To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: Economic Adjustment Programme.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Economic Adjustment Programme'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 41 dissertations / theses for your research on the topic 'Economic Adjustment Programme.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse dissertations / theses on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
1
Ncube, Douglas. "A country-specific economic structural adjustment programme model for the acgricultural sector : a case study of Zimbabwe." Thesis, University of Derby, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10545/200673.
Full textAbstract:
Traditionally, agriculture has been one of the mainstays of Sub-Saharan African (SSA) economies and plays a pivotal and vital role in economic activity and development (Westlake, 1994). Africa has been a net importer of foodstuffs over the last thirty years (Smith, 1999). This led the donor community to spotlight the agricultural sector as an area where reforms were badly needed. Since the 1970s the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and World Bank (WB) have driven Economic Structural Adjustment Programmes (ESAP) in SSA with varying degrees of success (FAO, 1988). Zimbabwe's independence, in 1980, coincided with the start of the first decade of structural adjustment in SSA.
2
Munjoma, Thomas. "Property investment under an economic structural adjustment programme : the case of the Harare Central Business District office development." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 1999. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk/R?func=search-advanced-go&find_code1=WSN&request1=AAIU117158.
Full textAbstract:
In Zimbabwe, the Economic Structural Adjustment Programme (ESAP) was introduced in 1991, at which time, intense office development activities started in the Harare City Centre. The fundamental aim of this study, therefore, was to identify and explain the driving forces behind office development activities in the Harare City Centre during ESAP (1991-5). Effort was made to reveal the effects of ESAP on the office development process. Three hypotheses from neo-classical (supply and demand), Marxist structuralism (circuits of capital) and structuration (structure and agency) perspectives were proposed to identify and explain the forces driving office development in the Harare City Centre during ESAP. Twenty-four development sites formed the population of properties identified for the study, of which six were selected for detailed examination. This research established that during the early phases of ESAP, demand for office space was fairly robust. With further property development, full occupation of the new space could be achieved only through tenant relocations and 'sweetheart' deals to seduce tenants into occupying new offices. Direct foreign participation in the Harare office development was not significant at all. That was mainly due to a combination of prohibitive legislation relating to foreign investment in property, and the failure of Zimbabwe to compete as an attractive investment destination for global capital. However, important structural changes such as planning policy and practice, reduction of the prescribed asset ratios of institutional investments, increases in inflation and so forth, were identified. Historically, institutional investors were underweight in property and, therefore, used the opportunity to select properties consistent with their long term objectives. It was concluded that the structure and agency approach presented an explanation of the Harare Office development superior to that of the other perspectives. Although ESAP facilitated the procurement of world class facilities and finishes, it had negative implications for the construction industry through high inflation, increases in building costs, the closure of firms and general economic decline.
3
Dasah, Bernard Zori. "Neoclassical economics and the role of information, communication, and culture in socio-economic development : a case study of the structural adjustment programme in Ghana." Thesis, McGill University, 1999. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=35999.
Full textAbstract:
For close to two decades the leading international financial organizations, the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund, have imposed their structural adjustment programme on Third World countries, notably in Sub-Saharan African, creating forms of neoclassical financial management at an unsurpassed rate. However, the thesis argues that this approach does not distinguish adequately between policies favourable to the growth and prosperity of developed countries and those pertaining to developing countries in part because the paradigm has an impoverished notion of information, communication, and culture. By fostering this economic paradigm in developing countries, these organizations may, in effect, be imposing an inconsistent model on them in many respects. This thesis explores this conundrum with particular reference to the model's concepts of information, communication, and culture and the consequences of these concepts on the application of the model in Sub-Saharan Africa, specifically in Ghana.The thesis employs case studies to demonstrate the impact of cultural imperatives on the neoclassical economic concepts of efficiency of competition, trade liberalization, currency devaluation, public expenditure reduction, and privatization promoted by the structural adjustment programme. It suggests that some of the failures of the programme may be ascribed to the great differences between the imperatives of neoclassical economics and the cultural realities of Sub-Saharan Africa.
The thesis takes the position that the incorporation of an understanding of culture and economy similar to that of the communicologists' holistic and wider perspective on economics and economic systems would ameliorate many weaknesses of the structural adjustment programmes of the IMF and the World Bank and enhance the effectiveness of future structural adjustment programmes.
4
Dasah, Bernard Z. "Neoclassical economics and the role of information, communication, and culture in socio-economic development, a case study of the structural adjustment programme in Ghana." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape10/PQDD_0018/NQ55318.pdf.
Full text
5
Pornwilassiri, Saowalak. "The impact of Economic Reform and Structural Adjustment Programme (ERSAP) and privatisation policy on the role of Egyptian professional women from 1991-2000." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.249067.
Full text
6
Lehloesa, Thembinkosi L. "South Africa's growth, employment and redistribution strategy in the context of structural adjustment programmes in the South." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003004.
Full textAbstract:
This study is a contribution to the ongoing debate concerning the future of South Africa’s macro-economic policy known as the Growth, Employment and Redistribution (GEAR) strategy. The study attempts to draw parallels between the GEAR macro-economic policy framework and structural adjustment programmes in the South. By making use of this comparison, the study argues that the outcome of the GEAR will be no different from structural adjustment programmes in that it will fail to reduce poverty and cause government to meet the basic needs of the people. These conclusions are drawn from the fact that the GEAR policy is premised on the faith that the market is capable of redistributing income and wealth, and providing people with their basic needs.
7
Gajadar, B. "Economic adjustment programmes and the export sector of Guyana 1962-83." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.233750.
Full textAbstract:
Efforts to diversify the colonial economy in Guyana after 1966 were unsuccessful. With the oil shock of 1973, and falling commodity prices after 1975, the economy became unstable. This instability is expressed in large balance of payments deficits, deficit financing, lower export levels and a rise in inflation. Policies to restore economic stability involved the implementation of stabilisation and structural adjustment programmes between 1977-84, with the participation of the IMF and World Bank. The objective is to investigate factors affecting economic stabilisation of both domestic prices and the balance of payments Emphasis is placed on the study of aggregate supply, which examines . the behaviour of exports and inflation. These two factors are linked to the balance of payments. The assumption is made that exports are influenced by supply variables, such as domestic output, international prices, labour costs and movements in the exchange rate. The analysis of exports reveals that their response is delayed and inelastic to changes in price and other factors. This is consistent with estimates for primary commodity exports from small low income countries. The partial adjustment/adaptive expectations model provides satisfactory evidence for the behaviour of commodity exports, except in the case of sugar. For sugar an export supply function is estimated. The analysis of inflation reveals that external influences are more dominant than domestic factors in the inflationary process. The results suggest that the supply response for all commodities is slow in the short run, but may be faster in the long run. This implies that the implementation of appropriate stabilisation policies may be able to improve the deficit in the balance of payments, but that lags may exist in the adjustment process. The constraining factors would be increased labour costs in the export sector and higher import prices for industrial inputs.
8
Berolsky, Nuno Goncalo. "An evaluation of IMF structural adjustment programmes : lessons for South Africa." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002668.
