Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Économétrie des données de panel'
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Dongmo-Kengfack, José Nadège. "Les relations de long terme entre la notation des banques par les agences et leur valorisation." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LORR0319/document.
Full textThe distinctiveness and uniqueness of this research lies in the fact that it studies the long-term effects of credit rating on the value of banks rather than its immediate impact on the shares’ market price. The context of this research is the subprime crisis period of 2007-2008 during which banking stocks declined dramatically. This crisis caused a reawakening of interest in the study of credit rating and its impact on rated companies, especially when the rated companies are banks. The central question is to know how and to what extent credit rating helps to explain the long-term valuation of banks. How does the bank rating affect their performance, their governance, their capital structure, and therefore their value? Reciprocally, how does banks valuation impact their credit ratings? Our research follows the path of previous studies showing the impact of credit rating on the value of companies, but our approach is different. On one hand we focus only on the banking sector which is particular, and where the impact of credit rating can be different and stronger than on the other companies or industrial groups. On other hand we mobilize corporate governance approach that highlights the link between governance and valuation (Charreaux G., 1997; Gompers et al., 2003, Rob Bauer et al., 2003; Barth, Caprio and Levine, 2004; Levine, 2004). We also mobilize the neo-institutional theory developed by Meyer and Rowan (1977), Scott and Meyer (1983), DiMaggio and Powell (1991, 1997) and North (1990) that highlights the impact of institutions on organizations, their management and performance. These two approaches allow us to describe and analyze the ways and means by which credit rating can impact banks values in the long term, particularly by inspiring banks to use the “best practices” disseminated in the rating methodologies for banks. We try to empirically validate this analysis through a quantitative and econometric approach, using data from international databases such as Bloomberg, Bankscope and Fininfo about 161 large banks from 18 countries over the period 2001 to 2010. After building uniform credit rating indicators, we use bivariate analysis, regressions on panel data, Granger causality tests and multinomial logit model to test our assumptions. Our results show that one notch downgrade of a bank financial strength rating seems to cause a significant decrease of its valuation. This impact is not significant in a crisis period. The effect of the issuer credit rating on bank valuation is not significant. However, Granger causality tests show a feedback loop between the issuer credit rating, the weighted average cost of debt and the size of banks. The results of a logit multinomial model show that the bank financial strength ratings assigned by the rating agencies are influenced by the bank valuation indicators only for the years 2008 and 2009
Pirotte, Alain. "Court terme et long terme en économétrie : l'apport de la cointégration aux données de panel." Paris 12, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA122009.
Full textBen, Salah Henda. "Démocratisation du système éducatif français : analyse à l'aide de l'économétrie des données de panel." Aix-Marseille 3, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007AIX32003.
Full textAzomahou, Théophile. "Dépendance spatiale et structure de données de panel : application a l'estimation de la demande domestique d'eau." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000STR1EC08.
Full textThis thesis deals with the estimation of spatial models with applications to the residential demand for drinking water. The main results are of two-fold. From a theoretical viewpoint, I investigate the asymptotic biais of the ordinary least squares estimator for spatial autoregressive models. I show that this estimator is biased as well as inconsistent regardless of the distribution of the disturbance. For the general spatial model, I show that the generalized method of moments (GMM) estimator of Kelejian and Prucha (1998, 1999) matches the asymptotic least squares procedure. Then, I suggest an efficient estimation of the general model based on optimal nonparametric instruments. I also provide a consistent (in probability) nonparametric estimatior of the sample autocovariances function for an irregularly spaced spatial process. I then derive the consistency in norm L2 of the resulting asymptotic variance-covariance matrix estimator. Finally, the asymptotic distribution of the GMM estimator is stated. From an empirical viewpoint, I investigate spatial dependence in the residential demand for water from two panel data samples. Estimation results indicate spatial patterns in households' demand for drinking water
Boussaa, Najet. "Théorie financière contemporaine et PME : une analyse économétrique sur données de panel." Paris 10, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA100028.
Full textLakssissar, Ahmed. "Les effets de la proximité sur les relations technologiques : une identification empirique à l'aide de l'économétrie des données de panel, le cas des entreprises françaises." Aix-Marseille 3, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008AIX32047.
Full textPauchet, Marianne. "Rigidités de la demande de travail et incertitude : une analyse économétrique sur données de panel." Paris 10, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA100054.
Full textSassenou, Mohammed. "Recherche-développement et productivité dans les entreprises japonaises : une étude économétrique sur données de panel." Paris, EHESS, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988EHES0062.
Full textThe japaneese economy went through the oil crisis with less difficulty than did other western economies. The important efforts in research-develoment (rd) undergorne by the local firms largely contributed to the structuring of industrial capacities. We work with a sample of 394 firms, between 1973 and 81. Our initial theoritical assumption is that of the standard cobbdouglas function with rd capital. In the first part of this work we estimate our model with crosssection data. The estimations show a specific impact of the rd on the productivity level and furthemore evidence of a sectorial external effect from the rd. The general results appear to be robust with concern to the chosen sample, the measuring of the variables and the specification of the production functions. In the second part we estimate our model in the within-firm time series dimension. Evidence is found of a link between progress in productivity and growthin rd expenses. These estimations, in comparison of those found with cross-section data appear non robust and largely dependent of the definition and measure of the variables. In the last part we propose a model to the french industry that takes account not only of rd but also of the qualification of the employers and the rate of technical progress enbodied in capital. And finaly we compare our results with other studies based on american, french and japaneese data
Adaskou, Mohamed. "Le financement des PME en France : une analyse de l'endettement." Thesis, Paris Est, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PEST0081.
