Relevant bibliographies by topics / Economic aspects of Biomass gasification

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Academic literature on the topic 'Economic aspects of Biomass gasification'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 13 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Economic aspects of Biomass gasification"

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Hanina, N., and M. Asadullah. "Gasification of Oil Palm Biomass to Produce Syngas for Electricity Generation – Cost Benefit Analysis." Advanced Materials Research 906 (April 2014): 148–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.906.148.

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Fossil fuel burning for energy production creates two major issues: the global warming effect and the weak energy security. These problems can be minimized by utilizing renewable energy sources such as biomass. In order to assess the potential contribution of these technologies to the future energy security and sustainable development, a thorough evaluation of gasification technology towards economic aspects is required. This study aims to determine whether the syngas production from EFB gasification for electricity generation is viable in terms of cost-benefit analysis by evaluating the economic aspects of these technologies.
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Tîrtea, Raluca-Nicoleta, and Cosmin Mărculescu. "Aspects of using biomass as energy source for power generation." Proceedings of the International Conference on Business Excellence 11, no. 1 (July 1, 2017): 181–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/picbe-2017-0019.

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AbstractBiomass represents an important source of renewable energy in Romania with about 64% of the whole available green energy. Being a priority for the energy sector worldwide, in our country the development stage is poor compared to solar and wind energy. Biomass power plants offer great horizontal economy development, local and regional economic growth with benefic effects on life standard. The paper presents an analysis on biomass to power conversion solutions compared to fossil fuels using two main processes: combustion and gasification. Beside the heating value, which can be considerably higher for fossil fuels compared to biomass, a big difference between fossil fuels and biomass can be observed in the sulphur content. While the biomass sulphur content is between 0 and approximately 1%, the sulphur content of coal can reach 4%. Using coal in power plants requires important investments in installations of flue gas desulfurization. If limestone is used to reduce SO2emissions, then additional carbon dioxide moles will be released during the production of CaO from CaCO3. Therefore, fossil fuels not only release a high amount of carbon dioxide through burning, but also through the caption of sulphur dioxide, while biomass is considered CO2neutral. Biomass is in most of the cases represented by residues, so it is a free fuel compared to fossil fuels. The same power plant can be used even if biomass or fossil fuels is used as a feedstock with small differences. The biomass plant could need a drying system due to high moisture content of the biomass, while the coal plant will need a desulfurization installation of flue gas and additional money will be spent with fuel purchasing.
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Bressanin, Jéssica Marcon, Bruno Colling Klein, Mateus Ferreira Chagas, Marcos Djun Barbosa Watanabe, Isabelle Lobo de Mesquita Sampaio, Antonio Bonomi, Edvaldo Rodrigo de Morais, and Otávio Cavalett. "Techno-Economic and Environmental Assessment of Biomass Gasification and Fischer–Tropsch Synthesis Integrated to Sugarcane Biorefineries." Energies 13, no. 17 (September 3, 2020): 4576. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13174576.

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Large-scale deployment of both biochemical and thermochemical routes for advanced biofuels production is seen as a key climate change mitigation option. This study addresses techno-economic and environmental aspects of advanced liquid biofuels production alternatives via biomass gasification and Fischer–Tropsch synthesis integrated to a typical sugarcane distillery. The thermochemical route comprises the conversion of the residual lignocellulosic fraction of conventional sugarcane (bagasse and straw), together with eucalyptus and energy-cane as emerging lignocellulosic biomass options. This work promotes an integrated framework to simulate the mass and energy balances of process alternatives and incorporates techno-economic analyses and sustainability assessment methods based on a life-cycle perspective. Results show that integrated biorefineries provide greenhouse gas emission reduction between 85–95% compared to the fossil equivalent, higher than that expected from a typical sugarcane biorefinery. When considering avoided emissions by cultivated area, biorefinery scenarios processing energy-cane are favored, however at lower economic performance. Thermochemical processes may take advantage of the integration with the typical sugarcane mills and novel biofuels policies (e.g., RenovaBio) to mitigate some of the risks linked to the implementation of new biofuel technologies.
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Szwaja, Stanislaw, Anna Poskart, Monika Zajemska, and Magdalena Szwaja. "Theoretical and Experimental Analysis on Co-Gasification of Sewage Sludge with Energetic Crops." Energies 12, no. 9 (May 9, 2019): 1750. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12091750.

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As known, dried sewage sludge, is a by-product produced from waste water treatment, contains significant amounts of organic content, and makes up to 60% with overall calorific value from 9 to 12 MJ/kg. Hence, it can be considered as material for thermal processing focusing on heat and power production. Among thermal conversion technologies, gasification is seen as the effective one because it can be easily combined with heat and power cogeneration units. On the other hand, due to high mineral content (40–50%) in the sludge, it is difficult to be gasified and obtain syngas with calorific value satisfactory enough for fueling the internal combustion engine. The dried sludge can be subjected to be gasified at temperature above 850 °C. However, large amounts of mineral content do not provide favorable conditions to obtain this required temperature. Thus, it is proposed to enrich the sewage sludge with biomass characterized with significantly higher calorific value. In the article, co-gasification of sewage sludge and Virginia Mallow—energetic crops was investigated. Results from experimental and numerical investigation have been presented. The dried sewage sludge enriched with Virginia Mallow at a mass ratio of 0/100%, 50/50% and 100/0% in tests and in the range from 0 to 100% for theoretical analysis was applied in order to achieve effective gasification process. As observed, lignocellulosic biomass like Virginia Mallow contains low amounts of mineral content below 2%, which makes it appropriate for thermal processing. It contributes to more stable and efficient gasification process. Additionally, Virginia Mallow caused that the process temperature possible to achieve, was 950 °C. Thus, sewage sludge was mixed with this high-energy component in order to improve the gasification parameters and obtain syngas with higher calorific value. A zero-dimensional, two-zone model was developed with aid of the POLIMI kinetics mechanism developed by CRECK Modeling Group to simulate gasification of low calorific substances enriched with high calorific biomass. Obtained results showed that sewage sludge can be completely gasified at presence of Virginia Mallow. Syngas calorific value of approximately 5 MJ/Nm3 was produced from this gasification process. The maximal percentage of Virginia Mallow in the mixture with the sewage sludge was set at 50% due to economic aspects of the technology. It was found, that satisfactory conditions for effective gasification were achieved at this 50/50% percentage of sewage sludge and Virginia Mallow. Potential intensity of gasification was predicted from this 0-D 2-zones model, which calculates area of reduction zone to area of combustion zone. This reduction-to-combustion area ratio for the sewage sludge-Virginia Mallow mixture was estimated at value of 2. Finally, the model was successfully verified with results from tests, hence it was proposed as a tool for preliminary investigation on poor fuels gasification.
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Dhaundiyal, Alok, and Pramod Chandra Tewari. "Performance Evaluation of Throatless Gasifier Using Pine Needles as a Feedstock for Power Generation." Acta Technologica Agriculturae 19, no. 1 (March 1, 2016): 10–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ata-2016-0003.

