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1
Htike, Thaung. "Some aspects of the cattle economy of Burma : 1948 to 1984." Thesis, Canberra, ACT : The Australian National University, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/131911.
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Agriculture is still the main stay of the Burmese
economy and the livestock sub-sector is an integral part of the
agricultural sector. Use of draught cattle , which is the main
source of power , is significantly related to the intensity of
cultivation. Livestock are maintained by small farmers as part of
mixed farming , in this way these two sectors are complementary
and inter-dependent.
The main objective of this study is to examine the
aspects of the cattle economy of Burma since independence and the
consequences of State policy in this field. Much has been done in
the agricultural sector since independence, especially beginning
from the early 1960s and effects have started to become
noticeable since the late 1970s.
The livestock sector is targeted to increase at an
average annual growth rate of 5.34 percent in net value of output
(at constant 1969-70 prices) during the Twenty - Year Plan (1974-75
to 1993-94). However, actual growth rate during the first decade
(1974 - 75 to 1983 - 84 ) was 4.49 percent , less than the desired
rate . Growth of agriculture has been substantial and growth in
numbes of draught cattle though higher in recent decades than in
the past is still not sufficient , because of the dispersion of
land among the peasants. During the past decade, as the rate of
expansion draught cattle was faster than that of total sown area,
average sown area per yoke has been declining.
Percapita consumption of meat is fairly low and
percapita consumption of milk is very low, in fact lowest in the Asian region. To improve the situation, the State has been
encouraging individuals and organizations to take up and or
improve animal rearing for milk production. A milk processing
plant is being established with Australian aid.
Recent policy initiatives (since the late 1970s)
and establishment of a separate Ministry of Livestock Breeding
and Fisheries (in 1983) including initiatives like livestock
insurance and loan schemes, the milk processing plant and
improved breeding programmes should help to improve performance
of the sector. Due to constraints of data availability this study
has been restricted to an overall view of the sector°s
performance . Periodic indepth studies of the sector (with
appropriate data base) will help in identification of bottlenecks
and formulation of appropriate corrective policy.
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Adam, Katherine. "The future of farm animal practice in a changing veterinary business landscape." Thesis, Royal Veterinary College (University of London), 2015. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.669189.
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Henderson, Marilyn. "Some aspects of the production of cashmere fibre from nonselected Australian feral goats." Title page, contents and forward only, 1990. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phh497.pdf.
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Includes bibliographical references (leaves 246-280) and index. Deals with the domestication of the goat and the history of the cashmere industry; investigates fibre physiology and production in general; and gives a detailed account of skin histology and fibre production of goats with particular reference to the cashmere-bearing animal; followed by research related to cashmere fibre production
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Marufu, Madure. "Socio-economic importance, health and welfare aspects of donkeys (Equus asinus) used for carting in a peri-urban area of South Africa." Thesis, University of Fort Hare, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10353/d1019781.
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The broad objective of the study was to determine the socio-economic importance, health and welfare aspects of donkeys used for carting in a peri-urban area. A survey was conducted among 71 donkey owners in Joza, a peri-urban area near Grahamstown in the Eastern Cape Province (ECP) of South Africa to investigate their perceptions on socio-economic importance, health and welfare aspects of donkeys used for transport. Two hundred and seventy-one donkeys used for carting were assessed through direct observation of health and behaviour parameters to determine their welfare status. Results revealed that donkeys are indeed of immense value to people, being used daily (54.93%) for income generation activities and at least once per month (7.08%) for domestic chores. Most of the respondents (32%) earned R 600.00 per week while 11% earned at least R 200.00 per week from carting using donkeys. Donkeys were used for carting of goods (90.14%) more than for manure (16.9%). Gender and age of owners significantly (P < 0.05) influence perceptions on source of income while education level influenced their perceptions on carting firewood, goods and water. Results on management practices and health problems encountered by working donkeys showed that most of the owners managed their animals poorly. Most donkeys were being beaten (74.65%) during work, made to travel long distances (43.66%), worked long hours (52.11%) without adequate water (59.10%) and feed supplements (83.10%). Wounds (95.97%), coughing (75.65%) and lameness (64.79%) were some of the health problems encountered by donkeys. Significant relationships (P ˂ 0.05) were observed between owners’ perceptions on management practices and health problems encountered by donkeys. Among the observed animals, 61% were thin and mostly apathetic (26.2%) than medium and fat animals. Responses to observer approaches were significantly associated with sex and body condition score (BCS), with stallions in good body condition being more aggressive. Donkeys having a BCS of 3-5 avoided chin contact either by kicking out or moving away. Results further showed that most of the donkeys were suffering from external injuries, with the hindquarters (39.85%), shoulder (32.10%) and spine (21.77%) being the mostly affected areas. The prevalence of wounds on tail-base, belly, flank and neck were seen in less than 13% of the animals. The prevalence of wounds was influenced by age and BCS of the animals. Young donkeys with good BCS were less affected than old donkeys. Lameness, poor coat condition, external parasites, abnormal mucous membrane and dental problems were observed in less than 30% of the animals. It was concluded that donkeys play a pivotal role economically and socially to the livelihoods of people in a peri-urban area (Joza) in terms of income generation and transportation. However, these animals are experiencing multiple health and welfare problems. Therefore, more access to veterinary services, training on donkey use and management, health and welfare promotion programs are of paramount importance in solving the problem of poor health and welfare in donkeys.
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Silbert, Michele Sue 1960. "Mesquite pod utilization for livestock feed: An economic development alternative in central Mexico." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/291526.
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In central Mexico's semi-arid highlands, mesquite (Prosopis spp.) pods are utilized for food and livestock feed. In 1975, a union of 53 rural communities opened a storage and processing facility for mesquite pods. A study of the operation and the regional collection, sales, and use of mesquite was conducted to evaluate the industry's potential. Twenty-six communities were visited, and formal interviews were held with 35 subsistence farmers, 12 mesquite feed dealers, eight large-scale ranchers, and members of the mesquite union. The effect of climatic factors on mesquite pod harvests was analyzed. The study examined opportunity costs for land and labor and the costs and returns of improvements to the operation. The mesquite facility has increased income production for rural farmers and provided a local source of nutritious livestock feed. Potential improvements to the industry include pest control, production of mixed feeds, improved management, and marketing. Similar operations could succeed in areas with dense mesquite woodlands, a history of pod collection and use, and a need for seasonal income production.
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Alarcón, Pablo López. "Optimizing post-weaning multi-systemic wasting syndrome control taking into account economics aspects and management of information in decision making by farmers." Thesis, Royal Veterinary College (University of London), 2012. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.572446.
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Manjengwa, George Munyaradzi. "Animal traction and small-scale farming : a Stellenbosch case study." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/6542.