Full textAbstract:
The mixed results of International Monetary Fund structural adjustment programmes in less developed countries are a major motivation for this research. Explanations must be advanced as to what may inhibit the success of such programmes. South Africa has often found itself in a precarious position- with a deteriorating balance of payments, a position similar to other countries that have accepted IMF loans. Furthermore, South Africa undertook an IMF loan in 1993. Financial support from the IMF incorporates structural adjustment programmes. These may include measures such as tighter monetary policy, reduction in the budget deficit, exchange rate devaluation and ceilings on domestic credit with increased interest rates (Ferguson, 1988). These policies illustrate the principle of ‘conditionality,’ whereby access to further loans is conditional on certain criteria being met, such as reduced budget deficits and inflation rates. The principle of conditionality has met with a great deal of criticism. Bacha (1987) and Dell (1982) argue that these aggregate demand-reducing conditions more often than not stagnate domestic economies, worsening the balance of payment and result in programme breakdowns. Essentially, they refer to the IMF conditions as ‘unrealistic.’ The IMF denies this, arguing that shortfalls are mainly due to a lack of political commitment to carry out its conditions (Winters, 1994). This issue of conditionality will be examined in detail, using three specific case studies. The aim of this study is to examine the characteristics of Brazil, Mexico and Zambia to see whether or not the IMF programmes were successful. Guidelines will be established for South African policy from these case studies. South Africa is trying to adjust to the competitiveness of the international economy. At the same time, the need for reconstruction and development exerts increasing pressures on the balance of payments. Guidelines are established for a successful economic adjustment for South Africa. The research concludes that South Africa is certainly in line for a successful transformation. The rigidities are not as extensive as has been the case in Brazil and Zambia. Institutionally, South Africa is sound. However there are still challenges in this area, such as export diversification and economic stability to attract foreign investment.
9
Rohullah, Bayat. "The prospect of economic adjustment policies in Argentina and Turkey : Examination of IMF Programmes." Thesis, University of Bath, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.522919.
Full text
10
Makan, Amita. "The impact of structural adjustment programmes upon the political economy of Zambia: a critical analysis." Thesis, Rhodes University, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003010.
Full textAbstract:
This study begins with a statistical survey setting out the parameters of Zambia's socio-economic decline in the 1980s. In order to unravel the complex reasons for the crisis, the study develops and employs an historical structural framework which emphasises the interconnectedness of historical, political, economic and social processes . Thereafter, an explanation of Zambia's political and economic development is presented as a background for understanding how and why the IMF came to play an increasingly decisive role in the management of the economic crisis in the 1980s. It is argued that patron-client politics in conjunction with a 'coincidence of interests' between local elite and international capital, entrenched the distorted mono-export dependent economy which, in turn, accelerated the economic decline and debt crisis of the 1980s. After presenting an overview of the Fund's philosophy and objectives, close attention is paid to the impact of SAPs on Zambia, especially in terms of how such policies as subsidy withdrawal, de-regulation and devaluation affected the economy, debt-reduction, health and education. While there is no incontrovertible evidence that adjustment policies caused the crisis, they have been largely ineffective in reversing Zambia's economic decline. In fact, due to the IMF's ahistorical and apolitical approach, any gains have been ephemeral and, in many instances, served to exacerbate the suffering of the population. Finally, Zambia's political structures have proved unable and unwilling to implement IMF reforms consistently and this underlies the central point that SAPs, as a strategy, cannot ensure long-term sustainable development.
11
Ssonko, David K. W. "The impact of structural adjustment programmes on Uganda (with particular reference to Uganda Management Institute)." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2008. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/72/.
Full textAbstract:
It is a requirement of the Doctor of Business Administration (DBA) award of the University of Glasgow that the candidate undertakes a research which is relevant to the strategic development of his employing organisation.The overall aim of the DBA thesis is to conduct a critical and strategic analysis of the environment in which the candidate's organisation operates, and to demonstrate how this analysis might inform and contribute to the organisation's stragic planning and development. In this particular case the author is an employee of the Uganda Management Institute. In order to achive the above general objective and in conformity with the University of Glasgow DBA requirements, the author examined the environment through a series of five (5) Learning Goals. While handling each Learning Goal, a firm eye was directed towards its implications for Uganda Management Institute (UMI)strategy. In the final analysis, the views through those different Learning Goals(or lenses)were integrated to provide a more holistic appraisal of UMI's strategy. The following are the Learning Goals which were examined: 1. To conduct an initial strategic analysis of the business environment in which the Uganda Management Institute(UMI) operates which analysis should support the organisational goal. 2. To undertake a programme of study in reserch methods and data analysis likely to be relevant to the other Learning Goals. 3. To evaluate the context of the structural adjustment programmes(SAPs), past and contemporary, affecting the economic development in Sub-Saharan Africa and in particular the Ugandan economy. 4. To undertake a study of the structure, characteristics and performance of the market in Uganda for human resources and the related labour relations institutions and mechanisms. 5. To conduct a strategic analysis of the external, global environment in which the Uganda Management Institute will have to compete and survive.
12
Lahdenperä, Jori, and Shehzad Humayoun. "The International Monetary Fund (IMF) & World BankStructural Adjustment Programs : Review study of adjustment-aid theory." Thesis, Mälardalen University, School of Sustainable Development of Society and Technology, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-9978.
Full textAbstract:
Monetary funding to developing countries is today accompanied by so called “Structural Adjustment Programs” (SAPs) imposed by the IMF and the World Bank, consisting of economical policy reforms that the countries have to undergo in order to be eligible for loans. The impact of these adjustment loans is widely criticized due to the negative effects observed. Our purpose is to investigate in depth why these adjustment programs have not delivered the expected results. We’ve found that there exist some undesirable consequences following SAP implementation that has a hindering effect on growth. These, combined with the complicate context in which the IMF and World Bank operates can be seen as the explanation for the adversity experienced.
13
Kosaikanont, Romyen. "The socio-economic impact of the economic crisis and the economic structural adjustment programmes : a comparative study of a rural and peri-urban community in northern Thailand." Thesis, University of Bath, 2003. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.425871.
Full text
14
Silva, Omarildo Luís da. "O impacto da economia informal no processo de desenvolvimento na África Subsariana." Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/2778.
Full textAbstract:
Mestrado em Desenvolvimento e Cooperação InternacionalA economia informal é seguramente um dos grandes temas deste século. É um fenómeno cada vez mais frequente no mundo, principalmente nos países da África Subsariana. Na África Subsaariana o sector da economia informal advém em grande parte da má afectação dos recursos económicos e financeiros, tanto nacionais como provenientes do estrangeiro (comércio, investimentos ou ajuda), o que, em geral, teve como resultado, uma deficiente implementação das estratégias para o desenvolvimento e uma dificuldade acrescida da pretendida “modernização” do continente africano. Sendo assim, pretende-se analisar a economia informal antes de mais como “forma de sobrevivência” perante a ineficácia do Estado, a deficiência dos mercados internos, a falta de recursos humanos adequados e a fraqueza do tecido empresarial africano, procurando demonstrar que ela é menos uma causa do que uma consequência do não desenvolvimento. Tendo presente, as várias tentativas de aplicação de modelos económicos propostos pelo Banco Mundial e o Fundo Monetário Internacional, procurar-se-á averiguar igualmente até que ponto a falta de indústrias, a dificuldade de modernização e de políticas económicas adaptáveis as realidades africanas contribuem para a proliferação da economia informal.