Full textThis thesis attempts to analyze the relevance of existing financial theory, referenced to the theoretical models that shed light on the financial behaviour of large enterprises, in explaining the specificity of the financial structure of French Small and Middle Enterprises (SMEs).More specifically, it identifies and analyzes empirically the determinants of capital structure (total debt ratio) and debt structure (debt ratio over the short, medium and long term) of these enterprises. There is a large body of literature on this issue the theorem of Modigliani and Miller (1958). The first chapter 1 is devoted to the presentation and definition of ouranalytical framework. Chapter 2 outlines the requirements and sources of financing of French SMEs. Chapter 3 discusses the investment and financing decisions, with reference to the theory of compromise, agency theory, signal theory, pecking order theory, and creditrationing theory ; the specific financial structure of SMEs can be better understood when one takes into account conflicts of interest and information asymmetries. In the last two chapters,we study the behaviour of finance from a sample of 1520 French SMEs released from DIANE dataset over the period from 2000 to 2004. The regression results show that inter-companycredits play a role as signal to creditors, which do not have private information about the company. Access to debt is strongly dependent on the ability of the company to offer guarantees. Finally, our results indicate the existence of constraints on access to finance forsmall businesses and the financing choices are affected by their age and the industry to which they belong
Sallenave, Audrey. "Mésalignements des taux de change et croissance économique : quatre essais empiriques." Thesis, Paris 10, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA100144.
Full textThis thesis attempts to shed new light on the link hotly debated and contested between exchange rates fluctuations and economic growth. We sought to report under various empirical exercises the impact of misalignments on economic growth in many developed, emerging and developing countries since the 1980s until the most recent period. The four empirical applications of this thesis and all intended to answer this question, but from different angles of view. Three main contributions come from our thesis. The first on is to identify the impact of exchange rate misalignments on economic growth, and its evolution accross time. We have shown that misalignments are harmful for growth throughout the following period (1980-2010) and the gradual reduction of their magnitude is accompanied by a reduction of their impact on economic growth in the major economies G7. The second contribution of this thesis lies in the search for a possible non-linearity in the misalignment-growth nexus. Using a threshold model, we have highlighted the existence of non-linearities in the relationship between misalignments and growth. The third contribution of this thesis lies in the analysis of the international transmission of currency misalignments on economic growth for both developed and emerging markets. Thus, using a GVAR model, we investigate the effects of overvaluation and undervaluation of the dollar, the euro and the renminbi on their own growth, but also that of their partners. The results highlight the leadership of the U.S. economy in global growth, but it also appears that the reduction of global imbalances is not linked to an adjustment of the dollar
Yol, Nicolas. "Les effets macroéconomiques des envois de fonds dans les pays d'origine des migrants : croissance économique, vulnérabilités et politiques publiques." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017BORD0835/document.
Full textThis thesis studies the impacts of remittances in migrants' origin countries. Six different chapters focus on economic growth, volatility and public policies. The first chapter aims to estimate the impacts of remittances on growth through several channels: households' consumption, investment and exports. It is shown that remittances stimulate internal demand, while exports are reduced. The second chapter proposes a stock-flow consistent model for Moldova and suggests that remittances spread external shocks to the Moldovan economy. Chapter three shows that migrants' concentration in few host countries, as well as their instability, increase the volatility of remittances. Chapter four stresses that instable remittances enhance output growth volatility in migrants' origin countries when associated with important trade flows between both origin and destination countries. The fifth chapter focuses on public health spending and shows that remittances increase out-of-pocket health expenditure while crowding-out public health expenditure. The last chapter highlights the role of remittances on the economic development of Moldova. It suggests that both households and government revenues depend on remittances, whose fluctuations cast doubts about the economic sustainability of the Moldovan model of development
Benjelloun, Anas. "Les déterminants des IDE polluants : application aux IDE espagnols en Amérique latine et en Europe." Thesis, Aix-Marseille 3, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011AIX32052.
Full textWe have plotted a complex link between Economy and Environment, consequently we could determined the main objective of this thesis which was on one hand to highlight various papers and studies about the theory of contamination havens and about others competitive theories, and on another hand, to propose an empirical contribution to these theories. Thus, by evaluating the attractiveness of Latin America and Europe for Spanish manufacturing corporations involved in sectors known as contaminated, we focused on the fact that the determinants of this attract to both regions don’t follow the same way. In order to fulfill this specific study, we have used a gravity model developed using econometric panel data. Indeed, we have built our four main chapters of the thesis around these major points. The results obtained can argue that effects of contamination havens effectively exist in Latin America, strengthening conclusions put out by the defenders of this theory. Moreover, the place where are located Spanish contaminating manufacturing in thisregion are determined by the existence of agglomeration economies, skilled labor market, a weak engagement in environment issues united to a high level of corruption governmental institutions.In consequence, we can add that the Spanish government in this zone feels less concerned by the quality of way of life and liberty of citizens than by levels of taxes and size of domestic market. Concerning the Spanish implementation of strategies in these Europeans countries, the most relevant are horizontal strategies which seem to dominate internationalization process in Spanish contaminating manufacturing. These ones seem to pay attention to the quality of skilled labor forces, strength of infrastructure, agglomeration economies and access to the market more than the control of environmental local policies
Sehi-Bi, Ballo Blizand. "Impact de la mondialisation sur la taille de l’État : analyse théorique et empirique sur un panel de pays à revenu élevé, intermédiaire et faible." Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019UBFCG008.