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Thesis (MPhil)--University of Stellenbosch, 2011.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The main aim of this case study was to research the impact of the introduction of oxen for draught power on Eric Swarts’ Stellenbosch farm. The research objectives were designed to find out if the oxen helped to improve the quality of the soil, to determine their cost-effectiveness (compared to a tractor) and other social and managerial constraints and benefits associated with using them and also to make recommendations for small-scale farmers in developing countries. The literature review revealed that human society faces many serious sustainability challenges from ecosystem degradation and global warming, to massive poverty and social inequality. The global population is growing against a background of decreasing agricultural productivity due to degraded soils and the increased costs of farming. The adoption of farming methods that enhance ecosystem services and depend less on external inputs is therefore essential. Animal traction is still widely used among small-scale farmers in developing countries, but lacks policy and investment support to make it more efficient. There are currently widespread negative opinions about animal traction which regard it as a backward or old-fashioned technology. This research investigated the possibility of animal traction emerging as an affordable, environmentallyfriendly and appropriate technology for small-scale farming. The research is a case study with a qualitative, ethnographic research design in which participant observation was key in gathering research data. A cost-benefit analysis (CBA) was carried out to compare the cost-effectiveness of using oxen to either hiring or buying a tractor. The findings showed that oxen were a more cost-effective means of draught power than a tractor, not only in terms of capital costs but also maintenance and operational costs. The manure from the oxen was both an effective way of supplying crops with essential nutrients and improving soil biodiversity. The introduction of the oxen presented some challenges to the farmer concerning knowledge about how animals work and other managerial challenges, but these were overcome by learning through practice. It was found that the farmer will be able to make significant savings in soil-amendment costs and he can control the quality of the manure to suit his needs. It was concluded that small-scale farmers who choose animal traction over tractors as a means of draught power will realise many advantages in return.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die hoof doelwit van dié gevallestudie was om die impak van die ingebruikneming van osse as trekkrag op Eric Swarts se plaas te Stellenbosch na te vors. Die navorsingsteikens was ontwerp om uit te vind of die beeste gehelp het om die kwaliteit van die grond te verbeter, om hul lonendheid vas te stel (in vergelyking met ’n trekker) asook ander sosiale en bestuursbeperkings en -voordele wat met hul gebruik geassosieer word en ook met voorstelle vir kleinskaalboere in ontwikkelende lande voorendag te kom. Die literatuuroorsig navorsing het ontbloot dat die menslike samelewing met vele volhoubaarheidsuitdagings vanaf ekosistemiese agteruitgang en aardverhitting, tot swaar armoedigheid en sosiale ongelykhede gekonfronteer word. Die wêreld bevolking groei steeds ten spyte van die afname in landboukundige produktiwiteit as gevolg van verlaagde grondkwaliteit en die toenemende landboukoste. Die ingebruikneming van landboumetodes wat ekosistemiese dienste verhoog en minder staatmaak op eksterne insette is dus noodsaaklik. Dieretrekking word steeds algemeen in ontwikkelende landebenut, maar dit ontbreek beleids- en beggingsondersteuning om dit meer doeltreffend te maak. Daar is tans algemeen verbreide negatiewe sienswyse oor dieretrekksag wat dit as agterlike en oudmodiese tegnologie beskou. Dié navorsing het ondersoek ingestel om die moontlikheid van dieretrekking as ’n bekostigbare, omgewingsvriendelike en passende tegnologie vir kleinskaalboerdery vas te stel. Die navorsing is’n gevallestudie met kwalitatiwe, etnografiese navorsingsontwerp waarin deelnemerwaarneming kern is tot die insameling van data. ’n Kostewinsteanalise (KWA) was uitgevoer om die lonenheid van beeste te vergelyk met dié van of die huur of die koop van ’n trekker. Die bevindings het getoon dat beeste ’n lonender wyse van trekkrag as trekkers is, nie net in terme van kapitale koste nie, maar ook onderhouds en bedryfskoste. Die beesmis was beide ’n doeltreffende manier om die gevasse van nodige voedingstowwe te voorsien asook om grondbiodiversiteit te verbeter. Die ingebruikneming van beeste het sekere uitdagings vir die boere ingehou in verband met die kennis van hoe diere werk en ander bestuursuitdagings, maar dié was oorkom deur onderrig uit ondervinding. Daar was bevind dat die boer beduidende besparings kan maak aan grondaanvullingskoste hierdie jaar en dat hy die kwaliteit van die beesmis kan beheer om sy behoeftes dien. Die slotsom is dat kleinskaalboere wat kies om dieretrekking eerder as trekkers as trekkrag te gebruik, sal vele voordele hê.
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Gilbert, James Burkhart. "Animals and morality." Thesis, McGill University, 1992. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=56924.
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This thesis examines questions concerning the place of animals within our moral thought. In particular it is an investigation of the rationale behind extending our ethical systems to encompass the inclusion of animals. The thesis begins with a presentation of a general framework defining rights and their relationship to obligations. It then includes an assessment of whether or not animals, according to the general framework, can properly be called rights bearers. In order to do this, the questions of whether or not animals have value independent of their value to human beings and whether or not animals have interests are examined.Though the thesis concerns itself with animals it is not merely an examination of animal rights. In order to investigate fully the place of animals within our moral thought, many concepts which are central to ethics such as "rights", "equality", "value", and "affinity" are examined. The thesis concludes with the implications its findings have on human actions.
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Suutari, T. (Tero). "Economic aspects in education." Master's thesis, University of Oulu, 2015. http://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi:oulu-201504021231.
