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1
Nwanna, Clifford. "Dialectics of African Feminism A Study of the Women's Group in Awka (the Land of Blacksmiths)." Matatu 40, no. 1 (December 1, 2012): 275–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18757421-040001019.
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There appears to be a lack of interest from researchers on African art, on feminist related issues. Their researches are devoted to other aspects of African art. This situation has created a gap in both African art and African gender studies. The present essay interrogates the socio-economic and political position of women in Africa from a feminist theoretical viewpoint. Here, the formation and the activities of the women group in Awka was used as a case study, to foreground the fact that feminism is not alien to Africa; rather it has existed in Africa since the ancient times. The women group stands out as true African patriots and protagonists of the African feminist struggle.
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Adedeji, Femi. "Singing and Suffering in Africa A Study of Selected Relevant Texts of Nigerian Gospel Music." Matatu 40, no. 1 (December 1, 2012): 411–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18757421-040001027.
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A major aspect of African music which has often been underscored in Musicological studies and which undoubtedly is the most important to Africans, is the textual content. Its significance in African musicology is based on the fact that African music itself; whether traditional ethnic, folk, art or contemporary, is text-bound and besides, the issue of meaning 'what is a song saying?' is paramount to Africans, whereas to Westerners the musical elements are more important. This is why the textual content should be given more priority. In terms of the textual content, Nigerian gospel music, an African contemporary musical genre which concerns itself with evangelizing lost souls, is also used as an instrument of socio-political and economic struggle. One of the issues that have been prominent in the song-texts is the suffering of the masses in Africa. This essay aims at taking a closer look at the selected relevant texts in order to interpret them, determine their message, and evaluate their claims and veracity. Using ethnomusicological, theological, and literary-analytical approaches, the essay classifies the texts into categories, finding most of the claims in the texts to be true assessments of the suffering conditions of the Nigerian masses. The essay concludes by stressing the need to pay more attention to the voice of the masses through gospel artists and for people in the humanities to work energetically towards fostering permanent solutions to the problem of suffering in Africa in general.
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Rasmussen, Susan J. "Art as process and product: patronage and the problem of change in Tuareg blacksmith/artisan roles." Africa 65, no. 4 (October 1995): 592–610. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1161134.
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AbstractThis article contributes to recent dialogues in anthropology and African humanities on the problematic translation and application of Western and non-Western aesthetic concepts—for example, ‘authentic’ ‘original’ and ‘touristic’—in the domain of artisan practices. It analyses, compares and contrasts art patronage among the Nigérien Tuareg in rural and urban social settings. The role of Tuareg ‘smiths’, a word variously translated in local conversation and ethnographic literature as ‘artisans’, ‘technicians’ and ‘jewellers’, suggests a need to revise cross-cultural perspectives on the ceremonial, aesthetic and commercial aspects of artisan activity. The article focuses upon changing roles, the materials craftsmen use and the beliefs surrounding blacksmiths. It argues that these complexes of action and belief have a bearing not solely upon art products but also on ritual and socio-economic processes to which producer, patron and audience contribute in different settings and contexts.
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Qumba, Mmiselo Freedom. "Assessing the Legal and Regulatory Framework for Special Economic Zones in South Africa." South African Mercantile Law Journal 34, no. 2 (2022): 229–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.47348/samlj/v34/i2a4.
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The previous industrial development zones (IDZs) programme did not generate the anticipated economic growth in South Africa. Thus, the recent special economic zones (SEZs) programme is aimed at addressing the deficiencies in the disappointing record of the IDZs. So, would the new SEZ programme succeed if the IDZs failed? Since the IDZ is considered to have failed to generate the expected levels of economic growth, it is important assess whether the new SEZ programme will be able to fulfil its intended objectives. Therefore, the purpose of this article is to provide an insightful analysis of the South African SEZ programme from a legal and policy perspective and to proffer some reforms in areas that may be pertinent for the success of the SEZ programme. It traces South Africa’s experience with the IDZs and related industrial policies by assessing how the country has fared so far, looking at its transition from the IDZs to the SEZs and analyses the potential challenges it is likely to face in the future. It adopts a comparative method of analysis by examining key issues confronting SEZs in South Africa, India, and China. In particular, the article compares only the key aspects in the regulatory design of the SEZ as found in the SEZ Act. These aspects include: the governance and ownership structure of the SEZs; the incentives offered to investors; the establishment of one-stop shops and issues of infrastructure development.
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Cant, Michael Colin, Johannes Arnoldus Wiid, and Leanne Manley. "Counterfeit luxury fashion brands: Consumer purchase behaviour." Corporate Ownership and Control 11, no. 3 (2014): 175–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/cocv11i3c1p4.
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The act of counterfeiting products has grown at an extraordinary rate within the last two decades and is largely viewed around the world as a social, political and economic issue. Previous research mostly focused on the supply aspects of the counterfeit industry, with little research focusing on consumer demand for such merchandise and even less attention is given to South African consumers’ demand and behaviour thereof The purpose of this article was therefore to describe South African consumers’ purchase behaviour towards counterfeit luxury fashion branded products. The findings revealed that South African consumers have a relatively low demand and purchase behaviour towards counterfeit luxury fashion branded products and that the trading place is mostly in an informal setting.
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Adepoju, Oluwatoyin Vincent. "Epistemic Roots, Universal Routes and Ontological Roofs of African “Ritual Archives”: Disciplinary Formations in African Thought." Yoruba Studies Review 3, no. 1 (December 21, 2021): 1–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.32473/ysr.v3i1.129934.
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One may compose an essay on another essay, and possibly an even longer one than the essay being studied, long as that one is, when one is confronted with one of those things one has to say something about after encountering them. “Ritual Archives”, the climatic conclusion of the account in The Toyin Falola Reader ( Austin: Pan African University, 2018), of the efforts of Africa and its Americas Diaspora to achieve political, economic, intellectual and cultural individuality, is a deeply intriguing, ideationally, structurally and stylistically powerful and inspiring work, rich with ideas and arresting verbal and visual images. His focus is Africa and its Diaspora, but his thought resonates with implications far beyond Africa, into contexts of struggle for plurality of vision outside and even within the West, the global dominance of whose central theoretical constructs inspires Falola’s essay. “Ritual Archives”, oscillates between the analytical and the poetic, the ruminative and the architectonic, expressive styles pouring out a wealth of ideas, which, even though adequately integrated, are not always adequately elaborated on. This essay responds to the resonance of those ideas, further illuminating their intrinsic semantic values and demonstrating my perception of the intersections of the concerns they express with issues beyond the African referent of “Ritual Archives”. This response is organized in five parts, representing my understanding of the five major thematic strategies through which the central idea is laid out and expanded. 316 Oluwatoyin Vincent Adepoju The first section, “Developing Classical African Expressions as Sources of Locally and Universally Valid Theory” explores Falola’s advocacy for an expanded cultivation of theory from Africa created and Africa inspired expressive forms. “Epistemic and Metaphysical Integrity in Ifá”, the second part, examines his argument for a re-centering of studies in classical African thought within the epistemic and metaphysical frames of those bodies of knowledge, using the Yoruba origin Ifá system of knowledge, spiritual development and divination as an example, an illustration I analyze through my own understanding of the cognitive and metaphysical framework of Ifá. The third unit, “Falola’s Image Theory and Praxis, Image as Archive, Image as Initiator”, demonstrates Falola’s dramatization of the cognitive possibilities of works of art as inspirers of theory, exemplified by a figurine of the Yoruba origin òrìṣà cosmology, the deity Esu. This is the most poetic and one of the most imaginatively, ideationally evocative and yet tantalizingly inadequately elaborated sections of “Ritual Archives”, evoking continuities between Yoruba philosophy, òrìṣà cosmology and various bodies of knowledge across art and image theory and history, without expanding on the ideas or building them into a structure adequately responsive to the promise of the ideas projected, a foundation I contribute to developing by elucidating my understanding of the significance of the ideas and their consonance with related conceptions and issues from Asian, Western and African cultures. I also demonstrate how this section may contribute to clarification of the nature of Yoruba philosophy understood as a body of ideas on the scope of human intelligibility and the relationship between that philosophy and òrìṣà cosmology, an expansive view of the cosmos developed in relation to the philosophy. This is a heuristic rather than an attempt at a definitive distinction and is derived from the relationship between my practical and theoretical investigation of Yoruba epistemology and Falola’s exploration, in “Ritual Archives”, of a particularly strategic aspect of òrìṣà cosmology represented by Esu. The distinction I advance between Yoruba philosophy and òrìṣà cosmology and the effort to map their interrelations is useful in categorizing and critically analyzing various postulates that constitute classical Yoruba thought. This mapping of convergence and divergence contributes to working out the continuum in Yoruba thought between a critical and experiential configuration and a belief system. The fourth section, “The Institutional Imperative”, discusses Falola’s careful working out of the institutional implications of the approach he advocates of developing locally and universally illuminating theory out of endogenous African cultural forms. The fifth part, “Imagistic Resonance”, presents Falola’s effort to make the Toyin Falola Reader into a ritual archive, illustrating his vision for African art as an inspirer of theory, by spacing powerful black and white pictures of forms of this art, mainly sculptural but also forms of Epistemic Roots, Universal Routes and Ontological Roofs 317 clothing, largely Yoruba but also including examples from other African cultures, throughout the book. Except for the set of images in the appendix, these artistic works are not identified, nor does the identification of those in the appendix go beyond naming them, exclusions perhaps motivated by the need to avoid expanding an already unusually big book of about 1,032 pages of central text. I reproduce and identify a number of these artistic forms and briefly elaborate on their aesthetic force and ideational power, clarifying the theoretical formations in which they are embedded and exploring the insights they could contribute to theory beyond their originating cultures. “Ritual Archives” is particularly important for me because it elucidates views strategic to my own cognitive explorations and way of life but which I have not been able to articulate with the ideational comprehensiveness and analytical penetration Falola brings to the subject of developing theory from endogenous African cultural expressions, exemplified by Ifá and art, two of my favorite subjects
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Popescu, Monica. "Cold War Solidarities and Twenty-First-Century Frayed Alliances: Romanian-Ghanaian Vantage Points." Comparative Literature Studies 59, no. 3 (August 1, 2022): 487–505. http://dx.doi.org/10.5325/complitstudies.59.3.0487.
