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Journal articles on the topic 'Economic Adjustment Programme'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 9 September 2021

Last updated: 29 July 2025

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1

Ghosh, Arun. "Economic Adjustment: A Programme for the Medium Term." Social Scientist 20, no. 1/2 (1992): 89. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3517539.

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De Pinho, Manuel Correia, and Maria Manuel Pinho. "The 2011-2014 Economic Adjustment Programme for Portugal." Notas Económicas, no. 55 (December 7, 2022): 67–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.14195/2183-203x_55_3.

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The 2007 global crisis triggered a severe sovereign debt crisis in Portugal, which led to the need to comply with an Economic Adjustment Programme (EAP) based, among other pillars, on fiscal consolidation. According to our literature review, the economic environment in which the adjustment occurs matters. Also, the composition of the adjustment seems to be relevant to its effectiveness, with expenditure-based plans being less contractionary (or even expansionary) than tax-based plans. Our purpose is to understand, through a VAR model, which could have been the Portuguese economic path without

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3

Tavares, Aida Isabel, and Noureddine Si Abdallah. "Long-run causal impact of the 2011 Economic Adjustment Programme on Portuguese population health." PLOS One 20, no. 5 (2025): e0324756. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0324756.

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In 2011, Portugal signed a bailout programme to be implemented over a 3-year period, from 2011 to mid-2014. This programme included a set of measures to control and reduce the public sector, which included interventions in areas such as public spending and financing, the labour market, education, and health, among other structural budget measures. The aim of this research is to determine the long-run causal impact of implementing this Economic Adjustment Programme on several population health outcomes. Data was collected for the period 1990–2019 for Portugal. Health outcome indicators account

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4

O’Gorman, Roderic. "The Failure of the Troika to Measure the Impact of the Economic Adjustment Programmes on the Vulnerable." Legal Issues of Economic Integration 44, Issue 3 (2017): 265–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/leie2017014.

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The economic adjustment programmes for Ireland, Portugal, Greece and Cyprus were based on a range of legal measures and economic policy documents. In each programme, the concept of ‘monitoring the impact of the programme measures on the vulnerable’ was expressed, though in different formats. Based on research undertaken on the quarterly reviews compiled by the Troika missions to each of the four bail-out states, this article demonstrates that an inconsistent approach was taken to the monitoring of the impact of the programme measures on vulnerable groups and that statistical information was us

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5

Chagunda, Chance. "Interrogating the Structural Adjustment Programme (SAP) in Malawi." RBEST Revista Brasileira de Economia Social e do Trabalho 4 (December 22, 2022): e022016. http://dx.doi.org/10.20396/rbest.v4i00.16569.

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This paper interrogates the implementation of the Structural Adjustment Programme (SAP) in Malawi, with a focus on its impacts on the livelihoods of the working class and poor people. The SAP was superimposed by the World Bank (WB) and International Monetary Fund (IMF), since 1981, to recover an ailing economy through economic austerity measures and to promote sustainable development. This paper critically discusses the key effects of the SAP in the long run, looking in particular at the effects on the unemployment rate, falling real wages, Malawians’ poor living standards and food insecurity.

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Ekpenyong, Stephen. "The Structural Adjustment Programme and the Elderly in Nigeria." International Journal of Aging and Human Development 41, no. 4 (1995): 267–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/78cu-0auh-3bgw-pthn.

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The article analyzes the impact of recent economic changes accompanying the introduction of the Structural Adjustment Programme (SAP) and ongoing cultural styles on the aged in Nigeria. It argues that during the one decade preceding the introduction of SAP in 1986, Nigeria experienced significant social and economic transformations made possible by the rise in oil prices in the 1970s. The introduction of SAP has also been accompanied by significant social, cultural, and economic changes. Here the effects of these changes on the situation of the elderly in Nigeria are examined using data pooled

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Neves, Maria Elisabete, Zélia Serrasqueiro, António Dias, and Cristina Hermano. "Capital structure decisions in a period of economic intervention." International Journal of Accounting & Information Management 28, no. 3 (2020): 465–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijaim-08-2019-0094.

