Academic literature on the topic 'Economic aspects of African art'
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Journal articles on the topic "Economic aspects of African art"
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Nwanna, Clifford. "Dialectics of African Feminism A Study of the Women's Group in Awka (the Land of Blacksmiths)." Matatu 40, no. 1 (December 1, 2012): 275–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18757421-040001019.
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There appears to be a lack of interest from researchers on African art, on feminist related issues. Their researches are devoted to other aspects of African art. This situation has created a gap in both African art and African gender studies. The present essay interrogates the socio-economic and political position of women in Africa from a feminist theoretical viewpoint. Here, the formation and the activities of the women group in Awka was used as a case study, to foreground the fact that feminism is not alien to Africa; rather it has existed in Africa since the ancient times. The women group stands out as true African patriots and protagonists of the African feminist struggle.
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Adedeji, Femi. "Singing and Suffering in Africa A Study of Selected Relevant Texts of Nigerian Gospel Music." Matatu 40, no. 1 (December 1, 2012): 411–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18757421-040001027.
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A major aspect of African music which has often been underscored in Musicological studies and which undoubtedly is the most important to Africans, is the textual content. Its significance in African musicology is based on the fact that African music itself; whether traditional ethnic, folk, art or contemporary, is text-bound and besides, the issue of meaning 'what is a song saying?' is paramount to Africans, whereas to Westerners the musical elements are more important. This is why the textual content should be given more priority. In terms of the textual content, Nigerian gospel music, an African contemporary musical genre which concerns itself with evangelizing lost souls, is also used as an instrument of socio-political and economic struggle. One of the issues that have been prominent in the song-texts is the suffering of the masses in Africa. This essay aims at taking a closer look at the selected relevant texts in order to interpret them, determine their message, and evaluate their claims and veracity. Using ethnomusicological, theological, and literary-analytical approaches, the essay classifies the texts into categories, finding most of the claims in the texts to be true assessments of the suffering conditions of the Nigerian masses. The essay concludes by stressing the need to pay more attention to the voice of the masses through gospel artists and for people in the humanities to work energetically towards fostering permanent solutions to the problem of suffering in Africa in general.
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Rasmussen, Susan J. "Art as process and product: patronage and the problem of change in Tuareg blacksmith/artisan roles." Africa 65, no. 4 (October 1995): 592–610. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1161134.
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AbstractThis article contributes to recent dialogues in anthropology and African humanities on the problematic translation and application of Western and non-Western aesthetic concepts—for example, ‘authentic’ ‘original’ and ‘touristic’—in the domain of artisan practices. It analyses, compares and contrasts art patronage among the Nigérien Tuareg in rural and urban social settings. The role of Tuareg ‘smiths’, a word variously translated in local conversation and ethnographic literature as ‘artisans’, ‘technicians’ and ‘jewellers’, suggests a need to revise cross-cultural perspectives on the ceremonial, aesthetic and commercial aspects of artisan activity. The article focuses upon changing roles, the materials craftsmen use and the beliefs surrounding blacksmiths. It argues that these complexes of action and belief have a bearing not solely upon art products but also on ritual and socio-economic processes to which producer, patron and audience contribute in different settings and contexts.
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Qumba, Mmiselo Freedom. "Assessing the Legal and Regulatory Framework for Special Economic Zones in South Africa." South African Mercantile Law Journal 34, no. 2 (2022): 229–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.47348/samlj/v34/i2a4.
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The previous industrial development zones (IDZs) programme did not generate the anticipated economic growth in South Africa. Thus, the recent special economic zones (SEZs) programme is aimed at addressing the deficiencies in the disappointing record of the IDZs. So, would the new SEZ programme succeed if the IDZs failed? Since the IDZ is considered to have failed to generate the expected levels of economic growth, it is important assess whether the new SEZ programme will be able to fulfil its intended objectives. Therefore, the purpose of this article is to provide an insightful analysis of the South African SEZ programme from a legal and policy perspective and to proffer some reforms in areas that may be pertinent for the success of the SEZ programme. It traces South Africa’s experience with the IDZs and related industrial policies by assessing how the country has fared so far, looking at its transition from the IDZs to the SEZs and analyses the potential challenges it is likely to face in the future. It adopts a comparative method of analysis by examining key issues confronting SEZs in South Africa, India, and China. In particular, the article compares only the key aspects in the regulatory design of the SEZ as found in the SEZ Act. These aspects include: the governance and ownership structure of the SEZs; the incentives offered to investors; the establishment of one-stop shops and issues of infrastructure development.
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Cant, Michael Colin, Johannes Arnoldus Wiid, and Leanne Manley. "Counterfeit luxury fashion brands: Consumer purchase behaviour." Corporate Ownership and Control 11, no. 3 (2014): 175–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/cocv11i3c1p4.
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The act of counterfeiting products has grown at an extraordinary rate within the last two decades and is largely viewed around the world as a social, political and economic issue. Previous research mostly focused on the supply aspects of the counterfeit industry, with little research focusing on consumer demand for such merchandise and even less attention is given to South African consumers’ demand and behaviour thereof The purpose of this article was therefore to describe South African consumers’ purchase behaviour towards counterfeit luxury fashion branded products. The findings revealed that South African consumers have a relatively low demand and purchase behaviour towards counterfeit luxury fashion branded products and that the trading place is mostly in an informal setting.
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Adepoju, Oluwatoyin Vincent. "Epistemic Roots, Universal Routes and Ontological Roofs of African “Ritual Archives”: Disciplinary Formations in African Thought." Yoruba Studies Review 3, no. 1 (December 21, 2021): 1–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.32473/ysr.v3i1.129934.
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One may compose an essay on another essay, and possibly an even longer one than the essay being studied, long as that one is, when one is confronted with one of those things one has to say something about after encountering them. “Ritual Archives”, the climatic conclusion of the account in The Toyin Falola Reader ( Austin: Pan African University, 2018), of the efforts of Africa and its Americas Diaspora to achieve political, economic, intellectual and cultural individuality, is a deeply intriguing, ideationally, structurally and stylistically powerful and inspiring work, rich with ideas and arresting verbal and visual images. His focus is Africa and its Diaspora, but his thought resonates with implications far beyond Africa, into contexts of struggle for plurality of vision outside and even within the West, the global dominance of whose central theoretical constructs inspires Falola’s essay. “Ritual Archives”, oscillates between the analytical and the poetic, the ruminative and the architectonic, expressive styles pouring out a wealth of ideas, which, even though adequately integrated, are not always adequately elaborated on. This essay responds to the resonance of those ideas, further illuminating their intrinsic semantic values and demonstrating my perception of the intersections of the concerns they express with issues beyond the African referent of “Ritual Archives”. This response is organized in five parts, representing my understanding of the five major thematic strategies through which the central idea is laid out and expanded. 316 Oluwatoyin Vincent Adepoju The first section, “Developing Classical African Expressions as Sources of Locally and Universally Valid Theory” explores Falola’s advocacy for an expanded cultivation of theory from Africa created and Africa inspired expressive forms. “Epistemic and Metaphysical Integrity in Ifá”, the second part, examines his argument for a re-centering of studies in classical African thought within the epistemic and metaphysical frames of those bodies of knowledge, using the Yoruba origin Ifá system of knowledge, spiritual development and divination as an example, an illustration I analyze through my own understanding of the cognitive and metaphysical framework of Ifá. The third unit, “Falola’s Image Theory and Praxis, Image as Archive, Image as Initiator”, demonstrates Falola’s dramatization of the cognitive possibilities of works of art as inspirers of theory, exemplified by a figurine of the Yoruba origin òrìṣà cosmology, the deity Esu. This is the most poetic and one of the most imaginatively, ideationally evocative and yet tantalizingly inadequately elaborated sections of “Ritual Archives”, evoking continuities between Yoruba philosophy, òrìṣà cosmology and various bodies of knowledge across art and image theory and history, without expanding on the ideas or building them into a structure adequately responsive to the promise of the ideas projected, a foundation I contribute to developing by elucidating my understanding of the significance of the ideas and their consonance with related conceptions and issues from Asian, Western and African cultures. I also demonstrate how this section may contribute to clarification of the nature of Yoruba philosophy understood as a body of ideas on the scope of human intelligibility and the relationship between that philosophy and òrìṣà cosmology, an expansive view of the cosmos developed in relation to the philosophy. This is a heuristic rather than an attempt at a definitive distinction and is derived from the relationship between my practical and theoretical investigation of Yoruba epistemology and Falola’s exploration, in “Ritual Archives”, of a particularly strategic aspect of òrìṣà cosmology represented by Esu. The distinction I advance between Yoruba philosophy and òrìṣà cosmology and the effort to map their interrelations is useful in categorizing and critically analyzing various postulates that constitute classical Yoruba thought. This mapping of convergence and divergence contributes to working out the continuum in Yoruba thought between a critical and experiential configuration and a belief system. The fourth section, “The Institutional Imperative”, discusses Falola’s careful working out of the institutional implications of the approach he advocates of developing locally and universally illuminating theory out of endogenous African cultural forms. The fifth part, “Imagistic Resonance”, presents Falola’s effort to make the Toyin Falola Reader into a ritual archive, illustrating his vision for African art as an inspirer of theory, by spacing powerful black and white pictures of forms of this art, mainly sculptural but also forms of Epistemic Roots, Universal Routes and Ontological Roofs 317 clothing, largely Yoruba but also including examples from other African cultures, throughout the book. Except for the set of images in the appendix, these artistic works are not identified, nor does the identification of those in the appendix go beyond naming them, exclusions perhaps motivated by the need to avoid expanding an already unusually big book of about 1,032 pages of central text. I reproduce and identify a number of these artistic forms and briefly elaborate on their aesthetic force and ideational power, clarifying the theoretical formations in which they are embedded and exploring the insights they could contribute to theory beyond their originating cultures. “Ritual Archives” is particularly important for me because it elucidates views strategic to my own cognitive explorations and way of life but which I have not been able to articulate with the ideational comprehensiveness and analytical penetration Falola brings to the subject of developing theory from endogenous African cultural expressions, exemplified by Ifá and art, two of my favorite subjects
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Popescu, Monica. "Cold War Solidarities and Twenty-First-Century Frayed Alliances: Romanian-Ghanaian Vantage Points." Comparative Literature Studies 59, no. 3 (August 1, 2022): 487–505. http://dx.doi.org/10.5325/complitstudies.59.3.0487.