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This paper deals with the performance evaluation of a throatless gasifier TG-SI-10E. Evaluation of the throatless gasifier was done in three streams, which were the thermal, design and economic aspects. It was tested with pine needles, derived from the Himalayan chir pine (Pinus roxburghii). A non-isokinetic sampling technique was used for measuring the tar and dust contents. The carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide emission at the exhaust of engine was in the range of 12.8% and 0.1-0.5% respectively. The maximum temperature of producer gas measured at the outlet of the gasifier was 505 °C. The specific biomass consumption rate of pine needles was calculated to be 1.595 kg/kWh (electrical). Specific gasification rate for the given design was found to be 107 kg/m2h. Economic evaluation was based on direct tax incidence.
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Matani, Behnoosh, Babak Shirazi, and Javad Soltanzadeh. "F-MaMcDm: Sustainable Green-Based Hydrogen Production Technology Roadmap Using Fuzzy Multi-Aspect Multi-Criteria Decision-Making." International Journal of Innovation and Technology Management 16, no. 08 (December 2019): 1950057. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219877019500573.

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In recent years, with increasing demand for fossil fuels, greenhouse gas emissions, acid rains, and air pollution have increased. These issues have encouraged industries to replace the existing fossil fuel system by the hydrogen energy system which is a clean energy carrier. Replacing hydrogen in the future energy systems needs a dynamic and flexible strategic tool for planning and management. Roadmapping tool is a strategic choice for supporting technology management in long-term planning and under the fast-changing environment in manufacturing technologies. This study tackles a novel methodology that considers the uncertainties and linguistic assessments for developing a green-based hydrogen production technology roadmap considering concurrent multi-layered aspects. The aim of this paper is to develop a dynamic and flexible technology roadmap using a combination of the classical roadmapping method with a novel fuzzy multi-aspect multi-criteria decision-making approach (F-MaMcDm). This study represents a quantitative paradigm to roadmapping instead of conventional descriptive “when and how” paradigm. The F-MaMcDm classifies sustainable green-based hydrogen production technologies considering four comprehensive aspects (technical, socio-political, environmental and economic) and criteria relevant to the aspects. The results show that biomass gasification is the first technology to be prioritized followed by other green-based hydrogen production technologies in a long time.
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Dawson, Malcolm. "Some aspects of the development of short-rotation coppice willow for biomass in Northern Ireland." Proceedings of the Royal Society of Edinburgh. Section B. Biological Sciences 98 (1992): 193–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0269727000007557.

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SynopsisWork on short-rotation coppice willow as an alternative and renewable energy source began in Northern Ireland in the mid-1970s, prompted by the massive rise in oil prices during that period. Although in the short run oil prices have dropped in real terms, interest in short-rotation coppice willow has ben sustained because of the potential role it has in the development of agriculture, particularly in marginal areas. This is particularly relevant in the current situation of over production of a wide range of agricultural commodities within the European Community and the moves to reduce Government support in the form of farm and export subsidies.Although Salix cultivars have yielded in excess of 30 tonnes dry matter (DM) ha−1 annually under experimental conditions, it is considered that 10–12 tonnes DM ha−1 is a sustainable commercial yield.Melampsora spp. rust has emerged as one of the most important factors limiting the development of short-rotation coppice as a commercial crop. For economic and environmental reasons, the application of fungicide for rust control is not a possibility. Consequently, other disease control strategies have to be established. The main focus of this work is in the selection, for suitability for coppice application, of the widening range of genetic material becoming available from breeding programmes in Canada, Sweden and Finland with a view to their incorporation into mixed stands.End product utilisation is considered a priority area for investigation if short-rotation coppice is to make a contribution to land use and the development of agriculture in marginal areas. Currently two potential end uses are being investigated: firstly fractionation – to produce cellulose for paper manufacture, hemi-cellulose for the production of molasses and lignin for further processing into other industrial chemicals, and secondly the simultaneous generation of heat and power using gasification – ‘combined heat and power’.
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Lim, Natasya, Vincent Felixius, and Timotius Weslie. "Achieving Sustainable Energy Security in Indonesia Through Substitution of Liquefied Petroleum Gas with Dimethyl Ether as Household Fuel." Indonesian Journal of Energy 4, no. 2 (August 31, 2021): 71–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.33116/ije.v4i2.100.

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Indonesia has been facing an energy security issue regarding Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) consumption. The rapid increase of LPG consumption and huge import have driven the Indonesian government to develop the alternative for LPG in the household sector. Dimethyl ether (DME) is the well-fit candidate to substitute LPG because of its properties similarities. However, discrepancies in the properties, such as combustion enthalpy and corrosivity, lead to adjustments in the application. Coal is a potential raw material to produce DME, especially in Indonesia, known as the fourth-largest coal producer globally. However, the gasification of coal into DME brings a problem in its sustainability. To compensate for the emission, co-processing of DME with biomass, especially from agricultural residue, has been discovered. Recently, carbon dioxide (CO2) captured from the gasification process has also been developed as the raw material to produce DME. The utilization of CO2 recycling into DME consists of two approaches, methanol synthesis and dehydration reactions (indirect synthesis) and direct hydrogenation of CO2 to DME (direct synthesis). The reactions are supported by the catalytic activity that strongly depends on the metal dispersion, use of dopants and the support choice. Direct synthesis can increase the efficiency of catalysts used for both methanol synthesis and dehydration. This paper intended to summarize the recent advancements in sustainable DME processing. Moreover, an analysis of DME's impact and feasibility in Indonesia was conducted based on the resources, processes, environmental and economic aspects. Keywords: coal gasification, DME, energy security, LPG, sustainable
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Patni, Neha, Pallav Shah, Shruti Agarwal, and Piyush Singhal. "Alternate Strategies for Conversion of Waste Plastic to Fuels." ISRN Renewable Energy 2013 (May 20, 2013): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/902053.