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Purpose This paper aims to analyse the Portuguese companies’ determinants of capital structure. To reach this objective, the authors used data from 37 non-financial Portuguese large enterprises and from 4,233 non-financial small and medium enterprises for the period 2010-2016. Additionally, the authors selected a sub-period from 2010 to 2014 for a deeper understanding of the impact of the sovereign debt crisis and the Economic Adjustment Programme of Troika on the capital structure of those companies. Design/methodology/approach Three dependent variables were tested according to debt maturity,

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8

Bawumia, Mahamudu. "Understanding the rural–urban voting patterns in the 1992 Ghanaian presidential election. A closer look at the distributional impact of Ghana's Structural Adjustment Programme." Journal of Modern African Studies 36, no. 1 (1998): 47–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022278x97002632.

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This article attempts to explain the rural–urban voting patterns in the 1992 Ghanaian presidential election. In this election, rural voters voted overwhelmingly for the incumbent and urban voters did the opposite. It is argued that Ghana's Structural Adjustment Programme (1983–92) was distributionally favourable to rural households and unfavourable to urban households. A link is therefore drawn between the distributional impacts of the Structural Adjustment Programme and the voting patterns of rural and urban households.The relationship between the state of the economy and the fortunes of poli

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9

Efthimiadis, T., S. Papaioannou, and P. Tsintzos. "Economic growth in Greece: the cost of a failed adjustment programme." Applied Economics Letters 20, no. 11 (2013): 1076–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13504851.2013.783679.

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10

Owusu, J. Henry. "Determinants of export-oriented industrial output in Ghana: the case of formal wood processing in an era of economic recovery." Journal of Modern African Studies 39, no. 1 (2001): 51–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022278x01003524.

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Like many other Sub-Saharan African countries, Ghana implemented an orthodox Structural Adjustment Programme (SAP), to resuscitate its ailing economy, in the early 1980s. Subsequently, there has been a dramatic expansion in the production and export of processed wood. Based on an empirical study of Ghana's formal wood processing industry, this paper discusses the various determinants that have combined to boost the export-oriented output in the industry, particularly in the first decade of the programme, and assesses the extent to which the SAP-based policy actions account for the change. The

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11

Kyriopoulos, Ilias, Zlatko Nikoloski, and Elias Mossialos. "The impact of the Greek economic adjustment programme on household health expenditure." Social Science & Medicine 222 (February 2019): 274–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2019.01.021.

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12

Igbedioh, S. O. "Sustaining Nutrition Security in Africa under Changing Socio-Economic." Nutrition and Health 10, no. 1 (1994): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/026010609401000101.

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The adoption and implementation of the structural adjustment programme (SAP) in the 1980's by many African countries as a strategy for economic recovery has increased the magnitude of hunger and protein-energy malnutrition, vitamin A deficiency and anaemia. In addition population growth rate has continued to outstrip the food supply at a time when real income value has fallen, thereby diminishing further the access of the poor to nutritious food. Even though Africa's present food supply situation is inadequate and in some cases unsustainable it is reassuring to note that Africa can feed itself

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13

Iqbal, Zafar, and Rizwana Siddiqui. "The Impact of Structural Adjustment on Income Distribution in Pakistan A SAM-based Analysis." Pakistan Development Review 37, no. 4II (1998): 377–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.30541/v37i4iipp.377-397.

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Domestic poverty and income distribution are closely related to the state of the economy, which is linked with internal and external economic policies. Since 1988, under the rubric of structural adjustment programme (SAP), Pakistan has made use of fiscal, monetary and trade policies to correct her macro economic imbalances. It is hard to substantiate with proof that these programmes protect the poor. A number of studies have found that income distribution has been getting worse during the adjustment period in Pakistan.1 For example, Kemal (1994); Jaffery and Khattak (1995) and Anwar (1996) fou

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14

Kydd, Jonathan. "Coffee After Copper? Structural Adjustment, Liberalisation, and Agriculture in Zambia." Journal of Modern African Studies 26, no. 2 (1988): 227–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022278x00010454.