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Leading theme in this master’s thesis is adaptation and preparation to ever changing requirements of skills and knowledge in the working life. These changes of requirements in the working life are implied by the changes in the occupational structure in Finland that is presented in the thesis. The data used in thesis to show the changes in the occupational structure in Finland Finnish Longitudinal Employer-Employee Data, FLEED, which is gathered by Statistics Finland and it shows changes in occupational structure of Finland between years 1995 and 2007. Education is considered in this thesis so that its object is to prepare children and future generations for working life with suitable skills and knowledge. The variety of other, equally important, objects that education has and possibly contradictions as well as problems that might arise in the course of achieving all the objects is beyond of this study. Changing occupational structure arises a question that how education prepares itself to the unknown changes? To answer the question asked, I will introduce Economics of education and Educational planning and how these two relate to each other, especially how economics of education has affected education and educational planning. Therefore I will first take historical review of the economics of education and introduce two main theories; human capital theory and screening theory. The main difference of these two will be explained and also what kind of difference it would make to education if either one could be proved right. It would also have an effect on how education should be arranged in the society. Educational planning has had, in its course, different approaches to analyze and predict future. I will review those approaches; also these approaches have been influenced by economics of education. In the last part of the thesis I bring up studies in Finland has tried to prepare and project changing work life. Also I discuss about can education bring something new to economics of educationTämän Pro gradu-tutkielman johtava teema on mukautuminen ja valmistautuminen muuttuviin vaatimuksiin tiedoista ja taidoista työelämässä. Ammattirakenteen muutos Suomessa viittaa siihen että vaatimukset erilaisille tiedoille ja taidoille työelämässä on tapahtumassa. Aineisto ammattirakenteen muutoksesta on Tilastokeskuksen yhdistetty työntekijä-työnantaja-aineisto (Finnish Longitudinal Employer-Employee Data FLEED). Ammattirakenteen muutos ajoittuu vuosien 1995 ja 2007 välille. Koulutus mielletään tässä Pro gradu-tutkielmassa sellaiseksi toiminnaksi jonka tavoite on valmistaa lapsia sekä tulevia sukupolvia työelämään oikeanlaisilla taidoilla ja tiedoilla. Yhtälailla tärkeät muut tavoitteet, mitä koulutukselle ja kasvatukselle on annettu, sekä mahdollisesti syntyviä ristiriitoja tavoitteita saavuttamisessa ovat tämän tutkielman ulkopuolella. Muutokset ammattirakenteessa luo kysymyksen, että miten koulutus on valmistautunut tällaisiin tuntemattomiin muutoksiin? Vastatakseni kysymykseen esittelen koulutusekonomian ja koulutussuunnittelun, sekä erityisesti miten koulutusekonomia on vaikuttanut koulutussuunnitteluun. Aluksi käyn läpi koulutusekonomian ja esittelen sen kaksi pääteoriaa: inhimillisen pääoman teorian ja siiviläteorian. Selitän millä tavoin nämä teoriat eroavat toisistaan ja mikäli jompikumpi voidaan todistaa oikeaksi millainen vaikutus sillä olisi koulutukseen. Koulutussuunnittelussa on käytetty monenlaisia analysointivälineitä tulevaisuuden ennakoimiseksi. Esittelen nämä eri tavat ja työkalut, sekä miten koulutussuunnittelu on historiansa aikana muuttunut ja miten taloudellinen ajattelu on muuttanut koulutussuunnittelua. Viimeisessä osassa tuon esille tutkimuksia siitä miten Suomessa pyritään ennakoimaan ja valmistautumaan muutoksiin työelämässä. Käyn myös keskustelua siitä voiko kasvatustiede tuoda jotain uutta koulutusekonomiaan
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Troshchenkov, S. "ECONOMIC ASPECTS OF COMMUTING." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/465740.
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This dissertation studies economic aspects of commuting. It explores, on one hand the mechanism of self-selection into long-distance commuting, return to commuting and, on the other hand, the factors that determine exits from commuting. After investigation of the main bulk of literature about commuting, the research addresses the selectivity of commuters from ex-ante earnings and ability distributions (Chapter 1), monetary return to the commuting distance (Chapter 2) and factors that affects the probability of various exits from commuting spells (Chapter 3) with particular focus on the role of commuting distance and earnings. The analysis uses extensive longitudinal dataset with the precise geocoded information on the individuals’ places of work and residence which is based on the administrative registers of Statistics Sweden.
The first research paper, titled “Self-selection into long-distance commuting on earnings and latent characteristics”, focuses on understanding the nature of selectivity, as it is important factor in interpretation the results of empirical research. In our study we consider two potential dimensions of self-selection: the selection based on latent characteristics and the selection based on the measured earnings before starting long distance commuting. Both dimensions are captured using single model allowing identification of testable hypothesis about the simultaneous selection based on the previous earnings and latent characteristics. In order to conduct our analysis, we apply extensive administrative geocoded dataset with precise individual information including the coordinates of the places of residence and work. We demonstrate the negative selection of commuters from the ex-ante earning distribution. In the same time, our results indicate that the individuals with unobserved traits associated with higher earnings are also more likely engage into the long distance commuting.
The second research paper, titled “Return to commuting distance in Sweden”, aims to estimate the magnitude of the economic return to commuting and compare the relative returns received by men and women. We apply fixed effect models to deal with individual unobserved heterogeneity that could potentially generate an endogeneity issue. We use a large dataset based on Administrative Registers for Sweden, which gathers detailed information on residential and job location, and indirectly on commuting. Results indicate that individuals receive relatively small compensations for commuting, with higher returns in agglomerations. Moreover, the relative return as a fraction of hourly wage is approximately similar across genders. This last finding provides evidence of similar bargaining powers for both men and women.
In our third paper, titles “Hazard from commuting: the role of earnings and distance. The case of Sweden”, we estimate the effect of earnings and commuting distance on the probability of exiting from a duration spell of commuting using a discrete time competing risk model. The data set, used in analysis, is based on the Swedish administrative registers from Statistics Sweden and the Swedish Tax Board and covers the period between 2000 and 2009. The problem of endogeneity of individual earnings and commuting distance in determining the length of work-related commuting spells is addressed using two-stage residual inclusion (2SRI). The estimates reveal that the earnings paid by firms have a positive impact on the probability of migration and a negative impact on the probability of job separation. At the same time, greater distance increases the probabilities of migrating closer to the place of work, re-employment closer to the place of residence and separation to non-employment while decreasing the probabilities of migration further away from the place of work and re-employment further away from the place of residence. The results are revealed to be robust in the samples of married and unmarried individuals.
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Taylor, Nicola Jane. "Respecifying animals : sociological aspects of human-animal relations." Thesis, Manchester Metropolitan University, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.302628.
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Burgess, Roberta. "Goat production in the Northern Cape: what are the impacts of farmer training?" Thesis, Rhodes University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003868.
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The main millennium development goal is to eradicate extreme poverty and hunger in the world by 2015. South Africa is one of the countries that signed this pledge at the millennium summit in 2000. The Department of Agriculture, has initiated a number of projects to assist farmers and communities with reaching this goal. In the Northern Cape, the commercialization of goats is one such anchor project. The major activities of this project is to train farmers in applied and appropriate production practices, assist them with accessing markets and supporting them with improved livestock. The main aim of this research was to evaluate whether the project has achieved its outcome and whether this outcome, is having an impact on the livelihoods of the farmers involved in the project. After reviewing the literature on evaluation research and programme evaluation across time, the different paradigms and approaches, participatory methodology was used in this study. A case study approach was applied to evaluate the outcomes and effects of the training received by farmers, as part of the commercialization of goats programme. The results of the study proved that the training received by members of the Campbell Agricultural Co-operative Enterprises, changed their goat production practices. The training also had a secondary impact. Trained farmers were imparting (technology transfer) their acquired knowledge to other members of the co-operative. This appeared very effective as all members of the cooperative were farming more scientifically. These changes to the production practices had a positive impact on the livelihoods of the farmers, as their animals were of a better quality and they were able to sell their animals at different markets and for better prices. This has however not commercialized their farming operations as they are still faced with many challenges. These challenges are the lack of a proper marketing structure, access to financial assistance, proper infrastructure and adequate transport for the animals to mention a few. If the Department of Agriculture and Land Affairs is serious about assisting these farmers to move from the status of “emerging farmer” to “commercial farmer” they will have to look at addressing the problems experienced with financial access and access to adequate and appropriate transport.
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Чорток, Юлія Володимирівна, Юлия Владимировна Чорток, Yuliia Volodymyrivna Chortok, and T. Chuyko. "Economic aspects of sustainable development." Thesis, Видавництво СумДУ, 2004. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/22787.
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Loshak, O., and K. Bondarenko. "Economic aspects in environmental education." Thesis, Видавництво СумДУ, 2006. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/8543.