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ABSTRACT During the Cold War, socialist countries in the Eastern Bloc forged fraternal relations with newly independent states on the African continent and other parts of the Third World. These alliances translated into economic exchanges, political and ideological ties, and cultural solidarities. Oftentimes subsumed under the rubric of internationalism, these understudied cultural exchanges reflect both the forward thinking elements of global socialism as well as the paternalist and condescending aspects of relations between the Second and the Third Worlds. In order to analyze the legacies of these solidarities in the twenty-first century, the author looks at the work of Wanlov the Kubolor, which is the stage name of Emmanuel Owusu-Bonsu, a Ghanaian-Romanian musician, poet, film director, and activist. Describing himself as an “African Gypsy” and a peripatetic trickster (a “kubolor”), Wanlov draws on Ghanaian and Romanian artistic traditions to forge a unique perspective on postsocialist societies, from the margins of the capitalist world-system. The work of artists such as Wanlov the Kubolor presents a clear-eyed East/South perspective on global phenomena: consumerism, the quick cooptation and taming of oppositional aesthetics into commercial art, racism, and class distinctions, yet also possible new directions for activism and resistance.
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Tolulope Ijisakin, Eyitayo, Olusegun Jide Ajiboye, Foluso Modupe Abejide, and Idowu Folorunso Adeyanju. "Creativity and Beaded Aesthetics: Thematic Analysis of the Beadworks of David Herbert Dale." Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences 12, no. 6 (November 5, 2021): 85. http://dx.doi.org/10.36941/mjss-2021-0059.
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In traditional Africa, beads function as adornments, as designation of royalty, and in many activities that have to do with commerce, religion, and healing among others. The use of beads has however found it ways into modern artistic expression. Literature abounds on the traditional use of beads, whereas there is a dearth of literature on creative usage of beads in contemporary Nigerian art. This study therefore examines creativity in the beadworks of David Herbert Dale. Data were collected through oral interviews with David Herbert Dale and relevant key informants such as art connoiseurs and gallery owners. This study relies on the theory of aesthetic response and functional theories of art; it also adopts the visual analysis approach to evince the aesthetics and deconstruct the contents of the beadworks. The paper argues that the beadworks of Dale are visual chronicles of historical, religious, economic, and socio-cultural aspects of Nigeria in particular, and Africa as a whole.
Received: 7 September 2021 / Accepted: 24 October 2021 / Published: 5 November 2021
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Ridl, Jeremy, and Ed Couzens. "Misplacing Nema A Consideration of Some Problematic Aspects of South Africa's New EIA Regulations." Potchefstroom Electronic Law Journal/Potchefstroomse Elektroniese Regsblad 13, no. 5 (June 19, 2017): 79. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/1727-3781/2010/v13i5a2711.
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In mid-2006, new Regulations governing environmental impact assessment were published in terms of the National Environmental Management Act 107 of 1998. It is argued in this article that the old Regulations under the Environment Conservation Act 73 of 1989, which were replaced, had proved inadequate not because of any inherent deficiency, but because they were never properly implemented and because they were instead subjected to much inaccurate criticism. The article then canvasses the old Regulations and considers criticisms thereof, before canvassing the new Regulations and assessing differences between the old and the new. Various specific concerns and potential shortcomings are raised and considered; and various interpretations are offered of problematic provisions. A prognosis for the success and/or failure of the new Regulations is then put forward in the context of the South African government's present approach to economic growth, environmental protection and the enforcement of environmental legislation. Finally, it is argued that there are danger signs that the new Regulations will be as misunderstood and misapplied as were the old Regulations and that the fundamental principles of the National Environmental Management Act are likely not to be adhered to in the implementation of the new Regulations.
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Nkosingiphile, Mkhize. "Implementing Lifestyle Audits in Local Government to Bolster the Anti-Corruption Project in South Africa." African Journal of Development Studies (formerly AFFRIKA Journal of Politics, Economics and Society) 13, no. 1 (January 15, 2023): 201–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.31920/2634-3649/2022/v12n4a10.
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Municipalities play a significant role in the political, social, and economic aspects of society. Consequently,, understanding municipal corruption is critical to comprehending the nature of social disorganisation in society and the state. This study aims to investigate the key structural and policy requirements for implementing lifestyle audits as an anticorruption framework in South African local government.. The article employs a qualitative research approach, which includes the use of secondary data. This article found that adopting lifestyle audits as an anti-corruption tool requires several policies and legislations that are pertinent for the South African local government level. These include the Public Service Act of 1994 (Act 103 of 1994), the Code of Conduct for the Public Service. Therefore, it is necessary to implement interventions that expose and root out these corrupt public officials before they empty the treasury by plundering and bankrupting the municipalities. For this reason, this article proposes the implementation of lifestyle audits as a proactive anti-fraud and anti-corruption mechanism for municipalities to preserve their money, finances, and resources.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Economic aspects of African art"
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Kambadza, Tinashe Harry Dumile. "How integrated are the African stock exchanges?: evidence from long term comovement, returns and volatility spillovers." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002752.
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Stock market linkages have implications for portfolio diversification, asset pricing, monetary and regulatory policy as well as financial stability. This study examines the extent to which African stock markets are linked using daily data for the period 2000-2010. The study is divided into three main parts each focussing on the ways in which integration of the stock markets can be viewed. Firstly, we analyse the long run co-movement of the stock markets using both bivariate and multivariate Johansen (1988) and Johansen and Juselius (1990) cointegration approaches. Secondly, we analyse returns linkages using Factor analysis and the Vector Autoregressive (VAR) models. In the Factor Analysis model, we used two extraction methods, namely Principal Component Analysis and the Maximurn Likelihood technique. The VAR model was extended with impulse response, variance decomposition and block exogeniety. Thirdly, we analyse the behaviour of volatility and the volatility linkages among the stock markets. We initially analysed and modelled volatility in each stock market using the GARCH, EGARCH and GJR GARCH and then examined the long-term trend of the volatility. Conditional volatility series for each country were then estimated using the most appropriate model and were analysed using VAR, block exogeniety, impulse response and variance decomposition to determine the extent of their linkages. The findings of the study are as follows: Both the bivariate and multivariate models found slim evidence of cointegration amongst the stock markets, suggesting that there were opportunities for portfolio diversification for investors. In general, the financial crisis had very little impact on the long-run relationships of the stock markets. Results for the returns linkages showed that there were limited retums linkages with the exceptions of South African-Namibia and Egypt-Morocco to a lesser extent. South Africa was found to be the most endogenous, whilst Ghana and Nigeria were the most exogenous on the continent. We regards to volatility, we found that it was asymmetric and persistent across all the stock markets with long term trend of volatility showing that it significantly increased for most of the markets. Finally, there were limited volatility linkages, only between South Africa, Egypt and Namibia, implying that African stock markets are still largely segmented from each other. However, the linkages between South Africa and Egypt could have negative effects as they could lead to the spread of contagion effects during times of crises. Therefore, policymakers should consider revising and improving policies to enhance economic integration on the continent.
