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Academic literature on the topic 'Écologie des régions arides – Sahel'
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Journal articles on the topic "Écologie des régions arides – Sahel"
Servat, É., J. E. Paturel, H. Lubès-Niel, B. Kouamé, J. M. Masson, M. Travaglio, and B. Marieu. "De différents aspects de la variabilité de la pluviométrie en Afrique de l'Ouest et Centrale non sahélienne." Revue des sciences de l'eau 12, no. 2 (April 12, 2005): 363–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/705356ar.
Full textAcherkouk, Mohamed, Abdesselam Maatougui, and Mohamed Aziz El Houmaiz. "Communautés végétales et faciès pastoraux dans la zone de Taourirt-Tafoughalt du Maroc oriental: écologie et inventaire floristique. Vegetation and pasturelands in Taourirt-Tafoughalt (Eastern Morocco): ecology and flora." Acta Botanica Malacitana 36 (December 1, 2011): 125–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.24310/abm.v36i1.2773.
Full textGAYE, DEMBA. "Poussières désertiques et types de temps indicateurs du changement climatique." NAAJ, 2019, 73–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.46711/naaj.2019.1.1.5.
Full textHabou, Rabiou, Moussa Massaoudou, Tougiani Abasse, Mahamane Ali, Mahamane Larwanou, and Patrick Van Damme. "Structure et Régénération des Peuplements naturels de Balanites Aegyptiaca (L.) Del. et Ziziphus Mauritiana Lam. suivant un Gradient écologique dans la Région de Maradi au Niger." Afrika Focus 33, no. 1 (June 15, 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.21825/af.v33i1.16560.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Écologie des régions arides – Sahel"
Baup, Frédéric. "Apport des données ENVISAT/ASAR pour le suivi des surfaces continentales : application à la zone Sahélienne." Toulouse 3, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007TOU30083.
Full textThe international project AMMA, in which this work of thesis is linked, aims to improve comprehension of the phenomena related to monsoon in West Africa, and in particular, exchanges of energy between continental, oceanic surfaces and the atmosphere. Concerning continental surfaces, these exchanges are mainly controlled by vegetation quantity and soil moisture. In this context, the use of radar sensors, sensitive to these two factors, appears useful in areas where the cloud cover is often marked. However, no sensors used up to now (Wind SCatterometers and SAR) offers at the same time a wide spatial cover combined to high space and temporal resolutions. The SAR of second generation, such as the one on board ENVISAT, offers an interesting compromise between spatial and temporal resolutions. This work is based on the use of ENVISAT/ASAR data and is organized around three complementary axes: (1) Treatment and analyzes data acquired in Global Monitoring and Wide Swath modes. This study showed a stronger aptitude of this last one for the estimations of the soil moisture at kilometric scales, while keeping a large space cover. The use of radar data in a bi-objective assimilation algorithm, associated with optical data, helped to improve biomass and LAI estimation. (2) Acquisition of ground data (soil roughness and soil moisture) allowed us to determine, via radar models, that the radar signal is mainly controlled soil characteristics. (3) Empirical estimate and cartography of the soil moisture from radar signal. .
Jouve, Philippe. "Adaptation des systèmes de production à l'aridité au Maroc et au Sahel." Montpellier 3, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993MON30033.
Full textThis works oriented thesis presents the results of researches undertaken in morocco and in the sahel about the adaptation of agricultural production systemes to aridity. It comprises two volumes. In the first one, a foreword retraces the professional career of the author and indicates the main reasons of the choice of the thesis topic. Then a first part shows the main characteristics and the specificity of the aridity in morocco and in the sahel with their agronomical consequences as well. In the second part, the cropping systems adopted in the two zones are described and their practises and strategies against climatic hazards are analyzed. The third part is about the presentation and discussion of the results of researches geared at adapting the production systems to aridity. In particular, the pathways and means of improving the water availability of rain cultivation and the efficiency of rains. At last, the possibility to fight aridity through irrigation is examined. A comparative analysis of both the morocco and the sahelian, most contrasted experience in this field, allows to discuss the conditions of success of irrigation. The second volume gathers a selection of 18 publications of the author about the study of the agricultural production systems and their adaptation to aridity
Serie, Eric. "Contribution à l'étude des aérosols des régions arides et semi-arides : granulométrie, mesure des flux, signature électrique." Toulouse 3, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995TOU30159.