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Aguilar, Bobadilla Silvia E. "ECONOMIC ASPECTS OF HISTORICAL CONTAMINATION." Doctoral thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2008. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-161826.
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The main scope of the work is to support a wider understanding of the achievements and limitations of economic analysis in historical contamination issues. The work describes how various schools of economics focus their study on environmental problems, specifically on Brownfields redevelopment. It presents the ideas of environmental economics, resource economics, free market environmentalism, institutional economics, political economy and ecological economics. The work includes a case study from the region of Ralsko in North Bohemia.
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Millo, Giovanni. "Some economic aspects of insurance." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Trieste, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10077/3505.
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2008/2009This dissertation is based on three papers concerning aspects of insurance market development, analyzed in the light of the economic function of insurance and with the methodological tools of Econometrics and based on evidence from Italy. The first deals with the development of the non-life market, the second analyzes the life market and the third a particular facet of, again, non-life: the influence of the legal environment. The abstracts for the three papers follow. In the first, we analyze the consumption of non-life insurance across 103 Italian provinces in 1998-2002 in order to assess its determinants, in the light of the empirical literature. Using sub-regional data we overcome an important limitation of cross-country analyses, i.e. the systemic heterogeneity due to country-specific characteristics. Individual heterogeneity is accounted for through panel data techniques. However, considering spatial units within a single market raises issues of cross-sectional or spatial dependence, either due to common nation-wide and/or regional factors or to spatial proximity. We carefully assess spatial dependence, employing recent diagnostic tests, finding out that the regressors included in our specification successfully account for spatial dependence. Insurance turns out to depend on income, wealth and some demographics, as already established, but also on trust, judicial efficiency and borrowing conditions. This finding helps in explaining the gap between Central-Northern Italy and the South of the country. In the second we analyze the consumption of life insurance across 103 Italian provinces in 1996-2002. Cross-country analyses of insurance development have suffered from the presence of too many idiosyncratic country-level determinants (like legal system, social security, taxation or inflation history). Panel studies in the field suffer from the curse of dimensionality as well. A regional analysis of Italy, a notoriously very diverse country, provides an environment with less unobserved heterogeneity while retaining a fair amount of variance in income, demographics etc.. An- other limitation of cross-country studies of life insurance, the difficulty of observing prices, may be overcome as average policy loadings tend to be uniform across regions. On the converse, a regional study raises issues of cross-sectional dependence, either due to common nationwide factors or to spatial proximity. We control for unobserved heterogeneity through macroregional and time fixed effects. We develop a new spatial random effects model including both spatial lags of the dependent variable and spatial and serial correlation in the errors; we estimate it by maximum likelihood through an algorythm implemented in the R language. Life insurance turns out to depend on economic development, savings and some demographics, as expected, but also on the general level of trust and the density of the distribution network. Life insurance is negatively correlated with education, supporting the view that better education fosters financial risk taking. In the third, we start from the consideration that civil trials take far too long in Italy compared to other countries. Inefficiency of civil law in enforcing property rights is recognized as a limiting factor for economic development at large and for that of financial markets in particular. Of the three main elements of judicial inefficiency: unfair judgment, costly procedures and lengthy procedures, we concentrate on the third analyzing its relevance for the insurance contract. We contend that the duration of civil trials is an important obstacle to non-life insurance, because it reduces the present value of the contingent claim held by the insured in case of litigation. Thus we expect non-life insurance consumption to be lower, all other things being equal, where judicial procedures are slower. We test our hypothesis on two datasets: a provincial panel dataset for the years 1998-2002 and a household survey comprising three waves for the years 1989, 1991 and 1993. We estimate a number of alternative specifications on the aggregate data, and probit and tobit models on household data, finding significant negative effects of judicial inefficiency on insurance consumption in both settings. We conclude that the excessive length of civil trials is a depressing factor for the development of the Italian non-life insurance market.
Questa tesi si basa su tre articoli riguardanti aspetti dello svilupo del mercato assicurativo, analizzato alla luce della funzione economica dell’assicurazione e con gli strumenti metodologici dell’Econometria, sulla base di dati italiani. Il primo si occupa dello sviluppo del mercato non-vita, il secondo analizza il mercato vita e il terzo un particolare aspetto del non-vita: l’influsso dell’ambiente legale. Nel primo articolo analizziamo il consumo di assicurazione non-vita in 103 province italiane nel 1998-2002 allo scopo di stabilirne le determinanti, alla luce della letteratura empirica. Usando dati provinciali superiamo un’importante limite degli studi sui paesi:l’eterogeneità sistemica. Teniamo conto di quella individuale tramite tecniche per dati panel. Comunque, considerare unità spaziali entro un singolomercato dà luogo a problemi di dipendenza sezionale o spaziale, dovuta a fattori comuni o alla prossimità nello spazio. Controlliamo la dipendenza spaziale per mezzo di recenti test diagnostici, scoprendo che i regressori da noi inclusi nella specificazione cntrollano efficacemente la dipendenza spaziale. Ne risulta che l’assicurazione dipende dal reddito, dalla ricchezza e da variabili demografiche, come già noto, ma anche dal livello di fiducia nel prossimo, dall’efficienza del sistema giudiziario e dalle condizioni del mercato del credito. Questi risultati aiutano a spiegare il divario tra il Centro-Nord e il Sud del paese. Nel secondo lavoro analizziamo il consumo di assicurazione vita in 103 province italiane nel 1996-2001. Le analisi sezionali su paesi dello sviluppo assicurativo hanno sofferto della presenza di troppi elementi idiosincratici (il sistema legale, quello di sicurezza sociale, quello fiscale o la storia inflazionistica). Anche le analisi panel soffrono del problema delle variabili incidentali. Un’analisi regionale dell’Italia, paese notoriamente vario, offre un ambiente con meno eterogeneità mantenendo una buona variabilità nelle caratteristiche osservabili. Un’ulteriore limitazione degli studi sui paesi, la difficoltà nel definire e nell’osservare i prezzi, viene superata constatando che gli stessi sono uniformi a livello nazionale. D’altra parte, uno studio regionale pone prob- lemi di dipendenza sezionale dovuta a fattori comuni o alla prossimità nello spazio. Controlliamo per l’eterogeneità non osservabile mediante effetti fissi macroregionali e temporali. Sviluppiamo un nuovo modello a effetti random comprendente sia ritardi spaziali della variabile dipendente che correlazione seriale e spaziale negli errori. Lo stimiamo a massima verosimiglianza tramite un algoritmo implementato nel linguaggio R. L’assicurazione vita risulta dipendere dallo sviluppo economico, dal risparmio e da alcune variabili demografiche, come ci si attendeva, ma anche dal livello generale di fiducia e dalla densità della rete agenziale. L’assicurazione vita è negativamente correlata con il livello di educazione, supportando l’ipotesi che una maggiore educazione aumenti la propensione al rischio finanziario. Nel terzo partiamo dalla constatazione che i processi civili sono troppo lunghi in Italia rispetto agli altri paesi. L’inefficienza della giustizia civile nel far valere i diritti di proprietà è riconosciuta come un fattore limitante per lo sviluppo economico in generale e per quello finanziario in particolare. Dei tre elementi del’inefficienza giuridica: giustizia, costo e tempo dei procedimenti, ci concentriamo sul terzo analizzando la sua rilevanza per il contratto assicurativo. Sosteniamo che la durata dei processi civili è un importante ostacolo per l’assicurazione non-vita, in quanto riduce il valore attuale del diritto condizionato detenuto dall’assicurato nel caso si vada in giudizio. Pertanto ci aspettiamo che a parità di altre condizioni il consumo di assicurazione sia minore dove le procedure giudiziarie sono più lente. Testiamo la nostra ipotesi su due basi dati: una provinciale relativa agli anni 1998-2002 e un’indagine campionaria sulle famiglie comprendente le tre ondate 1989,1991 e 1993. Stimiamo varie specificazioni alternative sui dati aggregati e modelli probit e tobit sui dati micro, trovando un significativo effetto negativo dell’ineficienza giudiziaria sul consumo di assicurazione in entrambi i casi. Ne concludiamo che l’eccessiva lunghezza dei processi civili deprime lo sviluppo del mercato assicurativo non-vita in Italia.
