Etude écologique des étangs saumâtres du bassin d'Arcachon remis en eau après un assec prolongé : processus de recolonisation biologique et confinement." Bordeaux 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991BOR10556.
Full textBonou, Clément A. "Étude de la productivité planctonique dans des étangs d'aquaculture en milieu saumâtre tropical." Toulouse, INPT, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990INPT007A.
Full textFeliatra. "L' activité des bactéries nitrifiantes dans l'aire marine du panache rhodanien et dans l'eau et le sédiment de l'océan austral (mission Antares I)." Aix-Marseille 2, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994AIX22050.
Full textOukli, Fatima. "Une autre ressource d'eau potable : le dessalement de l'eau de mer et des eaux saumâtres." Paris 5, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA05P234.
Full textCartier, Valentine. "Chironomus salinarius (KIEFFER) et salinité : structure spatiale, traits d'histoire de vie et dynamique temporelle." Aix-Marseille 3, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010AIX30031.
Full textChironomus salinarius is a common species living in coastal lagoons, which are characterized by a strong variability of environmental factors, especially salinity. C. Salinarius is well-known because of its nuisances but the knowledge of its ecological preferences remains incomplete. The aim of this study is to highlight the role of salinity on spatial structure, life history traits and population dynamics of C. Salinarius. The first part focuses on the patchy distribution of C. Salinarius in a coastal lagoon, the Bolmon lagoon. This study highlights the existence of chironomid patches, linked to shallow area and high values of dissolved oxygen, in spite of very low density of larvae. We hypothesize that low density values were linked to the salinity. The second part is a laboratory study. Eleven salinities between 0 and 50 have been tested for both survival and time of development. A very low survival rate at intermediate salinity (10) suggests the existence of an alternation between two physiological strategies (osmoconformer or osmoregulator). Moreover too few adults emerge over 40. For others salinities, between 0 and 35, there was a high survival rate but the time of development increased with the salinity level. In the third part, the population dynamics of C. Salinarius is studied in the Bolmon lagoon with a multi-scale approach. A between years pattern is highlighted, with the increase of densities. Change of environmental factors can partly explain variations of C. Salinarius population. A synthesis of our results is presented in the conclusion, which emphasises the non-exclusive effect of salinity on C. Salinarius population structure
Ketrane, Rachid. "Analyse du phénomène d'entartrage et de son inhibition : effet des ions majeurs présents dans les eaux du sud algérien." Caen, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010CAEN2038.
Full textSahara Algerian waters present high temperatures and are strongly concentrated in salts, particularly carbonates and sulfates, with a hardness exceeding 100°F. Calcareous deposits naturally formed in this region, were analyzed using ICP-AES, SEM/EDS, XRD and Raman spectroscopy. It consists essentially of calcium carbonate in aragonite allotropic form. Electrochemically accelerated scaling is also analyzed. The effect of the present major ions in South Algerian waters is examined with a particular interest for the sulphates ions. The influence of parameters such as pH, hydrodynamics, temperature and polarization potential was studied. The kinetics of scaling is followed by chronoamperometry and by electrochemical impedance. These measurements are followed by the characterization of deposits by the same techniques cited before: SEM/EDS, XRD and Raman spectroscopy. Scaling inhibition was also studied by the analysis of the crossed effect of temperature and inhibitors concentration. The efficiency of five inhibitors from three big families: polyphosphates, polyphosphonates and polycarboxylic acids was determined. The elementary chemical analysis of these compounds was realized by ICP-AES. It shows that these tartrifuges substances do not contain heavy metals in significant quantities
Pontié, Maxime. "Phénomènes électrocinétiques et transferts ioniques dans les membranes poreuses à faibles seuils de coupure : application au traitement des eaux saumâtres." Tours, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996TOUR4016.
Full textHaarpaintner, Jörg. "Formation de saumures par production de glaces de mer dans Storfjorden, Svalbard, estimée à partir d'images ers-2 sar et de simples modèles de dérive et formation de glaces de mer." Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001VERSA003.
