Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Écologisme – Europe de l'Ouest'
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Vialatte, Jérôme. "Les partis verts entre ville et nature : un réalignement urbain en Europe occidentale." Bordeaux 4, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995BOR40030.
Full textThe green parties have not only projects about the rural business but also in direction of industrial towns, about their quality of life. Our thesis enter in parties classification made by stein rokkan, precisely in the rural-urban clivage. Our hypothesis consists to examine a socio-historic evolution of the ecologists, from their first naturalist behaviors to more urban actions, made by the local green councillors. The verification of this assumption will be large, in the space (western europe), the history (from the 70s), and the studies. Effectively, we studie the electoral impact of the greens, the sociological composition of the ecologists, the political investissement of green local councillors in urban politics, and finally the ecological discourse of these parties. With all these elements, we can examine the "rurality" or the "urbanity" of the greens. We separate the greens of their naturalists filiations of the scandinavian agrarian parties, to see in greens not "neo agrarian" but "neo urban" parties
Duceppe-Lamarre, François. "L'homme et la nature au Moyen Âge : naissance de l'écologie en Europe occidentale (Xe-XVIe siècles) : étude d'archéologie du paysage des milieux forestiers des comtés médiévaux d'Artois, d'Avesnes, de Flandre et d'Hainaut." Paris 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA010678.
Full textThough the word of ecology appears with its creator in 1866, man's relations with nature are older than that. It is in this sense that we have to understand the study of the environmental sensibility during the medieval period. Forested environment have been chosen for its biological diversity in the case of a landscape archeological research. Its geographical limits correspond to those of the Nord-Pas-de-Calais region, along with some inroads in the french region of Somme, Belgium and Netherlands countries, so mainly the medieval countries of Artois, Avesnois, Flandre and Hainaut. Problematic is double. First, it consists to treat the forested environment under the point of view of landscape archeology, but renewed by ecological considerations. After a valuation of its archeological characteristics, and only after, could be treated the question of management diversity, so, the plausibility of the birth of a medieval ecology. This one grows at the end of the medieval deforestation movement, elaborates itself mainly during the 13th and 14th centuries, through a succession of reflexions and managements of the abiotic and biotic components of the forested environment. Answering accurate situations, and so varying. With the time factor, medieval empirical ecology comes to light clearly at this moment for the cultural and natural heritage of Western Europe
Lemaire, Emmanuelle. "Biomarqueurs pigmentaires dans les estuaires macrotidaux européens." Bordeaux 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002BOR12539.
Full textCoiffard, Clément. "Changements synécologiques des flores du Barrémien au Campanien en Europe Occidentale." Lyon 1, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006LYO10266.
Full textThe Cretaceous is the time of rise to dominance of the angiosperms that dominates the present day vegetation. Hypotheses give an important role to ecology to explain this success. There is any global paleoecological study of the Cretaceous European floras. The Wagner’s Parsimony Method was used for the first time in palaeobotany. The distribution of the taxonomic groups allowed for understanding their ecology. During the Barremian, the Angiosperms were aquatic. From the Albian, they occurred in understory and then, during the Cenomanian, in every environment. The highly branched architecture of angiosperms was certainly an advantage compared to the monocauls plants, sensitive to disturbances. The angiosperm trees occupied unstable environments where they had an advantage because of their fast growing seedlings following Bond’s hypothesis whereas the palm trees replaced Taxodiaceae in the marshs during the Turonian, in relation with their peculiar architecture
Bignon, Olivier. "Diversité et exploitation des équidés au Tardiglaciaire en Europe occidentale : implications pour les stratégies de subsistance et les modes de vie au Magdalénien et à l'Azilien du Bassin parisien." Paris 10, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA100140.
Full textAnalysis of human societies and horse populations interactions is viewed in the Western Europe Late Glacial context, an unstable climatic and environnemental period. The diversity of equids have been realised toward three areas : the Paris Basin, the Switzerland Plateau, and the Charente. The usual morphometrics analysis of several anatornical parts come out onto a regional pattern of horse populations, distinct of the specific reference, Equus caballus arcelini, Guadelli 1991. The distribution areas fragmentation imply a low level of genetic flux between them, a high démographie density and the absence of large scale migrations. On the other hand, it could be pointed out that all those horses evolved in the same kind of habitats (lowland meadows, river banks, marshes). The analysis of the equids exploitation allow to understand the socio-economic features of Paris Basin's Madgalenian and early Azilian bands, helped by a comparative study of Switzerland Plateau Magdalenians. In those areas, the evidence of large butchery sites show a year round exploitation of horse harems, killed during collective hunts. Conversely, in the reindeer dominated sites, horses have been obtained by less ambitious hunts. The "functionnal complementary" model of Madgalenian sites seems to be the more probable, despite the radiocarbon plateau chronological uncertainties. In the early Azilian case, the exploitation strategies are distinguished by less efficient but repeted approach or chase hunts, at différent seasons. The probable coexistence of those two Paris Basin cultural entities could have been possible thanks to the large horse populations presence
Antoine, Delphine. "Tuberculose et migrations internationales en Europe de l'Ouest." Paris 10, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA100108.