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ABSTRACT During the Cold War, socialist countries in the Eastern Bloc forged fraternal relations with newly independent states on the African continent and other parts of the Third World. These alliances translated into economic exchanges, political and ideological ties, and cultural solidarities. Oftentimes subsumed under the rubric of internationalism, these understudied cultural exchanges reflect both the forward thinking elements of global socialism as well as the paternalist and condescending aspects of relations between the Second and the Third Worlds. In order to analyze the legacies of these solidarities in the twenty-first century, the author looks at the work of Wanlov the Kubolor, which is the stage name of Emmanuel Owusu-Bonsu, a Ghanaian-Romanian musician, poet, film director, and activist. Describing himself as an “African Gypsy” and a peripatetic trickster (a “kubolor”), Wanlov draws on Ghanaian and Romanian artistic traditions to forge a unique perspective on postsocialist societies, from the margins of the capitalist world-system. The work of artists such as Wanlov the Kubolor presents a clear-eyed East/South perspective on global phenomena: consumerism, the quick cooptation and taming of oppositional aesthetics into commercial art, racism, and class distinctions, yet also possible new directions for activism and resistance.
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Tolulope Ijisakin, Eyitayo, Olusegun Jide Ajiboye, Foluso Modupe Abejide, and Idowu Folorunso Adeyanju. "Creativity and Beaded Aesthetics: Thematic Analysis of the Beadworks of David Herbert Dale." Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences 12, no. 6 (November 5, 2021): 85. http://dx.doi.org/10.36941/mjss-2021-0059.
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In traditional Africa, beads function as adornments, as designation of royalty, and in many activities that have to do with commerce, religion, and healing among others. The use of beads has however found it ways into modern artistic expression. Literature abounds on the traditional use of beads, whereas there is a dearth of literature on creative usage of beads in contemporary Nigerian art. This study therefore examines creativity in the beadworks of David Herbert Dale. Data were collected through oral interviews with David Herbert Dale and relevant key informants such as art connoiseurs and gallery owners. This study relies on the theory of aesthetic response and functional theories of art; it also adopts the visual analysis approach to evince the aesthetics and deconstruct the contents of the beadworks. The paper argues that the beadworks of Dale are visual chronicles of historical, religious, economic, and socio-cultural aspects of Nigeria in particular, and Africa as a whole.
Received: 7 September 2021 / Accepted: 24 October 2021 / Published: 5 November 2021
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Ridl, Jeremy, and Ed Couzens. "Misplacing Nema A Consideration of Some Problematic Aspects of South Africa's New EIA Regulations." Potchefstroom Electronic Law Journal/Potchefstroomse Elektroniese Regsblad 13, no. 5 (June 19, 2017): 79. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/1727-3781/2010/v13i5a2711.
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In mid-2006, new Regulations governing environmental impact assessment were published in terms of the National Environmental Management Act 107 of 1998. It is argued in this article that the old Regulations under the Environment Conservation Act 73 of 1989, which were replaced, had proved inadequate not because of any inherent deficiency, but because they were never properly implemented and because they were instead subjected to much inaccurate criticism. The article then canvasses the old Regulations and considers criticisms thereof, before canvassing the new Regulations and assessing differences between the old and the new. Various specific concerns and potential shortcomings are raised and considered; and various interpretations are offered of problematic provisions. A prognosis for the success and/or failure of the new Regulations is then put forward in the context of the South African government's present approach to economic growth, environmental protection and the enforcement of environmental legislation. Finally, it is argued that there are danger signs that the new Regulations will be as misunderstood and misapplied as were the old Regulations and that the fundamental principles of the National Environmental Management Act are likely not to be adhered to in the implementation of the new Regulations.
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Nkosingiphile, Mkhize. "Implementing Lifestyle Audits in Local Government to Bolster the Anti-Corruption Project in South Africa." African Journal of Development Studies (formerly AFFRIKA Journal of Politics, Economics and Society) 13, no. 1 (January 15, 2023): 201–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.31920/2634-3649/2022/v12n4a10.
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Municipalities play a significant role in the political, social, and economic aspects of society. Consequently,, understanding municipal corruption is critical to comprehending the nature of social disorganisation in society and the state. This study aims to investigate the key structural and policy requirements for implementing lifestyle audits as an anticorruption framework in South African local government.. The article employs a qualitative research approach, which includes the use of secondary data. This article found that adopting lifestyle audits as an anti-corruption tool requires several policies and legislations that are pertinent for the South African local government level. These include the Public Service Act of 1994 (Act 103 of 1994), the Code of Conduct for the Public Service. Therefore, it is necessary to implement interventions that expose and root out these corrupt public officials before they empty the treasury by plundering and bankrupting the municipalities. For this reason, this article proposes the implementation of lifestyle audits as a proactive anti-fraud and anti-corruption mechanism for municipalities to preserve their money, finances, and resources.
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Zdanevich, Alexander. "Features of Socio-Political Processes in the South of the African Continent in a Crisis (1990s — 2020s)." ISTORIYA 13, no. 3 (113) (2022): 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.18254/s207987840020912-2.
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Twenty-eight years ago, the Republic of South Africa gained its independence. Few believed that the long and tragic period of apartheid (1948 — early 1990s) would end peacefully. For many years in the public, political and scientific circles there were different points of view on possible scenarios for the development of events in the south of the African continent. It seemed clear that any transition from an era of white-minority rule to black-majority rule would spark a bloody civil war. Against all odds, in April 1994, South Africans were able to stay on the very edge of the “chasm” and resist, launching the process of creating a renewed South Africa based on the principles of equality and commonwealth in a multi-ethnic and multi-confessional society. The priorities of independent development and freedom of speech, differentiation of the economy were put at the forefront. The leadership of the country gave basic guidelines for the fair and equal participation of all members of society in the creation and prosperity of the “rainbow nation”, as it was later called. Free democratic elections were held under the auspices of a common effort and a rejection of the mistakes of the past. “The Truth and Reconciliation Commission” was established through the promotion of “National Unity and Reconciliation Act” (No. 34 of 1995), which allowed the country to go through a difficult transition period in a relatively peaceful way. Today, as we watch the evolution of social and political processes in South Africa, we are again trying to assess what has happened in South Africa for more than a quarter of a century and continues to happen today. Last but not least, the reason for this is the current unfavorable political and social situation in South Africa. The problems of modern South Africa are obvious, and, regrettably, were predicted many years ago by critics of the transition period: corruption at all levels of government, youth unemployment, insufficient level of administration and, as a result, a slowdown in economic growth, etc. They can be collectively categorized as “apartheid legacy”, but would such a simplification be fair to South Africans themselves? Looking ahead, we can answer this question in the negative. What actually prevents this country, the richest in every sense, from developing and occupying a leading position at the domestic (continental) and international level? What role has the situation with the COVID-19 pandemic, which is rapidly spreading regionally, globally and on a scale, played at all levels of development in South Africa? Let's try to understand all this, considering the evolution of social and political processes in South Africa itself through the prism of key aspects of the crisis of our time.