Full textWatson, Guillaume. "Masse volumique et viscosité dynamique sous haute pression de mélanges alcool+hydrocarbures et mise au point d'un conductimètre électrique haute pression." Pau, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PAUU3010.
Full textThis work is related to the study of density and dynamic viscosity under pressure of alcohol + hydrocarbon mixtures, and development of high pressure electrical conductimeter. Density of ethanol + n-heptane and (n-butanol or n-propanol) + toluene binaries has been measured as a function of the pressure (up to 65 MPa), the temperature (from 293 to 353 K) and the composition (5 pure compounds and 7 mixtures by binary), resulting on 2638 experimental points. With supplementary data from the literature on the 2 binaries ethanol + (methylcyclohexane or toluene), it has been possible to discuss on the volumic properties of the 5 binaries and on evaluation of predictive model PC-SAFT. Dynamic viscosity of ethanol + (toluene or n-heptane) binaries has been measured as a function of the pressure (up to 100 MPa), the temperature (from 293 to 353 K) and the composition (3 pure compounds and 7 mixtures by binary), resulting on 394 experimental points. These data have been analysed with some predictive models: mixing laws, models of hard spheres, free volume, friction theory and molecular dynamic. An electrical conductimeter has been developed in order to measure high electrical conductivity of petroleum brine (up to 2000 mS. Cm-1) under high pressure and high temperature. Bibliographic study has allowed to choose the direct contact method with 4 electrodes and alternative current. Measurements of KCl and LiCl aqueous solutions, with concentration from 0. 1 to 4. 5 Molal, up to 100 MPa and at 298 K, have permitted to valid the device in this range of measurement, with a precision of ± 3 %
Madiec, Hervé. "Dosage et spéciation des ultra-traces d'étain dans les écosystèmes aquatiques par spectrométrie d'absorption atomique avec génération et décomposition d'hydrures." Pau, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PAUU3001.
Full textSourisseau, Sandrine. "Simulation de la réponse d’hydrosystèmes continentaux (mares et rivières) à une perturbation de type toxique : effet du regroupement d’entités taxonomiques sur la pertinence de l’évaluation des risques écotoxicologiques." Rennes, Agrocampus Ouest, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008NSARD050.
Full textThe use of mathematical ecosystem models for ecological risk assessment often implies to develop a theoretical representation (conceptual model) of the studied ecosystem. These models are divided into two types : detailed models and simple models. The aggregation of variables permits to simplify a detailed model into a simple one. Aggregation may be performed based on taxonomic or functional aspects, or according to the differential sensitivy of the various organisms to the same toxicant. This study aimed at evaluating at which level the simplification of the model can be carried out without questioning the relevance of the model outprunts in the context of ecological risk assessment. The data used were obtained during experiments performed in lentic and lotic mesocosms treated with the pyrethroid insecticide deltamethrin. Two softwares were used in this study, Aquatox and Terra Sys. The conceptual models were defined according to the species identified in the samples and the available knowledge on their ecology. With Aquatox highly simplified models were first developed by grouping species according to their trophic and functional characteristics. These models were then detailed by distinguishing the compartments characterized by different sensitivities to the insecticide. A multivariate method for performing sensitivity analysis of the models developed with Aquatox was developed and applied to the various models. IT permits to identify those parameters that will deserve particular attentionduring forthcoming experiments. The results showed that both lotic and lentic ecosystem models may be used to adequately simulate the compartments under control conditions
Dach, Hanane. "Comparaison des opérations de nanofiltration et d'osmose inverse pour le dessalement sélectif des eaux saumatres : de l'échelle du laboratoire au pilote industriel." Angers, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008ANGE0032.