Full textFollowing a decline since the beginning of last century, the tuberculosis incidence has stabilised or increased in several West European countries since mid 1980s. Tuberculosis tends now, in this region, to be concentrated in urban settings and in some population subgroups, especially in immigrants originating from high tuberculosis incidence countries. Analysis of epidemiological surveillance data between 1995 and 2001 in Europe shows that the tuberculosis risk is higher in persons from foreign origin than in nationals. This research aims to discuss possible reasons for the difference of tuberculosis risk between persons of foreign origin and nationals and for epidemiological change in tuberculosis number of cases and rates in population of foreign origin. Possible impact of migration conditions and living conditions of immigrant populations most at risk of tuberculosis will be taken into account
Bonnardin, Sandrine. "La parure funéraire du néolithique ancien en bassins parisien et rhénan : matériaux, techniques, fonctions et usage social." Paris 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA010578.
Full textComte, Bernard. "Rythme et modalités de l'évolution chez les rongeurs à la fin de l'OLigocène, leurs relations avec les changements de l'environnement." Montpellier 2, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998MON20234.
Full textLiouville, Marie. "Variabilité du Cerf Elaphe (Cervus elaphus Linné 1758) au cours du Pléistocène moyen et supérieur en Europe occidentale : approches morphométriques, paléoécologiques et cynégétiques." Paris, Muséum national d'histoire naturelle, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007MNHN0028.
Full textThe Red deer (cervus elaphus, Linné 1758) is a species often found in Pleistocene faunal assemblages. It is also known to show a quite important variability, with small or tall individuals depending on the site. To explain the possible causes of this variability, we undertook a biometrical anaysis of various deer populations, from Palaeolithic sites of different ages and palaeoecological contexts. To do so, we use in particular the V. S. I. (Variability Size Index), which allows a good inter-sites comparison, regardless of the sample size. Thanks to the several environment reconstruction methods, we are able to characterize the environment and climate in which the deer evolved. The comparison of biometrical and palaeocological data allows us to evaluate the robustness of the correlation between deer size and environment. In addition, our data are integrated in a more global study, analysing the way of life of different human groups. In fact, the description of the deer populations from the different archaeological contexts (number of remains, sex ratio, mortality curves) sheds light on the hunting practices, i. E. Opportunistic or selective
Blondel, Cécile. "Les ongulés à la limite Eocène/Oligocène et au cours de l'Oligocène en Europe occidentale : analyses faunistiques, morpho-anatomiques et biogéochimiques (delta13C, delta18O). Implications sur la reconstitution des paléoenvironnements." Montpellier 2, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996MON20247.
Full textGuy, Emmanuel. "Évolution des formes dans l'art figuratif paléolithique occidental : introduction à une grammaire stylistique." Paris 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA010635.
Full textOur research is centered upon the study of the means of representation in the figurative art of the hunters-gatherers of the upper palaeolithic. Far from reducing the study of style to a simple chronological tool (as is often the case) we wish to engage a vast exploration of the prehistoric figurative corpus, in order to demonstrate specific manners of representation. Indeed, every figure refers to a conventional range of forms that are indispensable to its legibility by the social group that it proceeds. This representational code conceived and developed by the group, constitutes a primary testimony of its particular world-view. Our objective was, therefore to establish, by rigourous observation, a grammar of palaeolithic forms which illuminates the transformations of the artistic vision, and in the sane time, those of the way of thinking of prehistoric cultures. Our stylistic approach permit to identify ten specific formal organisations. Of course, this first evaluation on prehistorical languages has to be completed later on, in order to better grasp their objectives tendancies, and goals
Dabkowski, Julie. "Analyse géochimique des tufs calcaires en domaine fluviatile ouest européen : reconstitution de variations des paléotempératures et des paléoprécipitations au cours des interglaciaires des stades 11 et 5." Paris, Muséum national d'histoire naturelle, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011MNHN0014.