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Halvorsrud, Kristoffer. "The maintenance of white privilege: The case of white South African migrants in the UK." Ethnicities 19, no. 1 (June 6, 2017): 95–116. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1468796817712311.
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White South Africans constitute a privileged migrant group compared to many other, and particularly ‘non-white’, migrants in the UK. Little research has been conducted on this particular group, however. Through an interview study, this gap in research will be addressed. Based on 30 qualitative and semi-structured interviews, the paper argues that some white South Africans in the UK emphasise aspects of their group status deemed to be ‘desirable’ by the white host society population – and thereby maintain the white privileges with which they have historically been bestowed – in order to offset any negative connotations associated with their status as a migrant group. The privileges accrued by their whiteness that white South Africans are shown to be maintaining include the relevance of British ancestral ties privileging certain white South Africans, the relevance of their socio-cultural background stemming from the colonial ties between Britain and South Africa, the significance attached to English language proficiency as well as their socio-economic status in the global transnational employment market. In the process, it will be shown how some white South Africans construct themselves in a manner that works to distinguish them from more stigmatised groups. It is shown how participants buy in to anti-immigration rhetoric – as commonly associated with the host country’s immigration and citizenship policy environment – in order that this can continue to be directed at more stigmatised groups rather than themselves. This, then, references markers of difference such as ancestry, culture and language, essentially enabling the stigmatisation even of other white migrants, such as Eastern Europeans who are predominantly white but perceived to be lower down in the ‘social hierarchy’ of the host society than white South Africans.
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Van Der Vyver, Johan. "The Protection and Promotion of a People’s Right to Mineral Resources in Africa: International and Municipal Perspectives." Law and Development Review 11, no. 2 (June 26, 2018): 739–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ldr-2018-0036.
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Abstract Development programs in many African countries include the reallocation of land and the nationalization of mineral resources for the benefit of less privileged communities in those countries. Implementing these programs is, however, quite complicated. This paper pays special attention to the confiscation of the land of white farmers in Zimbabwe as part of a development program, and the rapid decline of the economy of that country in consequence of this program. It serves as a reminder that depriving landowners of their property rights is counterproductive and is therefore not a feasible development strategy. As far as the right to explore natural resources is concerned, the paper highlights the repeated resolutions of the United Nations proclaiming the “inalienable right of all states freely to dispose of their natural resources in accordance with their national interests” as an inherent aspect of sovereignty [e.g. G.A. Res. 626, 7 U.N. GAOR, Supp. (No. 20), at 18, U.N. Doc. A/2361 (1952).], with occasional reminders that developing countries were in need of encouragement “in the proper use and exploitation of their natural wealth and resources” [e.g. E.S.C. Res. 1737, 54 U.N. ESCOR, Supp., No. 1 (1973).]. These resolutions were adopted in the context of the decolonization policy of the United Nations and were mainly aimed at denouncing the exploitation of the mineral resources of African countries by colonial powers [G.A. Res. 2288, 22 U.N. GAOR, Supp. (No. 16), at 48, U.N. Doc. A/6716 (1967)., para 3]. The emphasis of international law relating to the natural resources over time also emphasized the right to self-determination of peoples. As early as 1958, the General Assembly, in a resolution through which the Commission on Permanent Sovereignty over Natural Resources was established, stated that the “permanent sovereignty over natural wealth and resources” of states is “a basic constituent of the right to self-determination” [G.A. Res. 1314, 13 U.N. GAOR, Supp. (No. 18), at 27, U.N. Doc. A/4090 (1958).]. The African Charter on Human and People’s Rights similarly provides “All peoples shall freely dispose of their wealth and natural resources. This right shall be exercised in the exclusive interest of the people. In no case shall a people be deprived of it” [Art 21(1)]. This provision featured prominently in several judgments of courts of law, such as the one of the South African Constitutional Court in the case of Bengwenyama Minerals (Pty) Ltd & Others v Gemorah Resources (Pty) Ltd & Others [2011] (3) BCLR 229 (CC) (3) BCLR 229 (CC) and of the African Court of Human and People’s Rights in the case of Social and Economic Rights Action Centre (SERAC) v Nigeria (2001) AHRLR 60 (ACHPR 2001), Communication 155/96, 15th Annual Report. AHRLR 60 (Social and Economic Rights Action Centre (SERAC) v Nigeria (2001) AHRLR 60 (ACHPR 2001), Communication 155/96, 15th Annual Report.) Communication 155/96. In view of these directives of international law, the paper will critically analyze the South African Mineral and Petroleum Resources Development Act 28 of 2002, which deprived landowners of the ownership of unexplored minerals and petroleum products and proclaimed mineral and petroleum resources to be “the common heritage of all the people of South Africa” with the state as the custodian thereof.
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Henige, David. "Measuring the Immeasurable: The Atlantic Slave Trade, West African Population and the Pyrrhonian Critic." Journal of African History 27, no. 2 (July 1986): 295–313. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021853700036689.
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No problem has exercised Africanists for so long and so heatedly as the slave trade. Now that any difference of opinion as to its morality has ended, debate tends to concentrate on its economic and political aspects, particularly on its magnitude and regional characteristics. In the past few scholarly generations, sophisticated statistical manipulations have supplied more evidence, but it has been concentrated on the number of slaves who arrived in the New World. Nonetheless, dearth of evidence (sometimes total) regarding the other components of the trade has not seemed to discourage efforts to arrive at global figures and, by extension, to determine its effects on African societies.The present paper asks why this should be so, and wonders how any defensible conclusions can ever be reached about almost any facet of the trade that can go beyond ideology or truism. It concludes that no global estimate of the slave trade, or of any ‘underdevelopment’ or ‘underpopulation’ it may have caused, are possible, though carefully constructed micro-studies might provide limited answers. Under the circumstances, to believe or advocate any particular set or range of figures becomes an act of faith rather than an epistemologically sound decision
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Naidoo, Rennie. "A Socio-Technical Account of an Internet-Based Self-Service Technology Implementation." International Journal of Actor-Network Theory and Technological Innovation 2, no. 2 (April 2010): 17–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jantti.2010040102.
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Despite the rampant growth in technology-based service delivery options, the implementation of these contemporary forms of service channels continues to be risky and problematic for organisations. Current conceptualisations of IS implementation is rather narrow and highlights only particular aspects of this phenomenon. This paper adopts a socio-technical lens to enhance our understanding of the implementation of an Internet-based self-service technology (ISST) at a major South African healthcare insurance firm. Actor-Network theory’s (ANT) key conceptual elements of inscription and translation are used to describe how the design and use of this self-service technology emerged from the co-entanglement between the technological and social. Drawing from a field study, this paper demonstrates the complex interdependencies and interactions among contrasting social, political, economic and technological issues and therefore advances implementation theory for these contemporary service channels in yet another important way.
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Allsworth-Jones, P. "Continuity and Change in Yoruba Pottery." Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies 59, no. 2 (June 1996): 312–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0041977x00031591.
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Mrs. A.K. Fatunsin's Yoruba pottery (Lagos, 1992) is the outcome of a project funded by the Ford Foundation (grant no. 875–1066) as part of its continuing programme ‘to preserve and interpret diverse aspects of West Africa's cultural heritage’. The intention of the project as suggested to them in 1985 by this author was that it should ‘go beyond the mere collection of artefacts’. Emphasis was to be ‘placed on techniques of pottery manufacture, sources and types of raw material, methods of forming the pots, decoration and firing, as well as forms and functions including the designated names for the pots in the different parts of the Yoruba speaking area.’ Also investigated would be the uses to which the pots were put; and the organization, beliefs and customs of the potters themselves. The monograph resulting from the work would be designed to show pots ‘not just as art objects but as basic components of the entire economic, social, and religious life of the people’.
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Al-Ababneh, Hassan Ali, Ainur Osmonova, Ilona Dumanska, Petro Matkovskyi, and Andriy Kalynovskyy. "Analysis of export of agricultural products in the context of the global food crisis." Agricultural and Resource Economics: International Scientific E-Journal 7, no. 4 (December 20, 2021): 5–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.51599/are.2021.07.04.01.
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Purpose. The purpose of this article is to study the nature, main trends and problematic aspects of realization of the export potential of agricultural production in the countries of South America, OECD, North America and Europe in the context of aggravating food crisis.
Methodology / approach. Theoretical and empirical methods of cognition are used in their dialectical combination. The main methods used in this study are statistical analysis, index, graphical and analytical methods, methods for estimating structural dynamic shifts, comparisons and monographic method. The study also involved general methods of economic research, in particular: theoretical generalization and comparison, induction and deduction are used in revealing the content of the export potential of agricultural production, drawing conclusions; the current condition and tendencies of development of export of agricultural products is estimated by means of synthesis and the economic analysis; graphic, economic, statistical and interstate comparisons are used to analyse the export of agricultural products; statistical methods (grouping) are applied to assess the domestic and external export potential of agricultural products in the regional context. The influence of external and domestic export potential on wheat exports is studied by regression analysis.