The informal economy is certainly one of the major themes of this century. It is an increasingly widespread phenomenon in the world, mainly in Sub-Saharan African countries. In sub-Saharan Africa the informal sector of the economy stems largely from the misallocation of economic and financial resources, both national and from abroad (trade, investment or aid), which, in general, resulted in a poor implementation of strategies for the development and an increasing difficulty of the intended "modernization" of the African continent. Therefore, it is intended to analyze the informal economy first and foremost as "a means of survival" to the inefficiency of the State, the deficiency of internal markets, lack of adequate human resources and the weakness of African business, trying to demonstrate that it is less a cause than a consequence of not developing. Bearing in mind, the various attempts of applying economic models proposed by the World Bank and International Monetary Fund, search will also investigate to what extent the lack of industry, of economic policies adaptable to African realities and the difficulty of modernization contribute to proliferation of the informal economy.
15
Klos, Benjamin. "The quest for a panacea : a comparative varieties of capitalism analysis of the economic adjustment programmes in Greece and Ireland." Thesis, Brunel University, 2016. http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/14806.
Full textAbstract:
The economic crisis in the European Union has raised numerous policy questions. It has also raised many important questions for scholars. One of these is the question of why we have witnessed such radically divergent reform speeds in different countries under Economic Adjustment Programmes. Closer examination of these Programmes clearly shows their high degree of uniformity, so that the answer cannot be found in the nature of policy input. This thesis instead takes a Varieties of Capitalism approach. Looking in depth at the cases of Greece and Ireland, which represent polar opposites of the spectrum of economic models within the EU, this thesis argues that success of Economic Adjustment Programmes crucially depends on a country’s pre-existing economic model. This insight challenges the current approach to crisis resolution, which endorses a ‘one size fits all’ approach to structural reforms. An adapted version of Bruno Amable’s Varieties of Capitalism (VOC) approach is conducive to detailed analysis, as it permits disaggregating the structural reform agenda according to five institutional areas. Thus, reform patterns can be compared between countries as well as between institutional areas. The hypothesis put forward in this dissertation is that the reforms promoted in Greece and Ireland can be accurately described as a reform trajectory intended to take both countries closer to a market based variety of capitalism. The analysis, based on textual analysis of the Economic Adjustment Programmes, as well as interviews with Greek, Irish and European policy-makers, suggests that VOC predicts reform trajectories largely accurately. The application of Amable’s approach also revealed its weaknesses, particularly in underestimating the role of political decision making in times of crisis through a rather mechanistic conceptualisation of the EAP implementation process. This is addressed through the inclusion of Streeck and Thelen’s mapping of political responses to external change, adding an important component to the VOC literature and making it suitable to the analysis of reform in crisis conditions.
16
Börjeson, Natasja. "Coffee is money, maize is food : Discussing agricultural specialization in Tanzania." Thesis, Södertörn University College, School of Life Sciences, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-1080.
Full textAbstract:
This paper deals with the economic development of Tanzania and especially with the development of the smallholders. My aim is to study whether the Structural Adjustment Programmes have helped to facilitate growth in the agricultural and export-sector and if the reforms implemented through the programmes have made agricultural specialization easier and improved the economic situation for the smallholders.
In this paper, I will discuss that there might be significant limitations in the favours received due to SAP and that the Structural Adjustment Programmes because of this may not be the model for agricultural development as it is claimed by the initiators; the World Bank and the IMF. On the contrary, I present the idea that SAP can be said to have failed in its undertaking and that the reforms might not be suitable for the smallholder sector. I will in the paper argue that SAP has not facilitated an agricultural specialization and that this has much to do with the increase of production costs that the smallholders have been faced with after the reforms. And because of this it could be argued that the Structural Adjustment Programmes might not be an appropriate development strategy for Tanzania, if the country is to achieve growth through specialization. Consequently, there might be reason to believe that the reforms not are overall suitable for the Tanzanian development, considering that a growth within the agricultural smallholder sector is crucial for Tanzania to achieve a long term economic growth.
17
Gumede, Nyawo Basirio Simbi. "Economic structural adjustment programmes in the Southern African development community : an analysis of impact and policy considerations with special reference to Zambia and Zimbabwe." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/9748.
Full textAbstract:
Bibliography: leaves 183-189.This study is primarily aimed at examining the impact of World Bank / IMF, structural adjustment programmes in the SADC region. However, the main focus of the study was on Zimbabwe and Zambia. These World Bank / IMF-influenced perestroikas, are believed to be viable panacea, for the state of economic malaise prevalent in the SADC region. In undertaking this research, various methods were utilised to acquire data. A case study approach was used. However, the main method of data collection which was heavily relied upon was document study. The collected data was analysed and presented in both graphical and tabular form. This study, inter alia, established that the implementation of IMF / WB structural adjustment programmes in the SADC region has precipitated a plethora of insurmountable socio-economic problems for the citizenry of both Zimbabwe and Zambia. Furthermore, the research has revealed that IMF / WB influenced structural adjustment programmes have culminated in large-scale unemployment, retrenchments, an acute decline in educational and health standards, ever-skyrocketing food prices, rents, taxes, mass exodus of qualified human resources to greener pastures, big debts, inflation and labour strikes in Zimbabwe and Zambia.
18
Uzukwu, Elochukwu Eugene. "Book Reviews: Alfred T. Hennelly (editor), "Liberation Theology. A Documentary History," and United Nations Economic Commission for Aftrica. "African Alternative Framework to Structural Adjustment Programmes for Socio-Economic Recovery and Transformation. A Popular Version."." Bulletin of Ecumenical Theology, 1993. http://digital.library.duq.edu/u?/bet,1596.
Full text
19
Weckström, Breidenstein Regina. "Economic globalization and social conflicts in developing countries : A qualitative case study on the relationship between economic globalization and social conflicts in Benin and Zambia." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för freds- och konfliktforskning, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-341400.
Full textAbstract:
Economic globalization is said to promote peace and prosperity while reducing poverty and deter conflicts. Liberal scholars argue that economic globalization is more important than good governance/democracy for deterring conflict, and that the pacifying effects of economic globalization are universal. Dependency theorists on the other hand, argue that economic globalization is only beneficial for the core countries of the world while the periphery countries are being exploited of resources in exchange for instability and inequality. However, if economic globalization is more important than good governance and democracy, why then are there many developing countries with high levels of economic globalization and poverty and conflict? This study set out to examine the relationship between economic globalization and social conflicts in developing countries and found that the likelihood of social conflict increases with higher levels of economic globalization in developing countries.