Full textThe impact of globalization on the size of the state: theoretical and empirical analysis on high-income, middle-income and low-income countriesMany years after the General Theory of Keynes (1936), which promotes the role of the public sector in economic stabilization, the debate between the supporters of Keynesianism and the partisans of « laissez-faire » remains controversial, despite the Great Recession of 2008-2009 that could have marked a definitive return, or at least for a long time, to the intervention of the state in the economy. The thesis aims to analyze the effects of globalization on the size of the state through the measurement of the impact of economic growth and economic openness. We also measure the impact of the budget balance on the trade balance. To do this, we use on the one hand, a vector autoregressive model (VAR) in a panel, that we estimate by the GMM method. On the other hand, we also implement methods applicable to dynamic heterogeneous panels (PMG, MG and DFE). Ours results suggests that, the link between economic growth and public spending is a function of the nature of spending and changing inequality (in high-income countries). It also show that in high- and middle-income countries, the relationship between fiscal and current balances depends on changes in output; the current account also influences the budget balance in middle-income countries. Finally, the work reveals that trade openness can lead to some inefficiency of public action through lower tax revenues
Rougieux, Paul. "Modelling European Forest Products Consumption and Trade in a Context of Structural Change." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LORR0004/document.
Full textForests in the European Union grow by 1.2 billion m³ per year. Half of this volume stays in the forest, in particular for sustainable forest management purposes. The other half flows into three industrial sectors: wooden material, paper products and wood energy. These industrial product flows are set into motion and paid for by diverse final consumers. Since 2000, consumption is undergoing important structural changes which cause large disturbances in material, paper and fuel flows. To predict the impact of these changes, economists model relationships between raw material supply, final products demand, prices, production and international trade. This thesis uses panel data econometrics to estimate parameters of empirical models. An introductory chapter sets the policy context of forest resources and forest products of interest at a macroeconomic level. Then I review major forest sector models and I focus on issues encountered while estimating parameters of demand models. A second chapter investigates the potential impact of a trade agreement between the EU and the US on the forest sector. We found that total welfare would increase in the region of the agreement, in addition the agreement benefits more to consumers than to producers. Results show that third party countries are impacted by the agreement too, which highlights the importance of using a global trade model in analysing the impacts of the agreement. In a third chapter I estimate revenue and price elasticities of demand for forest products on a panel of European countries. I deal with non stationarity issues and estimate demand elasticities within cointegrated panels. I demonstrate that revenue elasticities of demand are lower than previous estimates from the literature. Simulations using these robust elasticities in a forest sector model, show a lower demand over a 20 years time horizon. In a fourth chapter, I analyse structural changes in paper products consumption. For this purpose, I use a panel threshold model to estimate the relationship between information technology use and paper products consumption: newsprint, printing and writing paper. I show how paper demand elasticities depend on internet penetration in the population. Thresholds occur once a majority of the population has access to the internet. After the threshold, coefficients between paper consumption and its explanatory variables revenue and price become smaller in absolute terms or even change sign. Based on projections of the number of internet users per country, paper consumption projections could be updated with this type of thresholds models. From a policy perspective, lower demand for graphics paper would free resources and make them available for innovative forest products and services
Lajili, Oualid. "Libéralisation financière, ouverture politique et croissance économique dans les pays en voie de développement." Thesis, Toulon, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015TOUL2014/document.
Full textThe purpose of this thesis is to study the relationship between financial integration, political openness and growth in developing countries. In fact, political reforms and financial liberalization was the slogan of the international financial institutions which conditioned the granting of financial aid to the implementation of certain reforms in favor of democracy and more respect of human rights in addition to more financial integration. Our empirical investigation covers a sample of 108 developing countries between 1984 and 2008 and uses both static and dynamic panel data estimation in addition to the new causality test in heterogeneous panel. Our results show that financial liberalization positively impact growth directly and through indirect channel like Investment, trade and macroeconomic stability. It also favors financial development and promotes human capital. Even though, democracy doesn’t directly influence growth, it has an indirect positive effect on it through favoring international trade in addition to financial and human capital development. Otherwise, political instability negatively affects growth directly but also indirectly through decreasing investment and increasing inflation. Finally, our results suggest the existence of a bidirectional relationship between financial integration and democracy. In the other side, the relationship between financial integration and political stability is more specific and depend upon regionals characteristics of the country
Xu, Zelai. "Urbanisation et Croissance des Villes en Chine." Phd thesis, Université d'Auvergne - Clermont-Ferrand I, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00266936.
Full textNotre étude suggère que la Chine a connu un retard de l'urbanisation dû aux stratégies d'industrialisation particulières (biais de l'industrie lourde avant les réformes et industrialisation rurale après les réformes) et au caractère incomplet des marchés des facteurs de production (le travail et la terre, entre autres) ; les villes ne sont pas assez grandes pour exploiter les économies d'agglomération. Avec l'approfondissement des réformes économiques, la Chine doit poursuivre cette transformation structurelle rurale/urbaine car le développement de l'économie urbaine va constituer l'un des moteurs de la croissance économique du pays. Les politiques destinées à promouvoir l'urbanisation doivent consister à améliorer les institutions sur les marchés des facteurs de production, et à relâcher les restrictions sur la taille des villes.
Lajili, Oualid. "Libéralisation financière, ouverture politique et croissance économique dans les pays en voie de développement." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Toulon, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015TOUL2014.
Full textThe purpose of this thesis is to study the relationship between financial integration, political openness and growth in developing countries. In fact, political reforms and financial liberalization was the slogan of the international financial institutions which conditioned the granting of financial aid to the implementation of certain reforms in favor of democracy and more respect of human rights in addition to more financial integration. Our empirical investigation covers a sample of 108 developing countries between 1984 and 2008 and uses both static and dynamic panel data estimation in addition to the new causality test in heterogeneous panel. Our results show that financial liberalization positively impact growth directly and through indirect channel like Investment, trade and macroeconomic stability. It also favors financial development and promotes human capital. Even though, democracy doesn’t directly influence growth, it has an indirect positive effect on it through favoring international trade in addition to financial and human capital development. Otherwise, political instability negatively affects growth directly but also indirectly through decreasing investment and increasing inflation. Finally, our results suggest the existence of a bidirectional relationship between financial integration and democracy. In the other side, the relationship between financial integration and political stability is more specific and depend upon regionals characteristics of the country
Benjelloun, Anas. "Les déterminants des IDE polluants : application aux IDE espagnols en Amérique latine et en Europe." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Aix-Marseille 3, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011AIX32052.