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The present rate of economic growth is unsustainable without saving of fossil energy like crude oil, natural gas, or coal. There are many alternatives to fossil energy such as biomass, hydropower, and wind energy. Also, suitable waste management strategy is another important aspect. Development and modernization have brought about a huge increase in the production of all kinds of commodities, which indirectly generate waste. Plastics have been one of the materials because of their wide range of applications due to versatility and relatively low cost. The paper presents the current scenario of the plastic consumption. The aim is to provide the reader with an in depth analysis regarding the recycling techniques of plastic solid waste (PSW). Recycling can be divided into four categories: primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary. As calorific value of the plastics is comparable to that of fuel, so production of fuel would be a better alternative. So the methods of converting plastic into fuel, specially pyrolysis and catalytic degradation, are discussed in detail and a brief idea about the gasification is also included. Thus, we attempt to address the problem of plastic waste disposal and shortage of conventional fuel and thereby help in promotion of sustainable environment.
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Dowaki, Kiyoshi, Shunsuke Mori, Chihiro Fukushima, and Noriyasu Asai. "A comprehensive economic analysis of biomass gasification systems." Electrical Engineering in Japan 153, no. 3 (2005): 52–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/eej.20089.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Economic aspects of Biomass gasification"

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Dahmani, Manel. "Analyse 4E (Energétique, Exergétique, Environnementale et Economique) de systèmes de valorisation énergétique de biomasses." Thesis, Paris, CNAM, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017CNAM1165/document.

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L’épuisement des ressources fossiles et la nécessité de réduire les émissions de gaz à effet de serre incitent à rechercher de nouvelles sources d’énergie à la fois renouvelables et moins polluantes. La biomasse, par son abondance, apparaît comme une filière intéressante de remplacement des énergies fossiles et notamment du pétrole. L’objectif de ce travail est d’effectuer une analyse 4E (Energétique, Exergétique, Environnementale et Economique) d’un système de production de l’électricité via la gazéification des déchets de palmiers. Ces derniers constituent l’une des richesses végétales les plus abondantes en Tunisie et qui de nos jours, restent très peu exploitées. Un gazéifieur à lit fixe couplé à un moteur à combustion interne est considéré pour produire 330kW d’électricité. Le rendement de gazéification « Cold Gaz Efficiency » du procédé est de 58,58%. Les résultats montrent que les rendements énergétique et exergétique du système étudié sont de 22,6% et 19,22%, respectivement. Les performances environnementales du système sont évaluées à l’aide d’une Analyse de Cycle de Vie (ACV). L’évaluation économique est réalisée dans le but d’évaluer le coût de production de l’électricité par l’installation de gazéification. Les résultats donnent un coût de 3,88ct€ pour 1kWh
The fossil fuels depletion and the need to reduce greenhouse gas emissions encourage the search for new energy sources that are renewable and less polluting. Thanks to its abundance, biomass appears as an interesting sector of replacement of fossil fuels. The objective of this work is to perform a 4E analysis (Energy, Exergy, Environmental and Economic) of an electricity production system via the gasification of palm waste. Palm watse constitutes one of the most abundant vegetable wealth in Tunisia and which today, remain very little exploited. A fixed bed gasifier coupled to an internal combustion engine is considered to produce330 kW of electricity. The Cold Gas Efficiency of the process is 58.58%. The results show that the energy and exergy yields of the system are 22.6% and 19.22%, respectively. The environmental performance of the system is evaluated using a Life Cycle Assessment (LCA). The economic evaluation is carried out in order to evaluate the cost of electricity production by the gasification plant. The results give a cost of 3.88 ct€ for 1kWh
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Ihiabe, Daniel. "Assessing biomass-fired gas turbine power plants : a techno-economic and environmental perspective." Thesis, Cranfield University, 2013. http://dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk/handle/1826/8451.

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Fossil fuels continue to deplete with use as they are irreplaceable. In addition, the environmental impact with the continuous use of these conventional fuels has generated global concern due to the production of harmful emission gases. An alternative source of energy has become inevitable. Technological advancements in the area of biomass use for both aviation and power generation are at different levels of development. There is however the need for an integrated approach to assess gas turbine engine behaviour in terms of performance, emission and economics when they are running on biofuels. The current research work is concerned with finding alternative fuel resources for use on stationary gas turbine engines for power generation with the necessary identification of suitable biofuels using a multidisciplinary approach. A techno-economic, environmental and risk assessment (TERA) model comprising the performance, emissions, economics and risk modules has been developed. There had been several simulations of two gas turbine engines (GTEs) to ascertain the effects of both ambient and operating conditions and the effect of fuel types on the engines. These simulations were done with the use of an in-house code-the Turbomatch and a code developed for the steam cycle which is employed for the combined cycle simulation. Cont/d.
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Stoppiello, Giovanni <1976&gt. "Biomass Gasification - Process analysis and dimensioning aspects for downdraft units and gas cleaning lines." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2010. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/2694/.