Full textThe thesis aims to reconstruct Pleistocene interglacial climate variations in North-western Europe fluvial area, by development of geochemical proxies on calcareous tufas. Calcite stable isotope and trace element investigations from Pleistocene tufa sequences show that these formations are key-deposits for palaeoenvironmental studies and reconstructions of palaeotemperature and palaeorainfall relative variations during the interglacials. The first curves of climatic variations from Caours (Somme, MIS 5e), La Celle (Seine-et-Marne, MIS 11) and Condat (Dordogne, MIS 5) have been compared to palaeoenvironmental data from the determination in thin section of algae and bacteria precipitating tufa and from malacological assemblages, and to other continental and marine records. Moreover, synthesis of these data and those obtained for the Saint-Germain-le-Vasson tufa allows comparison between climatic conditions prevailing during MIS 5 and 11, and during the first half of the Holocene
Harti, Sainctavit Ghita. "Le gouvernement d'entreprise dans les grands groupes allemands, français et anglais : analyse contextuelle et comparative." Paris 9, 1997. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=1997PA090064.
Full textMost theorical and empirical papers published on corporate governance refer to an american conception of the topic. While reforming corporate governance is under consideration in Europe. It seems relevant to etablish a more general conceptual framework and to study european shemes. Thefore, this dissertation is aimed at defining and analysing current forms of corporate governance in Germany, France and England, corporate governance being defined as a formal organization of power between managers, shareholders and the board of directors. The analysis of agengy theory, corporate governance theories and also older control theories (financial, familial or management control) provides our theorical framework and suggests the existence of different forms of coporatce governance. The study of corporate law, whichformally organizes the relationship between shareholders, the board of directors and managers in each country - leads to identify the institutional characteristics of german, french and british corporate governance systems. A cluster analysis of a sample of 177 german, french and british firms reveals the existence of three distinct types of corporate governance, one for each country, which are not strictly determined by the legal framework. The empiracal study also shows that various patterns of corporate governance exist in each country. The study of these patterns - that were not all taken into account by former theories- suggests to extend the conceptual framework of corporate governance
Hervet, Sophie. "Le groupe " Palaeochelys sensu lato – Mauremys " dans le contexte systématique des Testudinoidea aquatiques du Tertiaire d'Europe occidentale : Apports à la biostratigraphie et à la paléobiogéographie." Paris, Muséum national d'histoire naturelle, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003MNHN0030.
Full textAmong freshwater Testudinoidea (sensu Gaffney & Meylan, 1988; Chelonii, Cryptodira) from the Tertiary of Western Europe, the "Palaeochelys sensu lato - Mauremys" group is defined, as is the "Ptychogasteridae " group, these groups are also re-considered in their paleobiogeographical context. Taxa from the "Palaeochelys sensu lato - Mauremys" complex, previously referred to Ocadia, Palaeochelys, Clemmys, Emys. . . Are redefined, and new taxa are described as well as new taxa of "Ptychogasteridae". The systematics and phylogeny of the Testudinoidae are studied, various phylogenies (Hirayama, 1985; Gaffney & Meylan, 1988) are discussed, new hypotheses are suggested. Two analyses of parsimony are made with 30 terminal taxa for the "Palaeochelys sensu lato - Mauremys" group and two outgroups (Platysternon megacephalum and Elkemys australis); 54 anatomical characters are described. An alternative hypothesis of phylogenetic relationships (not computerized) is proposed. An updated catalogue of the French Tertiary localities bearing chelonians is provided. The biostratigraphic and paleobiogeographical distribution of the various continental chelonian groups is studied, showing the palaeoenvironnemental and paleoecological significance of chelonians and the limits of their biostratigraphic significance
Augé, Marc Louis. "Les Lacertiliens (Reptilia, Squamata) du Paléogène d'Europe de l'Ouest : paléobiodiversité, évolution, paléobiogéographie." Paris, Muséum national d'histoire naturelle, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001MNHN0009.
Full textVan, de Velde Cécile. "Devenir adulte : sociologie comparée de la jeunesse en Europe." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004IEPP0045.
Full textLeveque, François. "Confrontations des données biochronologiques et magnétostratigraphiques dans les gisements continentaux du Paléogène européen : étalonnage temporel de l'echelle biochronologique mammalienne." Montpellier 2, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992MON20064.
Full textMarchand, Didier. "L'évolution des Cardioceratinae d'Europe occidentale dans leur contexte paléobiogéographique : Callovien supérieur, Oxfordien moyen." Dijon, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986DIJOS026.