Full textWe have plotted a complex link between Economy and Environment, consequently we could determined the main objective of this thesis which was on one hand to highlight various papers and studies about the theory of contamination havens and about others competitive theories, and on another hand, to propose an empirical contribution to these theories. Thus, by evaluating the attractiveness of Latin America and Europe for Spanish manufacturing corporations involved in sectors known as contaminated, we focused on the fact that the determinants of this attract to both regions don’t follow the same way. In order to fulfill this specific study, we have used a gravity model developed using econometric panel data. Indeed, we have built our four main chapters of the thesis around these major points. The results obtained can argue that effects of contamination havens effectively exist in Latin America, strengthening conclusions put out by the defenders of this theory. Moreover, the place where are located Spanish contaminating manufacturing in thisregion are determined by the existence of agglomeration economies, skilled labor market, a weak engagement in environment issues united to a high level of corruption governmental institutions.In consequence, we can add that the Spanish government in this zone feels less concerned by the quality of way of life and liberty of citizens than by levels of taxes and size of domestic market. Concerning the Spanish implementation of strategies in these Europeans countries, the most relevant are horizontal strategies which seem to dominate internationalization process in Spanish contaminating manufacturing. These ones seem to pay attention to the quality of skilled labor forces, strength of infrastructure, agglomeration economies and access to the market more than the control of environmental local policies
Pham, Thuy Van. "Ancrage nominal du taux de change et coûts de la désinflation : une estimation économétrique." Phd thesis, Université Panthéon-Sorbonne - Paris I, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00198619.
Full textGbenyo, Kodzo-Kuma. "La réforme des retraites en France entre répartition et capitalisation : analyse économique de deux dilemnes." Thesis, Paris Est, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PEST3011.
Full textThis dissertation tries to define an optimal retirement system for France based on economic,social and financial criteria. It reviews the reforms that have been undertaken since thepublication of the Livre Blanc sur les retraites in 1991, and highlights additional measuresthat could be implemented to enhance these reforms. The dissertation is structured around twomain ideas: on the one hand, the main reforms (Balladur, 1993 and Fillon, 2003) are ofparametric nature and intend to preserve intergenerational solidarity; on the other hand, undercertain conditions, they can be improved by incorporating a funded system. The analysis relyon both a theoretical framework, notably overlapping generations models, and anempirical approach to assess the impact of additional capitalization on national saving.Overall, the dissertation aims to show that the authorities face two main dilemma whendealing with the retirement crisis: (1) keep the current retirement system, which does notencourage the elderly to remain in the workforce, or move toward a funded system at the riskof giving up intergenerational solidarity; (2) what dose, forms and regulations of fundingcould stimulate national savings?
Pradines-Jobet, Florian. "L’influence du cadre et de l’orientation des politiques macroéconomiques sur la stabilité du système bancaire." Thesis, Orléans, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019ORLE0503.
Full textThis thesis analyses the effects of the policy framework and the stance of macroeconomic policies through three essays. The first chapter investigates how the stringency of macroeconomic policy frameworks impacts the cost of systemic banking crises. We show that by combining discipline and flexibility, some policy arrangements that are based on constrained discretion, can significantly reduce the output losses related to banking crises. The second chapter focuses on the influence of the central banks' preferences on the banking sector vulnerability. The econometric analysis shows that a high degree of central bank conservatism increases banking system instability. Finally, the third chapter empirically assesses how effective macroprudential policies are in curbing banking credit growth, and whether their effectiveness is affected by monetary policy conditions. The results show that a tightening in macroprudential policies reduces credit growth in a more effective way when monetary policy is restrictive. We therefore confirm the need for coordination between macroprudential and monetary policies
Durand, Pierre. "Efficacité de la règlementation prudentielle bancaire : le retour du ratio de levier." Thesis, Paris 10, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020PA100075.
Full textThis thesis focuses on the evaluation of banking prudential regulation efficiency. It also proposes public policy recommendations to improve existing prudential requirements. In the first chapter, we question the macroeconomic objective of Basel III: ensure financial stability. To this end, we propose a method for calculating a financial stability indicator. We then assess the effect of capital and liquidity ratios on this indicator. Our results highlight the need to consider the existence of non-linearities in the link between prudential ratios and financial stability. We also stress that an aggregated and consensual measure of financial stability isessential for assessing the effectiveness of regulation. In our second chapter, we look at the impact of capital, leverage and liquidity ratios from a microeconomic perspective. Specifically, we assess their predictive power and marginal impact on banks' probability of default, through the implementation of classical and machine learning classification methods. On the one hand, we show that capital regulation is more efficient than liquidity regulation. On the other hand, the effects of leverage and capital ratios are equivalent, which leads us to argue in favor of stronger leverage regulation. Indeed, this would make it possible to greatly reduce the complexity of regulation, while making it less specific than it is today. To verify this hypothesis, we assess the possible "collateral damage" of regulation in the third chapter. Using Lasso models and random forests, we calculate the impact of capital, leverage and liquidity ratios on bank profitability. It appears that the leverage ratio is more determinant in the constitution of banks' performance as measured by the return on assets. Return on equity, on the other hand, is negatively impacted. Our recommendation for stricter banking regulations on leverage therefore remains valid since it carries a private cost borne by shareholders, and not a social cost, borne by the banking activity
Dalmas, Laurent. "Rôle de la tarification dans une gestion efficace des ressources en eau : application à la demande résidentielle en eau potable des réseaux publics slovaques." Phd thesis, Université de Nice Sophia-Antipolis, 2003. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00200159.
Full textEspañol, Paula. "Contraintes financières, structure productive et exportations : déterminants microéconomiques de la fragilité financière en Argentine pendant les années 1990." Paris, EHESS, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007EHES0132.