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In such territories where food production is mostly scattered in several small / medium size or even domestic farms, a lot of heterogeneous residues are produced yearly, since farmers usually carry out different activities in their properties. The amount and composition of farm residues, therefore, widely change during year, according to the single production process periodically achieved. Coupling high efficiency micro-cogeneration energy units with easy handling biomass conversion equipments, suitable to treat different materials, would provide many important advantages to the farmers and to the community as well, so that the increase in feedstock flexibility of gasification units is nowadays seen as a further paramount step towards their wide spreading in rural areas and as a real necessity for their utilization at small scale. Two main research topics were thought to be of main concern at this purpose, and they were therefore discussed in this work: the investigation of fuels properties impact on gasification process development and the technical feasibility of small scale gasification units integration with cogeneration systems. According to these two main aspects, the present work was thus divided in two main parts. The first one is focused on the biomass gasification process, that was investigated in its theoretical aspects and then analytically modelled in order to simulate thermo-chemical conversion of different biomass fuels, such as wood (park waste wood and softwood), wheat straw, sewage sludge and refuse derived fuels. The main idea is to correlate the results of reactor design procedures with the physical properties of biomasses and the corresponding working conditions of gasifiers (temperature profile, above all), in order to point out the main differences which prevent the use of the same conversion unit for different materials. At this scope, a gasification kinetic free model was initially developed in Excel sheets, considering different values of air to biomass ratio and the downdraft gasification technology as particular examined application. The differences in syngas production and working conditions (process temperatures, above all) among the considered fuels were tried to be connected to some biomass properties, such elementary composition, ash and water contents. The novelty of this analytical approach was the use of kinetic constants ratio in order to determine oxygen distribution among the different oxidation reactions (regarding volatile matter only) while equilibrium of water gas shift reaction was considered in gasification zone, by which the energy and mass balances involved in the process algorithm were linked together, as well. Moreover, the main advantage of this analytical tool is the easiness by which the input data corresponding to the particular biomass materials can be inserted into the model, so that a rapid evaluation on their own thermo-chemical conversion properties is possible to be obtained, mainly based on their chemical composition A good conformity of the model results with the other literature and experimental data was detected for almost all the considered materials (except for refuse derived fuels, because of their unfitting chemical composition with the model assumptions). Successively, a dimensioning procedure for open core downdraft gasifiers was set up, by the analysis on the fundamental thermo-physical and thermo-chemical mechanisms which are supposed to regulate the main solid conversion steps involved in the gasification process. Gasification units were schematically subdivided in four reaction zones, respectively corresponding to biomass heating, solids drying, pyrolysis and char gasification processes, and the time required for the full development of each of these steps was correlated to the kinetics rates (for pyrolysis and char gasification processes only) and to the heat and mass transfer phenomena from gas to solid phase. On the basis of this analysis and according to the kinetic free model results and biomass physical properties (particles size, above all) it was achieved that for all the considered materials char gasification step is kinetically limited and therefore temperature is the main working parameter controlling this step. Solids drying is mainly regulated by heat transfer from bulk gas to the inner layers of particles and the corresponding time especially depends on particle size. Biomass heating is almost totally achieved by the radiative heat transfer from the hot walls of reactor to the bed of material. For pyrolysis, instead, working temperature, particles size and the same nature of biomass (through its own pyrolysis heat) have all comparable weights on the process development, so that the corresponding time can be differently depending on one of these factors according to the particular fuel is gasified and the particular conditions are established inside the gasifier. The same analysis also led to the estimation of reaction zone volumes for each biomass fuel, so as a comparison among the dimensions of the differently fed gasification units was finally accomplished. Each biomass material showed a different volumes distribution, so that any dimensioned gasification unit does not seem to be suitable for more than one biomass species. Nevertheless, since reactors diameters were found out quite similar for all the examined materials, it could be envisaged to design a single units for all of them by adopting the largest diameter and by combining together the maximum heights of each reaction zone, as they were calculated for the different biomasses. A total height of gasifier as around 2400mm would be obtained in this case. Besides, by arranging air injecting nozzles at different levels along the reactor, gasification zone could be properly set up according to the particular material is in turn gasified. Finally, since gasification and pyrolysis times were found to considerably change according to even short temperature variations, it could be also envisaged to regulate air feeding rate for each gasified material (which process temperatures depend on), so as the available reactor volumes would be suitable for the complete development of solid conversion in each case, without even changing fluid dynamics behaviour of the unit as well as air/biomass ratio in noticeable measure. The second part of this work dealt with the gas cleaning systems to be adopted downstream the gasifiers in order to run high efficiency CHP units (i.e. internal engines and micro-turbines). Especially in the case multi–fuel gasifiers are assumed to be used, weightier gas cleaning lines need to be envisaged in order to reach the standard gas quality degree required to fuel cogeneration units. Indeed, as the more heterogeneous feed to the gasification unit, several contaminant species can simultaneously be present in the exit gas stream and, as a consequence, suitable gas cleaning systems have to be designed. In this work, an overall study on gas cleaning lines assessment is carried out. Differently from the other research efforts carried out in the same field, the main scope is to define general arrangements for gas cleaning lines suitable to remove several contaminants from the gas stream, independently on the feedstock material and the energy plant size The gas contaminant species taken into account in this analysis were: particulate, tars, sulphur (in H2S form), alkali metals, nitrogen (in NH3 form) and acid gases (in HCl form). For each of these species, alternative cleaning devices were designed according to three different plant sizes, respectively corresponding with 8Nm3/h, 125Nm3/h and 350Nm3/h gas flows. Their performances were examined on the basis of their optimal working conditions (efficiency, temperature and pressure drops, above all) and their own consumption of energy and materials. Successively, the designed units were combined together in different overall gas cleaning line arrangements, paths, by following some technical constraints which were mainly determined from the same performance analysis on the cleaning units and from the presumable synergic effects by contaminants on the right working of some of them (filters clogging, catalysts deactivation, etc.). One of the main issues to be stated in paths design accomplishment was the tars removal from the gas stream, preventing filters plugging and/or line pipes clogging At this scope, a catalytic tars cracking unit was envisaged as the only solution to be adopted, and, therefore, a catalytic material which is able to work at relatively low temperatures was chosen. Nevertheless, a rapid drop in tars cracking efficiency was also estimated for this same material, so that an high frequency of catalysts regeneration and a consequent relevant air consumption for this operation were calculated in all of the cases. Other difficulties had to be overcome in the abatement of alkali metals, which condense at temperatures lower than tars, but they also need to be removed in the first sections of gas cleaning line in order to avoid corrosion of materials. In this case a dry scrubber technology was envisaged, by using the same fine particles filter units and by choosing for them corrosion resistant materials, like ceramic ones. Besides these two solutions which seem to be unavoidable in gas cleaning line design, high temperature gas cleaning lines were not possible to be achieved for the two larger plant sizes, as well. Indeed, as the use of temperature control devices was precluded in the adopted design procedure, ammonia partial oxidation units (as the only considered methods for the abatement of ammonia at high temperature) were not suitable for the large scale units, because of the high increase of reactors temperature by the exothermic reactions involved in the process. In spite of these limitations, yet, overall arrangements for each considered plant size were finally designed, so that the possibility to clean the gas up to the required standard degree was technically demonstrated, even in the case several contaminants are simultaneously present in the gas stream. Moreover, all the possible paths defined for the different plant sizes were compared each others on the basis of some defined operational parameters, among which total pressure drops, total energy losses, number of units and secondary materials consumption. On the basis of this analysis, dry gas cleaning methods proved preferable to the ones including water scrubber technology in al of the cases, especially because of the high water consumption provided by water scrubber units in ammonia adsorption process. This result is yet connected to the possibility to use activated carbon units for ammonia removal and Nahcolite adsorber for chloride acid. The very high efficiency of this latter material is also remarkable. Finally, as an estimation of the overall energy loss pertaining the gas cleaning process, the total enthalpy losses estimated for the three plant sizes were compared with the respective gas streams energy contents, these latter obtained on the basis of low heating value of gas only. This overall study on gas cleaning systems is thus proposed as an analytical tool by which different gas cleaning line configurations can be evaluated, according to the particular practical application they are adopted for and the size of cogeneration unit they are connected to.
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Nordin, Anders. "On the chemistry of combustion and gasification of biomass fuels, peat and waste : environmental aspects." Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Kemiska institutionen, 1993. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-110672.

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Ma, Charlie. "Aspects of Ash Transformations in Pressurised Entrained-Flow Gasification of Woody Biomass : Pilot-scale studies." Doctoral thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Energivetenskap, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-62914.

