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Academic literature on the topic 'Écologie des forêts – Effets du climat'
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Journal articles on the topic "Écologie des forêts – Effets du climat"
Morin-Rivat, Julie. "Des arbres et des hommes : nouvelles perspectives sur les relations entre l’Homme et son environnement dans les forêts humides d’Afrique centrale à l’Holocène récent." BOIS & FORETS DES TROPIQUES 335 (March 15, 2018): 73. http://dx.doi.org/10.19182/bft2018.335.a31501.
Full textMoore, Jean-David, Rock Ouimet, and Patrick Bolhen. "Effet du chaulage sur la survie et la reproduction de 3 espèces de vers de terre exotiques potentiellement envahissantes dans les érablières du Québec." Le Naturaliste canadien 139, no. 2 (May 25, 2015): 14–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1030817ar.
Full textGagné, Karine. "Climat." Anthropen, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.17184/eac.anthropen.110.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Écologie des forêts – Effets du climat"
Oliveira, Elisiana Pereira de. "Le peuplement des Collemboles édaphiques en Amazonie brésilienne : systématique, biogéographie et écologie." Toulouse 3, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994TOU30209.
Full textO'Heix, Bruno-Charles. "Etude écologique du changement climatique et des effets de l'ozone sur les chênes ainsi que sur l'écosystème d'une forêt dépérissante en Europe Centrale : vers une intégration dans les prises de décisions politiques pour un aménagement forestier durable." Nancy 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999NAN10290.
Full textThe condition of Hungarian forest ecosystems was analysed and compared to the European and world ecosystems, taking into account the global climatic changes. The Hungarian site of Síkfökút, continuously studied during the last twenty-five years has been considered in the light of new concepts. Two oak species Quercus petraea and Quercus cerris are growing in this stand, showing contrasting declining symptoms, Q. Cerris being considered as more resistant. Different analyses were made on the site, including dendrochronology and litter decomposition. In parallel, a fumigation experiment with ozone was carried out in a phytotronic chamber including two more oak species Q. Robur and Q. Rubra. The four oak species showed differential responses to ozone and they can be ranged from the more ozone tolerant to the more sensitive as follows: Q. Cerris > Q. Rubra > Q. Petraea > Q. Robur. These results led to suggestions for recommendations of species selection in reforestation and afforestation
Poszwa, Anne. "Utilisation des isotopes du strontium pour évaluer la dynamique des éléments minéraux dans des écosystèmes forestiers sous climat boréal, tempéré et tropical." Nancy, 2000. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/SCD_T_2000_0128_POSZWA.pdf.
Full textDietz, Lucie. "Dynamique spontanée post-tempête de la végétation forestière en contexte de changement climatique." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris, AgroParisTech, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020AGPT0004.
Full textIn a context where the disturbances could be more severe and/or more frequent, the choice of silvicultural management to be implemented following disturbances comes up against the lack of knowledge of the spontaneous dynamics of regeneration obtained in the context of climate change. From permanent plots installed in France following the storms of 1999, the objective of this study is to analyse the medium-term vegetation dynamics observed within forest gaps, to identify its main determinants and assess the interaction between disturbances and adaptation of plant communities to climate change. The natural tree regeneration, obtained in the post-storm gaps, seems to be sufficient in terms of density and species diversity. Most sites have in average more than 2000 stems/ha and 4.4 species present in the stratum greater than 2 m. The few concerning situations have been identified from the young stages of regeneration and have common characteristics: they are old coniferous stands on acidic soil where competing vegetation has been able to develop, inducing regeneration blocking. In these contexts, a silvicultural intervention would have been desirable to promote regeneration. A specific study of the natural regeneration of three major European hardwood species was carried out: oak, hornbeam and beech. We have highlighted a decline in the abundance of oak over time, in favour of the two most competitive species of beech and hornbeam. Oak is still present on 22% of the sites 19 years after the canopy was opened despite its low density. It also shows growth equivalent or even superior to that of hornbeam and beech, suggesting different development strategies between the three species. Nevertheless, in view of the observed dynamics of the oak, without intervention to promote its regeneration, its future seems uncertain in the coming decades. Finally, our study revealed a greater thermophilisation of the plant communities present in forests that have had an open canopy compared to those in undisturbed forests. By stimulating thermophilization, disturbance thus plays a major ecological role in the adaptation of plant communities to climate change. The importance of large-scale disturbances should therefore not be underestimated, especially in a future climate context where they are likely to intensify
Rathgeber, Cyrille. "Impact des changements climatiques et de l'augmentation du taux de CO2 atmosphérique sur la productivité des écosystèmes forestiers : exemple du pin d'Alep (Pinus halepensis Mill.) en Provence calcaire (France)." Aix-Marseille 3, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002AIX30033.