Full textA competing membrane process to Reverse Osmosis (RO) for brackish water desalination in the near future is Nanofiltration (NF). In this study, we tried to determine when apply of NF instead of RO for brackish water desalination is of a good relevance. In order to predict and compare NF and RO membranes performance, a fundamental study in laboratory scale was performed to a better understanding of the retention mechanisms of salts by several NF and RO membranes. The performance of the tested membranes was measured in terms of fluxes and rejection under different operating conditions (Feed solution composition, ionic strength, Hydrostatic pressure, recovery rate). The results showed that the rejections of salts increased with the feed pressure and decreased with the salt concentration and recovery rate. The Spiegler-Kedem-Katchalsky model (SKK) was used to analyse the experimental data of filtration experiments. The validation of the model applied allowed us to quantify the mass transfer parameters and to determine the mass transfer occurring in NF and RO (Convection and/or hydration diffusion). The membranes were also characterized using Atomic Force Microscopy, Streaming potential and Contact angle measurements with the goal of relating fluxes and salts retention behaviour with the membrane surface properties. The second part includes a technico-economical study comparing RO and NF processes for Tan Tan brackish water (4 g. L-1) desalination on pilot scale in Tan Tan BWRO plant. In this study, the performance of number of NF and RO modules was evaluated in terms of productivity, desalination efficiency and energy requirements. It was found that the RO modules sharply reduced the TDS of Tan Tan water (rejections > 90%). NF was observed to be an effective method to perform partial desalination of Tan Tan brackish water at higher permeates fluxes and lower applied pressures. The degrees of mineral salt removal with the NF90 and NE90 membranes were in the range of 72 and 95%. The results of pilot plant tests were compared with softwer projections. Significant deviations between pilot experiments and the simulations are obtained for some softwares, and pilot studies are required for the elements corresponding. This part also investigated the application of nanofiltration for demineralization of model solution simulating moderately brackish waters (salinity range of 4-10 g. L-1), and defluoridation of Tan Tan brackish water doped with fluoride at high concentrations. The results indicate the effectiveness of NF membranes (NF90 and NE90) in the treatment of brackish water feed of TDS lesser than 6 g. L-1. These membranes were also effective for fluoride removal at a satisfactory value
Li, Xunde. "Cryptosporidium parvum et environnement : épidémiologie et contrôle de l'environnement hydrique." Rouen, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2002ROUE11NR.
Full textBlanc, Laurence. "Données spatio-temporelles en écologie et analyses multitableaux : examen d'une relation." Lyon 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000LYO10044.
Full textBettarel, Yvan. "Importance quantitative et fonctionnelle des virus dans les écosystèmes aquatiques." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002CLF21403.
Full textDandelot, Sophie. "Les Ludwigia spp. Invasives du Sud de la France : Historique, Biosystématique, Biologie et Ecologie." Aix-Marseille 3, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004AIX30052.
Full textSince they were first introduced at the beginning of the 19th century into the Lez river at Montpellier, the American Ludwigia have gradually colonized the whole of France. A morphological and cytogenetic study confirmed the presence of two different taxa in France. The diploids (2n=16) correspond to L. Peploides subsp. Montevidensis (Spreng. ) Raven, and the decaploids (2n = 80) to L. Grandiflora subsp. Hexapetala (Hook. & Arn. ) Nesom & Kartesz. The diploids mainly colonize the Mediterranean region (except for the south-eastern part), while the polyploids predominate in all the other regions. Both taxa show an intense vegetative growth, but they have distinct breeding systems. The second objective of this study concerns the question of whether Ludwigia stands have an impact on ecosystems. We have study relations between Ludwigia growth and water quality, other primary producers, bacteria communities and macrofauna. We have investigated several mediterranean aquatic ecosystems mainly distinguished by their physical properties and their hydrological functioning
Lefébure, Tristan. "Origine, évolution et mesure de la biodiversité des eaux souterraines : analyse moléculaire du genre Niphargus (Crustacea)." Lyon 1, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005LYO10151.
Full textWiniarski, Thierry. "Analyse systémique du fonctionnement de l'interface système naturel et système anthropisé : exemple de l'interface décharge aquifère." Lyon 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994LYO10322.