Full textNí, Chonaill Bríd. "Les problèmes identitaires et linguistiques en Europe occidentale : les exemples occitan, irlandais et basque : thèse." Nice, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000NICE2015.
Full textSohn, Maïténa. "Du collectif à l'individuel : évolution des dépôts mobiliers dans les sépultures collectives d'Europe occidentale de la fin du IVe à la fin du IIIe millénaire av. J.-C." Paris 1, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA010717.
Full textTeyssandier, Nicolas. "En route vers l'Ouest : les débuts de l'Aurignacien en Europe /." Oxford : Archaeopress, 2007. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb410895793.
Full textMICHEL, SOPHIE. "La diffusion des services aux entreprises dans les systemes urbains francais : ouest-allemand et britannique (1850-1990)." Paris 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA010531.
Full textLooking at economic innovation's diffusion in three countries, is a way to enhance and explore urban systems pattern's influence on the system's functioning. West-germany, france and great-britain have been chosen, as each of them represent a very specific urban systems' type : the centralised type is represented with france, the polarised type with great- britain, and the network type with west-germany. A specific homogenised database is used here, built out from companies directories (the kompass ones). A diffusion process operate along three phases (appearance, expansion and saturation) which find their spatial counterparts in an urban perspective : a small number of cities is reached in the appearance phase, a great number in the expansion phase, a small number of remote cities in the saturation phase. Baring this in mind, national structural differences, due to the urban system's hierarchy could be enlighted. In a network type of system, as that of west- germany, a great number of high rank cities intensifies the diffusion speed in the appearance phase, whereas the process is slowed down in the expansion phase ; so much, that at the end of the period, the saturation stage is still to be reached. The opposite occurs in a centralised type of system as that of france : a very small number of cities is first reached, as the metropolitan level is poor and unbalanced with a very primatial capital city ; during the expansion phase, a large number of cities is concerned, and the diffusion's speed is high, so much that the saturation phase starts in 1990. In a polarised type, as that of great-britain, the diffusion speeds is high both in the appearance and the expansion phases. Tracing producer service's spatial diffusion from 1850, allows to underline a global tendency to add to the strength of the existing urban hierarchy rather than upset it. Indeed the activity is enhancing a major gap between a superior level of cities and the rest of the national urban system
Gautier, Mathilde. "Entre commerce et culture : les librairies-boutiques de musées d'art en Europe (France, Espagne, Italie, Belgique et Angleterre : approche socio-économique du commerce culturel." Paris 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA010604.
Full textRobert, Éric. "Les signes et leurs supports pariétaux : analyse comparée des rapports entre les représentations abstraites et les reliefs naturels dans les grottes ornées du Paléolithique supérieur au sein de l'espace franco-cantabrique." Paris 1, 2006. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01702797.
Full textSalladarré, Frédéric. "Flexibilités et sécurités sur les marchés du travail en Europe." Nantes, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008NANT4022.
Full textThis thesis analyses the relationships between forms of flexibility and types of security. Firstly, a historical perspective emphasises the consecration of a general and deliberate movement aiming to enhance worker security in the aftermath of the Second World War in several industrialised countries. We show the emergence since the middle of the 1970s of a general trend toward greater flexibility that depends on labour market institutional settings. Secondly, two forms of flexible employment are analysed according to security/insecurity types: temporary employment and part-time work. Business cycle and institutional factors are considered within a panel data analysis of several European countries from the middle of the 1980s. Temporary employment and part-time work are a mean to adjust employment level to business cycle. Several institutional factors aiming to secure workers influence flexible employment. From a microeconomic point of view, we turn to econometric qualitative data analysis with the European Social Survey covering 18 countries. We evidence that temporary employment and part-time work, especially when this latter is constrained, accumulate several sociodemographic and professional factors that are unfavourable to their security. Several decompositions allow us to show the preponderant dimension of gender in the relationship between flexibility and security
Rigoni, Isabelle. "Mobilisations et enjeux des migrations de Turquie en Europe de l'Ouest /." Paris ; Montréal (Québec) ; Budapest [etc.] : l'Harmattan, 2001. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb38886173f.
Full textBibliogr. p. 427-454. Notes bibliogr.
Quilliec, Bénédicte. "L'épée atlantique : échanges et prestige au Bronze final." Paris 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA010629.
Full textCallou, Cécile. "La diffusion du lapin (Oryctolagus cuniculus) en Europe occidentale : aspects historiques, biogéographiques, évolutifs et anthropologiques." Paris 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA010565.