20
Thiboutot, Monika. "CURES TO STALLED DEVELOPMENT: CAUSES AND SOLUTIONS TO ECONOMIC CRISIS IN SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA." Master's thesis, University of Central Florida, 2006. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/2776.
Full textAbstract:
The purpose of this thesis is to investigate some of the contending issues associated with economic underdevelopment in sub-Saharan African states. Specifically, this thesis focuses on the combined effects of World Bank and International Monetary Fund (IMF) economic austerity programs, the increased spread of the HIV/AIDS pandemic, and the continuous democratic deficit on the sluggish economic performance within four sub-Saharan African countries – Ghana, Kenya, Botswana and the Democratic Republic of Congo. The research questions are: are there any unique political, cultural, and economic issues that underscore and determine the path of sub-Saharan African development? What are the potentials for sub-Saharan Africa going beyond its present state of socioeconomic and political underdevelopment? Can sub-Saharan African nation-states truly claim the 21st century? It is hoped that what is learned from examining the situation in these four countries may be generalizeable to other sub-Saharan African states. This thesis has been written with the conviction that sub-Saharan Africa, although it has missed opportunities over the past thirty years, has not completely closed the door on economic development. Although sub-Saharan African conditions have not favored development and there is no simple solution for sub-Saharan Africa's economic and social ills, there are a number of 'common sense' approaches toward sustainable economic and social development. This thesis examines why sub-Saharan Africa's economic crisis has persevered for three decades, and why efforts to establish and uphold more effective economic policies and functioning public institutions have been so much more difficult in sub-Saharan Africa than elsewhere. My account concentrates on political and institutional factors: I explore how the predicament has progressed over the last thirty years, and the repercussions of the long-term nature of this predicament. The focal purpose is to identify and explain the causes which have kept sub-Saharan Africa for several decades mired in an ostensibly permanent crisis. The general theme of the thesis emphasizes that politics and economics are interconnected in sub-Saharan Africa. Moreover, the thesis focuses on the changing role of politics and markets in the process of economic development since the 1970s – and prospects for the future of this region.M.A.
Department of Political Science
Sciences
Political Science
21
Koyuncu, Murat. "Social Policy As A Missing Component In Post-crisis Programs Of Bretton Woods Institutions: A Comparative Analysis Of The Experiences Of Argentina, Indonesia And Turkey." Master's thesis, METU, 2004. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12605256/index.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
This study investigates the socioeconomic effects of the economic crises and the post-crisis programs based on the experiences of Argentina, Indonesia and Turkey. For this purpose, main socioeconomic indicators of these countries are analyzed for the 1990-2002 period by utilizing the before-after methodology. The comparative analysis of the results shows that significant deteriorations in the socioeconomic indicators of these countries had occurred in the crisis periods. In addition, the social policy components of post-crisis programs of these countries are analyzed. In this regard, it is found that the governments and the BWIs are more likely to incorporate active social policy measures, which would mitigate the negative socioeconomic effects of the crises on the households, into the post-crisis programs under the presence of significant public pressure emanating from social protests.
22
Urmanbetova, Asel. "Three essays on evolving regulatory climates and market adjustment strategies." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/53949.
Full textAbstract:
This dissertation consists of three empirical analyses examining the interactive and evolving nature of government regulations and how the regulated industries respond to the changes in the regulatory climate. Using the U.S. pulp and paper mills as an example, the three essays bring together a number of strands of literature in environmental economics and policy studies discussing how changes in the U.S. environmental policy are shaped by industry concerns and which strategies firms choose in order to adjust to the changes in policy. Essay 1 examines if, in addition to the standard input factors, indirect costs associated with tax and environmental policies affect papermakers’ ‘stay put’ investment decisions. The findings suggest that state environmental stringency has a negative impact on investments, but it is statistically insignificant and higher taxes do not deter investments. The Essay 2 studies whether voluntary abatement and prevention efforts at pulp and paper mills affects regulatory stringency they face. The analysis tests the hypotheses of ‘responsive regulation’ and whether regulators are driven by numerical pollution targets or budgetary constraints. The findings suggest that voluntary pollution abatement and prevention have greater impact on regulatory stringency than government budgets. Finally, Essay 3 analyzes the relationship between pollution prevention (P2) policy instruments and adoption of P2 modifications. The study tests the hypotheses of whether P2 policy instruments have positive impact on P2 adoptions. The results suggest that the policy instruments have different effects on different types of P2 modifications and that regulatory and political threat is a strong predictor of P2 adoptions.
23
Moleka, Elvis Musango. "Inflation dynamics and its effects on monetary policy rules." Thesis, University of Bath, 2015. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.687344.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis examines dynamic relationships between inflation and monetary policy in a sample of African economies using quarterly data over the period 1980:01 to 2012:04. The literature on inflation dynamics and monetary policy focuses on developed economies, with little attention devoted to the African economies, which is potentially explained by the fact that in the past monetary policy played second fiddle because of fiscal policy dominance following episodes of high inflation and stabilization policies that occurred in the 1980's. This thesis fills an important gap in assessing African's monetary policy. The thesis predominantly uses the Vector-Autoregression (VAR) framework to examine the monetary policy frameworks of the African economies. The thesis finds that an interest rate shock on average explain a more significant proportion of the variance in the output gap and inflation than the exchange rate, in terms of analysing the decomposition of shocks to the economy. This shows a shift in the monetary policy focus away from exchange rate management to interest rate targeting as the African economies have become more market oriented. The monetary policy reveal strong asymmetric responses with respect to the macroeconomic variables when inflation exceeds its threshold value. The analysis suggests that monetary policy in the African economies is regime-dependent, propagated through the inflation thresholds, such that the authorities strongly implement policy changes when inflation goes beyond a certain threshold. The thesis reveals that by taking into account the prior belief of the monetary authorities, it helps produce better estimates of the performance of the monetary policy transmission mechanism, as it combines prior information with the sampling information which is contained in the data. The overall novelty of the thesis is that some African economies are adopting inflation targeting policies instead of exchange rate management. It is imperative that the subsequent inflation targeting frameworks will achieve monetary policy objectives for the African economies and the use of interest rate management should be continued.
24
Ikanga, A.-Mponga Bakand’Olinga. "Causes et conséquences des programmes d’ajustement structurel en République Démocratique du Congo (RDC)." Thesis, Paris 10, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA100035/document.