Full textCrespin, de Billy Véronique de. "Régime alimentaire de la truite (Salmo trutta L. ) en eaux courantes : rôles de l'habitat physique et des traits des macroinvertébrés." Lyon 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001LYO10173.
Full textPetit, Stéphanie. "Écologie et dangerosité des Pseudomonas aeruginosa des milieux aquatiques anthropisés." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LYO10166.
Full textIn Public Health, new monitoring and management programs are needed, especially for the aquatic environments strongly affected by urbanization and urban wet weather discharges. The levels, reservoirs and sources of microbiological contamination of the aquatic environment should be assessed and identified, and their impact on the spread of pathogenic bacteria and the risk of exposure of human populations understood. Among the pathogens found in water environments, Pseudomonas aeruginosa is of major health concern. From two experimental sites, the objectives of this work were to define the contribution of wastewater discharges on the prevalence of P. aeruginosa in receiving watercourses and study the ecology of the introduced forms, including their spatiotemporal dynamic and preferential habitats. Sediments, surface biofilms (periphyton) and the submerged aquatic vegetations appeared to favour the survival or growth of some genotypes of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The distribution of fecal indicator bacteria and of Aeromonas caviae were also studied. It was highlighted that hydraulic forces, the morpho-dynamics of the river and the seasonal vaiations were determinant factors in the distribution of the analyzed microbial contaminants. The health hazard of the clones found in these systems was estimated through indirect molecular approaches. It was shown that all Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains had a high virulence potential and that some were related to the PA14 and C clones which are spread worldwide and pathogenic
Beffy, Jean-Luc. "Approche des structures ternaires en écologie par l'analyse en composantes principales à trois modes." Lyon 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993LYO10057.
Full textFlammarion, Patrick. "Mesure in situ de l'induction du cytochrome P450 1A chez des cyprinidés d'eau douce : optimisation de l'interprétation." Metz, 1997. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/UPV-M/Theses/1997/Flammarion.Patrick.SMZ9749.pdf.
Full textBiological assessment is useful in addition to conventional chemical analyses to monitor the water quality. Biochemical markers are early warning systems of the exposition of aquatic organisms to pollutants. Among them, the measurement of the fish EROD induction enables the detection of PAHs, PCBs and dioxines. The biomarker was used as a fitted tool in numerous limited field studies. Yet, in a large scale biomonitoring perspective, it is necessary to determine baseline values in sentinel fish species as well as to precisely quantify the biotic and abiotic sources of variability. Cyprinids were thus sampled in the Rhône river watershed in low polluted and in polluted areas. Reference baseline EROD activities were calculated for three species : barbel, chub and gudgeon. The data from the polluted sites were related to contamination and female sexual maturity. In the same way, laboratory experiments provided information on the effect of the level of the inducer, the influence of the sexual maturity as well as the sensitivity and reversibility of the EROD induction. The immunodetection of the cytochrome P450 1A protein provided better assessment of results where an inhibition effect could have occured. With all results, a classification of the EROD levels was proposed through statistical analysis of the EROD distributional properties. Both measurement and interpretation of the EROD biomarker are then mature enough to begin a normalisation procedure in a biomonitoring perspective
Fakhri, Milad. "Interactions de deux sources continentales, naturelle et anthropogénique, sur les caractéristiques physico-chimiques et biologiques du milieu marin de Batroun au Liban Nord (Méditerranée Orientale)." Aix-Marseille 2, 2005. http://theses.univ-amu.fr.lama.univ-amu.fr/2005AIX22085.pdf.