Results. The need to ensure food security by countries around the world urges the importance of the agricultural sector as a catalyst for economic development, sources of foreign exchange earnings, investment direction, etc. The study of agricultural specialization led to the conclusion that wheat and sugar are goods with the highest export potential. It is substantiated that the countries of South America, OECD, North America and Europe have the highest level of fulfilment of export potential of agricultural production, and African countries are import-dependent. Besides, the low export orientation of Africa and Asia due to the peculiarities of their natural and climatic conditions is established based on the assessment of export-import operations in the regional context. The internal and external export potential of each of the regions is analysed. The direct correlation between the exports volume and area of land used for wheat cultivation, as well as with its yield, was established through the correlation and regression analysis.
Originality / scientific novelty. The scientific novelty of the results of the study is that the authors were the first who carried out a comprehensive analysis of the potential capacity and ability to increase exports of agricultural products in the world and by product groups. The essence and features of economic representation of export potential of agricultural products at the international and national levels are determined. The main factors influencing the development of the export potential of agricultural products in the regional context are outlined and their influence is investigated by carrying out the regression analysis. The study of domestic and foreign export potential by regions of the world is further developed.
Practical value / implications. The analysis of the internal and external export potential of agricultural production was carried out in the regional context, which resulted in the identification of the main recommendations for increasing their level in order to enhance the development of the agro-industrial sector of the economy.
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Zúñiga, Felipe, Roxana Pincheira, Julie Walker, and Michael Turner. "The effect of integrated reporting quality on market liquidity and analyst forecast error." Accounting Research Journal 33, no. 4/5 (August 14, 2020): 635–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/arj-07-2019-0145.
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Purpose The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of integrated reporting (IR) quality on both market liquidity and analyst forecast accuracy in South Africa as the only country in the world having IR as a listing requirement. This study uses the Sustainability Disclosure Transparency Index (SDTI) as a proxy for IR disclosure quality. The analysis of this study is based on the period after the publication of the international framework and its adoption by the International Reporting Committee of South Africa in 2014. Design/methodology/approach The companies sampled in this study are those listed on the Johannesburg Stock Exchange (JSE) from 2013 to 2015. The major factor driving the selection of this particular period was to not only analyse the existing IR practice but also investigate IR two years after King III came into force. The SDTI developed by Integrated Reporting and Assurance Services (IRAS) was used to analyse IR quality. Ordinary least squares regressions were analysed. The models include year and industry fixed effects. The variance inflation factor and its tolerance were used to test the severity of multi-collinearity. Also, alternative measures of IR quality and alternate model specifications were analysed to check the robustness of the results. Findings The authors find that quality of IR is associated with lower earnings forecast error. The evidence indicates that earnings forecast error is lower for firms in the materials sector of the South African economy. Consistent with prior research, the results also suggest that forecast errors are higher for companies with volatile returns and lower for larger firms. Additional analysis indicates that IR quality is positively associated with market liquidity. Overall, these findings support the virtues of IR, thus providing useful information to capital markets. Research limitations/implications The results obtained cannot be generalised to other jurisdictions. While the South African economy is the best setting to investigate IRs, new economies are also working actively on IR disclosures, so future research is likely to extend the literature in this field. Secondly, the availability of data constrained the sample size; however, this only mediates against finding any statistically significant result. While the IRAS database offers information about 324 JSE companies, Datastream covers only the 170 largest South African firms. In spite of the sample reduction, robust and consistent results are found in the market liquidity and analyst forecast accuracy proxies. Practical implications The sample period of this study (2013-2015) allows to understand disclosure behaviour after the international IR framework was published and endorsed by the JSE. The release of the IIRF gave clear guidance to firms regarding the nature and purpose of IR. Overall, the results obtained in this paper are consistent with IR expectations, thus providing useful information for investors and financial analysts. It is expected that the results might have practical implications for other nations about the cost and benefits of implementing integrated management reporting. Originality/value This paper contributes incrementally to the existing debate about whether disclosure information through IR has real benefits or is a passing fad. It examines the economic consequences of IR in a mandatory setting using an in-house ranking system, adapted to South Africa, designed by IRAS to determine IR quality. IRAS provides an SDTI that assesses the accuracy, consistency, completeness and reliability of quantitative data for 84 indicators based on IR and global reporting initiative aspects and subdivided into seven categories.
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Weideman, Jeanette, and Leonie Stander. "European and American Perspectives on the Choice of Law Regarding Cross-Border Insolvencies of Multinational Corporations – Suggestions for South Africa." Potchefstroom Electronic Law Journal/Potchefstroomse Elektroniese Regsblad 15, no. 5 (June 1, 2017): 133. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/1727-3781/2012/v15i5a2522.
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An increase in economic globalisation and international trade has amounted to an increase in the number of multinational enterprises that have debt, own assets and conduct business in various jurisdictions around the world. This, coupled with the recent worldwide economic recession, has inevitably caused the increased occurrence of multinational financial default, also known as cross-border insolvency (CBI). The legal response to this trend has, inter alia, produced two important international instruments that were designed to address key issues associated with CBI. Firstly, the United Nations Commission on International Trade Law (UNCITRAL) adopted the UNCITRAL Model Law on Cross-Border Insolvency (the Model Law) in 1997, which has been adopted by nineteen countries including the United States of America and South Africa. Secondly, the European Union (EU) adopted the European Council Regulation on Insolvency Proceedings (EC Regulation) in 2000. Both the EC Regulation and Chapter 15 adopt a “modified universalist” approach towards CBI matters. Europe and the United States of America are currently the world leaders in the area of CBI and the CBI legislation adopted and applied in these jurisdictions seems to be effective. As South Africa’s Cross-Border Insolvency Act is not yet effective, there is no local policy guidance available to insolvency practitioners with regard to the application of the Model Law. At the basis of this article is the view that an analysis of the European and American approaches to CBI matters will provide South African practitioners with valuable insight, knowledge and lessons that could be used to understand and apply the principles adopted and applied in terms of the EC Regulation and Chapter 15, specifically the COMI concept, the “establishment” concept in the case of integrated multinational enterprises and related aspects.
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Mama, Amina, and Margo Okazawa-Rey. "Militarism, Conflict and Women's Activism in the Global Era: Challenges and Prospects for Women in Three West African Contexts." Feminist Review 101, no. 1 (July 2012): 97–123. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/fr.2011.57.
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This article develops a feminist perspective on militarism in Africa, drawing examples from the Nigerian, Sierra Leonean and Liberian civil wars spanning several decades to examine women's participation in the conflict, their survival and livelihood strategies, and their activism. We argue that postcolonial conflicts epitomise some of the worst excesses of militarism in the era of neoliberal globalisation, and that the economic, organisational and ideological features of militarism undermine the prospects for democratisation, social justice and genuine security, especially for women, in post-war societies. Theorisations of ‘new wars’ and the war economy are taken as entry points to a discussion of the conceptual and policy challenges posed by the enduring and systemic cultural and material aspects of militarism. These include the contradictory ways in which women are affected by the complex relationship between gendered capitalist processes and militarism, and the manner in which women negotiate their lives through both. Finally, we highlight the potential of transnational feminist theorising and activism for strengthening intellectual and political solidarities and argue that the globalised military security system can be our ‘common context for struggle' 1 as contemporary feminist activist scholars. 1 Mohanty, 2003.
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Czenskowsky, Torsten, and Jan-Michael Böttcher. "Die wirtschaftlichen Auswirkungen der Piraterie auf die Schifffahrt." Der Betriebswirt: Volume 56, Issue 2 56, no. 2 (June 30, 2015): 10–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.3790/dbw.56.2.10.