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Snowball, Jen. "Towards more accurate measurement of the value of the arts to society: economic impact and willingness to pay studies at the Standard Bank National Arts Festival." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002672.
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The accurate measurement of the value of the arts to society is becoming increasingly important in developing countries, like South Africa, where the arts must compete with housing, health, education and the like for public funds. Motivation for the public funding of arts events, like the Standard Bank National Arts Festival in Grahamstown, is usually based on the economic impact, that is, the financial benefits to the region, of such events. The argument is problematic, however, because the primary recipients of such economic benefits are often middle to upper income groups who also attend more arts performances. Furthermore, the studies have not taken into account the positive externalities which, it is argued, are generated by the arts and are enjoyed by attenders and non attenders alike. This thesis argues that it is the social benefits which the arts provide, those external to the market, which should be the basis of public funding. In order to quantify these positive externalities, a willingness to pay (WTP) study was conducted in the Grahamstown region. It is generally, but erroneously, believed that the Festival does not benefit the poorer, largely black, Grahamstown East residents. The study found that, in addition to the economic value (R23 - 25 million a year), the non-market benefits which the festival provides are worth between R2.3 and R3 million a year and form a very important part of its value, particularly to low income groups. The study also found that there are methodological adjustments which can be made to WTP studies to successfully control for the many forms of bias it is prone to. By using a combination of closed and open ended and liable and non-liable questions, the motivation of respondents' answers to WTP questions was determined, making it possible to adjust for bias caused by, for example, "free rider" and "warm glow" responses. It is argued that by identifying and excluding such responses from WTP surveys, it is possible to reduce bias to an acceptable level.
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Makhado, Zwoitwa. "Crafting a livelihood: local-level trade in mats and baskets in Pondoland, South Africa." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2004. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&.
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This study explored the dynamics of local-level trade in plant-based mats and baskets in Khanyayo village, Eastern Cape. These dynamics include social aspects of harvesting, resource tenure and trade. It also includes institutional issues such as legislation that enhances or restricts the degree to which local people could benefit from the trade or direct use. The study also explored the contribution of the trading in mats and baskets to the livelihoods of the Khanyayo people.
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Sugee, Nadia. "Increasing South Africa's contribution to global trade in craft." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/6171.
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Thesis (MBA (Business Management))--Stellenbosch University, 2008.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This study proposes to deal with the challenge of getting craft products efficiently and sustainably to the market.The objective of the study is to suggest an integrated framework for interventions led by the state to ensure that the right products reach the right markets at the right price at the right time, thus ensuring that South Africa's contribution to global trade is increased. The South African Government has recognized the importance of the craft sector from the onset of democracy and has developed a number of policies to ensure its growth and development. These policies range from the economic to cultural to social dimensions. The thesis has largely focused on the economic aspects of these policies. Key amongst these is the Customised Sector Programme (CSP) for Craft, developed by the DTI since it focuses on strategies aimed at commercialising the sector. According to the CSP, South Africa's comparative global advantage and strategic positioning lies with its very strong design and innovation skill; its strong global reputation; combined with a relatively sophisticated communication and IT industry and well established infrastructure and logistics environment. However, SA contributes just less than 1 % of global trade in craft because of a number substantive issues constraining it. These include amongst others: • a weak skills base on the manufacturing enterprise side • high and uncompetitive product prices • poor ability to capitalise on market opportunity • lack of research and development • lack of reliable national sector profile data and up-to-date market intelligence. There are many government departments and entities that currently support the craft sector. They have different objectives and approaches ranging from enterprise support and economic development to social, welfare and cultural support. These objectives and approaches have been translated into a number of programmes. These programmes essentially function as separate units and do not necessarily tie up in creating a continuum of support to ensure the development of globally competitive craft enterprises. The Cape Craft and Design Institute, established as a craft development agency, is the exception. Two case studies were undertaken to demonstrate the fact that the South African craft sector is complex, uncompetitive and unable to capitalize on market opportunities. The products are commercial, while the systems supporting them are not. These systems include internal business systems, infrastructure and logistics, language and communication, business development support etc. The case studies highlighted how these factors undermine the sector's ability to contribute to global trade. This is compounded by the fact that the vast majority of enterprises are rural in origin and the support systems do not adopt a Bottom of the Pyramid approach to development. The thesis makes a case for the integration of support and alignment of objectives of stakeholders involved in the sector. This integration is crucial to the South African craft sector's success in the global arena and is envisaged as follows: • The creation of a craft industry cluster to include both government and private sector stakeholders. • The nucleus of this cluster should be a craft development agency. • This agency should drive an economic agenda, but should adopt a holistic approach to development - the triple bottom line approach with a market driven agenda.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die doel van hierdie verhandeling is om inligting te verskaf ter ondersteuning van 'n geintegreerde mikro-ekonomiese intervensie van die Departement van Handel en Nywerheid (DHN) wat sal bydra tot die ontwikkeling van 'n globale handwerkbedryf en 'n verhoogde bydrae tot wereldwye handel in handwerk. Die Suid-Afrikaanse regering het die belangrikheid van die handwerksektor reeds sedert die aanvang van demokrasie in Suid-Afrika erken en het 'n aantal beleide ontwikkel om groei en ontwikkeling van hierdie sektor te verseker. Hierdie beleide strek oor die ekonomiese, kulturele en sosiale spektrum. Die verhandeling fokus hoofsaaklik op die ekonomiese aspekte van hierdie beleide. Die belangrikste daarvan is die Doelvervaardigde Sektor Program (DSP) vir Handwerk, wat deur die DHN ontwikkel is, omdat dit gemik is op die kommersialisering van die sektor. Volgens die DSP is die vergelykbare globale voordeel en strategiese posisionering van Suid-Afrika gelee in sy sterk ontwerp en innoverende vaardigheid; sy goeie wereldwye reputasie; saam met 'n relatiewe gesofistikeerde kommunikasie en IT - industrie en goed gevestigde infrastruktuur en logistieke vermoe. Nietemin lewer Suid-Afrika net minder as 1 % van die wereld se handel in handwerk. Dit kan toegeskryf word aan 'n aantal beperkende faktore, waaronder die volgende genoem kan word nl.: • 'n swak vlak van vaardighede van vervaardigingsondernemings; • hoe en swak kompeterende produkpryse; • onvermoe om op markgeleenthede te reageer; • gebrek aan navorsing en ontwikkeling; en • 'n gebrek aan 'n betroubare data-profiel van die nasionale sektor en markinformasie, wat op datum is. Daar is baie regeringsdepartemente en entiteite wat tans die handwerksektor ondersteun. Laasgenoemde het verskillende doelwitte en benaderings wat strek van ondememingsondersteuning en ekonomiese ontwikkeling tot sosiale welsyn en kulturele ondersteuning. Hierdie doelwitte en benaderings het ontwikkel tot 'n aantal programme. Hierdie programme funksioneer essensieel as aparte eenhede en sluit nie noodwendig bymekaar aan om kontinuum-ondersteuning te bied wat ontwikkeling van globale handwerkondernemings verseker nie. Die Kaapse Handwerk- en Ontwerpinstituut wat as 'n handwerkontwikkelingsagentskap gevestig is, is 'n uitsondering. Twee gevallestudies is ondemeem om die feit te illustreer dat die Suid-Afrikaanse handwerksektor ingewikkeld en nie mededingend is en nie die vermoe het om op markgeleenthede te kapitaliseer nie. Die produkte is kommersieel lewensvatbaar, maar die ondersteuningsstelsels is nie. Hierdie stelsels sluit in interne sake-stelsels, infrastruktuur en logistiek, taal en kommunikasie, en sakeontwikkellingsondersteuning. Die gevallestudies werp lig op hierdie faktore, en hoe dit die sektor se vermoe om globaal mee te ding ondermyn. Dit word vererger deur die feit dat die groot meerderheid van die ondernemings landelik van aard is en dat ondersteuningsstelsels nie besigheid doen aan die onderkant van die inkome-piramiede - van onder tot bo - nie. Die verhandeling maak 'n saak uit vir die integrasie van ondersteuning en doelwitgerigtheid van alle spelers wat betrokke is by hierdie sektor. Hierdie integrasie is van die uiterste belang vir die Suid-Afrikaanse handwerksektor se sukses op die wereldarena en word as volg gevisualiseer: • Die vestiging van 'n handwerkindustriegroep wat beide regerings- en privaatsektorspelers insluit. • Die kern van hierdie groep moet 'n handwerkontwikkelingsagentskap wees. • Die agentskap moet 'n ekonomiese agenda navolg met 'n holistiese benadering tot ontwikkeling, - die drievoudige-onderstelyn benadering met 'n markgedrewe agenda.