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In contrast to its policies in the economic sphere, Zambia has one of Africa's most liberal approaches to press freedom. To convey the flavour of public debate during, or immediately after, the 19-month experiment with a market-determined exchange rate, 10 quotations are presented below:Large scale mining will continue for 12 to 20 years, but small-working may go on for 50–60 years.– Francis Kaunda, Chairman, Zambia Consolidated Copper Mines, June 1987.Coffe after copper.– Campaign slogan of the Coffee Growers Committee of the Commercial Farmers' Bureau.Even real socialist countries have to fi

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15

De Abreu Pereira Uhr, Daniel, Felipe Weizenmann, and Julia Gallego Ziero Uhr. "The impact of the Economic Adjustment Programme for Ireland: a synthetic control approach." Economics and Business Letters 13, no. 2 (2024): 82–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.17811/ebl.13.2.2024.82-90.

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We examine the effect of the Economic Adjustment Programme for Ireland on the country’s per capita income. We are the first to provide empirical analysis on the importance of the program to Irish economic recovery post-financial crisis. We employ the synthetic control approach with bias correction with World Bank Opendata and Irish Central Statistics Office data from 2000 to 2019. Our results indicate that the EAP had a positive and statistically significant impact on Ireland’s per capita income, with an average effect of 5,626.27 US$. These conclusions are robust to a placebo test and the Syn

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16

Papadopoulos, Thomas. "Privatizations of State-Owned Enterprises in Greece after the Third Economic Adjustment Programme." European Company Law 15, Issue 6 (2018): 205–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/eucl2018030.

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17

de Almeida, João Ramos, José Castro Caldas, and Ana Costa. "Fabricating consent for an ‘adjustment programme’: Crisis narratives of economic journalists in Portugal." Journal of Greek Media & Culture 4, no. 1 (2018): 27–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/jgmc.4.1.27_1.

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18

Dall'Acqua, Fernando M. "Economic Adjustment and Nutrition Policies: Evaluation of a School-Lunch Programme in Brazil." Food and Nutrition Bulletin 13, no. 3 (1991): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/156482659101300315.

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19

Bonnecase, Vincent. "Democracy and Adjustment in Niger: A Conflict of Rationales." International Review of Social History 66, S29 (2021): 181–214. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020859021000183.

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AbstractIn the early 1990s, Niger saw growing anger towards the military regime in power, not only because of police violence, but also due to its economic and social policies, particularly its first structural adjustment programme. After several months of revolts, the regime fell, giving way to a democratic government in 1991. Under pressure from international financial institutions, the new government quickly embarked on the same economic and social path as the previous one and adopted an adjustment policy, resistance to which had played a fundamental role in its accession to power. The gove

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20

Veiga, Francisco José. "Forecast errors in prices and wages: the experience with three programme countries." Notas Económicas, no. 44 (February 28, 2018): 7–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.14195/2183-203x_44_1.

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This paper evaluates the accuracy of price and wage forecasts made under the scope of the Greek, Portuguese and Irish Economic Adjustment Programmes (EAPs). Besides comparing the quality of forecasts for the three EAPs, it checks if they were less accurate than forecasts for other euro area countries, and compares the European Commission’s forecasts with those of the IMF and OECD. Programme forecasts for Greece were, overall, the least accurate, but those made under the second Greek EAP seem to have gotten closer to actual values. The results also suggest that EC forecasts were not less accura

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21

Jones, Ebieri. "ARDL Approach to Government Revenue and Economic Performance of Nigeria: Post Structural Adjustment Programme." Journal of Accounting and Financial Management 8, no. 6 (2023): 14–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.56201/jafm.v8.no6.2022.pg14.25.

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This study examined effect of government revenue on economic performance of Nigeria during the post structural adjustment programme and extracted relevant data in Central Bank of Nigeria statistical bulletin from 1986 to 2018. The data were transformed to annual growth rates and subjected to stationarity test using the augmented Dickey Fuller unit root test so as to ascertain the suitable analytical technique. It was found that percentage change in real gross domestic product was integrated at first difference while percentage changes in oil and non-oil revenue were each integrated at level. H

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22

Bhatt, Ela R. "Economic Reforms and the People Sector." Vikalpa: The Journal for Decision Makers 23, no. 1 (1998): 75–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0256090919980109.