Full textParrot, Maurice. "Les relations union europeenne - pays d'europe centrale et orientale : de la cooperation a l'adhesion." Paris 5, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA05D015.
Full textEuropean union - europe central and oriental countries are marked by the fact of the end of the confrontation of the bloks and the instauration of a cooperation. This relations are continentals. The esco principes, economic transition, law state and real democraty, adhesion perspective of europe central and oriental countries get us to sound apness to the right and the nature of the cooperation. The relations are coming within the framework of ideologicals and institutionnals fondations. They develop though the fonctioning of a cooperation. The ideological is traditionnal, he is only marked with the deeping of the european construction, and the end of the east and west confrontation. Institionnal frame is "normal", he is comming within the classicals instruments of the externals relations of the european union : coomercials and cooperation agreement, associations agreements, assistance communautaries programms. Means are old : asymetry to the commercials relations, gradation, conditionality. The fonctioning of the cooperation est usual : technical and financial cooperation, commercial cooperation, european union supply and duty from the recipients countries. The procedures and the fonctioning of the cooperation are not derogatories, they are traced on the internals communautaries instruments
Valdes, Béatrice. "La géographie du SIDA en Europe occidentale : une approche démographique." Bordeaux 4, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009BOR40024.
Full textThe objective of this work is to analyze the geography of AIDS in Western Europe throught the eyes of demography, in a perspective of understanding the differences existing between spaces on this matter, at various territorial levels. In this context, we sought to construct indexes eliminating the effect of differences in age structure, either for the intensity of the entries in AIDS or AIDS mortality. The study of national differences, of AIDS incidence and mortality from AIDS, in ten Western European countries confirm some specificities while relativizing others. The detailed analysis in Spain and Switzerland, in comparison with the results of work already done for France, confirms a huge concentration of the generational impact of AIDS, which is itself the result of the combination of a therapeutic cycle, an effect of age, a true effect of generation, excess mortality and AIDS in these three countries, very strong before the widespread use of multiple therapies significantly reduced since 1996, but that still remains. This is partly explained by differences in the weight of foreigners in the regional populations, particularly for certain ways of transmission. The study of differences in impact of AIDS among these subnational territories, that shows high consequences for the mortality at this geographical level, revealed also border effects more or less patents
Crabit, Emmanuel. "Recherches sur la notion d'espace judiciaire européen." Bordeaux 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987BOR1D012.
Full textThe notion of european judicial area can be interpreted in two ways. -on the one hand, it could encompass the different projets which are aimed at creating a new european cooperation on penal codes and practise and in the fight against terrorism (for example the project undertaken by giscard d'estaing or the "badinter proposals" in 1982. We will look in depth at the characteristics of these projects and the obstacles encountered, which have prevented their adoption (such as: the risk of contraveray on human rights or the right to asylum, competition with the work of the european council, and the difficulties of multilateral extradition treaties. -on the other hand, we can use this notion to signify the different examples of international cooperation already in place (for example bilateral or multilateral extradition treaties or judicial cooperation, the brussels convention of 27 september 1968, the judicial system of european communities, or the cedh mechanism). Although these level of cooperation do not constitute a unified and homogenous judicial area, it can be said that certain element exist which link then together both at "normatif" and institutional levels, confining our perspective to the possible creation of a european judicial area, we propose to develop these interconnection and fit together the judicial instruments that already exist
Salzbrunn, Monika. "Espaces sociaux transnationaux : pratiques politiques et religieuses liées à la migration des musulmans sénégalais en France et en Allemagne, en particulier pendant les campagnes électorales du nouveau Président du Sénégal, Abdoulaye Wade (1994-2001)." Paris, EHESS, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002EHES0051.
Full textEmonnot, Claude. "Intégration financière européenne et fiscalité des revenus du capital." Bordeaux 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994BOR1D035.
Full textIs capital icome tax diversity among member states of the european union and impediment to the optimal allocation of savng and investment among them? is it possible to maintain these differences or will they survive the increase in the degree of international capital mobility? could such a degree of tax autonomy be preserved? this work shaws that harmonization like tax competition are ill-suited solutions to the preceding problems. It porpose to adopt another method : european tax coordination and cooperation. Coodination means choosing a particular principle of international taxation : residence or source based taxes. Because the residence principle ensures equity among tax payers, capital export tax neutrality and an efficient allocation of capital in the european union, it should be prefered to source based taxation. But cooperation of a juridical nature is the condition that ensures the smooth running of coordination, by fighting against evasion to tax heavens. Finally a tax reform is needed to allow the coordination of taxation principle to succeed
Van, Vliet-Lanoë Brigitte. "Le rôle de la glace de ségrégation dans les formations superficielles de l'Europe de l'Ouest : processus et héritages." Paris 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA010668.