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Pressurised entrained-flow gasification (PEFG) of woody biomass has the potential to produce high purity syngas for the production of vital chemicals, e.g., biofuels. However, ash-related issues such as reactor blockages and refractory corrosion need to be addressed before this potential can be realised from a technical perspective. These undesirable consequences can be brought about by slag formation involving inorganic ash-forming elements and the chemical transformations that they undergo during fuel conversion. The objective of this study was to elucidate the ash transformations of the major ash-forming elements and the slag formation process. A pilot-scale PEFG reactor was used as the basis of the study, gasifying different woody biomass-based fuels including wood, bark, and a bark/peat mixture. Different ash fractions were collected and chemically analysed. Reactor slags had elemental distributions differing from that of the fuel ash, indicating the occurrence of fractionation of ash material during fuel conversion. Fly ash particles from a bark campaign were also heterogeneous with particles exhibiting differing compositions and physical properties; e.g., molten and crystalline formations. Si was consistently enriched in the reactor slags compared to other major ash-forming elements, while analyses of other ash fractions indicated that K was likely volatilised to a significant extent. In terms of slag behaviour, near-wall temperatures of approximately 1050-1200 °C inside the reactor were insufficient to form flowing ash slag for continuous extraction of ash material during firing the woody biomass fuels alone. However, fuel blending of a bark fuel with a silica-rich peat changed the chemical composition of the reactor slags and bulk slag flow behaviour was evident. Thermochemical equilibrium calculations supported the importance of Si in melt formation and in lowering solidus and liquidus temperatures of Ca-rich slag compositions that are typical from clean wood and bark. Viscosity estimations also showed the impact that solids have upon slag flow behaviour and corresponded qualitatively to the experimental observations. Corrosion of reactor refractory was observed. The mullite-based refractory of the reactor formed a slag with the fuel ash slag, which caused the former to flux away. Reactor blockages were also resultant because of the high viscosity of this slag near the outlet.  A preliminary study into the corrosion of different refractories was also carried out, based on firing a bark/peat mixture.  Alumina-rich refractories consisting of corundum, hibonite, mullite, and andalusite tended to form anorthite and exhibited varying degrees of degradation. Infiltration of slag was evident for all the samples and was a severe mode of degradation for some refractories. For fused-cast periclase and spinel-based refractories, slag infiltration was limited to voids and no extensive signs of refractory dissolution were found. This is also supported by a thermochemical equilibrium calculations mimicking slag infiltration that incorporated viscosity estimations. The findings from this thesis contribute towards the development of woody biomass PEFG by highlighting issues concerning ash fractionation, slag behaviours and ash\slash refractory interaction that should be investigated further.
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Zang, Guiyan. "Biomass gasification application on power generation: BIGCC systems comparison and other system design." Diss., University of Iowa, 2019. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/6898.

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Biomass is an attractive renewable energy resource for electricity generation, which has the potential to protect air quality, reduce dependence on fossil fuel, and improve forest health. Biomass gasification is a technology that transfers solid or liquid biomass into gaseous energy carrier (syngas) to increase the efficiency of electricity generation. The objective of this thesis is to supply a detailed feasibility study and provide a state-of-the-art economical pathway on biomass gasification application. The work of this dissertation can be separated into two parts: commercial-scale biomass integrated gasification combined cycle (BIGCC) power plants comparison and other biomass gasification system design. The first part compares eight BIGCC systems with three groups of technology variations of gasification agent, syngas combustion method, and CO2 capture and storage. By comparing on performance, economic, and environmental indicators of these systems, it is found that BIGCC systems have higher exergy efficiency and lower emissions than biomass combustion electricity production system and electricity grid. However, its levelized cost of electricity is around 27% higher than the average electricity market price. To reduce the BIGCC system’s cost, in the second part of this thesis, the potential for waste material gasification has been discussed. This part discussed the tire gasification and the gasification technology application for avian influenza poultry management. Results showed that tire gasification has a lower cost than natural gas which has the potential to reduce the BIGCC system’s cost. Moreover, gasification is an effective and economical available approach for avian influenza poultry management.
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Mohammadi, Saeed. "Techno-economic analysis of the integration of oxygen membranes for oxygen production in biomass gasification plants." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2019.

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This thesis is relying on modeling of MIEC membranes inside a gasifier and it seeks to find an appropriate configuration to use in gasification setup for pure oxygen production and use it inside the gasifier in a gasification process. Application of pure oxygen instead of air can play a key role in gasification processes. Since conventional methods for separation of oxygen such as cryogenic distillation are energy intensive and some of them cannot provide full purity for oxygen, an alternative method can be a good option. This substitute method which is the focus of this study, can be achieved by using specific ceramic membranes directly inside the gasifier. Although some effort have been spent on these membranes, there is still a lack of study on direct integration inside gasifier using this technology. In the present work, a modeling study of these membranes has been carried out using Engineering Equation Solver (EES). EES is a commercial software package used for solution of systems of simultaneous non-linear equations. The gasifier model was previously prepared and was studied to simulate the behavior of a downdraft gasifier. During the simulation some hypothesizes are assumed to make the available flux, model for the chosen membrane, keep working. Besides, an alternative membrane is assumed to have more precise results. Then all the suggested configurations were studied based on energy consumption and economic aspects. The economic studies was focused on the alternative which had lower flux. So, the area of the membrane required is more. Finally, the results where compared with a similar cryogenic distillation plant used to produce pure oxygen.
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Rutherford, John Peter. "Heat and Power Applications of Advanced Biomass Gasifiers in New Zealand's Wood Industry A Chemical Equilibrium Model and Economic Feasibility Assessment." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Chemical and Process Engineering, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/1142.

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The Biomass Integrated Gasification Application Systems (BIGAS) consortium is a research group whose focus is on developing modern biomass gasification technology for New Zealand's wood industry. This thesis is undertaken under objective four of the BIGAS consortium, whose goal is to develop modelling tools for aiding in the design of pilot-scale gasification plant and for assessing the economic feasibility of gasification energy plant. This thesis presents a chemical equilibrium-based gasification model and an economic feasibility assessment of gasification energy plant. Chemical equilibrium is proven to accurately predict product gas composition for large scale, greater than one megawatt thermal, updraft gasification. However, chemical equilibrium does not perform as well for small scale, 100 to 150 kilowatt thermal, Fast Internally Circulating Fluidised Bed (FICFB) gasification. Chemical equilibrium provides a number of insights on how altering gasification parameters will affect the composition of the product gas and will provide a useful tool in the design of pilot-scale plant. The economic model gives a basis for judging the optimal process and the overall appeal of integrating biomass gasification-based heat and power plants into New Zealand's MDF industry. The model is what Gerrard (2000) defines as a 'study estimate' model which has a probable range of accuracy of ±20% to ±30%. The modelling results show that gasification-gas engine plants are economically appealing when sized to meet the internal electricity demands of an MDF plant. However, biomass gasification combined cycle plants (BIGCC) and gasificationgas turbine plants are proven to be uneconomic in the New Zealand context.
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Koch, David. "Syngas, mixed alcohol and diesel synthesis from forest residues via gasification - an economic analysis." Thesis, Atlanta, Ga. : Georgia Institute of Technology, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/28131.