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Santos, Alvaro K. "Economic aspects of airport security measures." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 1999. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA366334.
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Heintz, Emelie. "Health economic aspects of diabetic retinopathy." Doctoral thesis, Linköpings universitet, Utvärdering och hälsoekonomi, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-76283.
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To ensure that the resources of the health care sector are used effectively, new technologies need to be evaluated before implementation to examine if they generate health outcomes at an acceptable cost. This information can be collected by performing health economic evaluations in which the costs and health outcomes of different technologies are compared. To estimate the effect on health care budgets, there is also a need for information about the prevalence of the specific disease. Health outcomes in health economic evaluations are often measured in quality-adjusted life years (QALYs), which are calculated by multiplying the remaining life years after an intervention by a weight representing the health-related quality of life (HRQoL) during those years. This thesis aims to provide deeper knowledge of the health economic aspects of diabetic retinopathy (DR), an eye complication that affects patients with diabetes and may in the worst case lead to blindness. The focus is on three empirical and two methodological health economic research questions. The empirical research areas cover prevalence, costs, and HRQoL related to patients with DR. The methodological research questions explore the performance of different methods for estimation of QALY weights. This is of interest since it has been argued that the most common methods for estimating QALY weights may not capture all relevant vision-related aspects of quality of life. The analyses comprehend the validity of different methods for estimating QALY weights among patients with DR and if the results of one of the specific methods for estimating QALY weights, the time trade-off (TTO) exercise, are affected by patients’ subjective life expectancy (SLE). The empirical results demonstrate that DR is seen in approximately 40% and 30% of patients with type I and type II diabetes respectively, indicating that the prevalence of DR has decreased in both of these patient groups. Healthcare costs vary considerably between different severity levels of the disease, being estimated at €26, €257, €216, and €433 per patient per year for background retinopathy, proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR), diabetic macular oedema (DMO), and PDR combined with DMO respectively. Blindness due to DR is associated with an increased use of transportation services, caregiving services, and assistive technologies as well as productivity losses. This suggests that preventing the progression of DR may lower healthcare costs. Patients with vision impairment due to DR have lowered HRQoL in various dimensions, but the diagnosis of DR in itself has only a limited effect on HRQoL. The results on the methodological research questions show that different methods for estimating QALY weights seem to give different results. In comparison to EQ-5D, the Health Utilities Index Mark 3 (HUI-3) is the most sensitive method for detecting differences in QALY weights due to DR, and if decisions are to be made based on values from the general public, it can be recommended for use in cost-utility analyses of interventions directed at DR. Neither of the direct methods, TTO and the visual analogue scale, seems to be sensitive to differences in visual function, and more research is needed concerning the role of vision in people’s responses to the TTO exercises. In TTO exercises with time frames based on actuarial life expectancy, the patients’ SLE has an effect on their willingness to trade off years for full health. Thus, applying time frames deviating from patients’ SLE may result in biased QALY weights. Such bias may appear stronger within patient populations than within the general public. In conclusion, this thesis offers estimates for prevalence, costs, and QALY weights that can be used in economic evaluations of interventions directed at DR and as benchmarks for future DR research in order to follow up consequences of changes in diabetes care. In addition, it demonstrates that the choice of method for estimating QALY weights may have an impact on whether an intervention is considered cost-effective.
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Sach, Tracey Helen. "Economic aspects of paediatric cochlear implantation." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.403949.
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Echevarne, R. "Economic aspects of the Spanish airports." Thesis, Cranfield University, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.309617.
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Miltz, David. "Economic aspects of targeting environmental policy." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.235914.
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This thesis is composed of two parts; the first addresses theoretical aspects of the economics of targeting pollution control policy, whilst the second is an illustrative case study designed to embellish the more abstract insights of the first section.
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Денисенко, Павло Анатолійович, Павел Анатольевич Денисенко, and Pavlo Anatoliiovych Denysenko. "Some economic aspects of social capital." Thesis, Вид-во СумДУ, 2010. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/8091.
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Nowadays innovation-oriented development of particular socio-economic system is no longer considered as a result of some individual breakthrough, it was substituted by systematic work of specially created professional networks of different kind and size. Formal and informal interrelations among talented workers, knowledge management, creative environment, social capital, organizational culture becomes the new frontier of competitive advantage.
When you are citing the document, use the following link http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/8091
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Kharlamova, G. "Environmental security: economic and social aspects." Thesis, Видавництво СумДУ, 2011. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/10022.
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Ecology – is complex problem, so complex decisions are needed.
Preservation of environment and acceptance of administrative decisions, recreational use of natural resources of natural-resources fund territories demand certain regulating actions. These actions have to be based on exact basis of complex interdisciplinary approach to environment security.
When you are citing the document, use the following link http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/10022
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Konoplina, Yu S. "Economic and ecological aspects of modernization." Thesis, Університетська книга, 2005. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/64204.
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In this article positive and negative aspects of informational and telecommunication technologies and systems ecological impact are regarded. The author analyzes direct as well as indirect ecological impact of informational and telecommunication technologies.У даній публікації розглядаються позитивні і негативні аспекти екологічного впливу інформаційних та телекомунікаційних технологій. Автор аналізує як прямий, так і непрямий екологічний вплив інформаційних і телекомунікаційних технологій.
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Kasianenko, Ju. "Ecological-economic aspects of waste management." Thesis, Сумський державний університет, 2013. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/31585.
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One of the hottest environmental issues has recently become the fight against the rubbish. Both air pollution, depletion of the ozone layer and global warming are the result of human activity.
Ukraine is taking the lead.
When you are citing the document, use the following link http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/31585
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Hefti, Elise. "Economic aspects and implications of obesity." Frankfurt, M. Berlin Bern Bruxelles New York, NY Oxford Wien Lang, 2009. http://d-nb.info/995713553/04.