Full textThis thesis studies some microeconomic mechanisms that enhanced the financial fragility created by the macroeconomic regime in Argentina during the 1990s, a period characterised by a process of financial liberalisation and a rigid currency regime. In particular, I study whether financial constraints on investment decisions exist and what the main determinants of firms' décisions to exports are. Using firm-level panel-data techniques, the thesis confirmed, firstly, the existence of financial constraints. Secondly, these constraints proved to be stronger for firms in tradable sectors than in non-tradable sectors. Thirdly, start-up sunk cost on export decisions are important, which implies hysteresis exists on exchange rate policy. Fourthly, heterogeneity prevails at micro level. Finally, financial and innovation strategies are significant determinants of the probability to export
Beuran, Monica. "Politiques d'aide dans les pays en transition : l'impact sur la croissance et la migration." Phd thesis, Université Panthéon-Sorbonne - Paris I, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00509951.
Full textMelzi, Zohir. "Le problème de la révision des données statistiques : le cas des données douanières mensuelles du commerce extérieur français." Paris 10, 2012. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01419278.
Full textIn this thesis, we tackle the problem of data revision. The nonfinal character of the macroeconomic statistics is analyzed, of kind to being able to identify the various aspects of their revision, that it is periodic or not. The first part recalls the literature which approaches the problems of data revision, where we expose the principal results in the statistical description of the phenomenon as of the first analyses, by confronting them with the more recent studies, in order to recognize its evolution. We expose at the same time, the results obtained in the predictibility of the process of revision, by detailing all the techniques of modeling as all the macroeconomic variables which are concerned by this phenomenon, and its influence in the improvement of quality of the forecast and the techniques of modeling. The second part will relate to the monthly series of foreign trade of France, concerned with the phenomenon of data revision. We describe the statistical properties of the periodic revision of our variables of interest, by applying our analyses to an important database, recalling the historical evolution according to an old and a new classifications. We are exerted then in a third and last part, to be able to predict the regular process of revision, for exploiting these results in the improvement of the quality of short-term forecasts
Piférini, Jean-François. "Irréversibilité, incertitude et investissement : estimations économétriques sur données agrégées françaises." Paris 8, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA082337.
Full textIn this thesis, we study and apply a new theoretical approach to capital investment decisions of firms, stressing the irreversibility of most invest-ment decisions and the ongoing uncertainty of the economic environ-ment in which those decisions are made. When investment is irreversible and future profits are incertain, there may be a value of waiting because of the ongoing stream of new information. The new theory contradicts the orthodox textbook view of invesment. Following an introductory chapter presenting the traditionnal models, we explore the new theorical and empirical approach to firm's investment behaviour. Then, several models of investment under uncertainty are implemented. A variety of methods have been used to study the empirical implication of irreversibility in investment. The empirical studies made from agregate french data investigate both the relationship between investment flows and proxy measures of uncertainty and the path of agregate investment
Parent, Olivier. "Analyse Bayésienne des externalités de connaissance : étude sur données européennes." Saint-Etienne, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005STETT074.
Full textThis study investigates the pattern of knowledge spillovers arising from patent activity between European regions. A Bayesian hierarchical model is developed that specifies the connectivity structure between regions by relying on both technological and geographical proximity. This approach exploits the fact that interregional relationships tend to exhibit industry-specific technological linkages, and is in contrast with typical spatial connectivity structures that rely exclusively on the geographic or spatial configuration of the regions. The model also accounts for heteroscedasticity in innovative activity across regions using a mixture of normal distributions approach suggested by Geweke (1993) for the disturbance process. This approach results in a robust approach to modeling of spatially dependent data that incorporates an approach similar to Jaffe's (1986) measure of knowledge proximity between regions as part of the spatial model specification process. The method is illustrated using sample data on patent activity covering 335regions in nine European countries
Jouhki, Hannele. "L'Offre de travail des femmes mariées : étude économétrique sur des données en coupes transversales." Toulouse 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988TOU10033.
Full textThe individual labor supply functions are derived from the utility functions in the micro-economic theory. The economic agent maximises his utility under the time and budget constraints. The maximisation conditions indicate the optimal choice betwen the level of consumption and labor supply. Taking into account the time constraint produces two-dimensional supply functions : the participation decision and the quantity of labor supplied. While the sample of participants is auto-selected, it creates econometric difficulties, since the endogenous criterion based elimination of observations produces a selection bias in the estimations. A sample of married women is particularly interesting for the study of labor supply behavior. This sample is used for estimating the supply functions of a simple static labor supply model, and the specification of the econometric model is tested with finnish cross-section data. Various extensions and modifications of the basic model (truncated or censored) are considered in the econometric applications
Barhoumi, Mohamed Adel. "Traitement des données manquantes dans les données de panel : cas des variables dépendantes dichotomiques." Thesis, Université Laval, 2006. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2006/23619/23619.pdf.
Full textRodriguez, sierra Hersson stuardo. "Opportunités et défis commerciaux pour l'Amérique Centrale dans le cadre d'un accord d'association avec l'Union Européenne." Thesis, Aix-Marseille 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011AIX24004/document.
Full textWith the object of taking advantage of the Partnership Agreement between Central America and European Union –EU- the study reviews the theories and the “state of the art” regarding Regional Trade Agreements in order to deepen trade relations between Central America and the EU. Its evolution and its determinants as well as the results of the negotiations of the Agreement, as the basis to identity trade opportunities and challenges presented for the Central American region in light of the establishment of a free trade zone within the framework of above-mentioned agreement.For the above-mentioned reason, the results of formal tests regarding trade relations between the two regions are described applying a trade model with two econometric approaches: the Gravity Model and Panel Data technique.As a result, it was identified that in order to take advantage of the opportunities of the Agreement, Central American countries will need to carry out structural changes in different areas among which the ones aimed at increasing, diversifying, and improving the exportable production quality, in order to satisfy the demand and to comply with the norms and regulations necessary to access the European market.It is concluded that many of the factors that have limited Central American exports to the European Union are the ones related to macroeconomics and of a structural nature and that the issue of tariff reduction by itself it is not a sufficient condition to guarantee taking advantage of the Agreement due to the fact that its benefit will be measure in light of the changes that will take place in Central America
Sagaon, Teyssier Luis. "Analyses empiriques de la dynamique du marché du travail mexicain à partir de données longitudinales." Aix-Marseille 2, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009AIX24019.