Full textBournois, Frank. "Europeanisation des grandes entreprises et gestion des cadres." Lyon 3, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990LYO33012.
Full textThis research deals with the issue of management development in large companies with a europe-oriented strategy. This research investigates the main problems posed and the principal solutions brought in practice before the enforcement of the single act in 1993. Different research methodologies were used to describe, analyse, understand and improve management development practices in companies : 1)40 intervews with managing directors and human resources directors were carried out across europe; they have underlined that their practices varied considerably according to the strategic objectives they were pursuing regarding 1993; a key issue was that of career management. 2)the analysis of a quantitative questionnaire filled in by 107 human resources directors highlighted that the nationality of the company was the main differentiating factor in their reponses regarding the structures and the policies of management development. 3)the reponses fo 179 managers from a large chemical french group showed that age, profesional occupation (production, sales or administration) and belonging to a given division strongly deermine the perceptions and behaviours of managers regarding their careers 4)a three-year observation of the process of eurpeanisation in a division of a french industrial group
Carrié, Jean-Philippe. "Élite et résidences rurales dans l' Occident tardif : fonctions et évolutions architecturales de l'habitat d'une classe sociale entre le IIIème et le VIIème siècle." Paris 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA010560.
Full textValéry, Raphaël. "L'enseignement du comportement social (courtoisie et bonnes manières) : en Europe occidentale aux XIIe et XIIIe siècles." Paris 5, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA05H103.
Full textThe first part of thesis analyses the sources of instruction of comportment during the twelfth and thirteenth centuries. They are limited to the sources of the saint empire, of Italy, Spain, France and England, in addition to documents written in vulgat language, French and Provencal, to testimonies, chronic, memory of contemporaries, as well as material support : manuscripts and libraries. If chronological evolution of this sort of instruction was little sensitive through those centuries, it is possible to verify that - on the contrary - regional traditions were well marked and sometimes visible within the Latin tradition. The second part studies more precisely the instruction of comportment in four directions : vocabulary, protagonists, biology, and pedegogy. The vocabulary confirms the existence of regional traditions and precises the social concern of the authors : integration of young people to the upper stratums, concern confirmed in turn through the study of protagonists. Pedagogy shows an informal teaching taking place in the form of readings, advises, mimic, experience. Conclusion separates interpretation, social, ideological and chronological problems from the final results in which the author groups sixteen affirmations, not only more punctual, but more certain aswell
Michel, Joël. "Le mouvement ouvrier chez les mineurs d'europe occidentale (grande-bretagne, belgique, france, allemagne) : etude comparative des annees 1880 a 1914." Lyon 2, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987LYO20023.
Full textFrom the middle of the 19th century to 1914, european coalfields are going through their golden age. After a frontier area, homogeneous communities are stabilizing, whose original characteristics are to be found in every mining area. Thanks to previous experiences and the economic upsurge at the end of the 1880's, mining communities free themselves from employers' pressures and set up strong organisations. The same union pattern is repeated everywhere : mass organisations on a rectrictive trade basis take a central part in community life, supply its needs and play the role of a labour party; they establish links on an international level but keep apart from national working class movements. The local peculiarities carried by the origins of the miners or ideological loyalties, mainly religious ones, tend to enhaunce the mining trade consciousness rather than to prevent organisation. The first part of the study shows how miners' unions are rooted in the economic setting and, above all, the work process and social hierarchical status it conveys, down from the face worker, and examines the relationships between a closely knit social group on a regional basis and the national frame. This kind of trade unionism is strictly determined by the occupational community which produces it, but identifies more and more with the project of a small elite which rules it. The collective biography of this elite and its social program give evidence that the idealistic figure of the "good workman" is not only imposed by the owners and that its values naturally comfort trade consciousness and the building of a stable and efficient machinery. Therefore, mining unions, though strike-prone, deeply rely on pacific means of action. Among the first to practice conciliation, even if the progress of wages tend to a standstill, they get their main success in the legislative field. In the decade before the war, a shift in the owners' attitudes, sociological and technical changes affecting the men, new links with the wider society shatter trade union consciousness and compel organisations to adapt when dissident movements appear
Heran, Marie Anne. "Mammifères et climat : reconstitutions paléoclimatiques du Cénozoïque d'Europe occidentale sur la base des faunes fossiles." Lyon 1, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006LYO10188.