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Nazerzadeh, Hamid. "Internet advertising : optimization and economic aspects /." May be available electronically:, 2009. http://proquest.umi.com/login?COPT=REJTPTU1MTUmSU5UPTAmVkVSPTI=&clientId=12498.
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Jones, Deborah. "Can there be a Roman Catholic theology of animals?" Thesis, University of Wales Trinity Saint David, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.683283.
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Vize, Peter Darren. "Expression of porcine growth hormone in bacteria and transgenic animals." Title page, contents and summary only, 1987. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phv864.pdf.
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Franklin, Michael. "Aspects of serotonin function after dietary manipulation in humans and animals." Thesis, Oxford Brookes University, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.261396.
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Moses, David. "Writing animals, speaking animals : the displacement and placement of the animal in medieval literature." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/8364.
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This thesis examines the way the absence of moral consideration of the animal in Christian doctrine is evident in Middle English literature. A fundamental difference between the theology and literature of the medieval period is literature's capacity to present and theorise positions that cannot, for various reasons, be theorised in the official discourses provided by commentators and theologians. Patterns of excluding the animal from moral consideration by Christianity are instigated with the rejection of the ethics of late Neoplatonism. Highlighted by Neoplatonists, and evident in the stylistic differences in reading scripture and philosophy, is an early Christian ideological predisposition toward purely humanocentric concerns. The disparity between a definite Hellenic ethic of the animal and its absence in Christian thought is most evident in the contrast between an outward looking Neoplatonic understanding of creation, and the closed matrix of scholastic interpretative thought. Influential textual representations of the universe require that creation is interpreted through a fideistically enclosed system of signs. The individual must have faith before approaching knowledge. The animal is placed into a system dominated by the primacy of faith in God, which paradoxically produces the predetermined answers supplied by Christian doctrine and selective scriptural and doctrinal suppositions. In literary texts, the animal provides an obvious method of Christian debate. Contemporary theological values, such as the doctrinal commonplace of comparing man with animal in the corporeal context highlights the uncomfortable similarity to, yet prescribes that man aspire to distance himself from, the animal. The primacy of man and the importance of his salvation, is a doctrine which countermands the theocentric basis of Christian theology, in which God is understood as a presence in all his creation. Such conflicting perspectives result in animals in medieval literature being used to test theological and philosophical parameters, illustrating the inadequacy of sharp theological boundaries, and demonstrating the ability of literary expression to escape that which has already been enclosed.
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Maruyama, Mika. "The Effects of Animals on Children's Development of Perspective-Taking Abilities." PDXScholar, 2010. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/159.
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Although attention to the effects of child-animal interactions on children's development has increased in the last three decades, developmental psychology has not attended to the importance of the effects of animals on children's development. There is a need to consider the possible impacts of animals as significant social partners for children's socioemotional development. The current study, through survey questionnaires and interview methods, investigated whether interacting with animals, especially when children have responsibilities for the welfare of pets and perhaps have formed strong attachments with pets, will promote children's socio-emotional development, specifically their abilities to take the perspective of others. Sixty-five students who attended the local humane society's summer camp program, and students who participated in a monthly humane education program as part of their after school program were invited to participate in the study. All participants completed seven surveys and one telephone or face-to-face interview that were designed to measure their attitudes toward animals and humans, as well as their abilities to take the perspective of others. A linear regression analysis, Chi-Square test, and correlation coefficient test were conducted to assess the quality of interaction with pets on children's humane attitudes toward animals and humans, empathy, as well as their perspective taking abilities. It was found that students who showed stronger attachment toward their pets showed more humane attitudes toward animals and toward humans than students who showed weaker attachment toward their pets. Additionally, it was found that students who showed stronger attachment with their pets had higher levels of social cognitive development (i.e., perspective taking abilities) than students who showed weaker attachment with their pets. Also, significant correlations among variables, such as students' knowledge of animal care, attitudes toward animals and humans, attachment with pets, perspective taking abilities, were found. Lastly, students whose parents show more effective guidance on pet care have more advanced skills of thinking and solving problems in flexible manner than students who do not receive any or less guidance on pet care at home. Findings from the current study suggest the importance of humane education programs as well as effective parental guidance in pet care at home to promote students' knowledge of animal care and humane attitudes toward animals, which influence students' ability to take perspective of others. Promoting such knowledge and attitudes of children may help to promote their empathy and ability to take perspective of others. Having such abilities will alternately help children to have high interpersonal skills, which is a key to have a more successful life in society.
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Hietasalo, P. (Pauliina). "Behavioral and economic aspects of caries control." Doctoral thesis, Oulun yliopisto, 2010. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9789514263453.
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Abstract The aim was to determine the association between baseline factors, such as oral health-related behavior, attitudes, knowledge and beliefs in relation to caries increment during a randomized clinical trial (RCT). A further aim was to evaluate treatment costs and health outcomes during and after the RCT. In Pori Finland, 11- to 12-year-old children with active initial caries lesion(s) participated in the RCT in 2001–05. The experimental group (n=250) received multiple measures for controlling caries. The control group (n=247) received standard dental care. In 2005–08, all received standard dental care. Regression analyses were used to study the associations between behavioral factors and caries increment. Cost-effectiveness analysis was conducted (trial period), and costs and health outcomes as well as dental service utilization were evaluated (post-trial period). In the experimental group, brushing teeth twice a day was indicative of developing no new caries lesions, whereas eating candy at least once a day, predicted new lesions. In the experimental and control groups, lack of concern about cavities and lack of knowledge about mother’s dental health predicted new caries lesions. The average incremental cost for averting one DMF surface was €34. The experimental regimen was more effective and more costly than the standard dental care. The total costs decreased year after year. The mean total cost per adolescent was lower and the clinical outcome was better among the former participants in the experimental group. The utilization of dental services was significantly more regular among the former participants in this group. It may be feasible to control caries more effectively by affecting toothbrushing, candy eating and oral health-related attitudes, as preventive procedures may be ineffective if those factors are not in order. It is important to discuss oral health-related topics in families, because this may improve the oral health-related behavior of children. Cost-effectiveness of regimen used for the experimental group may be improved by division of work or by selective reduction of preventive procedures. Well-timed caries control can decrease treatment cost and yield long-term improvement of dental healthTiivistelmä Tutkimuksen tarkoituksena oli selvittää satunnaistetun kliinisen kokeen alussa rekisteröityjen suunterveyteen liittyvien tapojen, tietojen, asenteiden, uskomusten ja karieskertymän välisiä yhteyksiä. Lisäksi arvioitiin hoitokustannuksia ja hoidollisia tuloksia sekä kokeen ajalta että