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Heutzutage existiert Piraterie an vielen Orten und in vielen Formen auf der ganzen Welt. Der Grund dafür ist, dass kriminelle Organisationen erkannt haben, dass Lösegelderpressung oder Ladungsraub ein einträgliches Geschäft sein kann. Auch internationale Organisationen und nationale Regierungen haben diesen Trend erkannt und erwerben ein immer höheres Know-how, wie mit dieser Art der Bedrohung umzugehen ist, bzw. wie gegen diese vorgegangen werden kann. Auch Reedern und Schiffseignern ist bewusst geworden, dass ihre Schiffe jederzeit Ziel eines Piratenangriffes sein können, wenn sie sich in diesen gefährdeten Gebieten aufhalten. Aufgrund dessen wurden Maßnahmen ergriffen, um Schiffe, Ladungen und Besatzungen zu schützen. Dabei müssen die Reeder und Schiffseigner jedoch den Kostenrahmen beachten, weil sich die Transporte sonst nicht mehr rentieren oder die Preise für die Kunden zu hoch veranschlagt werden müssen. In recent years the worldwide threat of piracy has increased. Ransom or robbery charge can be a lucrative business. In this matter West Africa and Indonesia are currently the most vulnerable areas of the world. A disturbance of the sea transport streams causes economic damage and should therefore continue to be actively discouraged. International organizations and governments have recognized that. The military operations at the Horn of Africa effectively decreases the number of pirate attacks. Ship owners are also aware that their ships could be the target of a pirate attack at any time. They have taken steps to protect crew, ship and cargo. However, the ship owners need to consider the cost framework; otherwise the prices for the end customers will become too high. This article describes piracy in general and especially the economic aspects of this threat. Keywords: rechtsrahmen, nutzwertanalyse, imb pcr, gefährdungsgebiete
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Hany B. Moussa,, Mohamed, Fatma Abdul-AAL, and Hassan Mohamed Khair. "How Acquired Technical Skills Surpass Cognitive Personality Traits of PR Employees: A Case Study of Economy Hotels in Egypt." Athens Journal of Tourism 9, no. 3 (August 25, 2022): 129–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.30958/ajt.9-3-1.
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The hotel industry is one of the world’s oldest commercial industries (Bovin 2019). The industry is rapidly expanding, necessitating the assignment of tasks to skilled staff that will ensure client satisfaction. Hotel investment activities in African countries have lately increased (Ernst & Young 2013), and new hotel developments have become the fastest rising economic activity not just in Sub-Saharan Africa but also globally (Ernst & Young 2013). Human resource allocation in hotels refers to the assignment of hotel workers to service tasks, where staff can only be engaged for a certain amount of time due to labor laws. Human resource allocation requirements differ depending on the application area (Kayoko et al. 2011). The system’s success is frequently ascribed to how well it manages human resources. It is a critical issue in order to improve performance. When a task requires certain abilities, such as accounting skills, a human resource that handles the activity should have those skills in order to complete the assignment efficiently (Ernst et al. 2014). On the other hand, the impact of personality traits on employee job performance is undeniable, and many businesses take use of this effect. One of the most important psychological aspects influencing human behavior is personality. It is said to be crucial in the workplace. Personality qualities have an essential influence in improving an employee's job performance’s efficiency and are probably much weighted than technical ones. Personality traits are favorably connected with job success, and conscientiousness has attributes that directly correspond to job performance of employees with the highest weights, according to previous researches. It is the main objective of this paper to find out whether personalities traits from one side outweighs employees’ skills from the other side taking PR employees of economy hotels in Cairo as a sample for application and how could this contribute to the performance of the hotel. Keywords: attitudes, skills, cognitive personality traits, PR department, economy hotels, reputation and performance
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Sorensen, Lone. "Disrupting democracy: Democratization conflicts as performative struggles." Media, War & Conflict 13, no. 1 (August 27, 2019): 8–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1750635219870225.
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This article looks at disruptive political performance in the context of democratic transition. Disruptions take ownership of and re-present the past to evaluate and contest established forms of power in the post-transitional present. They thereby potentially engender conflict that can redirect the future path to consolidation. An illustrative case is the radical opposition party Economic Freedom Fighters’ (EFF’s) disruption of the South African State of the Nation Address in 2015, which descended into violence. The author adopts a mixed-methods approach that prioritizes interpretive analysis and thick description. An analysis of videos of the disruptive performance in parliament is complemented by investigation of its media coverage and the real-time public reaction on Twitter. She finds that the form of the performance engenders conflict; but performance is also its subject, for it seeks to expose the vacuum of democratic substance behind the regime’s masquerade of power. While the disruptive performance therefore serves an important accountability function, it simultaneously sets a problematic course for future democratic transition as it performs this function through moral essentialism. The South African case presents a particular type of disruption with specific functions and democratic implications. But it also demonstrates that a concern with the formal aspects of performance in general is a fruitful lens for considering the relation between observable form in processes of meaning-making, its political functions and the democratic change it can effect.
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Fokina, N. Yu. "ART COMMUNICATION IN BRANDING: ECONOMIC ASPECTS." Вестник Алтайской академии экономики и права 3, no. 5 2022 (2022): 482–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.17513/vaael.2236.
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Pineda, Victor Santiago, Stephen Meyer, and John Paul Cruz. "The Inclusion Imperative. Forging an Inclusive New Urban Agenda." Journal of Public Space 2, no. 4 (December 31, 2017): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5204/jps.v2i4.138.
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<p>Over the next 32 years, cities will shape virtually every aspect of global development, including the manner in which rights to housing, health, and education are won or wasted, implemented or ignored (Marcuse and Van Kempen, 2011; Sassen, 2011). The urban century can transform the productive capacity and outcomes of the estimated 400-600 million urban citizens who live with disabilities. This number is set to increase dramatically by 2050 when 66% of the global population will be living in cities (Acuto, 2013; Alger, 2013). Of the projected increase of 2.5 billion urban dwellers,<a title="" href="#_ftn1"><sup><sup>[1]</sup></sup></a> 15-20% are expected to be persons with disabilities.<a title="" href="#_ftn2">[2]</a> Well-planned cities have dramatically improved the social and economic outcomes for individuals with a range of disabilities, their families, and the larger communities they participate in. Well-planned cities take into consideration the widest range of needs and incorporate design standards that assume that a significant portion of the population may have difficulty seeing, hearing, or moving around without assistance.</p><p>A growing body of research now shows that the most pressing issue faced by millions of persons with disabilities worldwide is not their disability but rather social exclusion (Abendroth et al., 2015; Ahmmad et al., 2014; Al Qadi et al., 2012; Amedeo and Speicher, 1995; Anguelovski, 2013; Bezmez, 2013). Poor planning, and unregulated urban development can have devastating consequences for persons with disabilities. According to the United Nations CRPD Committee, “Without access to the physical environment, to transportation… and to other facilities and services open or provided to the public, persons with disabilities would not have equal opportunities for participation in their respective societies.”<a title="" href="#_ftn3">[3]</a> The committee also states that “Accessibility is a precondition for persons with disabilities to live independently and participate fully and equally in society.”<a title="" href="#_ftn4">[4]</a></p>Gender, ethnicity, and poverty, compound existing exclusions for persons with disabilities, limiting their access to opportunities.<div><br clear="all" /><hr align="left" size="1" width="33%" /><div><p class="Normal1"><a title="" href="#_ftnref1"><sup><sup>[1]</sup></sup></a> The proportion of the world’s urban population is expected to increase to approximately 57% by 2050. African Development Bank,<a href="/editor/%20http:/www.afdb.org/en/blogs/afdb-championing-inclusive-growth-across-africa/post/urbanization-in-africa-10143/"> http://www.afdb.org/en/blogs/afdb-championing-inclusive-growth-across-africa/post/urbanization-in-africa-10143/</a>.</p></div><div><p><a title="" href="#_ftnref2">[2]</a> Approximately 90% of this increase will be concentrated in African and Asian cities like Shenzhen, Karachi, Lagos, Guangzhou, Dhaka, Jakarta, and many others that have urbanized at a rate of 40-60% between 2000-2010</p></div><div><p><a title="" href="#_ftnref3">[3]</a> CRPD/C/GC/2</p></div><div><p><a title="" href="#_ftnref4">[4]</a> The International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination guarantees everyone the right of access to any place or service intended for use by the general public, such as transport, hotels, restaurants, cafes, theatres and parks (art. 5 (f)). Thus, a precedent has been established in the international human rights legal framework for viewing the right to access as a right per se.</p></div></div>
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Agthe, Johanna. "Religion in Contemporary East African Art." Journal of Religion in Africa 24, no. 1-4 (1994): 375–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157006694x00219.
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AbstractThis article describes three aspects of religious art in East Africa: firstly it examines the artists' personal attitude to and motivation by the Christian religion; secondly, it looks at Christian and Bible subjects in their paintings; and lastly it considers traditional religion and the newer independent churches as motifs. It draws on interviews with artists, their works in the collection of the Frankfurt Museum für Völkerkunde and a recent unpublished diploma study by Alois Krammer. 1
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MINDUR, Maciej. "Economic and transport aspects of the African Union." Scientific Journal of Silesian University of Technology. Series Transport 100 (September 30, 2018): 143–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.20858/sjsutst.2018.100.12.
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van Rooyen, I., and J. van Rooyen. "ECONOMIC ASPECTS OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN FLOWER INDUSTRY." Agrekon 37, no. 4 (December 1998): 541–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03031853.1998.9523529.