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Thesis (M. S.)--Chemical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2009.
Committee Chair: Realff, Matthew; Committee Member: DeMartini, Nikolai; Committee Member: Muzzy, John; Committee Member: Sievers, Carsten.
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BERNARD, KIVUMBI. "EVALUATION OF POSSIBLE GASIFIER-ENGINE APPLICATIONS WITH MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE (A CASE STUDY OF KAMPALA)." Thesis, KTH, Kraft- och värmeteknologi, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-98777.

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Gasification of biomass for electricity power generation has been a proven technology in a number of countries in the world. MSW consists of biomass, glass, plastics, metallic scrap and street debris. Biomass constitutes the highest proportion of MSW and being an energy resource, implies that it can contribute tremendously to the energy needs of any country since every country is endowed with this resource which is generated in enormous tonnes per day. The challenge would then be the choice of the technology to harness this abundant energy resource subject to financial and environmental constraints.    In Uganda, MSW gasification for power generation has never been implemented in spite of the 500-600 tonnes of MSW collected per day, the biomass component of the MSW comprising 88%. MSW is instead collected in skips, transported by trucks to a landfill were it is deposited and left to decompose releasing methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide (CO2) gases which are highly potent greenhouse gases. In this regard, the many tonnes per day of MSW collected in Kampala city (area of the study) portray significant potential of generating producer gas using the technology of gasification to run engines for power generation and this study evaluated possible gasifier-engine system applications for power generation. Experiments were carried out  at the Faculty of Technology, Makerere University to determine biomass characteristics (e.g. moisture content, ash content) and gasification parameters(e.g. lower heating value)  of MSW required for gasifier-engine applications. After establishing the lower heating value of the producer gas from MSW, a theoretical design of a gasifier-engine system was investigated for possible applications with the biomass component of MSW and an economic analysis was done to assess the feasibility of the project.
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Books on the topic "Economic aspects of Biomass gasification"

1

Spath, Pamela L. Update of hydrogen from biomass: Determination of the delivered cost of hydrogen : milestone completion report. Golden, CO: National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 2003.

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Craig, Kevin R. Cost and performance analysis of biomass-based integrated gasification combined-cycle (BIGCC) power systems. Golden, CO: National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 1996.

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Nowak-Woźny, Dorota, and Maria Mazur. Some aspects of renewable energy. Wrocław: Oficyna Wydawnicza Politechniki Wrocławskiej, 2011.

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Nowak-Woźny, Dorota, and Maria Mazur. Some aspects of renewable energy. Wrocław: Oficyna Wydawnicza Politechniki Wrocławskiej, 2011.

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Commission, European, ed. An assessment of the possibilities for transfer of European biomass gasification technology to China. Luxembourg: Office for Official Publications of the European Communities, 1999.

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Mann, Margaret K. Life cycle assessment of a biomass gasification combined-cycle power system. Golden, CO (1617 Cole Blvd., Golden 880401-3393): National Renewal Energy Laboratory, [1999], 1997.

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Fitzgerald, John D. The economics of biomass in Ireland. Dublin: Economic and Social Research Institute, 1999.

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Rosson, James F. The woody biomass resource of Alabama. New Orleans, La: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, Southern Forest Experiment Station, 1986.

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Rosson, James F. The woody biomass resource of Alabama. New Orleans, La: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, Southern Forest Experiment Station, 1986.

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Rosson, James F. The woody biomass resource of Alabama. New Orleans, La: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, Southern Forest Experiment Station, 1986.

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Book chapters on the topic "Economic aspects of Biomass gasification"

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Monarca, Danilo, Massimo Cecchini, Andrea Colantoni, and Alvaro Marucci. "Feasibility of the Electric Energy Production through Gasification Processes of Biomass: Technical and Economic Aspects." In Computational Science and Its Applications - ICCSA 2011, 307–15. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-21898-9_27.

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Lunnan, Anders, Lelde Vilkriste, Gunnar Wilhelmsen, Diana Mizaraite, Antti Asikainen, and Dominik Röser. "Policy And Economic Aspects Of Forest Energy Utilisation." In Sustainable Use of Forest Biomass for Energy, 197–234. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-5054-1_8.

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Khanchi, Amit, Bhavna Sharma, Ashokkumar Sharma, Ajay Kumar, Jaya Shankar Tumuluru, and Stuart Birrell. "Effects of Mechanical Preprocessing Technologies on Gasification Performance and Economic Value of Syngas." In Biomass Preprocessing and Pretreatments for Production of Biofuels, 50–82. Boca Raton, FL : CRC Press, Taylor & Francis Group, [2018] | "A science publishers book.": CRC Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781315153735-3.

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Bocci, Enrico, Andrea Di Carlo, Luigi Vecchione, Mauro Villarini, Marcello De Falco, and Alessandro Dell’Era. "Technical-Economic Analysis of an Innovative Cogenerative Small Scale Biomass Gasification Power Plant." In Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 256–70. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-39643-4_20.

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Schroeder, Grzegorz, Beata Messyasz, and Bogusława Łęska. "Economic Aspects of Algae Biomass Harvesting for Industrial Purposes. The Life-Cycle Assessment of the Product." In Algae Biomass: Characteristics and Applications, 131–43. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-74703-3_12.

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Im-orb, Karittha, and Amornchai Arpornwichanop. "A Review on the Technical and Economic Prospects of Biofuel Production from Integrated Biomass Gasification and Fischer-Tropsch Processes." In Integration of Clean and Sustainable Energy Resources and Storage in Multi-Generation Systems, 283–315. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-42420-6_14.

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Grebner, Donald L., Robert K. Grala, Omkar Joshi, and Gustavo Perez-Verdin. "Physical and Economic Aspects to Assessing Woody Biomass Availability for Bioenergy Production and Related Supply Constraints." In Handbook of Bioenergy, 299–321. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-20092-7_13.

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Antonio Mayoral Chavando, José, Valter Silva, Danielle Regina Da Silva Guerra, Daniela Eusébio, João Sousa Cardoso, and Luís A.C. Tarelho. "Review Chapter: Waste to Energy through Pyrolysis and Gasification in Brazil and Mexico." In Gasification [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.98383.