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In recent years⁄ there has been considerable discussion in India on Structural Adjustment Programme and its impact on the economy. However⁄ the moot question is whether restructuring efforts have benefited the ‘people sector’ that includes the workers who are informal⁄ unorganized, and selfemployed. Based on years of experience with SEWA, Ela Bhatt argues that most economic policies including the recent economic reforms have largely benefited the large corporate bodies and have completely ignored the poor and the women. According to her⁄ it is possible to benefit from the reforms if the focus

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23

Steel, William F. "Recent Policy Reform and Industrial Adjustment in Zambia and Ghana." Journal of Modern African Studies 26, no. 1 (1988): 157–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022278x00010387.

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It has been argued recently that implementing a laissez-faire approach to economic development faces serious difficulties in Africa.1 This article provides some empirical evidence on the question by comparing the recent efforts of two countries to move towards less interventionist policies. Both Zambia and Ghana attempted to reverse their deteriorating economic performance by introducing major reform measures during the mid-1980s. Their different experiences illustrate both the positive effects that laissez-faire policies can have when resource allocation has been constrained by extensive cont

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24

Ibrahim, Jibrin. "La société contre le bipartisme ?" Politique africaine 32, no. 1 (1988): 7–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/polaf.1988.5222.

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Society against a two-party system ? General Bakangida’s presidency is orienting Nigeria towards fundomental political and economic transformations. At the political level, a federal bipartisan system mobilised by an organisation created to produce a new political culture is proposed. For the economy, an IMF type structural Adjustment Programme is being implemented. How would Nigeria’s pluricultural society react to the exigencies of this guided democracy and economic hardship ?

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Akhtar, Naeem. "C. H. Hanumantha Rao and Hans Linnemann (eds). Economic Reforms and Poverty Alleviation in India. New Delhi: Sage Publications, 1996. 271 pages. Hardbound, Indian Rs 350.00; paperback, Indian Rs 195.00." Pakistan Development Review 36, no. 3 (1997): 300–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.30541/v36i3pp.300-303.

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The book under review is an edited collection of eight papers presented at a seminar on “Structural Adjustment and Poverty in India: Policy and Research Issues”, and is Volume 17 in the Indo-Dutch studies on Development Alternatives. The book evaluates the impact of economic reforms on poverty alleviation in India. In the “Introduction”, the editors describe the main theme of the book and propose some policy measures for poverty alleviation in the light of the findings of the papers included in the book. The paper, “Structural Adjustment in India—What about Poverty Alleviation?”, by Pieter A.

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26

Ani, Kelechi Johnmary, and Chigozie Onu. "Effect of monetary policy on economic growth in nigeria in the post structural adjustment programme." Independent Journal of Management & Production 12, no. 8 (2021): 2364–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.14807/ijmp.v12i8.1483.

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The study investigated the effect of monetary policy on economic growth during post structural adjustment programmer in Nigeria. It used the expo-facto design. Secondary data for the period of 1985-2015 were utilized. The data were extracted from the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) Statistical Bulletin and the National Bureau of Statistics (NBS). The linear regression with the application of Ordinary least Squares (OLS) technique was employed to estimate the parameters of the model numerically. Finding revealed that broad money supply had a positive and significant effect on economic growth in N

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Joseph, Onipede Kayode. "Social Welfare Policy: An Assessment of the Structural Adjustment Programme 1987-1993." International Journal of Social Science and Economic Research 09, no. 10 (2024): 4095–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.46609/ijsser.2024.v09i10.006.