Full textAbstract:
Notre recherche a consisté a nous faire une opinion raisonnée sur les interventions des Institutions de Bretton-Woods en République Démocratique de Congo, en nous appuyant sur une analyse de long terme de l’endettement extérieur du pays, et par conséquent à la mise en œuvre des programmes des stabilisations dans les années 70 et d’ajustement structurel depuis les années 80. Cette analyse nous a permis de mettre en lumière les contraintes économiques et sociales, internes et extérieures, auxquelles le pays a dû faire face. Loin de soulager cette économie rentière, les thérapies de choc préconisées par ces Institutions ont provoqué des coûts ou effets secondaires négatifs, délibérément cherché ou non sur d’autres variables (revenu global, niveau des prix, inflation/hyperinflation…). D’autre part, elles ont eu un coût social élevé, et ont contribuées lourdement à une détérioration de la répartition des revenus entre les diverses couches sociales du pays. L’échec des programmes d’ajustement structurel étant aujourd’hui reconnu, il était devenu donc impératif d’imaginer d’autres types d’approches moins superficielles, qui puissent intégrer non-seulement l’équilibre des variables macro et/ou micro-économiques, mais aussi méso-économique ; et donc l’accent doit être désormais mis sur l’amont (discussions des politiques) et sur l’aval (mis au point des projets ou programmes). C’est ainsi que furent mis en place, depuis le milieu des années 90, les mesures d’allègement ou d’annulation de la dette extérieure. L’austérité préconisée aujourd’hui, face à la crise de la dette dans la zone euro, semble ne pas tenir compte des conséquences que les politiques d’inspiration monétariste ont entraînées partout où elles ont été mises en œuvre, et particulièrement en Afrique. Ainsi, nous-nous demandons si le Libéraux ont-ils retenu les leçons des échecs des programmes d’ajustement structurel (PAS) dans les pays ajustés. Pour ce faire, nous-nous sommes permis de proposer quelques perspectives ou voies de sortie afin d’éviter de retomber dans le cycle de la dette que la RD Congo a connutOur research was to give us a reasoned opinion on the actions of the Bretton-Woods in DR Congo, relying on an analysis of long term external debt of the country, and therefore the implementation of programs stabilization in the 70s and structural adjustment since the 80s. This analysis allowed us to highlight the economic and social constraints, internal and external, that the country faced. Far from alleviating the rentier economy, shock therapies advocated by these institutions have caused costs or negative side effects, deliberately sought or not other variables (total income, inflation/hyperinflation…). On the other hand, they had a high social cost, and contributed heavily to the deterioration of income distribution among different social strata of the country. The failure of structural adjustment programs (SAPs) is regnized today, it has become imperative to imagine other types of less superficial approaches that can integrate not only the balance of macro variables and/or micro-economic, but also meso, and therefore the emphasis should now be placed on the upstream (policy discussion) and downstream (developed projects or programs). Thus were established since the mid 90s, the relief measures or cancellation of the external debt. The austerity advocated today, faced with the debt crisis in the euro area seems to ignore the impact that monetary policies have led to inspiration wherever they have been implemented, particularity in Africa. Thus, we ask whether we Liberals have learned from the failures of adjustment programs (SAPs) in the country originates, the former adjusted. To do this, we have allowed us to propose a few prospects or output channels to avoid failing into the cycle of debt that DR Congo has experienced so far
25
Kinuthia, Wanyee. "“Accumulation by Dispossession” by the Global Extractive Industry: The Case of Canada." Thèse, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/30170.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis draws on David Harvey’s concept of “accumulation by dispossession” and an international political economy (IPE) approach centred on the institutional arrangements and power structures that privilege certain actors and values, in order to critique current capitalist practices of primitive accumulation by the global corporate extractive industry. The thesis examines how accumulation by dispossession by the global extractive industry is facilitated by the “free entry” or “free mining” principle. It does so by focusing on Canada as a leader in the global extractive industry and the spread of this country’s mining laws to other countries – in other words, the transnationalisation of norms in the global extractive industry – so as to maintain a consistent and familiar operating environment for Canadian extractive companies. The transnationalisation of norms is further promoted by key international institutions such as the World Bank, which is also the world’s largest development lender and also plays a key role in shaping the regulations that govern natural resource extraction. The thesis briefly investigates some Canadian examples of resource extraction projects, in order to demonstrate the weaknesses of Canadian mining laws, particularly the lack of protection of landowners’ rights under the free entry system and the subsequent need for “free, prior and informed consent” (FPIC). The thesis also considers some of the challenges to the adoption and implementation of the right to FPIC. These challenges include embedded institutional structures like the free entry mining system, international political economy (IPE) as shaped by international institutions and powerful corporations, as well as concerns regarding ‘local’ power structures or the legitimacy of representatives of communities affected by extractive projects. The thesis concludes that in order for Canada to be truly recognized as a leader in the global extractive industry, it must establish legal norms domestically to ensure that Canadian mining companies and residents can be held accountable when there is evidence of environmental and/or human rights violations associated with the activities of Canadian mining companies abroad. The thesis also concludes that Canada needs to address underlying structural issues such as the free entry mining system and implement FPIC, in order to curb “accumulation by dispossession” by the extractive industry, both domestically and abroad.
26
Grigiac, Yonathan. "Portuguese banks and the economic adjustment programme: balance sheet adjustments and impact on profitability." Master's thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/14904.
Full textAbstract:
Double Degree. A Work Project presented as part of the requirements for the Award of a Masters Degree in Management from the NOVA – School of Business and Economics and a Masters Degree in Finance from Louvain School of ManagementThis thesis studies the different strategies and initiatives followed by Portuguese banks to achieve the targets set by the economic adjustment programme and their impact on the banking sector’s profitability. I analyse what banks have undertaken in terms of capital level and other sources of financing. I also address the issue of deleveraging by studying the evolution of the loan portfolio as well as risk weighted assets. Finally, I analyse the impact of those changes on the bank’s net interest incomes and cost to income ratio. Using a sample composed of four major Portuguese banks, I conclude that banks have become safer but still need to make some effort to achieve stability.
NSBE - UNL
27
"An analytical investigation of the structural adjustment programme for television receiving sets, with special reference to possible alternatives." Thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10210/13255.
Full text
28
Mucharambeyi, Kudakwashe Godfrey. "The effects of economic structural adjustment programme and the shelter development strategy on the housing construction industry in Zimbabwe." Thesis, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/2665.
Full textAbstract:
The motive behind this dissertation involved the scholastic empirical testing of the impacts of development policy, pursued at macro-economic level in housing and construction industry in Zimbabwe during Economic Structural Adjustment Programme (ESAP) between 1990-1995. It further explores the understanding of the variety of interconnections between macro-economic in light of structural adjustment and Shelter development Strategy. The introductory focuses on conceptualisation of the dissertation in relation to contemporary policy and academic debates. A historical review of both macroeconomic and shelter industry management policies experienced in Zimbabwe prior to ESAP are examined. Architecture structure of the adjustment programe specifically in the in creating an enabling environment in respect to the overall macro-economic reforms in relation to the shelter industry is sketched. Party Two deals with housing and Zimbabwean construction finance both prior and after ESAP, comparison with other African countries is reviewed-positive impacts of liberalizing a sophisticated financial sector, limited impact in attracting foreign investment and negative impact of reduced government investment on the housing construction industry. The final section deals with the impact of adjustment and shelter strategy on job creation and income levels. Also focuses on the responsiveness of the construction supply to adjustment and enablement policies. The development of ideas surrounding this research and methodology of fieldwork are also discussed. Conclusion and recommendations are drawn to fulfill the dissertation-Scholarly.Thesis (Ph.D.)-University of Natal, 2001.