Full textThis study is based on both influences of the direct discharges of Selaata chemical plant and of Al-Jaouz seasonal river on Batroun coastal water (North Lebanon, Eastern Mediterranean), and on their interactions to measure their impacts on an oligotrophic marine environment. In order to follow the spatial and temporal variations at big and small scales of the different physico-chemical, biogeochemical and biological parameters, many sampling strategies were used during 26 months (from May 2001 till June 2003) on surface water: a classical strategy of a network of fixed stations, continuous measurements at high frequency, diurnal variations (12 hours) at a fixed point, a perpendicular radial to the coast, experiments of the buoyant drogue. These measurements were completed with sediments studies (a more integrated medium for long term variations) in surface and in depth. In water, the signature (orthophosphates, pH, warmer water) of the chemical plant is permanently marked. It is so strong in its vicinity; it is diluted but well detected in the whole area of the study. Strong agreements, between the annual mean values of surface water and the sediments compositions, confirm this permanence. But the signature (nitrates, water dilution, cooler water) of Al-Jaouz River is seasonal. The interaction of these two influences on coastal water and their spatial extension vary in function of their own flow, and also on wind conditions, like it was found in the different adopted strategies. On the biological plan, a decrease in phytoplankton density and chlorophyll a concentrations is noticed in the proximity of the plant, accompanied with morphological deformation. But, all the area shows a well marked spring blooming, in particularly in front of Al-Jaouz River (source of nitrates). In comparison with other Lebanese coastal waters, the river has a fertilising effect not inhibited by plant's impact. On the other hand, the permanent and strong enrichment of orthophosphates during the remaining of the year doesn't cause cells proliferation, and this is due to the influence of temperature and the low concentrations of nitrates. At benthic level, the biological indicators used (méiofaune and chlorophyll a) show that the effect of the chemical plant is spatially limited to the sediments of stations located in front of the north-western emissary
Vasseur, Christophe. "Rôle du rayonnement ultraviolet-B sur la structure et le fonctionnement du réseau trophique microbien de la Polynie North Water (75-79°N), Arctique canadien." Aix-Marseille 2, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003AIX22103.
Full textDach, Hanane. "Comparaison des opérations de nanofiltration et d'osmose inverse pour le dessalement selectif des eaux saumatres : de l'échelle du laboratoire au pilote industriel." Phd thesis, Université d'Angers, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00433513.
Full textXambeu, Isabelle. "Oxydation biologique du manganèse par les bactéries libres ou fixées, des eaux souterraines." Lyon 1, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990LYO10067.
Full textFrémaux, Bastien. "Écologie des Escherichia coli producteurs de Shiga-toxines (STEC) dans les effluents d'élevages bovins et le sol." Lyon 1, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/docs/00/20/01/18/PDF/MANUSCRIPTTHESEFINAL.pdf.
Full textEnterohemorragic Escherichia coli (EHEC) is one of the most important foodborne pathogens. During the last decade, cattle environment has frequently been implicated as the cause of EHEC outbreaks. This work aims to study the prevalence of Shiga toxin-producing E. Coli (STEC) cells on dairy farms, and their survival in cattle effluents and soil. In dairy farms, a wide diversity of STEC strains, which were able to persist on various materials (water troughs, pen walls, soil, etc) was observed. In cattle effluents (untreated cattle manure and slurry), non-O157 STEC strains could be detected during more than 90 days. In turned manure heaps, the STEC survival is of only 45 days, and the high temperature recovered in the main body of the manure heaps (≥ 65°C) is associated with the serious decrease of STEC cells number. In vitro, STEC O26 strains were detected in various manure amended-soil types for at least 1 year, even in presence of low moisture levels (i. E. Less than 0,08 g H2O g-1 dry soil). The ambient temperature (i. E. 20°C versus 4°C) is significantly associated (P<0,001) with the highest STEC count decline in all soils tested. In situ, the persistence of STEC and their transfer from naturally contaminated bovine feces to subsoil layers were determined in different pasture units of a high mountain watershed located in North Alps. STEC are able to persist in bovine feces, and to be transferred in subsoil layers at a depth up to 20 cm, over a period of approximately 2 months, until the fecal material had completely decayed. In the rhizosphere, STEC survival may be affected by antibiotic-producing microbial populations. However, using a 2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol (Phl)-producing Pseudomonas strain as a model of biocontrol rhizobacteria, any negative effect of the Pseudomonas production of Phl on E. Coli O157:H7 survival in wheat rhizosphere was observed. According to these results, cattle environment constitutes a second significant reservoir of STEC cells, and effective measures to prevent STEC cells entry into environment should be adopted
Besse, Jean-Philippe. "Impact environnemental des médicaments à usage humain sur le milieu récepteur : évaluation de l'exposition et des effets pour les écosystèmes d'eau douce." Thesis, Metz, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010METZ023S/document.