kokeen jälkeiseltä ajalta. Ne 11–12-vuotiaat lapset, joilla oli ainakin yksi alkava aktiivinen kariesvaurio, osallistuivat kokeeseen Porissa vuosina 2001–05. Koeryhmän lapset (n=250) saivat tehostettua ehkäisevää hoitoa ja kontrolliryhmän lapset (n=247) tavanomaista hammashoitoa. Kaikki saivat tavanomaista hammashoitoa vuosina 2005–08. Käyttäytymisellisten tekijöiden ja karieskertymän välisiä yhteyksiä tutkittiin regressioanalyysien avulla. Kustannusvaikuttavuusanalyysi tehtiin kokeen ajalta. Hoitokustannuksia ja hoidollisia tuloksia sekä palveluiden käyttöä arvioitiin kokeen jälkeiseltä ajalta. Lapsilla, jotka harjasivat vähintään kaksi kertaa päivässä, oli yleensä ehjät hampaat, kun taas lapsilla, jotka söivät päivittäin makeisia, oli useasti reikiä. Huolettomuus reikiintymistä kohtaan ja tietämättömyys äidin hampaiden kunnosta näkyi lasten hampaiden reikiintymisenä. Yhden hammaspinnan säästyminen paikkaukselta maksoi keskimäärin 34 €. Koeryhmän saama hoito oli vaikuttavampaa, mutta kalliimpaa kuin kontrolliryhmän saama hoito. Kokonaiskustannukset laskivat vuosi vuodelta. Keskimääräiset hoitokustannukset olivat pienemmät ja hammasterveys parempi entisen koeryhmän jäsenillä kuin kontrolliryhmäläisillä. Myös palveluiden käyttö oli säännöllisempää koeryhmässä. Karieksen hallintaa voidaan todennäköisesti tehostaa vaikuttamalla hampaiden harjaukseen, makeisten syöntiin ja suunterveyteen liittyviin asenteisiin. On tärkeää varmistaa, että nämä asiat ovat kunnossa, koska ehkäisevät toimenpiteet saattavat muuten jäädä tehottomiksi. Suunterveyteen liittyvistä asioista olisi hyvä keskustella perheissä, koska asioiden esillä pitäminen voi vaikuttaa suotuisasti lasten terveystapoihin. Koeryhmän saaman hoito-ohjelman kustannusvaikuttavuutta voisi todennäköisesti parantaa muuttamalla suunterveydenhuollon henkilöstön työnjakoa tai karsimalla valikoiden ehkäisevien toimenpiteiden määrää. Oikea-aikainen karieksen hallinta voi vähentää hoitokustannuksia ja lisätä hammasterveyttä pitkällä aikavälillä
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Stefani, Gianluca. "Economic aspects of information in environmental economics." Thesis, University of York, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.489205.
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Information may resolve uncertainty and uncertainty is pervasive. Thus, seeking, producing and trading of information are common economic activities. This is also true in the economics of the environment and for the different stakeholders therein involved. The central aim of this research is to investigate some theoretical aspects of the value and effects of information in environmental economics. Information is valuable either as a decision aid in contexts where either health and environmental characteristics of goods are uncertain or as the object of direct valuation under different provision rules. In a choice context three questions arise providing grounds for empirical investigations.
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Cali, Massimiliano. "Spatial aspects of the economic development process." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2009. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/2068/.
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In recent years the spatial dimension of economic development has attracted increasing interest in the development field. However there is still little analysis and evidence of the ways many spatial dimensions interact with other economic dimensions in the development process. This thesis aims to help filling this gap by bringing a geographical perspective into development economics frameworks. It is empirical in nature and uses data on different sub-national units from India and Uganda. The work is structured around four main papers (divided into six chapters). The first paper analyses two important aspects of the Indian urbanisation process. First it finds a U-shaped relation between rural-urban disparities in living standards and income per capita across Indian states in the Post-Independence period. Second, it shows that the urbanisation process in India has been characterised by convergence in the 20th century: smaller towns grow faster than large ones. The second paper examines the role of the agricultural sector in influencing the shape of the urban system. The analysis suggests that the elasticity of rural-urban labour supply increases both urban primacy and the urbanisation rate in Indian states during the Post-Independence period. The third paper tests for the impact of urban growth on rural poverty using a sample of Indian districts in the period 1981-1999. It finds that urbanisation reduces poverty surrounding rural areas. This effect is largely attributable to positive spillovers from urbanisation rather than to the movement of the rural poor to urban areas. The final paper examines the deteminants of rising returns to schooling in Ugandan districts during the 1990s. The findings suggest that both educational supply and demand factors influenced the wedge between skilled and unskilled labour. Moreover while trade opening reduced this wedge, pro-market reforms increasing inter-district trade raised returns to education in districts relatively abundant in skilled labour.
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Ivlevs, Artjoms. "Economic and political economy aspects of migration." Aix-Marseille 2, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006AIX24009.
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L’objectif de cette thèse est d’explorer plusieurs phénomènes liés à la migration en prenant en considération différents aspects de la réalité économique contemporaine : l’importance du secteur non-échangeable, l’asymétrie entre les flux migratoires et les flux des investissements, ainsi que les problèmes persistants entre différentes communautés ethniques. Dans le premier chapitre introductif, nous explorons la littérature sur la politique économique de l’immigration et nous étudions les différentes voies par lesquelles les immigrés peuvent affecter le bien-être des résidents domestiques. Dans la deuxième partie, nous développons un cadre théorique afin d’analyser les effets de l’immigration sur le bien-être individuel dans une petite économie ouverte avec le secteur non-échangeable. Nos résultats expliquent pourquoi les résidents domestiques sont généralement opposés à l’immigration peu qualifiée et favorisent l’influx des immigrés hautement qualifiés. Dans le chapitre trois, nous faisons une extension du modèle élaboré dans le chapitre deux, en prenant en compte les flux internationaux du capital. D’abord nous cherchons à décrire le lien entre la migration peu et hautement qualifiée et les investissements directs à l’étranger. Puis, nous analysons le changement dans les attitudes envers l’immigration suite à l’introduction de la mobilité internationale du capital. Dans le quatrième chapitre, nous démontrons comment la diversité ethnique peut affecter les intentions d’émigrer. Nous traitons le cas de la Lettonie où les minorités ethniques constituent 40% de la population. Nous pouvons constater que les individus appartenant aux minorités ethniques sont plus probables d’émigrer et que cette probabilité augmente avec le revenu. Les individus appartenant à la majorité ethnique, au contraire, sont plus probables d’émigrer si leurs revenus sont plus basThe objective of this thesis is to contribute to a better understanding of migration-related economic issues in the world today. We concentrate both on immigration and emigration and at various stages of our work address all three parties involved in migration process : people hosting immigrants, people left behind and the migrants themselves. We account for several important features of today’s rapidly globalising life : the importance of the non-traded sector, asymmetry between capital and labour flows, and persisting problems between ethnic communities. The first chapter in an overview of the political economy of immigration literature and addresses the multiple ways in which immigrants may affect natives’ welfare. In particular, we discuss the role of economic and non-economic arguments in shaping immigration attitudes and summarise main labour market and welfare-state effects of immigration. Chapter two develops open economy with a non-traded sector. Our finding provide additional understanding of why native population is generally opposed to low-skilled immigrants and favouring high-skilled foreign workers. The third chapter extends the model developed in chapter two to accommodate internationally mobile capital. First, we investigate whether immigration of high-skilled and low-skilled labour leads to positive or negative FDI. Then, we find out how would immigration attitudes change if a country allows international capital movements. Chapter four investigates how ethnic diversity at home may influence emigration intentions of an individual. We explore the case of Latvia where ethnic minorities constitute 40% of the population. We find that ethnic minorities are more likely to emigrate and are positively self-selected on the basis of income, while the opposite is true for ethnic majority population
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Soares, Richard Queirós. "OTT TV services: technical and economic aspects." Master's thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/12846.