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Problem statement: This study examined social welfare policy in Nigeria, with emphasis on the Structural Adjustment Programme (SAP) objectives and its social welfare implications. The study looks at the effects of the Adjustment Programme and juxtaposes it with the social roles, responsibilities and objectives of the government, particularly in the area of providing socioeconomic and welfare needs for the people, to improve life and enhance the status of man and protect his dignity. In addition, responsibility of the government to her citizen is explained as a constitutional principle and obli

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Rico, Paz, Bernardí Cabrer-Borrás, and Francisco Morillas-Jurado. "Seasonality in Tourism: Do Senior Programs Mitigate It?" Mathematics 9, no. 16 (2021): 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/math9162003.

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Seasonality is a widely recognised and accredited phenomenon known to cause an imbalance in tourism activity throughout the year, prompting tourist destinations, both public and private, to consider how best to plan the use of their resources. One way of mitigating the economic imbalances that seasonality can cause is to find strategies for seasonal adjustment, such as travel programmes aimed at the elderly. This paper analyses the seasonality of tourism activity in some EU countries, and in particular in Spain. Different indicators are used to compare the results and carry out a sensitivity a

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Alves, José Ricardo Borges, and Rita Maria Henriques Pereira. "The indebtedness of households up until the economic adjustment programme for Portugal: an empirical assessment." Public Sector Economics 44, no. 4 (2020): 529–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.3326/pse.44.4.5.

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30

Ravenhill, John. "Adjustment with Growth: a Fragile Consensus." Journal of Modern African Studies 26, no. 2 (1988): 179–210. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022278x00010430.

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Six years of intense debate have produced a measure of agreement on a solution for Africa's malaise. This is captured by the latest catchphrase of the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank, ‘Adjustment with Growth’, which implicitly acknowledge past errors by African governments – or, minimally, that a continuation of previous policies is no longer tenable in a changed external environment. An emphasis on ‘growth’ recognises that ‘adjustment’ must encompass more than ‘stabilisation’, that the continent needs additional externally-provided financial resources on concessional terms if i

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Igbedioh, S. O. "Undernutrition in Nigeria: Dimension, Causes and Remedies for Alleviation in a Changing Socio-Economic Environment." Nutrition and Health 9, no. 1 (1993): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/026010609300900101.

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Undernutrition in Nigeria is a long standing problem which has persisted since the 1960s and whose magnitude is on the increase. This is because food consumption, both in quality and quantity, has decreased appreciably, especially with the commencement of the structural adjustment programme (SAP) in 1986. Available studies from limited data have indicated that the introduction of economic reforms more than anything else has contributed to reduced food intake and the near collapse of nutrition oriented health delivery services. Since the economic reforms may continue into the next decade and be

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32

Nwokedi, Emeka. "Le mythe d'un leadership nigérian dans les relations inter-africaines." Études internationales 22, no. 2 (2005): 357–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/702844ar.

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Nigeria's leadership role in inter-African relations remains a myth despite the country's assertiveness in the areas of liberation, conflict mediation and regional economic integration. Rhetoric and posturing in inter-African diplomacy have become a substitute for reality. Furthermore, the weakness of the Nigerian domestic structure and the effects of the structural adjustment programme negate Nigerians capabilities to exert a leadership in inter-African diplomacy.

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33

Gibbon, Peter. "The World Bank and African Poverty, 1973–91." Journal of Modern African Studies 30, no. 2 (1992): 193–220. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022278x00010685.

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Since 1987–8 the World Bank, together with other donors, has been engaged in a programme of activities known as ‘Social Dimensions of Adjustment’ (S.D.A.). This is the latest in a line of ‘pro-poor’ initiatives which the organisation has sponsored over the last two decades. This article analyses the Bank's succession of policies against the background of the changing political and economic world situation, as well as alternative policy agendas.

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Bengali, Kaiser, and Qazi Masood Ahmed. "Stabilisation Policy vs. Growth-oriented Policy: Implication for the Pakistan Economy." Pakistan Development Review 40, no. 4II (2001): 453–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.30541/v40i4iipp.453-466.