29
Korb, Ilonka Suzanna. "The implementation of a RDP public works programme in the Greater Johannesburg TMC." Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10210/7097.
Full textAbstract:
M.A.The South African development context is characterized by high levels of unemployment and poverty. It is therefore imperative to address these two aspects if any advancement in regard to development is to be achieved. Several options are available to development agents and government structures alike. The pre-requisite, however, for the selection of an option is sustainability. A Public Works Programme (PWP) holds the potential of impacting on South Africa's high levels of unemployment and poverty. Although this programme needs to be implemented alongside similar economic upliftment initiatives, a PWP can contribute significantly to the improvement of the SA development situation. The nature of a PWP has changed from purely creating jobs, to including training and education as essential components of a PWP. Only by including the latter components, can a PWP be deemed sustainable and impact directly on the lives of the participants. With the transformation to a new political dispensation in April 1994, SA also embarked on formulating a holistic and comprehensive development approach and vision. The final product was the Reconstruction and Development Programme. This Programme established the broad framework in which development policy and implementation take place. The RDP consists of various development aspects, all aimed at improving the SA development context. One of these aspects is focused at the upliftment and stimulation of the economy. The PWP forms part of the overall economic strategy. From this theoretical point of departure, the National PWP was formulated. One of the main factors that contributed to the slow development and implementation of the NPWP was the absence of local government structures. Local government structures underwent similar changes to those experienced at national level. In addition to the structural and geographical changes, the responsibilities of local government increased due to decentralisation of powers and functions from national government. Now local government holds the position of "development facilitator" instead of being a mere supplier of municipal services. Local economic development within the specified area has been emphasised as an urgent matter that needs to be developed and supported by local government. The NPWP fits perfectly into this mould. This study investigates the nature of the NPWP and the role of local government in its implementation with specific reference to a Gauteng local authority, the Greater Johannesburg Transitional Metropolitan Council.
30
Pereira, Cláudia da Silva. "Endividamento Público e Privado e Crescimento Económico Português: Uma Análise para o Período Antes e Após o Programa de Ajustamento." Master's thesis, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10316/82594.
Full textAbstract:
Trabalho de Projeto do Mestrado em Economia apresentado à Faculdade de EconomiaEste trabalho tem como objetivo estudar a relação existente entre o crescimento económico e o endividamento público e privado em Portugal, no período antes e pós programa de ajustamento de 2011. Estudar esta relação é importante uma vez que a Crise da Dívida Soberana que se abateu sobre a economia portuguesa foi sobretudo uma crise de endividamento excessivo, associado a um fraco crescimento económico. Num primeiro momento, será feita uma análise retrospetiva do comportamento das variáveis em estudo. Os primeiros anos que se seguiram à adesão de Portugal à União Europeia podem ser considerados como de sucesso, com Portugal a convergir para padrões semelhantes aos verificados nos restantes países europeus, por vezes com taxas de crescimento do PIB superiores às registadas na EU-12. Porém, a primeira década do novo milénio contrasta com os anos anteriores, caracterizando-se por uma desaceleração do crescimento económico e por um fortíssimo aumento da dívida tanto pública como privada. A Crise dos Subprime iniciada nos EUA suou como um alarme, os mercados financeiros e investidores internacionais começaram a olhar de forma preocupada para as economias europeias. As Crises das Dívidas Soberanas atingiram a Europa em 2009 e Portugal teve de recorrer a um resgate financeiro em 2011. Seguiram-se anos de austeridade. Num segundo momento será realizado um estudo aplicado, através de uma regressão simples, que evidência a existência de uma relação não linear entre o endividamento público e o crescimento económico, sugerindo que baixo níveis de endividamento público estão associados a elevados níveis de crescimento económico e, por vezes, elevados valores de endividamento público estão associados a baixos níveis de crescimento económico. Uma segunda regressão revelará a existência de uma relação linear negativa entre o endividamento privado e o crescimento económico.
This work aims to study the relation between the economic growth and the public and private depth in Portugal, in the time before and after the adjustment programme of 2011. Studying this relation is important since the Crises of Soberane Depth that took over the Portuguese economy, was mainly one of excessive depth, connected to a weak economic growth. On a first moment, we will make a retrospective analysis of the behaviour of the varieties studied. The first years that followed the membership of Portugal to the European Union can be considered successful, when Portugal was approaching the levels of the other European countries, sometimes with Internal Product growth rate levels superior to the other twelve European members. Although, the first decade of the new millennium contrasts with the years before, being characterised by a decrease of the economic growth and by a huge increase of the public and private depth. The crises of the Subprime which began in the USA, alarmed the financial markets and the international investors, who began to look worried towards the European economies. The Crises of the Soberane Depth reached Europe in 2009 and Portugal had to undertake a financial rescue in 2011. Years of austerity followed this. On a second moment, a study will be made through a simple regression, that highlights the existence of a nonlinear relation between the public depth and the economic growth, suggesting that low levels of public depth are linked to high levels of economic growth and, sometimes, high levels of public depth are associated to low levels of economic growth. A second regression will show the existence of a negative linear relation between private depth and economic growth.
31
Mabhoyi, Lloyd Chaurika. "Narratives of at-risk students in secondary schools in Zimbabwe." Thesis, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/23114.
Full textAbstract:
This study investigates the experiences of at-risk secondary school students in the Chitungwiza District, Zimbabwe. At-riskiness is defined as a condition in which students are likely to produce poor academic achievement, irregular school attendance, grade retention or dropout due to various individual and social factors. At-riskiness has increased in Zimbabwe’s school population since the adoption and subsequent failure of the Economic Structural Adjustment Programme (ESAP) which has contributed to poverty and concomitant poor social conditions. A literature study explored at-riskiness in the light of socio-cultural perspectives on at-riskiness and also discussed contextual factors in the Zimbabwean schooling system which influence students’ vulnerability to at-riskiness. A qualitative inquiry using a narrative approach explored at-riskiness in the life stories of three male and three female secondary school students attending two selected schools in Chitungwiza, an economically deprived area close to Harare. Selection of schools was based on high levels of absenteeism and sustained poor performance in the national school leaving examinations. Purposeful participant selection was based on school records on grade repetition, absenteeism and poor behaviour. Semi-structured Interviews with participants, based on the Dan MacAdams framework for life story research, were used to gather rich data. Ethical compliance included written parental consent and participant assent and the assurance of anonymity, confidentiality and the right to refuse information. Findings were categorized under family related factors, school related factors and resource limitations. At-riskiness was exacerbated by parental unemployment, poor socio-economic conditions at home and a lack of cultural capital. Participants were compelled to undertake casual work to supplement household income in addition to the fulfillment of academic responsibilities. Poor school conditions comprising poor discipline and unprofessional teacher conduct increased at-riskiness especially among female participants. Resource limitations included poor nutrition, lack of basic necessities required for personal hygiene, in adequate parenting and the absence of psycho-social support mechanisms. Based on the literature study and empirical inquiry, recommendations were made for a more inclusive educational model, poverty alleviation and special support for disadvantaged students to reduce at-riskiness among students in Zimbabwe.Educational Foundations
D. Ed. (Socio-Education)
32
Martins, Manuel Tiago Rebelo. "IMF adjustment programmes: Tailor made or one-size-fits all?: A critical analysis of the design and implementation of three Eurozone programmes." Dissertação, 2012. https://repositorio-aberto.up.pt/handle/10216/66909.