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Seutloadi, Kedibone Dominica. "An evaluation of the transformation process in the performing arts councils in South Africa." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/49746.
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Thesis (MPhil)--Stellenbosch University, 2003.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The Performing Arts Councils (PACs) have been the primary recipients of national public funding for the performing arts, accounting for nearly half of the arts and culture budget of the Department of Arts, Culture, Science and Technology (DACST). They had to be restructured in order to free public resources for allocation to other disciplines and areas in need of redress. The four PACs addressed in this study are The Playhouse Company (Durban), Artscape (Cape Town), PACOFS (Bloemfontein), and the Spoornet State Theatre (Pretoria). The purpose of the study was to determine whether or not the PACs had achieved the transformation goals as defined by DACST. The research was approached from a qualitative perspective to ensure that as much nuanced information as possible was collected within a limited timeframe and financial constraints. Where necessary, as in analysis of staff and expenditure, quantitative analyses were undertaken. The study found that the process of converting PACs to playhouses had been inconsistently implemented, although some of the PACs had come a long way in transforming themselves. Funding was obtained from government subsidies, NAC funding for specific projects, sponsorships, and other minor sources of income such as box office sales. Traditional forms of the performing arts, specifically opera and ballet, still accounted for a large portion of the total expenditure. PACs have had considerable difficulty in obtaining provincial and local government support, or adequate business sector support to make them viable as stand-alone entities. None of the PACs has been able to secure sustainable funding on a reliable basis to meet their requirements. DACST regards the implementation of a Community Arts Development (CAD) component and the establishment of the NAC as essential for an equitable arts dispensation in the country. CAD is meant to provide education and empowerment of people from previously disadvantaged communities, access to PAC venues and NAC funding, and awareness and outreach programmes. The CAD component varies substantially from PAC to PAC. The White Paper on Arts, Culture and Heritage recognises that the future of arts and cultural expression lies in the development of new audiences and markets. Audience development and facilitating access to venues has been left to the PACs, with little effect in some cases. The transformation of the staff profile of PACs to reflect the demographics of their provinces has been achieved. As the resultsof the study show each PAC took it upon itself to transform itself in its own way. As a result, transformation by the various PACs was found not always to be in line with the imperatives contained in the White Paper on Arts, Culture and Heritage (DACST, 1996).
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die Rade vir Uitvoerende Kunste (RUK) was tot op hede die vernaamste ontvangers van nasionale staatsbefondsing vir die uitvoerende kunste, en het bykans vyftig persent van die Departement van Kuns, Kultuur, Wetenskap en Tegnologie (DKKWT) se begroting vir kuns en kultuur verteenwoordig. Hierdie Rade moes herstruktureer word sodat staatshulpbronne wat vir ander dissiplines en gebiede wat regstelling nodig gehad het, aangewend kon word. In hierdie studie is die vier Rade vir Uitvoerende Kunste "The Playhouse" (Durban), "Artseape" (Kaapstad), RUKOVS (Bloemfontein) en die Spoornet-staatsteater (Pretoria) bestudeer. Die doel van die studie was om te bepaal of die Rade vir Uitvoerende Kunste 'n transformasie, soos gedefinieer deur die DKKWT, ondergaan het. Die navorsing is vanuit 'n kwalitatiewe perspektief benader om te verseker dat so veel moontlik genuanseerde inligting binne 'n beperkte tydsbestek en te midde van finansiele beperkinge ingesamel is. Waar nodig, soos in die analise van personeel en uitgawes, is 'n kwantitatiewe benadering gevolg. Daar is bevind dat daar deurgaans uitvoering gegee is aan die omskepping van die Uitvoerende Kunsterade in skouburgteaters, hoewel sommige Rade reeds 'n ver pad met betrekking tot selftransformasie geloop het. Befondsing was afkomstig van staatsubsidies, NUK-befondsing vir spesifieke projekte, borge en ander minder beduidende bronne, byvoorbeeld inkomste uit kaartjieverkope. Tradisionele vorms van die uitvoerende kunste, veralopera en ballet, het steeds 'n beduidende deel van totale uitgawes uitgemaak, en Rade vir Uitvoerende Kunste het groot probleme ondervind om genoegsame steun van provinsiale regerings, plaaslike owerhede en die besigheidsektor te werf om hulle in staat te stelom as lewensvatbare en onafhanklike entiteite te funksioneer. Nie een van die Rade vir Uitvoerende Kunste kon daarin slaag om befondsing van 'n standhoudende aard te bekom waarop hulle kon reken om aan hul vereistes te voldoen nie. Die DKKWT beskou die implementering van 'n Gemeenskapskunsontwikkelingkomponent (GKO) en die stigting van die NUK as onontbeerlik vir 'n regverdige kunste-bedeling in die land. GKO beoog om voorsiening te maak vir die opvoeding en bemagtiging van mense III die voorheen agtergeblewe gemeenskappe, toegang tot plekke waar GKO-optredes gehou word, NUKbefondsing, asook bewustheids- en uitreikprogramme. Die GKO-komponent wissel aansienlik van RUK tot RUK. Die Witskrif oor Kuns, Kultuur en Erfenis erken dat die toekoms van kuns- en kulturele uitdrukking in die ontwikkeling van nuwe gehore en markte opgesluit lê. Die ontwikkeling van gehore en makliker toegang tot plekke waar optredes aangebied word is in die hande van Kunsterade gelaat; in sommige gevalle met weinig effek. Die transformasie van die Rade vir Uitvoerende Kunste se personeelprofiel ten einde die demografiese werklikheid van elke provinsie te weerspieel was suksesvol. Soos duidelik uit die studie blyk, het elke Raad vir Uitvoerende Kunste onderneem om die transformasie op sy eie manier te implementeer. Die gevolg is dat die transformasie in die verskillende Rade vir Uitvoerende Kunste nie altyd tred hou met die bindende opdragte wat in die Witskrif oor Kuns, Kultuur en Erfenis (DKKWT, 1996) vervat is nie.
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Mtati, Nokuzola Julia. "The impact of crime on the South African economic growth." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1018644.
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Crime in South Africa has been escalating over the past few years. Crime affects all societies in South Africa. It occurs amongst the rich and the poor, in the suburbs as well as in the townships. Serious and violent crimes are reported in most of the national newspapers almost on daily basis. There is no single satisfactory answer as to the causes of crimes and its impact on the economy of South Africa. The aim of this research report is to assess the impact of crime in the South African economy. In order to formulate a conceptual and theoretical framework of the study, growth theories, namely neoclassical growth theory, Harrod-Domar growth model classical growth theory and endogenous growth theory were presented. Although all these growth theories relate to this study as crime cuts-across all sectors of the economy the endogenous growth theory was chosen as a theoretical framework on which to base this study. Endogenous growth theory deals with domestic absorption. Crime interferes with this absorption as it constitutes a cost to the economy. Firms lose profits whilst the opportunity cost of running prisons using a tax payers’ money continues to grow. This study is based on a quantitative research technique, using a vector error correction model (VECM) on a quarterly time series data over a period 2003 to 2011. The variables used to explain variations in economic growth over this period are crime, real interest rates, real exchange rates, unemployment and poverty. The findings of this study suggest that crime exerts a negative impact on economic growth in a long run in South Africa. However, this relationship is not statistically significant both in a short run and a long run. . However, no evidence of short run adjustments between crime and economic growth were found. There is a long run negative relationship between real interest rates and economic growth. This relationship is also statistically significant in a long run but not in a short run. However, the relationship between real interest rates and economic growth is positive in a short run. This can be explained by the fact that high interest rates attract foreign investments causing a rise in economic growth but in a long run high interest rates dampen domestic investments thereby aggravating the unemployment problem. Rising unemployment is likely to lead to increase levels of crime in South Africa. The results also show that unemployment has a negative relationship with economic growth both in the short run and a long run. However this relationship is not statistically significant in a short run but in a long run. Poverty has a negative relationship with economic growth in a short run but a positive relationship in a long run. However, in both instances the relationship between poverty and economic growth is not statistically significant. Real exchange rate has a positive relationship with economic growth in a long run but a negative relationship in a short run. This relationship is statistically significant in a long run but not in a short run. This means that the benefits of a weak currency in South Africa are realised in a long run. The implications of this study with regard to the variable of interest namely crime, is that crime constitutes a cost to the economy of South Africa. The econometric modelling used in this study suggests a negative relationship between crime and economic growth. This means that the problem of crime in South Africa goes beyond just simple counts on a number of offenses. Based on the findings of this study it is recommended that crime prevention is better than cure. Crime prevention should use a wide range of ideas and abilities found throughout the society. Community planning, neighbourhood action, juvenile advocacy, security planning, education and training are some of the ways in which crime actions can be mitigated in South Africa.