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Pakistan has initiated a comprehensive reforms efforts aiming at tracking the economy on a higher and sustainable economic growth, reduce level of poverty, reducing unemployment, raising their level of standard of living. These objective were to be achieved through a programme that would build on the macro-economic stability which encompasses structural reforms, trade liberalisation, privatisation, fiscal reforms and financial sector. This paper makes one of the early attempt to analyse the Pakistan stabilisation experiences. In Pakistan the stabilisation programme was started in 1988-89. In t

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Shahbaz, Muhammad, Naveed Aamir, and Muhammad Sabihuddin Butt. "Rural-Urban Income Inequality under Financial Development and Trade Openness in Pakistan: The Econometric Evidence." Pakistan Development Review 46, no. 4II (2007): 657–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.30541/v46i4iipp.657-672.

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Pakistan is a developing economy, which has adopted Structural Adjustment Programme (SAP) in the form of economic reforms initiated in early 1990s. Economic reforms related to privatisation of state-owned assets, deregulation, confiscation of price controls, trade liberalisation generally and financial reforms (especially to improve quality of financial institutions) particularly. The objective of such reforms was to improve the welfare of society but these reforms never fruited to every livelihood in the country. Perhaps, fruits of economic reforms are eaten up by poor governance, lack of tra

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Anwar, Tilat. "Structural Adjustment and Poverty: The Case of Pakistan." Pakistan Development Review 35, no. 4II (1996): 911–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.30541/v35i4iipp.911-926.

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Despite the external shocks in the 1980s, the economy continued to grow at a respectable rate. However, increasing internal and external imbalances caused an economic crisis in 1988 and lead to an implementation of a medium term structural adjustment programme within the framework of the IMF and the World Bank. Neither theory nor existing evidence gives a conclusive verdict about the effects of adjustment policies on poverty. Hence, the paper examines the actual changes in absolute poverty during the period of adjustment. The actual changes in the distribution have been examined from two compa

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Michinaka, Tetsuya, Ei Hlaing, Thaung Oo, Myat Mon, and Tamotsu Sato. "Forecasting Forest Areas in Myanmar Based on Socioeconomic Factors." Forests 11, no. 1 (2020): 100. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f11010100.

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National circumstances should be considered in establishing and adjusting forest reference emission levels (FRELs/FRLs) under the United Nations Programme on Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation (UN-REDD+ Programme). Myanmar, one of the world’s least developed countries may face accelerating deforestation under an open and democratic political system that desires rapid economic development. This research analyzes the impacts of population growth and economic development on forest areas in Myanmar by using panel data analysis, an econometrics approach based on panel data

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Olowofela, Enitan O., Edward Adedoyin Adebowale, and Ayoola Quadri Adejonwo. "Financial Sector Reforms and Economic Growth: Evidence from Nigeria." Binus Business Review 9, no. 2 (2018): 171–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.21512/bbr.v9i2.4359.

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This research analyzed the impact of financial reforms on economic growth in Nigeria. The scope of this research covered the period between1986– 2016.This period was chosen because liberalization of Nigeria financial sector began in 1986 with the introduction of Structural Adjustment Programme (SAP), which policy thrust included deregulation of interest rates. Secondary data were collected from Central Bank of Nigeria statistical bulletin and National Bureau of Statistics publications. This research used econometrics analysis. Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) technique and Cochrane Orcutt iterativ

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Amjad, Rashid, and A. R. Kemal. "Macroeconomic Policies and their Impact on Poverty Alleviation in Pakistan." Pakistan Development Review 36, no. 1 (1997): 39–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.30541/v36i1pp.39-68.

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The paper provides a consistent time-series of poverty estimates for the period 1963- 64 to 1992-93 for both the rural as well as the urban areas, examines the influence of macroeconomic policies on the poverty levels, analyses the impact of Structural Adjustment Programmes on the levels of poverty, and suggests a strategy for poverty alleviation in Pakistan. The paper explores in particular the influence on poverty of such factors as economic growth, agricultural growth, terms of trade for the agriculture sector, industrial production, rate of inflation, employment, wages, remittances, and th

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40

Carriere, Caroline, Coralie Langevin, Eduoard Kossi Déti, Pascale Barberger-Gateau, Sylvie Maurice, and Hélène Thibault. "Stabilization of overweight prevalence and improvement of dietary habits in French children between 2004 and 2008." Public Health Nutrition 18, no. 10 (2014): 1883–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1368980014002195.

