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Journal articles on the topic 'Economic aspects of Biomass gasification'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 13 February 2022

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1

Hanina, N., and M. Asadullah. "Gasification of Oil Palm Biomass to Produce Syngas for Electricity Generation – Cost Benefit Analysis." Advanced Materials Research 906 (April 2014): 148–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.906.148.

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Fossil fuel burning for energy production creates two major issues: the global warming effect and the weak energy security. These problems can be minimized by utilizing renewable energy sources such as biomass. In order to assess the potential contribution of these technologies to the future energy security and sustainable development, a thorough evaluation of gasification technology towards economic aspects is required. This study aims to determine whether the syngas production from EFB gasification for electricity generation is viable in terms of cost-benefit analysis by evaluating the economic aspects of these technologies.

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2

Tîrtea, Raluca-Nicoleta, and Cosmin Mărculescu. "Aspects of using biomass as energy source for power generation." Proceedings of the International Conference on Business Excellence 11, no. 1 (July 1, 2017): 181–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/picbe-2017-0019.

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AbstractBiomass represents an important source of renewable energy in Romania with about 64% of the whole available green energy. Being a priority for the energy sector worldwide, in our country the development stage is poor compared to solar and wind energy. Biomass power plants offer great horizontal economy development, local and regional economic growth with benefic effects on life standard. The paper presents an analysis on biomass to power conversion solutions compared to fossil fuels using two main processes: combustion and gasification. Beside the heating value, which can be considerably higher for fossil fuels compared to biomass, a big difference between fossil fuels and biomass can be observed in the sulphur content. While the biomass sulphur content is between 0 and approximately 1%, the sulphur content of coal can reach 4%. Using coal in power plants requires important investments in installations of flue gas desulfurization. If limestone is used to reduce SO2emissions, then additional carbon dioxide moles will be released during the production of CaO from CaCO3. Therefore, fossil fuels not only release a high amount of carbon dioxide through burning, but also through the caption of sulphur dioxide, while biomass is considered CO2neutral. Biomass is in most of the cases represented by residues, so it is a free fuel compared to fossil fuels. The same power plant can be used even if biomass or fossil fuels is used as a feedstock with small differences. The biomass plant could need a drying system due to high moisture content of the biomass, while the coal plant will need a desulfurization installation of flue gas and additional money will be spent with fuel purchasing.

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Bressanin, Jéssica Marcon, Bruno Colling Klein, Mateus Ferreira Chagas, Marcos Djun Barbosa Watanabe, Isabelle Lobo de Mesquita Sampaio, Antonio Bonomi, Edvaldo Rodrigo de Morais, and Otávio Cavalett. "Techno-Economic and Environmental Assessment of Biomass Gasification and Fischer–Tropsch Synthesis Integrated to Sugarcane Biorefineries." Energies 13, no. 17 (September 3, 2020): 4576. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13174576.

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Large-scale deployment of both biochemical and thermochemical routes for advanced biofuels production is seen as a key climate change mitigation option. This study addresses techno-economic and environmental aspects of advanced liquid biofuels production alternatives via biomass gasification and Fischer–Tropsch synthesis integrated to a typical sugarcane distillery. The thermochemical route comprises the conversion of the residual lignocellulosic fraction of conventional sugarcane (bagasse and straw), together with eucalyptus and energy-cane as emerging lignocellulosic biomass options. This work promotes an integrated framework to simulate the mass and energy balances of process alternatives and incorporates techno-economic analyses and sustainability assessment methods based on a life-cycle perspective. Results show that integrated biorefineries provide greenhouse gas emission reduction between 85–95% compared to the fossil equivalent, higher than that expected from a typical sugarcane biorefinery. When considering avoided emissions by cultivated area, biorefinery scenarios processing energy-cane are favored, however at lower economic performance. Thermochemical processes may take advantage of the integration with the typical sugarcane mills and novel biofuels policies (e.g., RenovaBio) to mitigate some of the risks linked to the implementation of new biofuel technologies.

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Szwaja, Stanislaw, Anna Poskart, Monika Zajemska, and Magdalena Szwaja. "Theoretical and Experimental Analysis on Co-Gasification of Sewage Sludge with Energetic Crops." Energies 12, no. 9 (May 9, 2019): 1750. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12091750.