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Page, Andre Paul. "The barriers and opportunities of resource efficiency and cleaner production within a South African context." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/2800.
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Thesis (MTech (Business Administration))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2017.This research study investigates how environmental tools such as Resource Efficiency and Cleaner Production (RECP) can contribute to sustaining and supporting economic growth in South Africa. Resource optimisation is crucial when considering the concept of sustainable development. It also contributes to addressing the challenges of global warming and climate change, which in turn threaten industrial growth and sustainability in the long term. The study places emphasis on the barriers that prevent industry from implementing RECP recommendations, and identifies opportunities that could potentially reposition businesses should they consider implementation. It also promotes other sustainability tools that are available through collaboration with international entities, and this could be of great benefit to the South African industry. Factors of unemployment and urbanisation restricts national growth to some degree, hence the study explores how RECP can contribute to job retention by introducing new resource optimisation methodologies for the manufacturing sector, Moreover, it examines the imbalance between the demand as well as limitations of these resources. Through the compilation of data collated from questionnaires completed by industry, government and civil society participants, this study looks at achieving a balance between environmental sustainability and growth. It also looks at aligning this balance with the integration of specific economic and environmental policies, which also includes social aspects. What comes through significantly in this research is the lack of awareness within industry in terms of RECP, as well as the importance of prioritising the uptake of environmental initiatives to ensure that industry is compliant with the stringent policies and legislation designed by government to drive the sustainability process. Consequently the study shows that communication between public and private sector, as well as the awareness raising and marketing of sustainability to consumers need to be improved. An analysis of the various government support mechanisms is conducted, in respect of how industry could potentially leverage growth and drive positive change within their businesses. In addition to RECP, emphasis is placed on other Sustainable Consumption and Production (SCP) initiatives and tools that could possibly entrench sustainable practices and help with their incorporation into their business strategies.
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Hepburn, Bruce. "An integrated economic developmental appraisal of the South African mariculture industry." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002674.
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Current coastal legislative and institutional reformulation has effectively established new principles for the promotion of sustainable, co-ordinated integrated coastal development to be achieved through facilitatory, co-operative management mechanisms. In accordance, collaborative expansion and diversification of mariculture has been identified as a strategic mechanism for realising sustainable coastal development. Present limited foundational understanding regarding the emergent commercial contingent’s economic-institutional structure has constrained the effectiveness of current centralised broad objective formulation based planning techniques. By drawing upon findings of the 2001 National Mariculture Baseline survey, key economic development and institutional components requiring dedicated attention for further realising industry’s inherent growth potential to supply domestic and growing global aquaculture markets are examined in an inductive explorative framework. Attention is also directed towards promoting realisation of collaborative mariculture development initiatives to redress dualistic development disparities in previously marginalised coastal localities. Finally, synthesis between traditional bureaucratic centralised co-ordinated planning and regionalised decentralised implementation orientated capacity building frameworks displaying a greater relevant stakeholder participatory ethos are examined.
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Goetz, Marieta. "Mobile business models in African rural communities." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/2581.
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Thesis (MPhil (Information Science))--University of Stellenbosch, 2009.Mobile telephone subscription in developing countries has increased by more than 500 percent since 2005, with Africa experiencing the highest growth rate globally. Amongst Africa’s 306.5 million subscribers, recorded in 2008, an unexpectedly high adoption rate of the technology by poor, often illiterate rural communities is observed. Mobile telephony generally provides African rural users access to electronic communication for the first time. Providing access to communication, information and knowledge, mobile phones present a platform for economic and social interaction in rural Africa. The extent of the resulting positive socio-economic impact on the developing world has lead to mobile telephony increasingly being viewed as a potential development tool for the socio-economic upliftment of the rural poor. This thesis is inspired by the potential for value creation to end users of mobile telephony, leading to the proposition that the rapid expansion of mobile telephony in rural Africa can contribute significantly to the sustainability of these communities’ rural livelihoods. For this proposition to be valid, mobile telephony has to provide value beyond being communication tool. It has to provide value in income generating activities by increasing opportunities for access to financial and social capital with mobile business models appropriate to the rural African context. To assess the appropriateness of mobile value offerings, the rural African context was analyzed using the Sustainable Livelihoods Framework. Through multi-level analysis, the challenges and issues that influence the lives of the rural poor were explored and the dominant livelihood strategies in terms of income generating activities were identified. Apart from agricultural income streams, waged labor, migration and micro-entrepreneurial activities provide non-agricultural income streams. Creating an appropriate mobile business ecosystem for rural Africa requires the collaboration of a complex network of actors within a value constellation to co-produce value for the end users. Three conditional factors were identified for mobile telephony and emerging mobile business models to contribute successfully to sustainable livelihoods: adaptation of the technology by providers, user appropriation to make the technology their own and the assimilation of it into their livelihood strategies. These factors were researched for validation through the study of existing literature and reported case studies. It was found that these three conditional factors were unequivocally met. Firstly, the mobile telecommunication industry active in Africa is seen to successfully adapt and innovate solutions that are relevant to African rural communities’ vulnerabilities and livelihood strategies. Secondly, African mobile phone users have successfully adopted and appropriated mobile telephony to create value for themselves in their livelihood strategies, often independent of external interventions. They are claiming ownership of the technology and not merely using it as a communication tool. Thirdly, by assimilating mobile telephony into their livelihood strategies, value-creation within their income generating activities have been made possible. This value creation is impacting users’ social and financial capital positively. This thesis concludes that mobile telephony and emerging mobile business models are contributing to increasing African rural dwellers’ income generating potential, reducing their vulnerability to shocks, and providing them with a voice; thereby contributing to sustainable rural livelihoods.
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Wanjuu, Lazarus Zungwe. "The impact of government expenditure on economic growth of the economic community of West African states (ECOWAS)." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/13261.