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Millions of tons of forest residues, agricultural residues, and municipal solid waste are generated in Latin America (LATAM) each year. Regularly, municipal solid waste is diverted to landfills or dumpsites. Meanwhile, forest and agricultural residues end up decomposing in the open air or burnt, releasing greenhouse gases. Those residues can be transformed into a set of energy vectors and organic/chemical products through thermochemical conversion processes, such as pyrolysis and gasification. This book chapter provides information on current examples of gasification on large scale in the world, which typically operate at 700°C, atmospheric pressure, and in a fluidized bed reactor. The produced gas is used for heat and energy generation. Whereas pyrolysis at a large scale operates around 500°C, atmospheric pressure, and in an inert atmosphere, using a fluidized bed reactor. The produced combustible liquid is used for heat and energy generation. The decision of using any of these technologies will depend on the nature and availability of residues, energy carries, techno-socio-economic aspects, and the local interest. In this regard, the particular situation of Brazil and Mexico is analyzed to implement these technologies. Its implementation could reduce the utilization of fossil fuels, generate extra income for small farmers or regions, and reduce the problem derived from the accumulation of residues. However, it is concluded that it is more convenient to use decentralized gasification and pyrolysis stations than full-scale processes, which could be an intermediate step to a large-scale process. The capabilities of numerical models to describe these processes are also provided to assess the potential composition of a gas produced from some biomass species available in these countries.
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Basu, Prabir. "Economic Issues of Biomass Energy Conversion." In Biomass Gasification, Pyrolysis and Torrefaction, 29–47. Elsevier, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-812992-0.00002-9.

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Basu, Prabir. "Economic Issues of Biomass Energy Conversion." In Biomass Gasification, Pyrolysis and Torrefaction, 29–46. Elsevier, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-396488-5.00002-2.

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Conference papers on the topic "Economic aspects of Biomass gasification"

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Tupper, Kendra, and Jan F. Kreider. "Life Cycle Impacts and External Costs for Various Hydrogen Pathways." In ASME 2006 International Solar Energy Conference. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/isec2006-99032.

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Hydrogen is an energy vector of considerable recent interest because of its perceived environmental benignity. Aspects of the hydrogen economy are addressed in this article by quantifying associated impacts and costs. For the first time, important questions are addressed in a comprehensive way. Impact assessments and external cost analyses investigate whether hydrogen should replace standard fuels and which production technologies are preferred. Finally, the life cycle stages of that contribute the largest impacts are identified. If external costs are to be minimized in the operation of a U.S. hydrogen economy, it is recommended that hydrogen (H2) be produced from solar thermochemical (STC) cycles and wind electrolysis, with the possible use of steam methane reforming (SMR). The external costs associated with biomass gasification are shown to be comparable with those for wind electrolysis. Thus, biomass-produced hydrogen could also be a viable alternative, especially in areas ideally suited to the growth of energy crops. Finally, the most influential life cycle stages are the Construction of the Fuel Cell Vehicle (FCV) and Hydrogen Production (except for the environmentally benign wind electrolysis). For the wind/electrolysis case, the majority of impacts come from plant construction.
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Salo, K., A. Horvath, and J. Patel. "Pressurized Gasification of Biomass." In ASME 1998 International Gas Turbine and Aeroengine Congress and Exhibition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/98-gt-349.

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Biomass is a fuel of increasing interest in power generation since it is clean and renewable. Besides conventional power generating systems biomass fuel will be utilized in Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle (IGCC) power plants in the near future. Carbona Inc. (the successor to Enviropower Inc.) is commercializing a biomass fueled IGCC system. This system is based on a simplified IGCC process which applies the gasification technology originally developed by the Institute of Gas Technology (IGT) and further developed by Enviropower before licensing the technology to Carbona and an advanced hot gas clean-up system. An extensive pilot test program has been carried out by Enviropower/Carbona covering all aspects of a biomass based gasification process. More than 5000 tons of different biomass feedstocks have been gasified at the pilot plant in Tampere, Finland. The pilot plant converts 15 MW (51 MMBtu/h) thermal input of fuel to product gas. Several biomass qualities/mixtures have been used during the test runs including hard wood, soft wood with and without branches, needles and bark. Short rotation biomass like willow and alfalfa have also been tested. This paper concentrates on the results and differences in gasification of different biomass materials with special emphasis on the suitability of product gas for gas turbines, the fate of ammonia, vapor phase alkali metals and air toxics. The development of demonstration projects is also discussed in this paper.
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Cattolica, Robert, Richard Herz, James Giolitto, and Matt Summers. "Economic Analysis of a 3 MW Biomass Gasification Power Plant." In ASME 2009 3rd International Conference on Energy Sustainability collocated with the Heat Transfer and InterPACK09 Conferences. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2009-90374.

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An economic and technical analysis of the use of separated wood biomass as a feedstock for gasification for a 3 MW power plant was conducted for the Miramar Landfill, located in San Diego County, CA. The method to generate combustible gas from the biomass is based on a dual-fluidized bed gasification process which operates at atmospheric pressure with air and produces a high quality producer gas with little nitrogen. The objective of the study was to determine the economic feasibility of the proposed biomass power system in terms of the potential revenue streams and costs. Major economic considerations in the analysis include feedstock, capital, and operating costs. Regulatory issues, inclusive of production credits, renewable energy incentives, and feed-in tariffs are addressed as significant economic inputs. The Miramar landfill, in San Diego County, CA is representative of a typical existing urban landfill, with corresponding feedstock and some market for separated wood biomass. The economic analysis of the proposed 3MW gasification power plant indicates that it would not have a net positive NPV under the current urban scenario. More likely successful candidates are landfill sites in more rural areas or urban sites, where new landfills are being developed or where the landfill is no longer operational but has become a transfer station. In all cases waste heat sales are a critical element in determining economic viability.
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Li, Longzhi, Zhanlong Song, Chunyuan Ma, and Xiqiang Zhao. "Technical and Economic Analysis on Syngas Production from Biomass Gasification." In 2010 Asia-Pacific Power and Energy Engineering Conference. IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/appeec.2010.5448387.

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Lepszy, Sebastian, and Tadeusz Chmielniak. "Technical and Economic Analysis of Biomass Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle." In ASME Turbo Expo 2010: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2010-23407.