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Pienaar, Wessel. "Economic aspects of pipeline transport: a South African perspective." Suid-Afrikaanse Tydskrif vir Natuurwetenskap en Tegnologie 28, no. 2 (September 6, 2009): 119–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/satnt.v28i2.53.
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Pipeline transport is unique among modes of transport in that the pipe, which facilitates freight movement, is both the way and the vehicle, and it is permanently connected to terminals, which facilitate freight storage. This feature makes it the only mode of transport that does not require any materials or goods handling. In view of the facts that pipeline infrastructure is extremely capital intensive and that it has an unprecedented longevity, pipeline transport enjoys the highest level of economies of scale of all modes of transport. This economy is subject to steady and enduring high levels of demand. It is also the only mode of freight transport of which the operations do not require a return journey, whereby joint cost due to empty running is avoided. The commercial transport of crude oil and petroleum products by pipeline and the envisaged new investment in this mode of transport are receiving increased attention in South Africa. Transnet Pipelines recently obtained permission from the National Energy Regulator of South Africa (Nersa) to construct and operate a new 60-cm petroleum products pipeline 704 kilometres in length from Durban to Gauteng. In addition, the newly-formed Petroline consortium recently obtained permission to construct and operate a 30 cm petroleum products pipeline 199 kilometres in length from Maputo to Nelspruit, with an extension of 249 kilometres in length eventually to Kendal, where it can be linked up with the present Transnet pipeline network. The disadvantages of pipeline transport lie mainly in its extreme functional speciali sation and dependence upon sustained high-volume traffic. The initial cost of installation is high and justified only when both the demand and supply are guaranteed to continue for an indefi nite period. Despite the fact that tank ships run empty during return trips, pipeline transport can only compete with sea transport between the same origin and destination if the pipeline route is considerably shorter than the sea route, or where sea transport is subject to exceptional charges, such as heavy canal dues. The economic assessment of a pipeline necessitates the investigation of several alternatives in order to determine whether the project is justifiable in terms of the economic resources its commercial existence will require. Firstly, alternative locations of the pipeline may have to be compared. A second consideration is the size of the pipeline, since one with a larger diameter, and capable of handling a greater traffic volume, involves higher initial investment cost but lower costs for pumps and energy to propel the pumps. A third decision concerns the choice of pump technology. Most pumps are driven by electric motors, although diesel engines or gas turbines can also be used. A fourth important consideration is whether the refinery should be located at the beginning of the line (upstream, close to the oil field or the port of entry) or at the end of the line (downstream, close to the market). The fifth step in the economic evaluation is to compare the pipeline cost with the cost of the next best transport alternative, which is usually rail transport. If these investigations indicate that a pipeline promises to be technically feasible, financially viable and economically justified, detailed design of the pipeline may commence. In terms of market participants the supply of pipeline transport is the most highly concentrated of all freight transport modes. With a few exceptions, there is but one crude oil, one products and one natural gas pipeline connecting producing areas or refineries and areas of consumption. This high degree of monopoly results from declining unit costs with increases in capacity, so that the lowest costs are achieved by a concentration of output in a single pipeline. Therefore, pipeline operations that can fulfil entire market demands are pure natural monopolies. Where the distance between supply points (such as geographically separated oil fields or ports of entry) is far in relation to the delivery distance to the market area, such an area’s fuel demand can often be most efficiently fulfilled by two or more different pipeline operations. The clients of a common carrier are direct competitors in the wholesale fuel market, therefore they should bear full cost responsibility for the service rendered by the pipeline. Service below total cost to a client implies that it is subsidized by its competitors. The only instance when delivery can take place below total cost is when:the necessary spare capacity exists to accommodate the consignment (i.e. that the opportunity for another consignment to be delivered at full cost is not jeopardized);all the avoidable (i.e. short-run) costs are covered and some contribution to unavoidable (i.e. fi xed or long-run) costs is made; andthe consignment delivery would not have taken place at a price covering full costs.
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Lapčík, O. "Endocrinological aspects of dietary habits." Czech Journal of Food Sciences 22, No. 1 (November 16, 2011): 29–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/3404-cjfs.
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Dietary habits reflect both the recent economic possibilities and the cultural history of individual human populations. They may influence endocrine systems and thus affect the health of the respective populations in several manners: (1) People consuming exclusively local products may lack certain micronutrients. This is important especially in areas with low levels of iodine and/or selenium in the environment. Thyroid gland insufficiency resulting from the iodine deficiency was widespread in many areas of Central Europe until the introduction of iodine supplementation in the second half of 20<sup><sup>th</sup> </sup>century. Iodine deficiency is still a serious problem in many areas of Africa and Asia. (2) Numerous cultural plants contain compounds able to influence important metabolic pathways. Iodine deficiency is usually worsened by thyroidal peroxidase inhibitors, so-called goitrogens. Phenolic and terpenoid compounds may interfere in the metabolism of steroid hormones. Glycyrrhetinic acid from licorice is a potent inhibitor of 11-beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase. Isoflavonoids from legumes (e.g. genistein and daidzein) and their metabolites (e.g. equol) were found to inhibit the following enzymes: aromatase, 5alfa-reductase, 7alfa-hydroxylase, 3beta-hydroxysteroid and 17beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases, etc. Isoflavonoid sulphates influence local availability of steroids by inhibiting sterol sulphatases. (3) Plant-derived compounds are able to interact with nuclear receptors and act either as hormone agonists or as antagonists. Recently, the attention has been paid namely to the phenolic substances interacting with oestrogen receptors so-called phyto-oestrogens.
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Matiza, Vimbai. "African Traditional Art Forms, Democratic Governance and Economic Growth in Zimbabwe." Southern African Journal for Folklore Studies 27, no. 2 (February 8, 2018): 55–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.25159/1016-8427/3184.
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The article seeks to explore the role of African oral traditional art forms and governance in Zimbabwe for economic development. African philosophies, embedded in oral literature were part and parcel of the people’s life. Everybody participated in the activities that affected them in society. Thus African peoples used oral literature, which is dependent on the performer who formulates it on a specific occasion—this forms part of issues of governance. Some problems, which people, and Zimbabweans in particular are facing, emanate from colonialism, and have led them to believe that they had no culture or anything to shape their way of thinking. These problems have always been there, and people had a way of circumventing them through the philosophies that were embedded in their oral art forms. It is against this backdrop that the researcher seeks to explore the place of oral art forms; which include proverbs, riddles, folktales among others; and governance as vehicles to drive economic growth in Zimbabwe. The article is based on a conceptual method of study, where examples of oral art forms used have been taken from various speech communities in Africa. The researcher’s arguments are guided by the Afrocentricapproach and the discussion establishes that issues of democracy and governance were part and parcel of indigenous people’s way of doing things, in a bid to achieve economic growth in their societies.
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Kopteva, Lyudmila, Lyudmila Shabalina, and Artur Budagov. "Certain aspects of African countries food security provision." E3S Web of Conferences 210 (2020): 03009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202021003009.
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Analysis of the African countries food security demonstrate significant aggravation of the situation in several countries to the south of the Sahara. Conflicts, social inequality, high level of poverty against the background of a rapid population growth, unfavorable climatic conditions as well as ineffective government policy in the field of providing the population with foodstuff were determined as the main causes of population undernourishment. In Africa, due to low incomes of the population, most of the food ration consists of cereals and a small part of meat, fish and dairy products. It was revealed that African countries are the net importers of foodstuff, with cereals accounting for the largest part of imports. It was noted that international experts forecast foodstuff and fodder demand increase in these countries. It was defined the African region can potentially become one of the promising sales markets for Russian producers of grain crops and agricultural products. The results of the study are aimed at overcoming the problem of starvation, economic backwardness and improving the living standards of the African continent population, as well as developing an economic toolkit for the interaction of the Russian Federation with African countries.
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Tarasov, Vladimir I. "ECONOMIC ASPECTS OF DISTRIBUTION OF AFRICAN SWINE FEVER AND ITS ELIMINATION." Economy, labor, management in agriculture, no. 11 (2020): 103–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.33938/2011-103.
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Adom, Dickson. "African Art and Culture: A Tool for the Social, Political and Economic Development of Africa." International Journal of Development Strategies in Humanities, Management and Social Sciences 12, no. 1 (January 12, 2022): 58–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.48028/iiprds/ijdshmss.v12.i1.06.
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The cultural and artistic productions of Africa have various dimensions that emphasize the pivotal role art plays in the development of societies. This justifies why art and societal living and progression are intertwined. This article explains the influence of art in the social, political, and economic development of African societies.
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Richards, Colin. "About face: Aspects of art history and identity in South African visual culture." Third Text 5, no. 16-17 (September 1991): 101–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09528829108576329.