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As known, dried sewage sludge, is a by-product produced from waste water treatment, contains significant amounts of organic content, and makes up to 60% with overall calorific value from 9 to 12 MJ/kg. Hence, it can be considered as material for thermal processing focusing on heat and power production. Among thermal conversion technologies, gasification is seen as the effective one because it can be easily combined with heat and power cogeneration units. On the other hand, due to high mineral content (40–50%) in the sludge, it is difficult to be gasified and obtain syngas with calorific value satisfactory enough for fueling the internal combustion engine. The dried sludge can be subjected to be gasified at temperature above 850 °C. However, large amounts of mineral content do not provide favorable conditions to obtain this required temperature. Thus, it is proposed to enrich the sewage sludge with biomass characterized with significantly higher calorific value. In the article, co-gasification of sewage sludge and Virginia Mallow—energetic crops was investigated. Results from experimental and numerical investigation have been presented. The dried sewage sludge enriched with Virginia Mallow at a mass ratio of 0/100%, 50/50% and 100/0% in tests and in the range from 0 to 100% for theoretical analysis was applied in order to achieve effective gasification process. As observed, lignocellulosic biomass like Virginia Mallow contains low amounts of mineral content below 2%, which makes it appropriate for thermal processing. It contributes to more stable and efficient gasification process. Additionally, Virginia Mallow caused that the process temperature possible to achieve, was 950 °C. Thus, sewage sludge was mixed with this high-energy component in order to improve the gasification parameters and obtain syngas with higher calorific value. A zero-dimensional, two-zone model was developed with aid of the POLIMI kinetics mechanism developed by CRECK Modeling Group to simulate gasification of low calorific substances enriched with high calorific biomass. Obtained results showed that sewage sludge can be completely gasified at presence of Virginia Mallow. Syngas calorific value of approximately 5 MJ/Nm3 was produced from this gasification process. The maximal percentage of Virginia Mallow in the mixture with the sewage sludge was set at 50% due to economic aspects of the technology. It was found, that satisfactory conditions for effective gasification were achieved at this 50/50% percentage of sewage sludge and Virginia Mallow. Potential intensity of gasification was predicted from this 0-D 2-zones model, which calculates area of reduction zone to area of combustion zone. This reduction-to-combustion area ratio for the sewage sludge-Virginia Mallow mixture was estimated at value of 2. Finally, the model was successfully verified with results from tests, hence it was proposed as a tool for preliminary investigation on poor fuels gasification.

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5

Dhaundiyal, Alok, and Pramod Chandra Tewari. "Performance Evaluation of Throatless Gasifier Using Pine Needles as a Feedstock for Power Generation." Acta Technologica Agriculturae 19, no. 1 (March 1, 2016): 10–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ata-2016-0003.

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This paper deals with the performance evaluation of a throatless gasifier TG-SI-10E. Evaluation of the throatless gasifier was done in three streams, which were the thermal, design and economic aspects. It was tested with pine needles, derived from the Himalayan chir pine (Pinus roxburghii). A non-isokinetic sampling technique was used for measuring the tar and dust contents. The carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide emission at the exhaust of engine was in the range of 12.8% and 0.1-0.5% respectively. The maximum temperature of producer gas measured at the outlet of the gasifier was 505 °C. The specific biomass consumption rate of pine needles was calculated to be 1.595 kg/kWh (electrical). Specific gasification rate for the given design was found to be 107 kg/m2h. Economic evaluation was based on direct tax incidence.

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6

Matani, Behnoosh, Babak Shirazi, and Javad Soltanzadeh. "F-MaMcDm: Sustainable Green-Based Hydrogen Production Technology Roadmap Using Fuzzy Multi-Aspect Multi-Criteria Decision-Making." International Journal of Innovation and Technology Management 16, no. 08 (December 2019): 1950057. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219877019500573.

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In recent years, with increasing demand for fossil fuels, greenhouse gas emissions, acid rains, and air pollution have increased. These issues have encouraged industries to replace the existing fossil fuel system by the hydrogen energy system which is a clean energy carrier. Replacing hydrogen in the future energy systems needs a dynamic and flexible strategic tool for planning and management. Roadmapping tool is a strategic choice for supporting technology management in long-term planning and under the fast-changing environment in manufacturing technologies. This study tackles a novel methodology that considers the uncertainties and linguistic assessments for developing a green-based hydrogen production technology roadmap considering concurrent multi-layered aspects. The aim of this paper is to develop a dynamic and flexible technology roadmap using a combination of the classical roadmapping method with a novel fuzzy multi-aspect multi-criteria decision-making approach (F-MaMcDm). This study represents a quantitative paradigm to roadmapping instead of conventional descriptive “when and how” paradigm. The F-MaMcDm classifies sustainable green-based hydrogen production technologies considering four comprehensive aspects (technical, socio-political, environmental and economic) and criteria relevant to the aspects. The results show that biomass gasification is the first technology to be prioritized followed by other green-based hydrogen production technologies in a long time.