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Mestrado em Engenharia Eletrónica e TelecomunicaçõesThe breadth of availability and variety of online video contents has helped to encourage a far more mobile experience, which has proved particularly popular among younger generations. Over The Top (OTT) services, particularly those on-demand video platforms, became more and more attractive to consumers when compared with the current main TV packages. This document describes how the video OTT Ecosystem works from a technical side. The description presented reaches both ends of the distribution chain: from how the video signals are acquired and processed, thru all the way to how they are delivered to the client, passing by the challenges and consequences that such services have on the network. The main objective of this dissertation is to understand the possibility to create in Portugal a new operator where the core business is video delivery using only OTT services.
A amplitude e variedade de conteúdos disponíveis online têm ajudado a promover uma experiência cada ver mais móvel da televisão, serviço que se tem revelado particularmente popular entre os mais jovens. Serviços Over The Top (OTT), sobretudo aqueles disponíveis através de plataformas de video on-demand, têm-se tornado cada vez mais atraentes para os consumidores, em comparação com os atuais pacotes de televisão. Este documento descreve como funciona, do ponto de vista técnico, o ecossistema do vídeo sobre OTT. A descrição apresentada abrange ambas as extremidades da cadeia de distribuição: desde a forma como os sinais de vídeo são adquiridos e processados até ao modo como eles são entregues ao cliente, passando pelos problemas e consequências que tais serviços podem ter na rede. O principal objectivo deste trabalho é contribuir para compreender se é possível criar em Portugal um novo operador onde o core business seja a distribuição de vídeo utilizando apenas serviços OTT.
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Agrawal, Ajay K. "Economic issues concerning the mobility of scientific inventions and implications for firm strategy." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape3/PQDD_0013/NQ56491.pdf.
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Mitchell, Leslie Roy. "Discourse and the oppression of nonhuman animals: a critical realist account." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003951.
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This work examines the use of nonhuman animals in the farming industry and seeks to understand why this practice takes place and what supports its continuation. The research is approached from a critical realist perspective and after a description of past and current practices in the industry, it uses abduction and retroduction to determine the essential conditions for the continuation of the phenomenon of nonhuman animal farming. One essential condition is found to be the existence of negative discourses relating to nonhuman animals and this aspect is examined in more detail by analyzing a corpus of texts from a farming magazine using Critical Discourse Analysis. Major discourses which were found to be present were those of production, science and slavery which construct the nonhumans respectively as objects of scientific investigation, as production machines and as slaves. A minor discourse of achievement relating to the nonhumans was also present. Further analysis of linguistic features examined the way in which the nonhumans are socially constructed in the discourses. Drawing on work in experimental psychology by Millgram, Zimbardo and Bandura it was found that the effects of these discourses fulfil many of the conditions for bringing about moral disengagement in people thus explaining why billions of people are able to support animal farming in various ways even though what happens in the phenomenon is contrary to their basic ethical and moral beliefs.
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Endenburg, Nienke. "Animals as companions : demographic, motivational and ethical aspects of companion animal ownership /." Amsterdam : Thesis publ, 1991. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb35608320g.
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Wong, Chi-kwong Patrick, and 黃志光. "Economic changes in rural China." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1995. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31954509.
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Fisher, Hayley Claire. "Essays in the economics of marriage, cohabitation and divorce." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.609754.
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Vigier, Adrien. "Essays on economic and social networks." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.609482.
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KOHLER, Stefan. "Bargaining and human sociality : an experimental economic approach." Doctoral thesis, European University Institute, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/7015.
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Defence date: 5 February 2007Examining Board: Jordi Brandts, (Instituto de Análisis Económico (CSIC) ; Simon Gaechter, (University of Nottingham); Pascal Courty, (European University Institute); Karl Schlag, (European University Institute)
PDF of thesis uploaded from the Library digital archive of EUI PhD theses
This thesis adheres to the fundamental principle of maximizing behavior and equilibrium and shows how behavioral economic assumption of preferences, which go beyond self-interest, makes microeconomic theory applicable to a broad field of social behavior, where traditional models fail. All three thesis chapters are self contained but the thesis evolves from modelling social preferences and an analysis of their behavioral consequences in bargaining situations to an empirical test of their prevalence.
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Oehler, Margaret E. "My Best Friend: A Closer Look at Relationships with Companion Animals." Fogler Library, University of Maine, 2005. http://www.library.umaine.edu/theses/pdf/OehlerME2005.pdf.
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Penn, Simon Andrew Christopher. "Social and economic aspects of fourteenth century Bristol." Thesis, University of Bolton, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.731703.
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文玉蘭 and Yuk-lan Catherine Man. "Cyanide waste management: technologies, economic aspects, and constraints." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1996. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31253507.
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Willekens, Marleen. "Economic aspects of audit regulation and auditor liability." Thesis, University of Warwick, 1995. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/36143/.
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This thesis provides one of the first (to the author's knowledge, the first) micro-economic analyses of audit regulation and auditor liability. The analysis draws on insights from the economics and law literature that liability and regulation affect behaviour of individuals and organisations. The major research questions addressed in the thesis are the following: 1) How is demand for external audit services affected by joint and several liability of directors and external auditors? 2) How do auditor liability and professional audit standards affect audit quality? 3) Is it in the public interest to use auditor liability and professional audit standards jointly to monitor audit quality? The analysis is general, in the sense that a number of alternative regulatory scenarios are considered, and therefore hopes to be of relevance to various legal environments. Propositions about audit demand and production behaviour are drawn, as well as corollaries about the welfare implications of audit regulation and liability. Some major conclusions from the economic analysis are the following. 1) Consistency in judicial reasoning should be promoted. Certainty about what constitutes 'due care' leads to compliance by directors and auditors. 2) Uncertainty about due care crucially affects behaviour, both of auditors and directors. 3) Liability insurance arguments are irrelevant for audit demand when the due care level for directors is fairly certain. 4) Statutory audit requirements should only be imposed under limited circumstances. 5) More prescriptive professional audit standards have a positive effect on audit quality, but one standard for all client situations can never lead to social efficiency. 6) Liability restriction has a negative effect on audit quality. It may however promote socially efficient behaviour when there is overproduction of audit quality. 7) The joint use of liability restriction and more prescriptive professional audit standards may lead to a status quo in terms of audit quality produced, and therefore not welfare improving.
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Doyle, C. "Some intertemporal and informational aspects of economic theory." Thesis, University of Warwick, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.383632.
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Novais, Joana Lobo Fernandes. "Economic and engineering aspects of disposables-based bioprocessing." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.270590.
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