Full textDeiri, Walid. "Contribution à l'étude phyto-écologique et de la potentialité pastorale en Syrie aride." Montpellier 2, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990MON20315.
Full textWu, Weicheng. "Application de la géomatique au suivi de la dynamique environnementale en zones arides : exemple de la région de Nouakchott en Mauritanie, du Ningxia nord et du Shaanxi nord en Chine du nord-ouest." Paris 1, 2003. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00011113.
Full textJauffret, Sandrine. "Validation et comparaison de divers indicateurs des changements à long term dans les écosystèmes méditerranéens arides : application au suivi de la désertification dans le Sud tunisien." Aix-Marseille 3, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001AIX30066.
Full textAs many rangelands surrounding the Mediterranean Basin, the Tunisian arid zone, characterised by scattered steppic vegetation, is commonly viewed as degraded landscapes. In Arid Mediterranean regions, vegetation dynamics is indeed affected by hunian and non-human disturbances and stresses which induce desertification processes. In this context, the objectives of this research were to identify and validate various indicators of long term changes to provide information useful for the management of arid lands. The study is focussed on the understanding of 1) the structure and functioning of ecosystems and 2) the changes that occur in space and time in response to degradation. The ecological indicators allow us to describe different organisation levels from species to the ecosystem and the landscape. The diachronic comparison of vegetation maps of 1975 and 2000 allow a more complete diagnosis about the evolution of ecosystems and landscapes over the last three decades. .
Miranda, José Roberto. "Écologie des peuplements de Reptiles du tropique semi-aride brésilien (région d'Ouricuri-PE)." Montpellier 2, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986MON20154.
Full textMonroy, Ata Arcadio. "Installation de plantes pérennes de la zone aride soumises à des contraintes hydriques contrôlées et à des coupes." Montpellier 2, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989MON20025.
Full textIbrahim, Maimouna. "Impacts des changements d'usage des sols sur les ressources en eau souterraine au Sahel nigérien." Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013MON20046/document.
Full textIn semiarid sub-Saharan Africa, the rapid population growth (~3%.yr-1) during the past few decades has resulted in land clearing and large-scale conversion from savannah and fallow to rainfed or irrigation crop fields. The traditional duration of fallow has been also shortened. In order to estimate the impact of these land use changes on groundwater recharge, the vadose zone was investigated during three years (2009-2011) for two regions located in Niger (south-west and south-east).A qualitative analysis was first carried out for identifying vadose zone properties and for characterizing the corresponding water fluxes (0-10 m depth) for the main land use types: natural savannah; fallow; rainfed millet crop; and irrigated sweet pepper crop. Grain size and electrical resistivity profiles were established and soil water content and matric potential were monitored. Based on the results of this analysis, two more detailed investigations were performed.In southwestern Niger, in order to estimate changes in diffuse recharge from a fallow with Guiera senegalensis to a rainfed millet crop (Pennisetum sp.), a physically-based modeling with Hydrus-1D code was completed. Probability density functions were first built for the soil hydraulic parameters based on the GLUE approach; then, deep drainage (0-10 m depth) was simulated for a 2 × 100 year time-period including a fallow-millet conversion. It was shown that the increase in millet crop areas could result in an increase in deep drainage from 20 to 25 mm.yr-1 after a delay of 35 to 60 years.In southeastern Niger, in order to assess the impact of rainfed and irrigated cropping development on soil and groundwater salinization, major ion concentrations in pore water of the vadose zone were measured and compared with the geochemical composition of water inputs (rainfall, irrigation). It was shown that rainfed cropping does not affect soil water and groundwater quality whereas irrigation results in an increase of solutes concentrations in soil pore water, which could lead to a groundwater salinization at mid-term through soil leaching
Petit, Daniel. "Contribution à l'étude de l'évolution des Carduées et Lactucées (Composées)." Montpellier 2, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990MON20127.
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