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Berman, Kim, and Janis Sarra. "A Visual Conversation From South Africa: Climate Resilience and Hope for a Green Recovery." Educational Research for Social Change 10, no. 2 (September 12, 2021): 1–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/2221-4070/2021/v10i2a5.
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As the world copes with two parallel catastrophic events-climate change and COVID-19, this article examines how visual art students in South Africa used the pandemic period to imagine a better world, a green economic recovery, and a closer connection with nature and biodiversity. The visual conversation that this new generation of artists created provides a lens for engaging with a world in change. They generate inspirational and resourceful ideas, calling on us to be participatory and inclusive as a fundamental aspect of being human, evoking imagination to create alternative visions in collaboration with others. New understandings through visual research can provide a foundation for developing collective strategies toward economic and social security, and flourishing individually and as community.
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Rozwadowski, Andrzej. "From Central Asia to South Africa: In Search of Inspiration in Rock Art Studies." Werkwinkel 12, no. 1 (June 27, 2017): 19–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/werk-2017-0002.
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Abstract The paper describes the story of discovering South African rock art as an inspiration for research in completely different part of the globe, namely in Central Asia and Siberia. It refers to those aspect of African research which proved to importantly develop the understanding of rock art in Asia. Several aspects are addressed. First, it points to importance of rethinking of relationship between art, myth and ethnography, which in South Africa additionally resulted in reconsidering the ontology of rock images and the very idea of reading of rock art. From the latter viewpoint particularly inspiring appeared the idea of three-dimensionality of rock art ‘text’. The second issue of South African ‘origin,’ which notably inspired research all over the world, concerns a new theorizing of shamanism. The paper then discusses how and to what extent this new theory add to the research on the rock art in Siberia and Central Asia.
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Konovalov, Denis A. "Political and Economic Aspects of Symbolic Violence (On the Example of Modern African Dictatorship)." Herald of Omsk University. Series: Historical Studies 7, no. 1 (25) (July 7, 2020): 114–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.24147/2312-1300.2020.7(1).114-124.
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The article is devoted to the study of modern African dictatorship in the context of the political and economic aspects of symbolic violence. The main characteristics of the symbolic system of economic violence are formulated. The role of the institutional environment in the context of the reproduction of African dictatorship from the perspective of symbolic violence is shown.
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Ledeneva, Marina Viktorovna, and Tatyana Alekseevna Plaksunova. "Economic growth and prospects for economic development of African countries southward Sahara." Теоретическая и прикладная экономика, no. 2 (February 2020): 129–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.25136/2409-8647.2020.2.32732.
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This article is dedicated to analysis of the process of economic growth and development in African countries southward Sahara – the least industrializes region of the world. The main prerequisites for industrialization and economic growth in of African countries southward Sahara are the high urbanization ratios: the growing number of workforce, their qualification level, high portion of youth within the population structure, expanding domestic market, growing middle class, de-escalation of internal political confrontations and attenuation of cross-country armed conflicts, advancement of digital technologies. The information and empirical basis is comprised of the data of the United Nations Industrial Development Organization and the World Bank. The scientific novelty consists in determination of the points of growth in Africa southwards Sahara by means of application of the methods of statistical data analysis. The authors analyze the indicators of economic growth and industrialization of African countries southward Sahara, substantiate the increasing role of this region for the global economy. The article reveals spatial aspects of industrialization of African countries and allocation of the industrial production. The authorities of African countries must manage the industrialization processes, namely focus on the development of infrastructure, improvement of investment climate, transparency of legislation, reduction of administrative expenses for businesses, reduction of corruption, and prevention of armed conflicts. The regional integration would contribute to solution of the aforementioned issues. The key vectors in cooperation of African countries southward Sahara and Russia are the areas of oil extraction, energy sphere, information and communication technologies, and agriculture.
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Firmansyah, Imam. "Study of Art Plaza Circulation Theory and Shape of Art Plaza." Journal La Multiapp 1, no. 1 (February 6, 2020): 36–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.37899/journallamultiapp.v1i1.48.
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The circulation system is a vital linking infrastructure that connects various activities and uses land on an area and inside a building that considers functional, economic, flexibility and comfort aspects. The explanation of this theory emphasizes the uniqueness of the building itself. So that there are various shapes of buildings in an effort to adjust to environmental conditions, climate, and natural surroundings. As a result, the resulting building has a special shapeation in accordance with the idea of an architect.
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McNaughton, Patrick. "Agency in artistry: comments on ‘Art and the individual in African masquerades’." Africa 88, no. 4 (November 2018): 824–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0001972018000487.
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Understanding masquerade performance is a difficult challenge because so many dimensions of expressive culture come together. There are questions of performer ambiguity and secret expertise, the confounding relationships between secular and spiritual, the many aspects of secrecy, and the involvement of higher powers. There is also the basic question of what a performance is supposed to accomplish, and the most fundamental issue of individual identity and agency.
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Magliveras, Konstantinos, and Gino Naldi. "The free movement of people in Africa as a human right and as an economic right: From the African Charter to the African Economic Community Protocol of 2018." African Human Rights Law Journal 22, no. 1 (August 11, 2022): 1–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/1996-2096/2022/v22n1a1.
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The right to freedom of movement of persons in a state is recognised by article 12 of the African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights as a fundamental human right but, more generally, freedom of movement is also exercised in the context of continental economic integration, a crucial norm in economic integration projects. Not long after the entry into force of the African Charter in 1986, the first steps towards economic integration were taken, and the freedom of movement was enshrined in the Treaty Establishing the African Economic Community. As the AEC lost steam, the African Commission on Human and Peoples' Rights upheld the right to unhindered trans-border freedom of human mobility and curtailed attempts by states to interfere with it. In 2018 the adoption of the Protocol to the AEC Treaty on the free movement of persons manifested in an unambiguous manner the economic aspects of this human right. This article reviews the relevant African Union instruments on the free movement of persons and examines the relevant decisions issued by the African Commission. It also explains how the human rights aspects of the freedom of movement closely interact with its economic features and the importance that an expansive and properly drafted prohibition of discrimination has in securing that human mobility on the continent will not be compromised.
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Iheme, Williams C., and Sanford U. Mba. "Coping with the Covid-19 pandemic: A comparative study of the capabilities of the Kenyan and Nigerian insolvency frameworks." Journal of Corporate and Commercial Law & Practice, The 6, no. 2 (2020): 112–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.47348/jccl/v6/i2a4.
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The Covid-19 pandemic has undeniably ravaged the global economy and plunged many countries in Africa, including Kenya and Nigeria into an economic recession. This article departs from the premise that credit is the lifeblood of market systems. Accordingly, the credit and insolvency laws of both countries must be adjusted in certain ways during and after the pandemic, in order to enable them to cope with the dire economic challenges resulting from the pandemic. The article identifies some material defects in the Insolvency Act 2015 (Kenya) and the Companies and Allied Matters Act 2020 (Nigeria), and argues that these defects will debilitate a meaningful economic recovery from the pandemic. The paper shows the lack of suitability of their existing insolvency frameworks, as well as some aspects of the public law: it proposes a number of tailor-made recommendations that benefitted from the experiences of certain other common law jurisdictions.
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Esanu, Octavian. "What was Contemporary Art?" ARTMargins 1, no. 1 (February 2012): 5–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/artm_a_00003.
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This article contributes to a recent debate around the question “What Is Contemporary Art?” It brings into discussion certain key aspects of the activities of the Soros Centers for Contemporary Art (SCCA)—a network of contemporary art centers established by the Open Society Institute in Eastern Europe during the 1990s. The author draws upon distinctions between this new type of art institution and the Union of Artists (the organizations which represented the interests of artists under socialism), highlighting distinct artistic, aesthetic and economic characteristics of each institutional model.
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Mamokhere, John. "China’s engagements on the african continent: interrogating its true mission and objectives on the continent." Business and Management Review 11, no. 02 (December 15, 2020): 134–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.24052/bmr/v11nu02/art-16.
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China’s engagement(s) throughout the African continent has met with mixed reactions from academics, politicians, civil society, and interest groups. In that regards, this paper questions the link between China-Africa, if this is a new form of colonialism or is China kind to the continent. Thus, this paper examines whether the debates regarding the nature of the China-Africa relations can be qualified or categorized as a new form of colonialism approach or not. Also, the paper analyzes the perception of academics, politicians, civil society and interested groups about the implications towards the China-Africa economic cooperation and explains whether China is taking advantage of the weak African states in the name of South-South cooperation or playing the role of a contemporary substitute of the old colonial system. The paper has adopted an Afrocentricity theory as a lens sometimes referred as a theory of social change that is initiated and better clarified by Asante Molefi Kete (1980 and 2003). Afrocentricity is an approach to the study of world history that focuses on the history of people of recent African descent. To achieve the aims of this paper, the author(s) benefited from Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) of secondary data covering China’s economic engagements in Africa. Conceptually, it is found that China has a large influence in Zambia over the mining industry. It is affirmed that China’s investments in the mining sector control over 88%. Therefore, it is concluded in this paper that China’s presence on the African continent presents equal opportunities (economic development, e.g., employment creation) and threats (loss of Sovereignty, employment exploitation). Thereafter, this paper recommends that African governments should be pro-active in order to exploit the potential opportunities. The paper also recommends that there should be an economic win-win cooperation as per China’s African Policy (2006), which implies that there should be a mutual benefit.