Full textData from 21 Aleppo pine stands have allowed to calculate a synthetic growth index which expresses inter-annual productivity variations. For each stand, three types of models (climatic, bioclimatic and biogeochemistry) have been confronted to the observations and validated. The biogeochemistry model is not sensitive to climatic changes but simulates a strong productivity increase linked to the increase of CO2 rate. The climatic model of growth simulates, in response of climatic change, a strong increase of productivity linked to the increase of spring temperatures. The bioclimatic model simulates a significant decrease of productivity linked to the increase of summer drought period. The response of a stand depends on the site conditions. The exposure, in fact, determines the thermal balance when the slope, the soil water capacity and the permeability of the substratum constraint the water balance
Tallieu, Clara. "État sanitaire et croissance radiale des arbres : Analyse spatiale et temporelle des données du réseau systématique de suivi des dommages forestiers." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LORR0185.
Full textFor the past 30 years, annual visual assessments of crown condition, on the French part of the transnational monitoring network (ICP Forests, level 1), was essential for monitoring forest health. However, the use of crown condition as an indicator of tree health is regularly questioned for methodological reasons but also because of the lack of knowledge on the determinism of crown condition and its functional impact on the tree. In this context, and through the records of 9 tree species’ crown condition (deciduous and coniferous) spread over more than 300 plots in France, we have 1) described and interpreted the spatial and inter-annual variations of leaf loss, in addition to 2) discussing the use of crown condition as an indicator of tree health status based on the joint analysis of inter-annual variations of leaf loss and radial growth. The analysis of spatial variations in crown condition between plots showed multiple relationships with edaphic and climatic factors, but with relatively moderate explanatory power. The study of inter-annual variations in crown condition confirmed that the climatic factors of the previous year control crown condition of the current year. However, compared to radial growth, crown condition presents a less dynamic and inconsistent response to climate between trees in the same plot. The joint analysis of the two signals showed the existence of a weak link between growth and crown condition. We only observed a decrease in tree growth in the case of important leaf loss during years of extreme climatic hazards (dry or cold). However, the introduction of leaf loss as a predictor of radial growth had little or no significant effect for beech and fir. Finally, the evidence of the major influence of age on leaf loss precludes the interpretation of raw crown condition as an indicator of tree health
Abadie, Juliet. "Ecologie historique des forêts méditerranéennes : déterminants du changement du couvert forestier et effets des usages passés sur les sols et la flore actuels." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AIXM0192/document.
Full textIn temperate regions, historical maps have demonstrated that forest ancientness determines soil properties and the presence of some plant species. However, those differences were rarely analysed in the Mediterranean region. The main objectives of this PhD thesis are to analyse the drivers of forest cover change and the effect of temporal continuity and past land uses on forest soils and understory vegetation in the Mediterranean region. This work relies on the territory of the Regional Natural Park of Luberon. The first part consists of identifying biophysical and socioeconomic drivers of land use and forest recovery spatial distribution, based on the comparison of 1860, 1958 and 2010 land uses. Forest maintained on the least productive land while forest recovery occurred on soils with low productivity, and close to pre-existing forests. The second part investigates the effect of forest temporal continuity and past land uses on their ecological characteristics, based on floristic and pedological data. Ancient and recent forests are distributed according to soil productivity and host species of differing traits and ecological preferences. Notably, species significantly preferring ancient forests are true forest species, phanerophytes and endozoochores. If this work relies on the État-Major map, it turns out that the historical ecology of Mediterranean forests requires complementary in situ approaches in order to fully understand the complexity of past landscape uses
Journé, Valentin. "Influence du climat lors de l'investissement des ressources dans la reproduction chez les arbres forestiers : une approche par modélisation mécaniste." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2020. http://theses.univ-amu.fr.lama.univ-amu.fr/200217_JOURNE_229kn950dq423kitgvy940umn_TH.pdf.