Full text
33
Martins, Manuel Tiago Rebelo. "IMF adjustment programmes: Tailor made or one-size-fits all?: A critical analysis of the design and implementation of three Eurozone programmes." Master's thesis, 2012. https://repositorio-aberto.up.pt/handle/10216/66909.
Full text
34
Nnazor, Agatha Ifeyinwa. "Structural adjustment programmes and the informal sector : the Nigerian case of Jos women." Thesis, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/10836.
Full textAbstract:
This study describes and analyzes the impact of Structural Adjustment Programmes
(SAPs) on the Jos women in the informal sector, as well as the strategies women adopt to
ensure the survival of their businesses and families. Studies that have investigated the impact
of SAP on women in the informal sector tend to take a rather disparate approach. Against
this background, the present study develops a coherent conceptual framework for
understanding the impact of SAPs on women in the sector.
From an interview survey conducted with one hundred and fifty (150) Jos women in
the informal urban sector, the study elicited data on the activities of the women and the ways
SAPs affect their access to productive and reproductive resources, as well as on the
responses of the women to SAPs-engendered socio-economic hardships. The data reveal that
the Jos women engage in numerous income-generating activities, mostly in small-scale, low-income
circulatory and service activities which are largely marginalized and bereft of
institutionalized resources. In addition to their productive and income-generating activities,
the Jos women perform the bulk of the reproductive and domestic work necessary for the
support of the family. As well, the women perform some extra-household work for the
welfare of the community and environment. The study shows that the Jos women are
adversely affected by SAPs. Structural Adjustment Programmes are further limiting their
access to business commodities, credit, stalls, information and training, food, healthcare,
education and transportation facilities. Consequently, women are finding it difficult to
maintain their businesses and families. Amidst the adverse effects of SAPs, the women are
resiliently and innovatively responding to SAPs through numerous business and familial
survival strategies. In addition to the responses of the Jos women, the Nigerian State, is
attempting to reduce poverty among women through its various women-centered
programmes.
The study attributes the adverse and limiting effects of SAPs on the Jos women's
access to resources to a number of forces. These include (a) the Nigerian limited and
discriminatory opportunity structures which predispose women to the largely marginalized
informal activities, (b) the small-scale and low-income nature of women's informal
activities, (c) the unequal and exploitative relationship between the informal and formal
sectors in which women provide consumer goods at low-cost for the regeneration of
capitalist labour, (d) the circulatory and service nature of women's informal activities, (e)
the gender- and class-biased structures inherent in SAPs, as well as in SAPs' implementing
mechanisms and institutions and (f) women's altruistic and selfless attitudes.
The study observes that the responses of both the Jos women and the Nigerian State
to SAPs-engendered hardships are, at best, palliative or even cosmetic. The responses do not
address the strategic needs of women. Hence the study makes a case for a transformatory
strategy through the empowerment of women.
35
Elijah, Charles Munene. "The evaluation of structural adjustment facility (SAF) programes to Kenya." Thesis, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/2009/740.
Full text
36
Mazibuko, Sibonginkosi Godfrey. "Education and development : an exploratory study of the impact of GEAR in Gauteng." Diss., 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/18184.
Full textAbstract:
The importance of formal education in socioeconomic development is an established fact.
Formal education leads to better living standards through improved productivity, health and earnings. However, opportunities to acquire quality education are a function of a country's economic policy.
This study inquires into the capacity ofthe South African macroeconomic strategy of Growth, Employment and Redistribution( GEAR) to afford people the opportunities to get quality education. The study shows close linkages between GEAR and structural adjustment
programmes( SAPs). The study argues that SAPs and thus GEAR tend to have negative impact on the poor as social spending is reduced and education gets affected. This study concludes that
GEAR is likely to impoverish the public formal education system, particularly in poorer communities.Development Studies
M. Admin. (Development Administration)
37
Hawkins, Penelope Anne. "Imported capital goods and the income adjustment process in small open economies." Diss., 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/16919.
Full textAbstract:
The principle of effective demand states that given endogenous expenditure
patterns, the level of exogenous expenditure determines the level of
employment. If investment represents the sole form of exogenous expenditure,
employment adjusts to the level of investment. If exogenous expenditure
changes, equilibrium is restored via the equilibrating variable, employment. If
employment is linked in a unique way to income, we have what is referred to
as the income adjustment process.
The income adjustment process is investigated in a closed and a small open
economy (SOE) which imports consumption and capital goods. If a SOE
imports its capital goods, the causal link between investment and employment
is weakened. When capital goods are imported, investment adjusts to the
balance of payments and animal spirits are constrained. Certain South African
data are analysed within the framework of the income adjustment process.M.A.(Economics)
38
Dipeolu, Adeyemi Olayiwola Kayode. "Policy reforms and economic development : an institutional perspective on the Nigerian experience (1986 to 1993)." Thesis, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/18012.
Full textAbstract:
African economies, including Nigeria continued to perform poorly despite the adoption of economic policy
reforms in the 1980s. An explanation for the failure of economic policy reforms was therefore sought from
an institutional perspective. Since active state intervention in the economy was the rationale given for the
economic crisis of developing countries, the conventional case for an active state which rested on the need
to correct for market failure was counterposed with the argument that the economy was best coordinated by
market forces given that the state was not benevolent, omniscient or omnipotent. However, the state has
played an important role in the transformation of late developers while a state-market dichotomy takes no
account of institutional factors.
The widespread adoption of economic policy reforms owed more to an ideological shift in the development
paradigm than to the debt crisis and there was a great deal of controversy about the theoretical foundations
and impact of these reforms contrary to claims of a consensus. An institutionalist political economy which
recognises that the market is not the only institution and that economic transformation requires the positive
use of political power was proposed. Such an approach takes account of history, politics and the institutional
diversity of capitalism. A more nuanced view of state intervention was therefore advocated. The importance
of institutional arrangements in the quest for economic transformation underscored the inadequacy of
structural adjustment which was hampered by the lack of price and institutional flexibility as well as other
institutional constraints.
The Nigerian experience of structural adjustment shows that long term growth prospects were not enhanced
and that the reforms tended to favour the financial sector over the real sector. The failure of economic policy
reforms in Nigeria can be attributed to the continued presence of constraining institutional factors and the
absence of a positive use of political power.Economics
D. Comm. (Economics)
39
Pinto, Nelson Jesus. "A estrutura de capital e gestão de resultados: a realidade das empresas privadas em países sujeitos a programas de ajustamento: Portugal e Irlanda." Master's thesis, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10071/16067.