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AbstractObjectiveThe objective of the present study was to describe changes in overweight and obesity prevalence and eating habits among 7·5–10·5-year-old children in Aquitaine (France) between 2004 and 2008, and to assess how the programme ‘Nutrition, Prevention and Health of children and teenagers in Aquitaine’ implemented in 2004 may have impacted these changes.DesignTwo cross-sectional studies were conducted in two samples of children: the ‘before programme’ sample during the school year 2004/2005 and the ‘after programme’ sample during the school year 2008/2009.SettingsData were collected

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Schomann, Carsten, Wolfgang Stapel, Peter Nickel, Jens Eden, and Friedhelm Nachreiner. "BASS 4: a software system for ergonomic design and evaluation of working hours." Revista de Saúde Pública 38, suppl (2004): 56–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0034-89102004000700009.

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OBJECTIVE: To extend an existing computer programme for the evaluation and design of shift schedules (BASS 3) by integrating workload as well as economic aspects. METHODS: The redesigned prototype BASS 4 includes a new module with a suitable and easily applicable screening method (EBA) for the assessment of the intensity of physical, emotional and cognitive workload components and their temporal patterns. Specified criterion functions based on these ratings allow for an adjustment of shift and rest duration according to the intensity of physical and mental workload. Furthermore, with regard to

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42

nwabugo, Nwagbara, eucharia. "The story of structural adjustment programme in nigeria from the perspective of the organized labour." Australian Journal of Business and Management Research 01, no. 07 (2012): 34–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.52283/nswrca.ajbmr.20110107a03.

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The process of achieving the set objectives of structural adjustment programme (SAP) produced adverse social effects that put to question the sincerity of purpose of the SAP policy designers and implementers. To be able to generate conclusions concerning how the politics of enhancing the “well-being” of the people via SAP played out in the Nigerian society, in terms of how well the programme served the intended purpose, questions have to be asked, and responses elicited. Earlier attempts at appraising the SAP were geared toward examining the successes or failures of the adjusting countries in

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Ogebe, F. O., and M. O. Ogah. "A Reappraisal of Impact of Structural Adjustment Programme (SAP) on the Agricultural Sector of Nigeria: A Path-Analysis Approach." VillageMath Educational Review (VER) 1, no. 1 (2020): 26–37. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3884282.

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The oil boom of the 1970s transformed Nigeria from a<strong> </strong>relatively prosperous agrarian<strong> </strong>economy to a major exporter of petroleum products, consequently agricultural development<strong> </strong>was<strong> </strong>almost entirely neglected by<strong> </strong>policy makers. However, the slump in world prices<strong> </strong>of petroleum products in the early 1980s emphasized the need for changes in economic policy in the nation. Thus<strong>, </strong>in 1986 the government introduced an International Monetary Fund (IMF) and World Bank assisted SAP aimed at dive

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Lewis, Peter. "From Prebendalism to Predation: the Political Economy of Decline in Nigeria." Journal of Modern African Studies 34, no. 1 (1996): 79–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022278x0005521x.

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Upon taking power in August 1985, General Ibrahim Babangida promised a decisive course of economic and political change for Nigeria. Alongside a phased transition to democratic rule, the new President outlined far-reaching reforms intended to alleviate major distortions in the economy, to resolve a lingering impasse with external creditors, and to reduce a mounting burden of debt. Within a year, a comprehensive structural adjustment programme (SAP) was launched, incorporating key policies advocated by the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund (IMF), and yielding significant early resu

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Acosta, Raquel Susana, Karina Fernández, and Myriam Fusta. "Evaluación de un programa social estatal con componente alimentario implementado en la ciudad de Córdoba para la tercera edad. 1999." Revista de la Facultad de Ciencias Médicas de Córdoba 57, no. 2 (2002): 199–217. http://dx.doi.org/10.31053/1853.0605.v57.n2.38492.