Full textThe aim of this thesis is to complete the literature on different aspects in order to improve our understanding about the role played by the different sectors in the Mexican labour market dynamics and its particular performance face to other Latin American countries. We used the data of the ENEU for the period 1987-2001. We devote the first chapter of this thesis to the comparison of the hiring behavior and separation within different sectors of employment. To doing so, we implement a non-parametric model for decomposing the unemployment and the employment dynamics. A second chapter is devoted to the comparative analysis of the business cycle effect on the access into employment and the mobility. We proceed by simulating the unemployment and the employment durations by distinguish between the effect of the business cycle and the one of the cohort composition. The simulation exercise is based on the estimation of a parametric duration model. The third chapter of this thesis is concentrated in the wage differentials between the sectors in the labour. We exploit the different wages and mobility captured for the same individual. Finally, we present a fourth chapter where we investigate which is the mechanism at the origin of the wage premium attributed to the employment not covered by the social security. We implement a structural job-search model –in partial equilibrium- in which the labour market is organized as an continuum of jobs where, additionally to the wages, the social security is offered as non-monetary remuneration
Ben, Salem Mélika. "Changement structurel et croissance : essai d'économétrie comparative sur données françaises et américaines." Paris 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA010078.
Full textThis dissertation analyses the empirical implications of growth models, a la Solow-Swan (1956) and Romer (1986,1990). According to the nature of the shocks affecting the economy and the nature of growth (exogenous or endogenous), the macroeconomic variables are characterized by particular statistical properties of persistence, that may originate from a common source. These statistical properties are tested in the framework of new time series methods, in order to reveal the propagation mechanisms of growth from data. Thus the stability of trend component in output, capital and hours worked, as well as the constancy of connections between production and its usual inputs, is studied in french and american data, with annual observations during the period 1870-1994, and at a quarterly rate with postwar observations
Richaudeau, Didier. "Contrat d'assurance automobile et risque routier : analyse théorique et empirique sur données individuelles françaises : 1991-1995." Paris 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA010026.
Full textFor a long time, insurance has been perceived as a way of transferring responsibilities from insured agents to insurers and thus as influencing insured agents' behavior. Two opportunist behaviors have been analyzed. First, the theory of adverse selection predicts that high-risk agents are likely to want more insurance than low-risk agents. Second, the theory of moral hazard predicts that the wider is insurance coverage, the lower is the level of preventive effort. Thus, both theories conclude that agents who are totally insured should have a higher probability of accident than those who are only partially insured, ceteris paribus. Nevertheless, one of the aims of insurance rating systems which use deductibles and bonus-malus systems and discriminate between insured agents according to drivers and vehicles' characteristics, is to control for these opportunist behaviors. In this thesis, we use individual data to see if the french automobile insurance rating system achieves this aim. In the first part, we present microeconomic contributions explaining adverse selection and moral hazard behaviors. In the second part, we estimate econometric models adapted to traffic risk analysis : count data models (poisson model, binomial negative model, etc). In the third part, we present the french automobile insurance market and build a model illustrating adverse selection and moral hazard behaviors. We conclude that insurance is no longer a factor of risk on its own : the french automobile insurance rating system is efficient to control insured agents opportunism. However, since insurance companies do not usually use mileage to calculate premiums, agents who take out the best insurance coverage drive more than others and thus, they have a higher probability of accidents
Nalpas, Nicolas. "L'énigme de la prime de risque : évaluation sur données françaises et tentative de solution." Paris 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA010014.
Full textSall, Serigne Touba. "Approche par les données de panel dans la théorie asymptotique des indicateurs de pauvreté." Paris 6, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA066286.
Full textAim of the thesis is to study the limit distributions of estimators that arise in the analysis of poverty, called poverty indices. We are especially concerned with the asymptotic theory of the time-dependent general poverty index (GPI), including all the usual indices in the literature. We settle uniform weak convergence of such statistics. As a first step, we consider the indices for a fixed time. Using extreme value theory and Hungarian approximations, we need asymptotic laws for the GPI, and entirely describe the asymptotic normality of this class. These results have natural applications to derive asymptotic confidence intervals for indices based on data collected within developing countries. However, we still need to handle longitudinal data, where the poverty situation is analysed over a continuous period of time. In this case, we are faced with longitudinal data, called panel data, and led to consider the time-dependent general poverty index. Based on weak convergence theory for empirical processes, developed by Vaart and Wellner (1995), we settle the uniform weak convergence of such statistics. We obtained uniform asymptotic laws of GPI. Our results yield tools to handle discrete and continuous longitudinal data. As application we used Senegalese data ESAM (enquete senegalaise aupres des ménages) available for two periods, 1996 and 2001. In this way, comparisons are made between different regions on a fixed moment in time or between the situations of the same region at different time instants
Defoort, Cécily. "Migrations qualifiées et capital humain : nouveaux enseignements tirés d'une base de données en panel." Lille 2, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007LIL20010.