Full textA high number of pharmaceuticals are used in France and can reach the aquatic environment. This observation have contributed to a growing concern for authorities in targeting and quantifying these substances in freshwaters. Considering the high number of molecules used in France, it is necessary, prior to implement any comprehensive monitoring survey in freshwaters, to build a list of priority pharmaceuticals in terms of their risk for the aquatic environment. The work conducted here aims at proposing reliable lists of priority pharmaceuticals, based on expected environmental concentrations and biological effects on aquatic non-target organisms. Several methodologies were implemented, depending on the type of pharmaceuticals assessed and the availability of data. Finally, 300 parent molecules and 50 human metabolites were screened and scientifically sound priority lists were built. Moreover, this work allowed to draw the following conclusions : The issue of pharmaceutical mixtures and their interactions with other environmental polutants needs to be addressed. Preventing the rejection of human pharmaceuticals in the aquatic environment should be a priority. For a good management of the environmental risk of pharmaceuticals, an agreement between public health authorities, environment authorities on one hand, and pharmaceutical industries and professionals on the other hand, is necessary
Soulard, Christophe. "Les agriculteurs et la pollution des eaux par les nitrates : proposition d'une géographie des pratiques." Paris 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA010596.
Full textEnvironnemental questions lead researchers to study the relations of farmers with their work space. In this thesis, i propose a geography of the practices whose object is the confrontation of perceptions and practices of space by farmers, with the categories of space, milieu and territory, used by other actors to solve a question of pollution. The method of research consist in survey with farmers whose are concerned by a local problem of pollution. First, I study the definition of the "non-polluting" practices recommended to the farmers. The analysis of the local effects of environmental policies in two local areas of burgundy reveals a diversity of interpretations of the question according to the areas, the districts and the farmers. This diversity is explained by the combination of three space components of the local question : the space of perception of agricultural pollution, the space of application of environmental policies and the space of local management of drinking water. Then, I study the adoption of the "non-polluting" practices by the farmers. The study of the practices of adjustment to the field of the nitrogen fertilisation of wheat makes it possible to identify various forms of appreciation of the heterogeneity of the soils, connected to two major geographical facts : the logic of spatial organisation of field operations and the strategies of risk limitation between fields. In conclusion, I propose a grid to read the space components which intervene in the treatment of a problem of pollution. I conclude with a reflection on the issue of renewing the geographical approach to the agricultural activity with the end of understanding and improving the relations between agriculture and environnement
Teillac-Deschamps, Pauline. "Introduction en milieu anthropisé : cas de la tortue de Floride en Ile-de-France." Paris 11, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA112319.
Full textPreserving our planet, the species and the spaces that comprise it, is the main goal of Conservation Biology. Biological invasions, after successful introductions, are recognised to be one of the major cause of species extinction. Being able to manage those species rely on the knowledge of ecosystem functioning, for the introduced ecosystems. However, only a few part of introduced species become invasive. Decisions over these species often mix biological, ecological aspects and ethical considerations. In a world with a growing human pressure, taking only wilderness into account for preserving biodiversity is not sustainable. Integrating human beings is a key factor for conservation processes. From restoration and reservation ecology, new reconciliation ecology is of growing importance for a decade, that emphasis the need to develop human activities with respect to the wilderness needs. More than reconciliation, some authors now underline the frequent disconnection between city dwellers and the nature they do not even know anymore. The management of exotic species in urban contexts might not be the same than in reserve areas where lots of endangered species are. During my PhD, I studied a particular case of introduced species that mixes ecological and social aspects: the introduction of a former exotic pet, the Slider turtle, Trachemys scripta elegans, in French freshwater ecosystem
Montfort, Patrick. "Étude écologique, immunologique et pathogénique des Aeromonas mobiles dans les milieux aquatiques et à travers différents systèmes épurateurs." Montpellier 2, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987MON20279.