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Biomass integrated gasification combined cycles (BIGCC) are an interesting solution for electricity production. In relation to other biomass conversion technologies, BIGCC is characterized by relatively high energy efficiency. This article presents models and results of simulations of the gas steam cycles integrated with pressurized gasification using biomass as a feedstock. The model and simulations are preformed with Aspen Plus® computer program. The gas generator model consists of two equilibrium reactors. The use of two reactors led to more precise simulations of the flue gas composition, than the model with one reactor. The systems used for study include high-temperature gas cleaning system and a simple gas turbine. The steam cycle consists of 1-pressure heat recovery steam generator (HRSG) and a condensing steam turbine. The main results of the work are: comparison of energy efficiency for a system with different pressure ratio in a gas turbine, sensitive analysis of the impact of steam temperature and pressure in HRSG on energy efficiency. The economic analysis includes determination of the electricity price in Polish economic conditions.
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Wu, Chuangzhi, Haitao Huang, Shunpeng Zheng, Zengfan Luo, Xiuli Yin, and Yong Chen. "TECHNO-ECONOMIC EVALUATION OF BIOMASS GASIFICATION AND POWER GENERATION IN CHINA." In Proceedings of the Third Asia-Pacific Conference. WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789812791924_0056.

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Fracaro, Guilherme P. M., S. N. M. Souza, M. Medeiros, D. F. Formentini, and C. A. Marques. "Economic Feasibility of Biomass Gasification for Small-Scale Electricity Generation in Brazil." In World Renewable Energy Congress – Sweden, 8–13 May, 2011, Linköping, Sweden. Linköping University Electronic Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.3384/ecp11057295.

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Paskach, Thomas J., and John P. Reardon. "Gasification: Eliminating Risks Associated With Co-Firing Biomass." In ASME 2010 Power Conference. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/power2010-27360.

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Under certain greenhouse gas (GHG) regulation scenarios, older coal-fired units may be faced with the prospect of shutdown before reaching the end of their useful life. Repurposing this existing asset for 100% biomass fuel is a more efficient use of capital than compared to building a new stand-alone unit. Biomass co-firing is an alternative for an owner to consider to address GHG regulation impacts on older coal-fired power boilers and the growing demands of pending legislation. “Direct” co-firing is a baseline approach where finely divided biomass is injected directly into the boiler furnace. Direct co-firing experience is typically less than 5% heat rate, and technical upper limits have been described in EPRI literature (1) as approximately 10% of boiler heat. Direct co-firing also does not enhance the opportunity to co-fire biomass with natural gas. Direct biomass co-firing may require extensive renovations and emissions/particulate control devices. “Indirect” co-firing is an alternative process that mitigates process risk by first converting the biomass into a fuel gas and then cleaning this gas to remove alkali and chloride contaminants prior to combustion in the power boiler furnace. Indirect co-firing may be a superior approach from an operations perspective because it protects against forced outages and repair costs expected with direct co-firing (2). Gas cleaning to remove alkali metals from the fuel gas prior to combustion reduces process risk by reducing fouling and slagging potential. Removing chloride from the fuel gas dramatically reduces the corrosion potential. Beyond reducing process risk, separating biomass ash before combustion retains the value in separate co-product ash streams, as it prevents intermingling with the coal ash. This paper describes technical and economic considerations for indirect co-firing, contrasted with direct co-firing approaches. The renewable energy ratio of a co-fired unit could be significantly increased by employing biomass gasification of the solid fuel with gas cleanup, in contrast to process risks, added emissions control costs, and technical limitations of direct co-firing of the solid biofuel.
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Boha`r-Nordenkampf, Markus, and Hermann Hofbauer. "Biomass Gasification Combined Cycle Thermodynamic Optimisation Using Integrated Drying." In ASME Turbo Expo 2004: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2004-53269.

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The conversion of solid fuels such as biomass into a combustible gas provides the opportunity to enhance the efficiency of biomass based power systems. It allows solid fuels to be used in high efficiency power generation processes such as Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle (IGCC). Using woody biomass with high water content without drying has negative effects on the overall efficiency of the process. The option of using dryer biomass is limited by the higher fuel costs. Drying with low temperature heat is the link between the usage of wet low price fuel and optimum process conditions. In this paper, the possibilities of integrating fuel drying into a pressurized IGCC process and the effects on the efficiencies are discussed. For this purpose, an equation oriented process simulation environment with a modular structure is used. Different dryer types are integrated into this tool. Several solutions for the implementation of a drying into an IGCC process are investigated using steam and exhaust gas as heat sources. The obtained results are analyzed by the means of an exergetic analysis. Finally an optimum concept with a high electrical efficiency was obtained which will also meet the environmental regulations. Integrating drying into a biomass based IGGC concept can be an essential step for the economic operation of a plant.
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Pochwatka, Patrycja, Alina Kowalczyk-Jusko, Andrzej Mazur, Damian Janczak, Jakub Pulka, Jacek Dach, and Jakub Mazurkiewicz. "Energetic and Economic Aspects of Biogas Plants Feed with Agriculture Biomass." In 2020 4th International Conference on Green Energy and Applications (ICGEA). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icgea49367.2020.239705.

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Reports on the topic "Economic aspects of Biomass gasification"

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Francis Lau. Techno Economic Analysis of Hydrogen Production by gasification of biomass. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/816024.

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Rollins, Martha L., Les Reardon, David Nichols, Patrick Lee, Millicent Moore, Mike Crim, Robert Luttrell, and Evan Hughes. ECONOMIC EVALUATION OF CO2 SEQUESTRATION TECHNOLOGIES TASK 4, BIOMASS GASIFICATION-BASED PROCESSING. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), June 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/802155.

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Martha L. Rollins, Les Reardon, David Nichols, Patrick Lee, Millicent Moore, Mike Crim, Robert Luttrell, and Evan Hughes. ECONOMIC EVALUATION OF CO2 SEQUESTRATION TECHNOLOGIES TASK 4, BIOMASS GASIFICATION-BASED PROCESSING. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), April 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/814694.

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Anastasia M. Gribik, Ronald E. Mizia, Harry Gatley, and Benjamin Phillips. Economic and Technical Assessment of Wood Biomass Fuel Gasification for Industrial Gas Production. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/919569.

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Bruce Bryan, Joseph Rabovitser, Sunil Ghose, and Jim Patel. RESULTS OF THE TECHNICAL AND ECONOMIC FEASIBILITY ANALYSIS FOR A NOVEL BIOMASS GASIFICATION-BASED POWER GENERATION SYSTEM FOR THE FOREST PRODUCTS INDUSTRY. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), November 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/822123.

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Larson, Eric, Robert Williams, Thomas Kreutz, Ilkka Hannula, Andrea Lanzini, and Guangjian Liu. Energy, Environmental, and Economic Analyses of Design Concepts for the Co-Production of Fuels and Chemicals with Electricity via Co-Gasification of Coal and Biomass. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), March 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1047698.

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