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Available statistics on growth trends in the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) are wanting, particularly net per capita growth rates. The analysis of available data from 1970 to 2012 by this study, for instance, shows that the net real GDP growth rate for the ECOWAS is 0.52%. Only four countries had net growth rates above 1% per annum mean growth rate of ECOWAS region. At the estimated growth rate, the prospect of accelerated growth in ECOWAS is very weak. The Barro endogenous growth model states that government provision of services can generate externalities to the private productive activities. Government’s provision of productive services in ECOWAS can ensure long-run per capita output growth without the per capita growth rate running into steady state growth. However, there are divergent views as to whether government provision of services induces long run economic growth. These views are based on different schools of thought. For instance, the economic freedom school argues for minimum government involvement (small governments) to ensure economic and political freedom to induce private investors invest and encourage economic growth. The optimal government school of thought (medium size governments) argues that government spending enhances private productivity growth through the provision of infrastructure, spending on research and development, public education, sewage, other public goods and protection through functional law and order systems. The optimal school of thought also acknowledges that government expenditure can also reduce economic growth through increases in taxation. An increase in taxation reduces the returns on investment of physical and human capital and in research and development (R&D) of private firms. This thesis investigates the impact of government expenditure on the provision of public services on economic growth in ECOWAS. To assess the impact of government expenditure on the provision of services on economic growth of ECOWAS, this thesis assesses whether the size of government, government expenditure and economic institutions promoted economic growth in ECOWAS. The thesis also determines whether per capita government capital expenditure, per capita government consumption expenditure, per capita private capital stock, per capita manufacturing output, per capita services output and per capita agricultural output have any impact on per capita real GDP growth in ECOWAS. To carry out this study, data were collected from United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) database and Transparency International (TI) database. The data used covered the period of 1970 – 2013. The statistical research methods applied are the time-series methods of panel unit root test, panel co-integration test, and panel regression analysis, using both panel OLS regression models and estimation and inferences in co-integrated panel data regression methods. The panel OLS regression models applied are the panel OLS regression; panel fixed effect model (FEM) regression and the panel random effect model (REM) regression. The estimation and inferences in co-integrated panel data regression models applied are panel VEC regression model, panel DOLS regression and panel FMOLS regression. The panel DOLS regression and panel FMOLS regression models do not have an intercept, unlike their pure time-series models, which have intercepted. To ensure that the parameters estimated are reliable, this thesis conducted diagnostic tests to subject the regression result to scrutiny. The estimated panel data regression using panel OLS regression, panel FEM regression and panel REM regression indicate that the results of the estimated parameters were spurious having both autocorrelations and heteroscedasticity. High values of adjusted R-squares that were approaching one and high significant values of t statistics but very low values of Durbin-Watson Statistics demonstrated the existence of heteroscedasticity and autocorrelation in residuals. The results of the diagnostic tests also show that the DOLS estimated regression model out-performed both VEC and FMOLS regression models based on both aggregate data and per capita data estimated parameters. The results of the parameter estimated using panel VEC and panel FMOLS regression models showed that both panel VEC and panel FMOLS regression models had the problems of their residuals having not only autocorrelations but heteroscedasticity. The panel DOLS regression results were satisfactory, having no multicollinearity, autocorrelations and heteroscedasticity. The estimated panel DOLS regression results were applied to test hypotheses formulated to guide this thesis. Results from panel DOLS estimated parameters show that the existing government size in ECOWAS stimulated economic growth. The results also showed that the government expenditure exhibited an inverted U-shape with respect to economic growth. The thesis also showed that existing government size in ECOWAS significantly stimulated economic growth in the region. The results of regression indicate that economic institutions contribute negatively to the economic growth of the ECOWAS. The results also established that government capital expenditure per capita has significantly engendered economic growth. Government consumption expenditure per capita stimulated economic growth. However, private capital stock per capita has not stimulated economic growth in ECOWAS. Service sector output per capita, agricultural output per capita and manufacturing output per capita stimulated significantly economic growth in the ECOWAS sub-region.
Books on the topic "Economic aspects of African art"
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Cutler, David M. Are ghettos good or bad? Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, 1995.
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United States. Congress. Joint Economic Committee. Increasing economic opportunity for African Americans: Local initiatives that are making a difference : hearing before the Joint Economic Committee, Congress of the United States, One Hundred Thirteenth Congress, second session, July 29, 2014. Washington: U.S. Government Printing Office, 2014.
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Sansone, Livio. From Africa to Afro: Use and abuse of Africa in Brazil. Amsterdam, The Netherlands: SEPHIS, 1999.
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Smith College. Museum of Art., ed. African beaded art: Power and adornment. Northampton, Mass: Smith College Museum of Art, 2008.
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Zander, Ivo, and Mikael Scherdin. Art entrepreneurship. Cheltenham, UK: Edward Elgar, 2011.
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African vodun: Art, psychology, and power. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1995.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Economic aspects of African art"
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Rasterhoff, Claartje. "Economic Aspects of Dutch Art." In The Ashgate Research Companion to Dutch Art of the Seventeenth Century, 355–71. Burlington, VT: Ashgate, 2016.: Routledge, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315087146-17.
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Chamberlin, Jordan, and James Sumberg. "Are young people transforming the rural economy?" In Youth and the rural economy in Africa: hard work and hazard, 92–124. Wallingford: CABI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789245011.0006.
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Abstract This chapter uses household survey data to address three questions: How might we think about the notion that the youth bring something new to farming? What aspects of young people's farming are visible with existing empirical windows? Do the young in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) farm differently? The analysis provides some support for many of the stylized assertions about the youth in African agriculture. Young households are associated with marginally higher propensities for engaging with intensification practices and commercial orientations. However, the very limited magnitude of these age effects suggests much caution should be exercised in making the argument that young people's inherent vim and vigour are important and underutilized assets for agricultural growth and transformation in SSA.
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Mureithi, Joseph, Saidi Mkomwa, Amir Kassam, and Ngari Macharia. "Research and technology development needs for scaling up conservation agriculture systems, practices and innovations in Africa." In Conservation agriculture in Africa: climate smart agricultural development, 176–88. Wallingford: CABI, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789245745.0009.
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Abstract Although the net agricultural production across all regions of Africa has experienced a significant increase, African agriculture has performed below its potential over recent decades. Many aspects have been fronted to curb this situation, including sustainable intensification of farming systems and value-chain transformation through Conservation Agriculture (CA) across Africa. Based on the latest update, Africa has about 2.7 million ha under CA, an increase of 458% over the past 10 years with 2008/09 as baseline. However, this constitutes a mere 1.5% of the global area under CA, and less than 1.4% of the total cropland area in Africa. A combination of modern techniques and the optimization of agroecological processes in CA systems and practices requires that agricultural research plays a bigger role in its evolution and focus in the different regions of Africa. This targeted research should crucially contribute towards making agriculture in Africa more productive, competitive, sustainable and inclusive in terms of its functionality towards the farmer, society and nature. Scientific solutions for agricultural transformation need to be pursued without losing sight of the potentials and fragility of Africa's agricultural environments, the complexity of its agricultural production systems and the continent's rich biodiversity. The agricultural research and development agenda in Africa must build on the rich traditional farming culture, knowledge and practices, supported by coherent longer-vision for investments in science for agricultural development. Most of these investments are expected to come from national public and private sources, with governments also expected to invest in generation of 'public goods' such as the national or global environmental benefits typical of CA, and to also catalyse innovation and support market growth. The absolute imperative is that farmers must shift from outdated conventional tillage-based methods to modern, well-tested and knowledge-based methods of land use. Making this transition will be difficult without the creation of an enabling environment. This chapter discusses the various roles and advances required in CA-based research that will support the adoption of CA systems by millions of smallholder farmers in Africa with a view to enhancing sustainable and effective agricultural development and economic growth.
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Møller, Bjørn. "The Greater Horn of Africa: Geopolitical Aspects of the “Refugee Crisis”." In Advances in African Economic, Social and Political Development, 33–62. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-03721-5_3.
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Nabaggala, Justine. "Art as a Social Process and Form of Democratic Practices in Uganda." In Advances in African Economic, Social and Political Development, 197–212. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-11248-5_13.
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Dokken, Karin. "Why What They Say Is Not What They Do: Economic Aspects of War and the Privatization of Security in Africa." In African Security Politics Redefined, 169–94. New York: Palgrave Macmillan US, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230612495_7.
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Nhemachena, Charles, Greenwell Matchaya, Sibusiso Nhlengethwa, and Charity R. Nhemachena. "Economic Aspects of Genetic Resources in Addressing Agricultural Productivity in the Context of Climate Change." In Climate Change and Multi-Dimensional Sustainability in African Agriculture, 171–83. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-41238-2_9.
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Matheri, Anthony Njuguna, Belaid Mohamed, and Jane Catherine Ngila. "Smart Climate Resilient and Efficient Integrated Waste to Clean Energy System in a Developing Country: Industry 4.0." In African Handbook of Climate Change Adaptation, 1053–80. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-45106-6_69.
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AbstractClimate change impacts a natural and human system on the entire globe. Climate-related extreme weather such as drought, floods, and heat waves alters the ecosystems that society depends on. Climate, land, energy, and water systems (CLEWS) are a critical aspect of high importance on resource availability, distribution, and interconnection. The nexus provides a set of guidelines to South Africa that aims on creating a level playing field for all sectors while achieving the aims of the SDGs that are cross-sectoral and multilevel approaches to climate change. The nexus expressed three domains that included resources, governance, and security. It integrated a smart climate resilient with inclusion of the governance and involvement of the stakeholders. Recognition of spatial and sector interdependencies should inform policies, investment and institutional for enhancing nexus security and climate change towards making transition green carbon deals. The nexus offers an integrated approach that analyzes the trade-offs and synergies between the different sectors in order to maximize the efficiency of using the resources that adapt institutional and optimum policy arrangements. Economic transformation and creation of employment through green economy is one of the COP26 green deal agendas in curbing the carbon emissions (green house emission, industrial processes, fuel combustion, and fugitive emissions) as mitigation to climate change, which is cost-effective and economically efficient. The future climate change policy in the developing countries is likely to be both promoted by climate technology transfer and public-private cooperation (cross-sector partnership) through the technology mechanism of the nexus and inclusion of the gender.