Full textChouteau, Céline. "Développement d'un biocapteur conductimétrique bi-enzymatique à cellules algales." Lyon, INSA, 2004. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/2004ISAL0066/these.pdf.
Full textThe protection of aquatic ecosystems requires early warning systems for on line and in situ monitoring. These tools can give information on the family of pollutants when they are designed to respond specifically. This works aims at developing a conductometric biosensor using immobilized algal cells. These microalgae provide a large number of membrane-bound enzymes (particularly sorne alkaline phosphatases and cholinesterases). Their enzymatic activities can then be detected easily using these sensors. . First, algae immobilisation on electrodes was optimised as well as protocols for the detection of enzymatic activities. Then, toxicity tests were performed to detect toxic compounds in aquatic ecosystems. These biosensors have detected Cd2 + and Zn2 + down to 10ppb. First experiments with paraoxon-methyl have shown that it inhibits cholinesterase activity significantly
Hayer, Frank. "Estimation de la contamination du milieu aquatique par les composés organo-halogénés (AOX et EOX) : application à l'étude d'accumulation et de relargage des EOX par Anodonta cygnea L., exposé in situ aux effluents d'une usine de pâte à papier." Metz, 1997. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/UPV-M/Theses/1997/Hayer.Frank.SMZ9745.pdf.
Full textHalogenated organic are more widespread in the environment than previously assumed, and originated either from natural and antropogenic sources. The use of the sum parameters aox (adsorbable organic halogens) and eox (extractable organic halogens), allows to palliate the analytical problems of individual identification of those compounds, among which a great majority is still unknown, and enables also their quantification in the different compartments of the aquatic environment : water, sediments and organisms. The study of four water courses has permitted to bring to the fore, and to confirm, the existence of several sources of organic halogenated compounds in the water and the sediments of North-eastern France. Among them, a chlorine bleaching pulp and paper mill is distinguished, and characterised by chronic emissions and high aox concentration in the water and the sediments of the receiving medium. In order the account the effects of such effluents on organisms, and to quantify the bioavailable fraction of micropolluants, four species of aquatic molluscs, Anodonta cygnea L. (bivalve unionidae), unio pictorum L. (bivalve unionidae), Dreissena polymorpha P. (bivalve dreissenidae) et Viviparus viviparus L. (gastropod viviparidae), were transferred and exposed up and down stream of the mill. The swan mussel, Anodonta cygnea L. , has been retained as biological indicator for several reasons : its good resistance to the effluents ; its large size allowing studies on individual organisms and organs ; its high accumulation rate of halogenated organics. The accumulation and the release of these micropollutants by the mussel differ according to the considered organ, and depend on the physico-chemical characteristics of the organic halogenated compounds present in the effluent
Julien, Karen. "La peau sur les eaux : transmissions de savoir-faire, mémoires familiales et dynamiques territoriales en Grande Brenne." Poitiers, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011POIT5024.
Full textGrande Brenne (Indre) has more than 2,200 ponds organized in chains and distributed on approximately 80,000 hectares. These ponds are usually snuggled up in the heart of vast properties where owners, guards and the network of villagers devote to fishing and game activities. Water is everywhere in Grande Brenne, and it is thus around the complex river system that the brennouse society gets organized, looks for itself, forms itself. And these are the families who have been truly living and utterly anchored in in this territory for generations, who have known, and still know today, the privilege to control water. The control of water which engenders the control of the territory as well as various forms of social and symbolic domination. In Grande Brenne, water is an ecological and economic asset, but is also social logically and symbolically very important. In the sense that the agricultural and cynegetic management of the territory, as well as the fish, are under the responsability of the big property owners and their network, on a familial and intimate model as for the representations of the "nature". These representations are henceforth competed by a feeling of identity based on the patrimonial speech built by locally elected representatives, as well as the environmental friendly ethic carried by those whom we call "the Greens". So many "spatial ideologies" which are in confrontation within the brennouse society
Di-Ruggiero, Jocelyne. "Écologie et physiologie des bactéries réduisant le manganèse : exemple de la nappe alluviale du Rhône, Avignon (Vaucluse)." Lyon 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989LYO10085.