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7

Dawson, Malcolm. "Some aspects of the development of short-rotation coppice willow for biomass in Northern Ireland." Proceedings of the Royal Society of Edinburgh. Section B. Biological Sciences 98 (1992): 193–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0269727000007557.

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SynopsisWork on short-rotation coppice willow as an alternative and renewable energy source began in Northern Ireland in the mid-1970s, prompted by the massive rise in oil prices during that period. Although in the short run oil prices have dropped in real terms, interest in short-rotation coppice willow has ben sustained because of the potential role it has in the development of agriculture, particularly in marginal areas. This is particularly relevant in the current situation of over production of a wide range of agricultural commodities within the European Community and the moves to reduce Government support in the form of farm and export subsidies.Although Salix cultivars have yielded in excess of 30 tonnes dry matter (DM) ha−1 annually under experimental conditions, it is considered that 10–12 tonnes DM ha−1 is a sustainable commercial yield.Melampsora spp. rust has emerged as one of the most important factors limiting the development of short-rotation coppice as a commercial crop. For economic and environmental reasons, the application of fungicide for rust control is not a possibility. Consequently, other disease control strategies have to be established. The main focus of this work is in the selection, for suitability for coppice application, of the widening range of genetic material becoming available from breeding programmes in Canada, Sweden and Finland with a view to their incorporation into mixed stands.End product utilisation is considered a priority area for investigation if short-rotation coppice is to make a contribution to land use and the development of agriculture in marginal areas. Currently two potential end uses are being investigated: firstly fractionation – to produce cellulose for paper manufacture, hemi-cellulose for the production of molasses and lignin for further processing into other industrial chemicals, and secondly the simultaneous generation of heat and power using gasification – ‘combined heat and power’.

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8

Lim, Natasya, Vincent Felixius, and Timotius Weslie. "Achieving Sustainable Energy Security in Indonesia Through Substitution of Liquefied Petroleum Gas with Dimethyl Ether as Household Fuel." Indonesian Journal of Energy 4, no. 2 (August 31, 2021): 71–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.33116/ije.v4i2.100.

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Indonesia has been facing an energy security issue regarding Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) consumption. The rapid increase of LPG consumption and huge import have driven the Indonesian government to develop the alternative for LPG in the household sector. Dimethyl ether (DME) is the well-fit candidate to substitute LPG because of its properties similarities. However, discrepancies in the properties, such as combustion enthalpy and corrosivity, lead to adjustments in the application. Coal is a potential raw material to produce DME, especially in Indonesia, known as the fourth-largest coal producer globally. However, the gasification of coal into DME brings a problem in its sustainability. To compensate for the emission, co-processing of DME with biomass, especially from agricultural residue, has been discovered. Recently, carbon dioxide (CO2) captured from the gasification process has also been developed as the raw material to produce DME. The utilization of CO2 recycling into DME consists of two approaches, methanol synthesis and dehydration reactions (indirect synthesis) and direct hydrogenation of CO2 to DME (direct synthesis). The reactions are supported by the catalytic activity that strongly depends on the metal dispersion, use of dopants and the support choice. Direct synthesis can increase the efficiency of catalysts used for both methanol synthesis and dehydration. This paper intended to summarize the recent advancements in sustainable DME processing. Moreover, an analysis of DME's impact and feasibility in Indonesia was conducted based on the resources, processes, environmental and economic aspects. Keywords: coal gasification, DME, energy security, LPG, sustainable

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9

Patni, Neha, Pallav Shah, Shruti Agarwal, and Piyush Singhal. "Alternate Strategies for Conversion of Waste Plastic to Fuels." ISRN Renewable Energy 2013 (May 20, 2013): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/902053.