Full textThis thesis develops and uses a new panel dataset with stocks and emigration rates to the 6 main OECD receiving countries, by skill level, from 172 sending countries, from 1975 to 2000. Thanks to this new dataset, we show that skilled migrations have increased during the 30 last years but this phenomenon happens in a context of general increase of mobility and global rise of educational levels. This dataset allows us to highlight that, contrary to the common knowledge about the traditional literature, important inequalities in the country of origin of migrants imply an increase in skilled migrations compare to unskilled migrations. Furthermore, the dataset allows us to show that a gain from emigration is possible in poorest countries of origin, under the condition that skill emigration rates are not too large. From this point of view, projection of brain drain rates at the 2050 horizon underlines that intensification in « selective » policy from the main European receiving countries can turn out to be highly harmful for sending countries
Benchora, Inessa. "Impact of Transition Risk on Stock Returns." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Orléans, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024ORLE1010.
Full textTransition risk, inherent in the shift to a low-carbon economy, presents significant challenges and opportunities for financial markets. This thesis aims to quantify and analyze the influence of this risk on stock returns, taking into account regulatory, technological, and consumer and investor preference developments. Taking part initially in the debate on the most appropriate measure to approximate a company’s contribution to transition risk, in Chapter 1, we propose the use of verified carbon emissions to assess the impact of transition risk on companies participating in the EU ETS. Our results show that the emissions trading system alters the risk-return profile of stocks, which can provide a financial incentive to consider emissions in investment decisions. Next, recognizing the pivotal role of central banks in the transition to a low-carbon economy, Chapter 2 provides an evaluation of the environmental footprint of U.S. monetary policy concerning transition risk. The main conclusion of non-neutrality in U.S. monetary policy, favoring polluting companies, leads to the third chapter. This chapter, also focused on the United States, explores how transition risk is taken into account in market valuation and how climate regulation can influence this integration. Our results suggest that the long-term impact of U.S. laws on the relationship between carbon emissions and stock returns needs strengthening to ensure its sustainability. Currently, legislative measures have a more pronounced effect in the medium term, but their sustainability remains uncertain. In conclusion, these chapters aim to enable a better integration of transition risk into stock evaluation by investors, which would empower regulatory authorities and financial market participants to develop more suitable policies and preventive measures against this risk
Petit, Héloïse. "Fondements et dynamique de la segmentation du marché du travail : une analyse sur données françaises." Paris 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA010036.
Full textBroz, Giroux Anne. "Modélisation de l'effet de la publicité sur les ventes à l'aide de données de panel." Paris 10, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA100062.
Full textThe financial stake for advertisers to have a measure of advertising return led us to compare various methods of modelling previously used by researchers. After analysing their advantages and drawbacks, we are suggesting an advertising model of short term effect on sales which takes into account the existence of diminishing returns between sales and advertising, the carryover effect of advertising on sales and the different marketing actions of the market. We performed it on 31 brands in 6 categories of mass-market products from IRI's retail tracking data during a 4 year study period. We estimated that television campaigns show a sales increase during an average duration of 10. 5 weeks after their broadcasting and we proved that the level of the category involvement and the competitive position of brands played an important role in advertising effectiveness
Fouquau, Julien. "Modèles à changements de régimes et données de panel : de la non-linéarité à l'hétérogénéité." Orléans, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008ORLE0509.
Full textPeltier, Caroline. "L'analyse statistique du profil sensoriel revisitée par une approche base de données." Thesis, Dijon, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015DIJOS084/document.
Full textDuring a sensory evaluation, trained subjects taste and score products on differentdescriptors in order to obtain a descriptive profile of these products. The data are thenanalyzed by several statistical methods (PCA, ANOVA…) in order to monitor the subjectperformances and map the product space.This work aims to revisit these statistical methods thanks to the analysis of a large number ofdatasets of sensory profiling data from the SensoBase (a database containing more than athousand of datasets). Different statistical methods of mapping and analysis ofperformances were compared, then improved. We mainly focused on the so-called scalingeffect (tendency of the subject to spread his scores more or less than the panel) and onmaps related to specific statistical models.This works led to some findings about sensory analysis and recommendations for panelleaders. Furthermore, different statistical tools (R packages such as CVAPack, MAMCAP andMultiMAM) were offered. These tools could also be useful in other scientific fields usinghuman beings as a measurement instrument (psychology, economics, marketing,… )
Willart, Sylvain Pierre Clotaire. "Prix, variété et marques dans la gestion stratégique des assortiments : analyse sur données de panel distributeur." Université Robert Schuman (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2007. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/restreint/theses_doctorat/2007/WILLART_Sylvain_Pierre_Clotaire_2007.pdf.
Full textRetailers are selling only one product: their assortment. Therefore, assortment's composition, enhancement and prices are crucial. But assortment optimization is yet a complex issue namely because of the diversity of its dimensions. We propose several measures of the main characteristics of assortment: variety (chapter 2), price structure (chapter 3 and 4), and brand types equilibrium (chapter 5). Working on IRI - retailer panel data, we shed light on those dimensions' influence on total sales. Most of those influences having a non-linear effect on sales, we use adequate econometric tools. Thus, we put forward some of the best practices for assortment management
Mialocq, Denis. "Le financement à court terme des moyennes entreprises non cotées françaises : etude en données de panel." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017BORD0654/document.
Full textShort-term financing is forgotten by theory of corporate finance. However, French medium-sized firms use a lot this source of funding. The objective of this thesis is to analyze the determinants of short-term financing for these firms. The first part aims to establish a literature review of theories to explain the use of short-term financing. The second part empirically checks these theories on two samples, specifically 201 family businesses and 1,453 managerial firms. On the one hand, it is a question of characterizing the unlisted medium-sized enterprises and on the other hand, highlighting the determinants of the use of short-term financing. The primary results indicate that short-term financing is a management tool for the medium-sized enterprise. It can also have two functions, one compensatory and / or one passive cash. Furthermore, it brings out that managerial and family businesses exploit short-term financing differently
Mugnier, Martin. "Essays in Panel Data Econometrics." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Institut polytechnique de Paris, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023IPPAG008.