Full textBruno, Valérie. "Etude expérimentale et modélisation du transfert du radium dans un écosystème aquatique simplifié." Montpellier 2, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990MON20274.
Full textTriffault-Bouchet, Gaëlle. "Effets sur les écosystèmes aquatiques lentiques des émissions de polluants provenant de différents modes de valorisation/élimination de déchets - Application à des mâchefers d'IUOM et à des boues de dragage de canaux." Chambéry, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004CHAMS004.
Full textWaste reused has been promoted by the definition of final wastes (law of the 13/07/92). The impact of two scenarios against lentic ecosystems was studied : one deals with municipal solid waste incineration bottom ashes (MSWIBA) reused in road embankment, the other with under water deposition of dredged materials in a gravel pit. One of the purpose of yhis study was to complete the methodology for the assessment of waste ecocompatibility, focused by ADEME. The toxic potential of these materials have been distinguished and ordered according to their toxic potential. Four of the dredged materials were characterized by a high toxic potential and presented risks of lentic ecosystem eutrophisation. Risks of this storage scenario are not acceptable for these sediments. Recommendations have been made for the sediment amount to be submerged and for the constraints around thsese deposits. MSWIBA leachates impact was demonstrated whatever the methodology used. Copper seems to be responsible of the effects measured on species. It can be considered as a major pollutant of MSWIBA leachates. Risks of this reused scenario are not acceptable for lentic ecosystems. Recommendations have been made for MSWIBA reused as road embankment. With this study, the interest of microcosm assays have been emphasized. Yhis kind of approach was convenient for the evaluation of contaminated matrix impact against lentic ecosystems. Some aspects of this protocol have to be optimised in order to obtain acceptable variability levels for each parameter
Palesse, Stephanie. "Déterminisme de la décision lysogénique au sein des communautés virales aquatiques : importance des fluctuations physiologiques et métaboliques des hôtes procaryotes." Thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014CLF22520.
Full textMasselot, Gérard. "La synécoparcimonie : un outil d'évaluation biologique de la qualité des eaux courantes : Théorie et applications." Paris, Muséum national d'histoire naturelle, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2002MNHN0027.
Full textA new freshwater biomonitoring tool, the synecoparsimony method, is proposed and tested. The methodological bases are explained. Its validity is tested on several real cases, of various geographical origins (neartic and west-palearctic). It is shown that this method can be used as well to analyze faunistic data as microfloristic. The new tool makes it possible to minimize the ad hoc hypothesis. It enables direct and rigorous confrontation between biological data and the mesologic characteristics of the rivers. The concept of “bio-indicator” taxa is discussed, and the concept of “significant taxa” is proposed. The new European freshwater biomonitoring tools ara studied and criticized. It is shownthat the new suggested method can allow a relevant approach of the quality of water and/or of aquatic environments. Its validity field is specified, and the complementary studies necessary to improve this new tool are exposed. The need for the use of “total evidence” matrices of qualitative biological data, necessary including “rare” taxa, is shown. The specific level of determination of taxa is confirmed as being the most informative. The method we propose could be integrated as a complementary tool available for freshwater managers in Europe
Nex, Fabien. "Modélisation numérique de la biodégradation des composés organo-chlores dans les aquifères fondée sur des expérimentations in situ : Le cas des chloroéthènes." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2004. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/public/theses_doctorat/2004/NEX_Fabien_2004.pdf.
Full textCharbonnel, Nathalie. "De la génétique à la dynamique des populations : l'exemple du gastéropode des eaux douces, Biomphalaria pfeifferi à Madagascar." Montpellier, ENSA, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001ENSA0018.
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