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Swigert-Gacheru, Margaretta. "Globalizing East African Culture: From Junk to jua kali Art." Perspectives on Global Development and Technology 10, no. 1 (2011): 127–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156914911x555152.
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AbstractDespite Africa’s experience of economic decline, poverty, political instability and disease, keen observers of the cultural landscape have reckoned that cultural productivity in the region is on the rise, leading scholars to refer to the phenomenon as an African Renaissance. This is particularly the case in Kenya where a contemporary art movement is flourishing through both local art worlds and global networks. But the question remains: how in the midst of poverty and political instability can there be so much cultural productivity? Based on field research involving participant observation and interviews with more than 200 artists and cultural workers in Kenya’s capital city, I argue that it is largely due an ‘emergent cultural practice’given the Kiswahili term jua kali. By virtue of jua kali artists ‘making do’ with minimal resources and maximum ingenuity, imagination, originality and entrepreneurial acumen, they are creating art forms or bricolage, which has been largely ignored by art historians, sociologists, and even African scholars. Using jua kali tactics or ‘makeshift creativity,’ artists appropriate art materials, production space, skills training and even marketing sites. The clearest evidence of jua kali ingenuity is what Kenyan artists call ‘junk art’ made from global garbage garnered from local dump sites and junk yards, and then recycled into original works of art, thus reflecting global flows. This genre of contemporary African art has entered what Appadurai calls the mediascape and defies the stereotypical myths of ‘tribal art’ and ‘the primitive other’. These hegemonic myths still pervade most Western art markets, but jua kali artists—members of Kenya’s rising ‘creative class’—are striving to debunk them by their works with increasing success.
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Zhiznin, S. Z., and V. M. Timokhov. "Geopolitical and Economic Aspects of Nuclear Energy." MGIMO Review of International Relations, no. 4(43) (August 28, 2015): 64–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.24833/2071-8160-2015-4-43-64-73.
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Nuclear power in its present form was created during the Cold War and is its heritage. The main objective of nuclear energy at that time, along with energy, was the creation and accumulation of nuclear materials. To this aim a existing nuclear power plants based on uranium-plutonium cycle. Everything else - the processing of radioactive waste and spent nuclear fuel, storage, recycling themselves nuclear power plant after its end of life, the risks of proliferation of nuclear materials and other environmental issues - minor. It was also believed that the nuclear power plant - the most reliable and safe plant. During the last twenty years all over the world the number of new orders for nuclear aggregates has decreased. That happens for a number of reasons, including public resistance, that the construction of new NPP and the excess of energy utilities in many markets, which is mainly connected with high market competition in energy markets and low economic indicators of the current nuclear utilities. The technology that consists of low capital costs, a possibility for quick construction and guarantied exploitation quality is on the winners side, but currently this technology is absent. However, despite abovementioned downsides, as the experience of state corporation "Rosatom"has shown, many developing countries of the South-east Asia, The middle East, African regions express high interest in the development of nuclear energy in their countries. The decision whether to develop nuclear energy or to continue to develop is, in the end, up to the choice of the tasks that a country faces. The article describes these "minor" issues, as well as geopolitical and economic problems of the further development of nuclear energy.
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Shcherbyna, V. S., and V. V. Bodnar. "SOME ASPECTS OF THE APPEAL IN ECONOMIC JUDICIAL PROCEEDINGS." Economics and Law, no. 1 (April 15, 2021): 3–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/econlaw.2021.01.003.
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The issues of organizational changes that the courts of appellate instance have undergone, as well as the content of the norms of economic procedural legislation, which enshrine the features of appellate proceedings. The peculiarities of appellate proceedings as an independent stage of economic litigation are considered, which include the following: a) an appeal is filed against a decision of a court of first instance that has not entered into force; b) review of court decisions on appeal is carried out by the courts of appeal; c) the right to appeal has the participants, as well as persons who did not participate in the case, if the court has decided on their rights, interests and (or) responsibilities; d) the appeal is filed directly with the court of appeal; e) the subject of review of the case by the court of appellate instance is the verification of the legality and validity of the decision of the court of first instance; f) the limits of review of the case in the court of appeal, as a rule, are limited by the arguments and requirements of the appeal; g) in the court of appellate instance cases are reviewed according to the rules of consideration of cases in the order of simplified claim proceedings, taking into account the features provided by the Code. It is proposed in order to avoid (reduce) cases of unfounded filing of appeals to supplement Art. 254 Code of Economic Procedure of Ukraine norm on the grounds of appeal of court decisions such as defined in Part 2 of Art. 287 of the Code of Economic Procedure of Ukraine on the grounds of cassation appeal. It is noted that the current version of the Code of Economic Procedure of Ukraine does not contain rules that would determine what procedural actions and within what period the appellate court should take to recover the case from the court of first instance, and during what period the court of first instance should consider the case her appellate court. Arguments are made against the use by courts of the so-called "procedural analogy" in cases. Other proposals are being made to improve the current procedural legislation.
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Medushevsky, Nikolay A., Liudmila A. Pechishcheva, and Alisa R. Shishkina. "AFRICAN VECTOR IN INDIA’S FOREIGN POLICY STRATEGY IN THE 21ST CENTURY (POLITICAL AND ECONOMIC ASPECTS)." RSUH/RGGU Bulletin. Series Political Sciences. History. International Relations, no. 3 (2022): 46–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.28995/2073-6339-2022-3-46-59.
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The research article is concerned with the mechanisms of cooperation between India and African countries in the latest historical period. The international support that India has provided to many African countries over the decades underscores the political commitment of the Indian leadership to speak on behalf of the nations of the global South. The government of Narendra Modi focuses on the common historical struggle of Indians and Africans against the colonial powers, as on the importance of developing cooperation in the politics, economy, energy, education, culture and humanitarian issues. The parties are interested in developing new approaches to environmental protection, and closely cooperate within the framework of the UN mechanism for sustainable development, actively participating in the formation and discussion of the climate agenda. Three successful Africa-India summits (in 2008, 2011 and 2015) showed a common interest in expanding the nature and areas of interaction. Moreover, India, experiencing an acute need for primary energy resources and minerals, sees in Africa not only a potential supplier of those resources, but also a capacious market for its products. In pursuit of all the interests mentioned, India, on the way of cooperation with African countries, often encounters the unpreparedness of African colleagues for direct dialogue, as well as opposition from other major players operating in the region. Among them, the UK and China play a key role. The authors come to the conclusion that at present India has a clear and comprehensive strategy for promoting its interests in Africa and considers the continent as a strategic one. At the same time, a large number of the variables associated with a specific process of interaction and regional development remain in the system of cooperation between India and African countries.
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Dickerman, Leah. "Aaron Douglas and Aspects of Negro Life." October 174 (December 2020): 126–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/octo_a_00411.
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In 1934, Aaron Douglas created an epic four-panel mural series, Aspects of Negro Life (1934), for the branch library on 135th Street in Manhattan, now the Schomburg Center for Research in Black Culture. The panels answered a call, issued by the first major program for federal support of the arts in the United States, to represent “an American scene.” In them, Douglas traced the trajectory of African American history in four stages and across two mass migrations: from Africa into enslavement in America; through Emancipation and Reconstruction; into the modern Jim Crow South; and then northward with the Great Migration to Harlem itself. The narrative Douglas constructed was remarkable in both its historical sweep and as a story of America seen through Black eyes. This essay explores how Douglas's approach to the trenchant and understudied Aspects of Negro Life panels was shaped by rich conversations across a decade-about what it meant to be Black in America, how the “African” in “African-American” was to be understood, and what a distinctly African-American modernism might be-with an interdisciplinary nexus of thinkers, activists, and artists that included W. E. B. Du Bois; a co-founder of the NAACP and co-editor of the Crisis, sociologist Charles S. Johnson; poet-activist James Weldon Johnson; bibliophile Arturo Schomburg; and philosopher-critic Alain Locke. Looking at Douglas's visual narrative in this context offers insight into how parallel practices of archive-building, art making, history writing, and criticism came together not only to shape a vision of America but also to champion a model of Black modernism framed through diaspora.