Full textGlobal changes affect species distribution and ecosystems functioning due to long term climatic trends and extreme climatic events. Forests are notably subject to massive growth decline and even mortality. One of the major processes of forest dynamics is sexual reproduction, but there are still many uncertainties about the effect of climate on trees reproduction, especially on when and how resources are allocated to pollen and seeds. Reproduction also allows species to persist over generations, through adaptation and migration. The main objective of this thesis is to develop an approach based on resource and phenology modelling, in order to understand and predict climate effects on forest trees reproduction. First, I used statistical model to investigate temporal and spatial variation of fruit production. Second, I quantified the allocation of resources between vegetative versus reproductive functions, with a hierarchical Bayesian model and observation of growth, male and female reproduction over several years. Results allowed us to identify trade-off during floral initiation, and highlighted the importance of resources levels to ensure reproduction. Lastly, I developped a process-based model of reproduction and included it in an existing model of forest functioning (CASTANEA). The reproduction model, which runs from flower initiation to seed maturation, simulates spatial and temporal patterns of seed production. The model was calibrated and validated on silver fir on Mont-Ventoux and used to investigate how climate change will impact fruit production
Cateau, Eugénie. "Réponse des coléoptères saproxyliques aptères aux perturbations anthropiques des forêts et des paysages." Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016INPT0045/document.
Full textTo enable species migration in a global warming context, public policies try to improve European natural network (Green and Blue infrastructure, old trees network...). These measures might be adapted to the high-dispersal species, but there is a lack of knowledge concerning the ability of the low-dispersal species to move using these networks. Lots of these species remain poorly known. Considering forest ecosystems, ightless saproxylic beetles are supposed to be dispersal limited species because of they are small, unable to y and have trophic exigencies. The aim of this study is to understand how dispersal limited species evolve temporally and spatially in the landscape. Flightless saproxylic beetles have been sampled by sieving litter in front of ten trees per stand, using a modied Winkler and extracted through an adapted Berlese. This standardization of the methods lead to sample an average of 97,2% of the species targeted in each forest. A monthly survey during two years has shown that the species are present in the litter throughout the year and that they are stable over two years. The best season to sample them appeared to be autumn and spring. Comparison between old growth forests and harvested stands in the French Pyrénnées has shown that harvesting does not impact signi cantly the target species. Their repartitions were highly dierent between the studied valleys, which is assumed to result from the dierence in the past human impact. In the highly fragmented landscape (Coteaux de Gascogne, SW France), very few ightless saproxylic species have been sampled. Surprisingly, this experiment has shown that the landscape characteristics explain better these dispersal limited species' repartitions than the forest characteristics. For half of them, landscape composition in the 1850's explain better the repartition than the current one. A threshold of 15% of forest cover appeared to be determinant for one species (Dienerella clathrata). We showed that the studied species use the edges (at least to move through them) whatever their characteristics may be. As soon as they are present in the forest, they are in the connected edge. Moving abilities of 3 species have been approached by measuring the running speed in laboratory. This experiment showed a mean of running speed of 1,6m.h -1. These dierent elements lead us to conclude that the ightless saproxylic beetles are mobile in the landscape. All these results, and the fact that species richness is correlated to the landscape anthropisation, leads us to conclude that this taxonomic group can support human impact at small spatial and temporal scale, but are poorly resilient to large and long anthropisation
Altinalmazis, kondylis Andreas. "Tree diversity effects on root production, decomposition and nutrient cycling under global change." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021BORD0067.