Full textMammals are often used for palaeoclimatic reconstructions. Two approaches have been considered: relationships between diversity and climate and isotopic composition of oxygen from phosphate of rodent teeth. The study conducted on recent worldwide faunas revealed significant correlations between climatic parameters and species richness for various taxa of ungulates and insectivores. An application to Miocene faunas from France has been realised. Evolution of delta18O has been studied for Southern Germany (late Eocene to middle Miocene), Centre-East and Southern France (Miocene). Variations are similar to the known climatic evolution during the Cenozoic and temperature estimations in the same order of values than those obtained by other methods. Some observed differences may be explained by geographical contexts which are peculiar to Europe and to each studied region
Gaspard, Danièle. "Sellithyridinae, terebratulidae du crétacé d'Europe occidentale : dynamique des populations, systématique et évolution." Dijon, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985DIJOS006.
Full textGlauser-Matecki, Antoinette. ""Un aspect du cycle de mai en Europe occidentale : rites et coutumes des calendes de mai : la nuit de mai"." Paris, EHESS, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996EHES0108.
Full textThe festve customs of may's cycle carry a message about the "passage" of the time, main line of this research. They find in the "may night" date of the sacerdotal celebration of beltaine in the celtic calendar, their myth of origin. The christian ceremony of this period gather together pratices, legends linked to this "passage" of the time. In the middle ages the customs of the may tree with the youth's groups contribution can be interpretated as initiatory rituals. Some field investigations about "may poles" show that the custom can be analysed from its place in the calendar through the permanency of the function it carries out. Characters as the "feuillus" are linked to customs of water's cycle and to the "red moon". Kings of may or may couples parade nowaday during the first days of may when, according to popular beliefs, weddings and births were unlucky. The first of may's cavalcades giving way to the traditional walpurgis night's witches belong as the "klausen" of the german-speaking switzerland to the "wild hunt". Some themes of the celtic mytology left traces in the may folklore. The revival of nature corresponding to the year's one, imposed customs linked tocoronation, sexuality and the next woorld
Chakroun, Najib. "Migration des cadres maghrébins en Europe occidentale : l'exemple de la France et de la Suisse romande." Paris 8, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA081083.
Full textThe migration of professional maghreb people from the maghreb (algerians, moroccans and tunisians) residing in western europe and specially in france and "suiss-roman" is a new phenomenal which superimpose itself on the migration of workers and which constitutes a recent vane in the system of the economic structures of the european countries. The migration of maghrebs people raises questions because of its progressive implementation related to its old history, but accomplished above all at the expanse of participation in the development processes of the host countries. This migration is mainly a complex of re deployment of identity references, of separation between citizenship and nationality, at the same time when there is a multiplication of community networks at the international level, that constitutes a phenomena of "diasporas" because of the acceleration of urbanization. The migration of professionals is the expression of the impact of inter-ethnic relations on the nation-state and their consequences, such as xenophobia, racism, pluralism of national of race and racism of color. At the institutional level, the people from maghreb are not well represented, because they lack the recognition of the legal status of "citizen", at the same level of the european nationalities. To date for several paradoxes and specially ethnic, geographic and religious, the integration of the maghreb populations is blocked
Ali, Bacha Rabah. "Les blessures de guerre à la fin du Moyen Age." Lille 3, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010LIL30030.
Full textThere has been a considerable amount of historical investigations about Middle-Ages weapons, major battles, or battle plans, but only a few talks about the key subject of the battles : the warriors' bodies and the wounds they could be submitted to. Based upon Western Europe 14th and 15th centuries and the numerous wars they witnessed, this survey study aims at dealing with a topic historiographers have to often neglected up to now. Relying upon book-keeping works, chronicles, fencing and surgery treatises as well as archeology - more precisely forensic in paleontology - this approach with deal with the wounds in Middel-Age wars from three points of view : traumas, logistics and finally surgery. As a result, we first intend to provide a survey about the different types of injuries that could be inflicted, the different parts of the bodies mainly affected, and finally we'll comment upon the efficiency of the blows and stabs then inflicted. Then we intend to present the various way in practice to attend to the victims of war. So we'll deal with their opportunities to get nursed, the way they were taken away from the battle fields and the sites they were attended to. The third and last point will deal with the wounds thet were treated. Not only will it aim at presenting the doctors and surgeons in care of the fighting troops, but also describing the surgerey tools and the medicine then in use. We'll finally comment upon the emdical care of those remote times
Cauquil, Xavier. "La ville et l'entreprise aujourd'hui en Europe : conceptualisation et catégorisation des initiatives locales de développement économique." Montpellier 3, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999MON30023.