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Mupambwa, Hupenyu A., Martha K. Hausiku, Andreas S. Namwoonde, Gadaffi M. Liswaniso, Mayday Haulofu, and Samuel K. Mafwila. "Climate Change Implications and Mitigation in a Hyperarid Country: A Case of Namibia." In African Handbook of Climate Change Adaptation, 2247–68. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-45106-6_225.
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AbstractNamibia is the most arid country in sub-Saharan Africa characterized by the existence of two deserts, the Namib and the Kalahari. However, though being arid, agriculture still plays a critical role in Namibia’s economy, which includes both crop and animal production. Furthermore, the country is endowed with vast marine resources, with its marine waters being equivalent to two-thirds of Namibia’s terrestrial environment. In the face of climate change and a growing population, there is a need for Namibia to continue with its climate smart efforts which is critical in shifting the country from its current dependency on imports thus increasing the country’s food self-sufficiency. This chapter highlights the threats posed by climate change, both on land and the marine environment of the country, which has potential negative impacts on the economy. Current research being undertaken in Namibia on ocean acidification, sea water harvesting, climate smart agriculture, and atmospheric science, is also highlighted in this chapter. The information presented in this chapter will be critical in guiding climate change mitigation policies in hyperarid African countries, thus reducing the burden caused by the global change in climate. Aspects on the direction of future research on climate adaptation with a holistic and multidisciplinary approach are also proposed.
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Deji, Olanike F. "Gender Implications of Farmers’ Indigenous Climate Change Adaptation Strategies Along Agriculture Value Chain in Nigeria." In African Handbook of Climate Change Adaptation, 1811–34. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-45106-6_13.
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AbstractClimate change contributes significantly to the looming food insecurity in the rain-fed agricultural countries of Africa, including Nigeria. There is a gender dimension in climate change impacts and adaptation strategies along Agriculture Value Chain (AVC) in Nigeria. The chapter gender analyzed the aspects of climate change impacts; identified the indigenous and expert-based artificial adaptation strategies; assessed the gender differences in the adaptation strategies; and provided the gender implications of the indigenous adaptation strategies among actors along the AVC. The chapter adopted a value chain-based exploratory design with gender analysis as the narrative framework with Gender Response Theory as the theoretical background. There were gender differences in the production, economic, and social dimensions of the climate change impacts along the AVC. The indigenous climate change adaptation strategies were availability, low cost, and easily accessible; hence they were popularly adopted by male and female AVC actors. The adopted indigenous adaptation strategies challenged the social relations, influenced reordering of social and gender relations, participation, and power relation among the male and female actors along the AVC.
Conference papers on the topic "Economic aspects of African art"
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Ezechi, Chinenye, and Chukwuemeka Ndulue. "Flare Gas to Energy Using Hydrogen Fuel Cell Solid Oxide Fuel Cells: The Nigerian Perspective." In SPE Nigeria Annual International Conference and Exhibition. SPE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/212036-ms.
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Abstract Energy must be available and affordable to attain energy security as it is fundamental to human and economic development which drives virtually every aspect of the world economy. Globally, the energy demand is increasing; however, the increase is more significant for the African continent due to increased population, industrialization, and economic development. As a proactive measure, technology to meet the demand is crucial to find, develop, process and produce this energy. One of the challenges of the African continent is gas flaring due to gas management solutions and cost-related issues. Based on the African Energy Portal, (Africa Energy Portal, 2020) Nigeria loses about $2.5 billion yearly from 178 flare sites (predominantly onshore sites) nationwide, ranking Nigeria the 7th country on the list of the most flared gas countries in the world. While this is a massive loss in revenue for the major stakeholders, it is also detrimental to public health. While there are other complementary technologies available to help utilize more flared gas, the hydrogen fuel cell has proven to be more instrumental in the quest for acleaner and sustainable energy. With Europe as a frontline adopter, the sustainable energy benefits of a hydrogen fuel cell can be seen in its continuous development, deployment, and utilization in most of its countries. Africa, especially Nigeria has the potential to reduce gas flaring by 70%, (Africa Energy Portal, 2020) via the deployment and usage of fuel cells technologies in the conversion and utilization of flared gas to clean hydrogen gas, which can serve as alternative energy used in a wide range of applications across multiple sectors. This paper focuses on the impact of gas flaring, and the application of evolving hydrogen fuel cell technology as a means of flare gas reduction and gas recovery through steam reforming of methane. It also discusses the constraints of implementing hydrogen fuel cells in Africa, using Nigeria's Oil and Gas Sector as a case study.
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Roman, Monica, Bogdan Ileanu, and Mihai Roman. "A comparative analysis of remittance behaviour between East European and North African migrants." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c01.00189.
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The labour migration in Europe is a phenomenon with multiple effects, both positive and negative. Money sent by emigrants to their families is increasing their quality of life and has positive effects on the family relations; therefore it can be identified an increasing interest in the literature in studying such aspects.
The purpose of the paper is to conduct a comparative analysis of the migrants’ propensity to sending money to the origin country.
The study is based on data coming from the National Immigrant Survey of Spain (in Spanish: Encuesta Nacional de Inmigrantes – 2007). A total of 15,475 interviews were carried out. Moroccans, Romanians, and Ecuadorians represent 30% of the total number of immigrants resident in Spain.
We employ a binary logistic regression model in order to identify the impact of socio-demographical factors on the probability of sending money abroad from Spain. Our aim is to identify cultural discrepancies in remittances sending, according to origin of migrants. We are mainly focusing on two large groups of respondents, which are North African and South Eastern Europe migrants. The variables employed are age of respondent, education, Intention to return in the country of origin, The period spent in Spain, gender of respondent, and the relation with the country of origin defined by the frequency of visits in the country. We identified similar patterns and also significant differences among the two groups.
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Grant, P. S., S. R. Duncan, A. Roche, and C. F. Johnson. "Scientific, Technological and Economic Aspects of Rapid Tooling by Electric Arc Spray Forming." In ITSC2006, edited by B. R. Marple, M. M. Hyland, Y. C. Lau, R. S. Lima, and J. Voyer. ASM International, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.itsc2006p1211.
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Abstract For the last seven years, Oxford University and the Ford Motor Co. have been researching jointly the development of the large-scale spray forming of steel tooling capable for use in mass production, particularly for the pressing of sheet metal in automotive applications. These investigations have involved: comprehensive microstructure and property studies, modelling of shape evolution and heat flow, real-time feedback control of tool temperature to eliminate tool distortion, high speed imaging and particle image velocimetry of droplet deposition on 3D shapes, the testing of full-scale tools for different applications in the production environment, and detailed studies of the cost and time savings realised for different tooling applications. This paper will provide an overview of the scientific and technical progress to date, present latest results, and describe the current state-of-the-art. Many of the insights described have relevance and applicability across the family of thermal spray processes and applications.
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LIU, JIE, and CHANG-CHEN GAO. "ANALYSIS OF GOVERNMENT PROVIDING PUBLIC EMPLOYMENT SERVICE UNDER THE NEW EMPLOYMENT PATTERN." In 2021 International Conference on Education, Humanity and Language, Art. Destech Publications, Inc., 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.12783/dtssehs/ehla2021/35727.
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Employment is the largest livelihood of more than 1.3 billion people and the most basic support for economic development. The Communist Party of China (CPC) Central Committee and the State Council insist on giving priority to employment in economic and social development, encourage the creation of a favorable environment for mass entrepreneurship and innovation, and maintain overall stability in China's employment situation, coupled with the new employment model of de-employerization and platformization along with the technological progress of the Internet and the upgrading of mass consumption. However, we should also see that there are still many difficulties and problems in the current economic and social development, the new employment form breaks the old industry and legal order under the interest relationship and management norms, the traditional employment groups, management means, labor law system, employment service management, social security policies and so on to form an impact. In order to alleviate the current situation, our country should actively explore the innovative mechanism of the government to provide public services to promote employment, and the author also puts forward some suggestions from the following aspects through his own research: first, to establish the diversified public employment service supply mechanism which is government-led, market and social supplement; from the above aspects, the quality and efficiency of the supply of public employment services under the new industry are improved from the above aspects.
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Olatunji, Obafemi, Stephen Akinlabi, Nkosinathi Madushele, Paul Adedeji, and Samuel Fatoba. "Recent Advancement of Biomass in Energy Exploration in Some African Countries." In ASME 2019 Power Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/power2019-1827.
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Abstract Africa is so much endowed with a vast amount of renewable resources that can engender economic prosperity and provide adequate capacity to meet up with current and future energy demands. These vast resources made her to be at a vantage position in Renewable Energy (RE) exploration across the globe. One of such RE with enormous potential is biomass, however, the maximum potential has not been realized. This article provides an overview of the biomass resources in some selected African countries. The state-of-the-art in biomass application, availability, energy production in power plant, especially as related to electricity production were discussed. Overall, the authors identify the barrier to biomass energy exploration in these countries and proffer some solution to deal with these challenges.