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Actually the nutrition programmes had become into a fundamental resource for people living in low social conditions, to cover theirfeeding requires. The elderly retired persons with high socio-economic vulnerability are the direct beneficiaries of a social programme that includes a nutritional intervention executed by the PAMI.Objective: Evaluate the ProBienestar programme at Córdoba Capital City during 1999. Material and method: Descriptive and transversal study. Target group: older aged persons from 60 years oid or more (n=330) and assistance units (n =26)Techniques: Survey observation Varia

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Okafor, Victoria, Ebenezer Bowale, Ademola Onabote, Adedeji Afolab, and Jeremiah Ejemeyovwi. "Financial Deepening and Economic Growth in Nigeria: A Johannsen and Error Correction Model Techniques." International Journal of Financial Research 12, no. 2 (2021): 263. http://dx.doi.org/10.5430/ijfr.v12n2p263.

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The desire to ascertain the kind of relationship between finance and growth is not new among scholars. This study attempted to give a better understanding of the type of relationship by analysing post-SAP (Structural Adjustment Programme) time-series data since the notable financial reforms began with SAP in Nigeria. The study employed the Johannsen Cointegration, error correction and granger causality as estimation techniques to determine the nexus between financial deepening and economic growth. The variables contained in the model include the ratio of credit to the private sector to gross d

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Kwakwa, Paul Adjei, Vera Acheampong, and Solomon Aboagye. "Does agricultural development affect environmental quality? The case of carbon dioxide emission in Ghana." Management of Environmental Quality: An International Journal 33, no. 2 (2021): 527–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/meq-09-2021-0222.

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PurposeAgricultural development still constitutes an integral part of Ghana's drive towards job creation, industrial development and economic growth with various growth policies placing the agricultural sector at the core. While there are likely environmental effects of agricultural activities, evidence in Ghana remains scanty. The study focused on examining, empirically, the effects of the development of the agricultural sector on carbon dioxide (CO2) emission in Ghana.Design/methodology/approachThe paper employed the Stochastic impacts by regression on population, affluence and technology (S

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Baillot, Hélène. "A Well-Adjusted Debt: How the International Anti-Debt Movement Failed to Delink Debt Relief and Structural Adjustment." International Review of Social History 66, S29 (2021): 215–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020859021000146.

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AbstractThis article analyses the process by which the issues of debt and structural adjustment were redefined by a plurality of actors, from institutional experts to activists, during the 1980s and 1990s. Although it mainly focuses on the 1990s, when the Jubilee 2000 campaign emerged, blossomed, and died, it takes into account the institutional mobilization preceding it. It then points to the need to think about the dynamics of competition and the division of labour among international players. While the leading Jubilee 2000 coalition in the Global North opposed debt on economic and religious

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Yadav, Dr Swati. "Fiscal Consolidation: The Indian Experience." Indian Journal of Economics and Finance 1, no. 3 (2022): 17–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.54105/ijef.c2517.051322.

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Fiscal consolidation methods have always been under lens since their origin with newer and more stringent way of monitoring them. Still the elected policymakers tend to find a way to manage them so as to not to lose the externality benefits of higher fiscal deficits in term of electoral gains. This paper analyses the fiscal adjustment programme adopted by the central government of India since the inception of FRBM act 2003. A comparison of the consequences of fiscal adjustment on public finance under discretionary phase of economic reforms with the initial rule phase has also been discussed in

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Dr., Swati Yadav. "Fiscal Consolidation: The Indian Experience." Indian Journal of Economics and Finance (IJEF) 2, no. 1 (2022): 17–23. https://doi.org/10.54105/ijef.C2517.051322.

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<strong>Abstract:</strong> Fiscal consolidation methods have always been under lens since their origin with newer and more stringent way of monitoring them. Still the elected policymakers tend to find a way to manage them so as to not to lose the externality benefits of higher fiscal deficits in term of electoral gains. This paper analyses the fiscal adjustment programme adopted by the central government of India since the inception of FRBM act 2003. A comparison of the consequences of fiscal adjustment on public finance under discretionary phase of economic reforms with the initial rule phase

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