Full textAbstract:
As decisões sobre estrutura de capitais, inevitavelmente, tomadas pelas empresas, há muito que
têm sido invocadas pela sua proximidade ao fenómeno da gestão de resultados. O
endividamento tem um papel basilar nesta dinâmica e é tido como uma das principais forças
motrizes que movem as empresas em direção à manipulação da informação financeira, com o
intuito de potenciar a angariação de financiamento ou evitar custos que poderão decorrer do
incumprimento das cláusulas previstas na sua contratação.
Este estudo aborda a relação entre as duas realidades num contexto económico particularmente
difícil resultante dos programas de ajustamento económico implementados em Portugal e na
Irlanda, impostos como condição pelo resgate financeiro de que vieram a beneficiar.
Consideramos os anos entre 2008 e 2016 para aferir os contornos da relação entre
endividamento e gestão de resultados, mais precisamente no sentido de confirmar uma
associação positiva entre estes.
Numa amostra composta por 970 empresas não cotadas, oriundas dos dois países, e com base
no método dos accruals, cuja componente discricionária foi obtida através de quatro modelos
que derivaram de Jones (1991) (incluindo o próprio original Jones Model), encontramos
evidências de uma relação positiva entre o nível de endividamento e o nível de gestão de
resultados, concluindo também que o nível desta relação foi diferente entre os dois países.
Demonstramos ainda que no período em que decorreram os programas de assistência financeira
houve uma atenuação na relação entre os fenómenos.The decisions on capital structure inevitably taken by companies have long been invoked by their proximity to the phenomenon of earnings management. Financial leverage plays a key role in the dynamics and has been considered one of the main driving forces that moves companies towards accounting manipulation, in order to promote leverage increases or to avoid debt covenant violations. This study addresses the relationship between the two realities in a particularly difficult economic context resulting from the economic adjustment programmes implemented in Portugal and Ireland, imposed as a condition for the financial bailout from which they have benefited. We consider the years ranging between 2008 and 2016 to assess the contours of the relationship between leverage and earnings management, more precisely in the sense of confirming a positive association between them. In a sample of 970 unlisted companies from both countries, and based on the accruals method, where the discretionary component was obtained through four models that derived from Jones (1991) (including the original Jones model), we found evidence of a positive relation between leverage and earnings management levels, also concluding that the level of this relation was different between the two countries. Furthermore, we demonstrate that during the period in which the financial assistance programmes were in place there was an attenuation in the relation between the phenomena.
40
Pontes, Filipe António Osório de Almeida. "Ajuda da/à Troika: causas e impactos no sector bancário português." Master's thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10071/4608.
Full textAbstract:
O objectivo deste documento é explicar o impacto no sector bancário Português das medidas acordadas no âmbito do Plano de Ajustamento económico e Financeiro (PAEF) que afectam o sector financeiro Português, evidenciando não só os efeitos provindos do risco sistémico inerente, mas procurando também descortinar as particularidades de cada uma das 5 maiores instituições bancárias nacionais, tentando apontar para os caminhos a percorrer no futuro por cada instituição.
Procura-se sinteticamente procurar as origens da crise financeira, desde a chamada crise do subprime, a sua magnitude até aos dias de hoje, à crise de liquidez e a elevada exposição ao risco de crédito das 5 principais entidades bancárias.
Procedeu-se a uma análise ao sector bancário português, começando-se por apresentar o actual enquadramento económico mundial, europeu e nacional, e analisando as particularidades de cada instituições, verificando-se as opções tomadas e os impactos futuros das perspectivas de cada num contexto nacional de profunda recessão. A retracção do PIB, o crescimento do no desemprego e as restrições no acesso ao crédito, deverão ter como efeitos o aumento no incumprimento e degradação das carteiras de crédito e o eventual corte no financiamento ao investimento de bons projectos promovidos por empresas economicamente saudáveis.
Intersectando todas as questões de políticas económicas encontram-se as medidas acordadas no âmbito do acordo do Programa de ajustamento económico e financeiro para a ajuda aprovada para Portugal cuja análise é também efectuada.The purpose of this paper is to explain the impact on the Portuguese banking sector of the measures agreed under the Plan Economic and Financial Adjustment (PAEF) affecting the Portuguese financial sector, showing not only the effects stemming from the systemic risk inherent, but also seeking to unveil the particularities of each of the five largest national banks, trying to point to the ways to go in the future by each institution. Wanted synthetically seek the origins of the financial crisis since the so-called subprime crisis, its magnitude up to today, the crisis of liquidity and high credit risk exposure of the five major banks. There has been an analysis of the Portuguese banking sector, starting by presenting the current global economic environment, European and national level and to analyze the particularities of each institution, verifying the choices made and the impacts of future prospects for each context national recession. The slowdown of GDP growth in unemployment and restrictions on access to credit should have as effect the increase in default and deterioration of loan portfolios and the possible cut in funding for good investment projects promoted by companies economically sound. Intersecting all matters of economic policy are the measures agreed under the agreement of the adjustment program for economic and financial assistance approved for Portugal whose analysis is also performed.
41
Torres, Margarida Gagliardini Graça Pinheiro. "In what way are the EU financial assistance programs subject to the jurisdiction of the Court of Justice and to the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union? : the case Eugenia Florescu and Others v. Casa Judeteana de Pensii Sibiu and others : Case C-258/14, 13 june 2017." Master's thesis, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.14/27226.
Full textAbstract:
The sovereign debt crisis of 2010 involved a serious reform to the economic governance of the
European Union, including the way the EU financially assists Member States when in
difficulties. The conditionality attached to an adjustment program often requires the adoption
of economic, financial and public policies intended to cut sovereign public debt. When
choosing those policies, Member States, under the pressure to comply with such conditionality,
often adopt austerity measures that interfere with citizens’ Fundamental Rights. Such reality
led to the increase of crisis-related litigation in national courts but also in the Court of Justice
of the EU; in most of the crisis-related cases that reached the Court of Justice of the European
Union, the Court has chosen to be silent on this matter, arguing that it had no jurisdiction
because the question being referred did not fall within the scope of EU Law. The Florescu case
is the first decision where the Court recognised its jurisdiction concerning sovereign debt crisis
cases, by deciding to answer at least, some of the issues surrounding the bailout programs under
balance of payments: the unsolved issue of the legal nature of the MoUs, the question of
whether or not it represents implementation of EU Law and thus subject to the jurisdiction of
the Court and to the Charter of Fundamental Rights.
I will discuss the main questions of the case by analysing it considering the previous case law
of the Court. First the legal nature of the MoU will be addressed, in particular if it is considered
an act of EU Law and if it has legal binding effects to the Member State under the adjustment
program and to the EU Institutions. I will then examine the arguments of the Court concerning
the application of the Charter in Florescu and in the recent case Associação Sindical dos Juizes
Portugueses. We will then focus on the Proportionality Test carried out and the content of the
Right to Property, in light of the CJEU and the ECtHR case law.
Furthermore, the thesis will illustrate how the Court is breaking its silence on the legal nature
of the Memoranda of Understanding and consequently, on the application of the Charter of
Fundamental Rights to austerity measures adopted under an adjustment program, such as
Balance of Payments or the European Financial Stability Facility.