Full textThe insurance hypothesis predicts that forests with tree species mixtures may resist better to stressful environmental conditions than forests composed of only one tree species. Most of the currently available literature tested this hypothesis for aboveground productivity and its related response variables, but less is known about belowground processes. In my PhD thesis, I studied the drivers of belowground productivity and decomposition across climatic gradients and how they are affected by tree mixtures. I hypothesized that mixing of tree species with contrasting rooting patterns and fine root morphologies, would result in a release of competitive pressure belowground, and translate into higher fine root standing biomass and increased fine root productivity. Moreover, I hypothesized that roots with contrasting chemical and morphological characteristics in mixed stands would decompose faster, which may be particularly important under nutrient-limited conditions. Under water-limiting conditions, such as during extreme summer drought, I hypothesized overall slower decomposition but an attenuating effect of tree mixtures on decomposition due to improved micro-environmental conditions, in particular for leaves, since roots decompose in a more buffered soil environment. To test these hypotheses I examined the variation in tree root functional traits (across- and within-species), and its consequences for fluxes of C, N and P at the ecosystem scale. I addressed three main objectives and associated research questions to quantify the interactive effect of tree mixtures and climate on: 1) vertical root segregation and fine root standing biomass, 2) fine root dynamics and their associated nutrient fluxes and 3) fine root- and leaf litter decomposition. I could benefit from two different field experiments for my work, one with a 10-year-old tree-plantation experiment with birch and pine close to Bordeaux (ORPHEE experiment), the second along a latitudinal gradient of mature beech forests in the French Alps (BIOPROFOR experiment).I observed that roots from the birch and pine tree-plantation showed similar vertical distribution and similar belowground root standing biomass in tree mixtures compared to monocultures, contrary to my first hypothesis. However, the greater allocation of pine but not of birch to root growth within the top soil horizons under less water-limiting conditions suggests locally favourable conditions that may lead to soil depth-specific asymmetric competition. In the same experiment, fine root production and decomposition were similar in mixtures and in monocultures, in contradiction with my second hypothesis. Moreover, I did not observe any interactive effects of tree mixtures with stand density or water availability. Interestingly though, birch roots, but not pine roots released P during root decomposition, which suggests an important role of birch in the P-cycle and for P nutrition of trees on these P-limited sandy soils. In line with my third hypothesis, I observed a slower decomposition of leaf litter and fine roots in response to reinforced and prolonged summer drought, irrespective of the position along the latitudinal gradient in the Alps. However, this slower decomposition under drought was not attenuated in forest stands with mixed tree species compared to single species stands. Compared to leaf litter, fine roots decomposed slower and released less C. Interestingly, I found a net N release in decomposing fine roots but not in decomposing leaf litter, which suggests a distinct role of fine roots in the N cycle. In conclusion, I found that mixing tree species did not attenuate negative effects of climate change. However, this thesis demonstrates that promoting mixtures can still be beneficial for at least one of the admixed tree species, through species addition (i.e., complementing one tree species with another tree species), as one tree species may facilitate another via belowground fluxes of N and P
Books on the topic "Écologie des forêts – Effets du climat"
Canadian Forest Service. Science Branch. Climate change and forests : context for the Canadian Forest Service's Science Program =: Les changements climatiques et la forêt : contexte du Programme scientifique du Service canadien des forêts. Ottawa, Ont: Natural Resources Canada = Ressources naturelles Canada, 1999.
Find full textCourteau, Marianne. Effets des coupes forestières sur la disponibilité des sites de nidification pour le garrot à oeil d'or (Bucephala clangula) en sapinière boréale. Sainte-Foy, Qué: Service canadien de la faune, Direction de la conservation de l'environnement, 1997.
Find full textClimatic Change Information Meeting (1988 University of British Columbia). Climate change in British Columbia: Implications for the forest sector : developing a framework for response. Victoria, B.C: Forestry Canada, 1989.
Find full textCampbell, Elizabeth. Ecological resilience and complexity: A theoretical framework for understanding and managing British Columbias̉ forest ecosystems in a changing climate. Victoria: British Columbia, Ministry of Forests and Range, Forest Science Program, 2009.
Find full textVegetation of the earth and ecological systems of the geo-biosphere. 3rd ed. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 1985.
Find full textEnns, K. A. Impacts of hardwood management on British Columbia wildlife: Problem analysis. [Victoria, B.C.]: Forestry Canada, 1993.
Find full textDeLong, C. A field guide to site identification and interpretation for the north central portion of the Northern Interior Forest Region. Victoria: British Columbia, Ministry of Forests, Forest Science Program, 2004.
Find full textEnns, K. A. Effects of mechanical site preparation on wildlife in British Columbia: Problem analysis. Victoria, B.C: Canadian Forest Service, 1994.
Find full textGyug, Les Williams. Timber-harvesting effects on riparian wildlife and vegetation in the Okanagan Highlands of British Columbia. Victoria, B.C: British Columbia, Ministry of Environment, Lands, and Parks, Wildlife Branch, 2000.
Find full textAddison, Janet Anne. Response of soil invertebrates to clear-cutting and partial cutting in a boreal mixedwood forest in northern Ontario: Final report. Sault Ste. Marie, Ont: Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service, Great Lakes Forestry Centre, 1997.
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