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Rodgers, C. "25-5 Kwe Microturbine Design Aspects." In ASME Turbo Expo 2000: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/2000-gt-0626.
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In concert with the growing emphasis placed on distributed power generation there will be a need, in the first decade of the 21st century, for a compact thermal energy system capable of providing the total energy needs of individual homes. A natural gas fueled cogeneration microturbine with ultra low emissions will meet this need. The results of a study to assess the thermal and economic aspects of microturbines in the 25 to 5 Kwe range are presented. It was determined that with current state of art component peak performance levels, and metallic materials, thermal efficiency goals of 27 and 22.5% respectively at sea level standard day conditions are attainable. Higher overall thermal efficiencies of 60% are attainable with a microturbine combined with a fuel cell, and approaching 80% combined with exhaust fired boilers. Development of a low cost natural gas combustor injection method, combined with a low cost high effectiveness recuperator were considered mandatory for market acceptance.
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Khene, Caroline. "Curriculum Development of an ICT4D Module in the South African Context." In InSITE 2015: Informing Science + IT Education Conferences: USA. Informing Science Institute, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.28945/2236.
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[The final form of this paper was published in the journal Issues in Informing Science and Information Technology.] The significance of ICTs in supporting socio-economic development in developing countries is inevitable. As academics of information systems in developing countries, we cannot ignore the need for teaching and building the capacity of our students to become knowledgeable and skilled in Information and Communication Technology for Development (ICT4D) practice and discourse. Furthermore, it is vital to equip our students with the ability to apply their discipline knowledge in addressing some of the ICT discrepancies in current ICT4D practice in their own context. I introduced and teach the ICT4D module to the Honours level course at my university in South Africa. This paper explores the influencing aspects that shaped the development of the ICT4D module curriculum in the South African context I teach in. This provides a practice lens to motivate for and support the introduction of an ICT4D module in tertiary curricula in developing countries.
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Heun, M. K., J. L. van Niekerk, M. Swilling, A. J. Meyer, A. Brent, and T. P. Fluri. "Learnable Lessons on Sustainability From the Provision of Electricity in South Africa." In ASME 2010 4th International Conference on Energy Sustainability. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2010-90071.
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South Africa is a “canary in a coal mine” for the world’s upcoming ecological crises, especially regarding electrical energy provision for a developing modern society, because aspects of the South African situation may be repeated elsewhere when ecological limits constrain economic activity. We describe the South African context in terms of social issues and economic development policies, environmental issues, and the electrical energy situation in the country. We explore implications of the South African context for the provision of electrical energy in terms of development objectives, climate change, the electrical grid, water, and solar, wind, ocean, and hydro energy resources. Thereafter, we explore future directions for electrical energy provision in the country, including some important questions to be answered. Next, we offer a rational way forward, including an assessment favoring concentrated solar power (CSP) as a path of least resistance for decoupling South Africa’s energy use from upstream and downstream environmental impacts. We conclude with some learnable lessons from the South African context for the rest of the developing and developed world.
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Zhang, Yujie, and Ao Jiang. "Immersive virtual interactive environment based on hologram technology for youth art education." In 13th International Conference on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics (AHFE 2022). AHFE International, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1002073.
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Arts education for young people (mainly aged 16-18) varies greatly geographically due to differences in economic development between regions. The current situation in arts learning is that high schools' teaching models and thinking need to be more exciting and interactive. With the rise of the 'meta-universe', the use of hologram technology and immersive virtual interactive environments such as AR and VR can make up for the current waste of educational resources due to 'egalitarianism' in the arts education sector. This is also a sign of increasing economic investment in education.Based on several years of experience in high school art education, the author has been able to adapt the teaching equipment to the teaching behaviour, through literature research, field studies and experience summaries, to sort out the most basic functions that teaching should have when designing, and to conduct product research based on existing products on the market, to give certain product function deficiencies and aspects that can be improved. The study also provides some insights into hologram technology and immersive virtual interactive environments for art education.
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WANG, Yi-ping, and Xian-li ZHANG. "Research on the Influencing Factors of the Construction of Tourism and Leisure Characteristic Towns in Sichuan Province under the Background of New Urbanization." In 2021 International Conference on Education, Humanity and Language, Art. Destech Publications, Inc., 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.12783/dtssehs/ehla2021/35658.
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Promoting the construction of characteristic towns under the background of new urbanization is an important way for my country to break the bottleneck of economic development and realize economic transformation and upgrading. In recent years, although the construction of characteristic towns in Sichuan Province has achieved remarkable results and a large number, especially tourist and leisure characteristic towns accounted for the largest proportion, they still face urgent problems such as avoiding redundant construction, achieving scientific development, and overall planning. This study takes 20 cultural tourism characteristic towns selected by the first batch of Sichuan Province as the research object, combined with field research and tourist questionnaire surveys, and screened out relevant influencing factors of characteristic towns from different aspects such as transportation, economy, industry, ecology, historical and cultural heritage. Analyze the correlation with the development level of characteristic towns in order to find out the key factors affecting the development of characteristic towns of this type, provide a policy basis for the scientific development and overall planning of reserve characteristic towns in our province, and contribute to the construction of new urbanization And provide advice and suggestions on the development of tourism industry in our province.
Reports on the topic "Economic aspects of African art"
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Mushongera, Darlington, Prudence Kwenda, and Miracle Ntuli. An analysis of well-being in Gauteng province using the capability approach. Gauteng City-Region Observatory, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.36634/2020.op.1.
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As countries across the globe pursue economic development, the improvement of individual and societal well-being has increasingly become an overarching goal. In the global South, in particular, high levels of poverty, inequality and deteriorating social fabrics remain significant challenges. Programmes and projects for addressing these challenges have had some, but limited, impact. This occasional paper analyses well-being in Gauteng province from a capability perspective, using a standard ‘capability approach’ consistent with Amartya Sen’s first conceptualisation, which was then operationalised by Martha Nussbaum. Earlier research on poverty and inequality in the Gauteng City-Region was mainly based on objective characteristics of well-being such as income, employment, housing and schooling. Using data from the Gauteng City-Region Observatory’s Quality of Life Survey IV for 2015/16, our capability approach provides a more holistic view of well-being by focusing on both objective and subjective aspects simultaneously. The results confirm the well-known heterogeneity in human conditions among South African demographic groups, namely that capability achievements vary across race, age, gender, income level and location. However, we observe broader (in both subjective and objective dimensions) levels of deprivation that are otherwise masked in the earlier studies. In light of these findings, the paper recommends that policies are directly targeted towards improving those capability indicators where historically disadvantaged and vulnerable groups show marked deprivation. In addition, given the spatial heterogeneities in capability achievements, we recommend localised interventions in capabilities that are lagging in certain areas of the province.
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Бондаренко, Ольга Володимирівна, Світлана Вікторівна Мантуленко, and Андрій Валерійович Пікільняк. Google Classroom as a Tool of Support of Blended Learning for Geography Students. CEUR-WS.org, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.31812/123456789/2655.
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Abstract. The article reveals the experience of organizing blended learning for geography students using Google Classroom, and discloses its potential uses in the study of geography. For the last three years, the authors have tested such in-class and distance courses as “Cartography and Basics of Topography”, “Population Geography”, “Information Systems and Technologies in Tourism Industry”, “Regional Economic and Social World Geography (Europe and the CIS)”, “Regional Economic and Social World Geography (Africa, Latin America, Asia, Anglo-America, Australia and Oceania)”, “Socio-Economic Cartography”. The advantages of using the specified interactive tool during the study of geographical disciplines are highlighted out in the article. As it has been established, the organization of the learning process using Google Classroom ensures the unity of in-class and out-of-class learning; it is designed to realize effective interaction of the subjects learning in real time; to monitor the quality of training and control the students’ learning achievements in class as well as out of it, etc. The article outlines the disadvantages that should be taken into account when organizing blended learning using Google Classroom, including the occasional predominance of students’ external motivation in education and their low level of readiness for work in the classroom; insufficient level of material and technical support in some classrooms; need for out-of-class pedagogical support; lack of guidance on the content aspect of Google Classroom pages, etc. Through the test series conducted during 2016-2017, an increase in the number of geography students with a sufficient level of academic achievements and a decrease of those with a low level of it was revealed.