Full textJörnmark, Jan. "Coal and steel in Western Europe 1945-1993 : innovative change and institutional adaptation /." Göteborg : Department of economic history, University of Göteborg, 1993. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb35599961n.
Full textLiao, Kunming. "La politique de la République populaire de Chine à l'égard de l'Europe occidentale." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1990IEPP0012.
Full textThis thesis intends to give an overall study of the Western-Europe policy of the People's Republic of China: its origins, birth, evolution, present state and perspective. It tries to treat the western Europe as an entity in international relations and therefore, as an object of a foreign policy. The researches here are divided in three parts. The first studies the origins of Beijing's European policy, its political standpoint on some major European problems, China's relations with some big European countries during 1950s and 1960s, and the environment in which this policy was born. By this study are shown some profound forces often weighing on China's foreign policy and her eventual European policy. The second part describes the birth and the evolution of this policy from 1970s to early 1980s, and expounds its content, means and objectives, successes and failures. Both the maoist era and the post-maoist era are included in this part because the nature of this policy remained identical during the periodes. The third part discusses developments of this policy, its continuity and discontinuity, in 1980s and its perspective in a foreseeable future. As the thesis has been achieved before the fall of berlin wall, which has broken, for the first time, the balance of power between the east and the west since the end of world war II, author's some points of view shoulds be reconsidered and modified. At the end, the general conclusion of this thesis gives some fundamental characteristics of this policy
Rigoni, Isabelle. "Mobilisations, actions et recompositions : migrants de Turquie et réseaux associatifs en France, en Allemagne et en Belgique." Paris 8, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA081652.
Full textCouharde, Cécile. "Intégration économique, union monétaire et déséquilibres structurels entre les pays de la Communauté européenne." Paris 13, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA131012.
Full textThe research studies the compatibility between the european monetary union and countries with different economic levels. To begin with, the structure of emu and its main benefits expected by the commission of the european communities are to be pointed out. Moreover, these benefits are to be analysed under problematic points that govern their virtous connexions. As a main stake, the thesis shows how a close analysis of the delors report underestimates the role of national adjustments in the success of the monetary union. In particular, the emu might penalize the catching up of southern european countries and thus lead to possible divergent pattern of development. Then, it is required to examine the process under wich some reequilibrating mechanisms should be defined. Literature on fiscal federalism currency analysed under the specifities lighted out for the united states, reveals mechanisms that nowadays particulary lack the european project. The historical point of view concerning the converging process in the united states provides some facts on the reequilibrating system inside the american states themselves and thus draw some striking conclusions about the european debate. Far beyond the similarities and differences, this historical outlook highlights that the structural comptability of a monetary union along with the catching up can not be summarized to the simple question of fiscal federalism
De, Bellet Marc. "La politique extérieure roumaine et l'Europe de l'Ouest entre 1965 et 1972 : présentation officielle et perceptions occidentales." Paris 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA010705.
Full textThe aim of this thesis is to study the rumanian foreign policy towards western europe, and specially towards france and the federal republic of germany. The use of its foreign policy by the rumanian communist party facing the rumanian population was included in a strategy of legitimization in which nationalist rhetoric was emphasized. This strategy was one of the major fondation of the consolidation of n. Ceausescu's personnal power. In the second part of the work, we study the influence this policy received in western europe. This work on french and west-germans newspapers is very revealing of western perceptions towards the rumanian deviant foreign policy
Chegrouche, Lagha. "La dynamique de l'industrie gazière en Europe de l'ouest : contribution à l'analyse des pouvoirs de marché des producteurs et des transporteurs." Paris 13, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA131001.
Full textThis study analyses the dynamics of the european gas industry as mani fested through the market powers of both producers and carriers. Within this framework, we have attempted to define the patterns prevailing in these market powers and then to estimate the aggregate surplus of the gas industry, which is a concrete expression of these market powers. As a first step we propose an analysis of the basic conditions of the gas industry that allows us to obtain an understanding of the competition dynamic ruling over the productin and market conditions. Then, an examination of the market structures brings to fore two characteristic logics of this industry. One of these is a network logic that provides the basis of economies of scale and density. The other, a contractual logic, i. E. Prices and quantitites, in a logic through which the relative market forces are expressed. The third and final step comprises a review and analysis of the actors strategies from the standpoint of quantities as well as of prices. At this point we are able to identity the gas rent creation and capturing processus which we then proced to evaluate for each actor, for each market and on a european scale