Full textThis thesis consists of five chapters dealing with some identification, estimation, and inference problems in a class of semiparametric panel data models for econometric analysis. The first four chapters focus on fixed effects models, in which unobserved heterogeneity (to the econometrician) is approximated by introducing latent variables defined on low-dimensional manifolds (relative to the dimension of the data) and whose distribution conditional on the exogenous variables is left unrestricted. In the first chapter, we generalize some of Johnson (2004) and Chamberlain (2010)'s results by showing that the slope parameter in a static binary choice model with three periods or more can be point identified even if the idiosyncratic shocks do not follow the restrictive logistic distribution. We provide a conditional moment restriction, which can be used to obtain an asymptotically normal estimator at the parametric rate, when the number of units diverges to infinity, by applying the Generalized Method of Moments (GMM). We illustrate this new method by revisiting the relationship between budget deficits and reelections studied in Brender and Drazen (2008). The significant positive effect of budget deficits on the probability of reelection is robust to departures from the logistic assumption. In the second chapter, we present identification conditions for a class of nonlinear two-way fixed effects models with heterogeneous coefficients for large and long panels. We provide a fast estimation procedure based on a Gauss-Siedel coordinate-wise gradient descent algorithm which exploits additive separability in the fixed effects. In the semiparametric case, we prove the numerical equivalence of our method to the maximum likelihood estimator, we report considerable gains in execution time without loss in precision with respect to existing packages (e.g., logitfe/probitfe in Stata), and we revisit two empirical applications in innovation (Aghion et al., 2013) and international trade (Helpman et al., 2008). We find significant heterogeneity in estimated slopes for the independent variables in each case. The third and fourth chapters consider a special case of factor models, in which individual factor loadings are assumed discrete. This assumption generates a group structure that can rationalize a wide variety of economic settings (e.g., clubs of countries, trading partners, types of consumers, goods, financial assets). The third chapter proposes a new two-step estimator for the linear model, which has several theoretical and computational advantages. By solving a convex optimization program and using an agglomerative clustering procedure, we generalize Bonhomme and Manresa (2015) and show that the common slope parameter, the fixed effects, and the number of groups can be consistently estimated without a known upper bound on the number of groups while reducing algorithmic complexity to the order of the cube of the number of units against an exponential complexity for the estimator relying on the k-means algorithm. The fourth chapter extends some of these results to a class of nonlinear models for discrete outcomes. The fifth and last chapter proves the asymptotic normality of estimators defined as empirical means of the transform of an empirical cumulative distribution function by an empirical quantile process under much weaker assumptions than what is currently known. One popular example is the “Changes-in-Changes” estimator proposed in Athey and Imbens (2006). Monte Carlo simulations suggest that our assumptions cannot be improved
Kaswengi, Mbwiti Joseph. "L'influence du point de vente sur le capital d'une marque : une approche par les données du panel." Thesis, Orléans, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012ORLE0507.
Full textDoes a store format quality can generally influence brand equity? This is the main question we address inthis research. Numerous studies have been published on brand equity drivers. However, little has been saidabout the role of distribution. In addition, much research has conceptualized store image as a global or onedimensionalconcept. However, according to the research majority, store image is a multidimensionalconstruct.The purpose of this research is to investigate the relationship between distribution quality and brand equity.We develop a model that connects store image dimensions (price image, assortment variety, private labelquality, product quality, service quality, and location) and brand equity, measured thanks to the interceptswhich are considered as a brand incremental utility measure. The model controls for the variables such asthe product category. We adopt a dynamic factor model using panel data on 4500 households, 12 storesbelonging to different chains in France over a period of five years and a half (2004-2009). The results showthat store image effects on the brand equity depend on the store name, store format, product categories,brands and consumer characteristics.From a theoretical perspective, this research identifies the most relevant store image dimensions as well astheir efficiency conditions. From a methodological point of view, we use a dynamic factor model that has notyet been used on brand equity measurement. From a managerial standpoint, this research may help brandmanagers to better assess the store impact on their brands value
Kaswengi, Joseph. "L'influence du point de vente sur le capital d'une marque : une approche par les données du panel." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Orléans, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012ORLE0507.
Full textDoes a store format quality can generally influence brand equity? This is the main question we address inthis research. Numerous studies have been published on brand equity drivers. However, little has been saidabout the role of distribution. In addition, much research has conceptualized store image as a global or onedimensionalconcept. However, according to the research majority, store image is a multidimensionalconstruct.The purpose of this research is to investigate the relationship between distribution quality and brand equity.We develop a model that connects store image dimensions (price image, assortment variety, private labelquality, product quality, service quality, and location) and brand equity, measured thanks to the interceptswhich are considered as a brand incremental utility measure. The model controls for the variables such asthe product category. We adopt a dynamic factor model using panel data on 4500 households, 12 storesbelonging to different chains in France over a period of five years and a half (2004-2009). The results showthat store image effects on the brand equity depend on the store name, store format, product categories,brands and consumer characteristics.From a theoretical perspective, this research identifies the most relevant store image dimensions as well astheir efficiency conditions. From a methodological point of view, we use a dynamic factor model that has notyet been used on brand equity measurement. From a managerial standpoint, this research may help brandmanagers to better assess the store impact on their brands value
St-Cerny-Gosselin, Julie. "Le poids de l'histoire : rôle des facteurs économiques, politiques et institutionnels dans l'accumulation de dette publique." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/9537.
Full textNiang, Abdou-Aziz. "Croissance et convergence des pays de la zone CFA : une étude par les données de panel non stationnaires." Phd thesis, Université de Bourgogne, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00834421.
Full textMammasse, Nadra. "Le nombre de sujets dans les panels d'analyse sensorielle : une approche base de données." Phd thesis, Université de Bourgogne, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00764952.
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