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The present rate of economic growth is unsustainable without saving of fossil energy like crude oil, natural gas, or coal. There are many alternatives to fossil energy such as biomass, hydropower, and wind energy. Also, suitable waste management strategy is another important aspect. Development and modernization have brought about a huge increase in the production of all kinds of commodities, which indirectly generate waste. Plastics have been one of the materials because of their wide range of applications due to versatility and relatively low cost. The paper presents the current scenario of the plastic consumption. The aim is to provide the reader with an in depth analysis regarding the recycling techniques of plastic solid waste (PSW). Recycling can be divided into four categories: primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary. As calorific value of the plastics is comparable to that of fuel, so production of fuel would be a better alternative. So the methods of converting plastic into fuel, specially pyrolysis and catalytic degradation, are discussed in detail and a brief idea about the gasification is also included. Thus, we attempt to address the problem of plastic waste disposal and shortage of conventional fuel and thereby help in promotion of sustainable environment.

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10

Dowaki, Kiyoshi, Shunsuke Mori, Chihiro Fukushima, and Noriyasu Asai. "A comprehensive economic analysis of biomass gasification systems." Electrical Engineering in Japan 153, no. 3 (2005): 52–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/eej.20089.

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11

Ahmad, Anis Atikah, Norfadhila Abdullah Zawawi, Farizul Hafiz Kasim, Abrar Inayat, and Azduwin Khasri. "Assessing the gasification performance of biomass: A review on biomass gasification process conditions, optimization and economic evaluation." Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 53 (January 2016): 1333–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2015.09.030.

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12

Rumão, A. S., E. F. Jaguaribe, A. F. Bezerra, B. L. N. Oliveira, and B. L. C. Queiroga. "ELECTRICITY GENERATION FROM BIOMASS GASIFICATION." Revista de Engenharia Térmica 13, no. 1 (June 30, 2014): 28. http://dx.doi.org/10.5380/reterm.v13i1.62065.

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Brazil is among the ten largest consumers of electricity in the world, and in the last decades its demand for electricity has been continuously increasing. As a consequence it has not been capable to ensure enough expansion of its electric power network, mostly affecting isolated communities. The present study discusses the use of a system formed by an Indian residue biomass gasifier and a 36 kVA engine-generator, which should generate 20 kWe, using gas-alone mode engine. The engine was, originally, a MWM D229-4 diesel engine, which was converted into an Otto cycle to run only with producer gas. The system performance was evaluated for different engine’s advance ignition angles, and two types of biomass. As the Indian gasifier was designed to operate just with dual-fuel mode to feed a gas-alone engine, some changes in the gasifier's water cleaning system were required. The modifications enabled the system to improve the power generation which overcame the 20 kWe reaching 26 kWe. Technical and economic considerations showed that the bioelectricity based on bio-residual gasifier may be a viable and ecological option for regions having enough biomass residue and not served by the system network.

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13

Jin, Cheng-Lin, Zhen-Mei Wu, Shu-Wen Wang, Zheng-Qun Cai, Ting Chen, Mohammad Reza Farahani, and De-Xun Li. "Economic assessment of biomass gasification and pyrolysis: A review." Energy Sources, Part B: Economics, Planning, and Policy 12, no. 11 (October 3, 2017): 1030–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15567249.2017.1358309.

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14

Zhang, Xiaofeng, Hongqiang Li, Lifang Liu, Chengying Bai, Shuang Wang, Jing Zeng, Xiaobo Liu, Nianping Li, and Guoqiang Zhang. "Thermodynamic and economic analysis of biomass partial gasification process." Applied Thermal Engineering 129 (January 2018): 410–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2017.10.069.

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15

Díaz González, Carlos A., and Leonardo Pacheco Sandoval. "Sustainability aspects of biomass gasification systems for small power generation." Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 134 (December 2020): 110180. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2020.110180.

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Guo, Ying Ying, and Yang Sheng Liu. "Biomass Gasification and its Applications at Home." Advanced Materials Research 236-238 (May 2011): 264–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.236-238.264.

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Bioenergy is a renewable energy with such advantages as low cost, simple construction, and it is also quite economic and effective. The bioenergy application directly displaces greenhouse gas emissions and does not contaminate environment. Based on these characteristics, biomass as a source of bioenergy has been attracting much more concern in recent years. This paper aims to introduce mechanism of biomass gasification, types of gasifiers, applications and research progress at home.

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17

Zang, Zhang, Jia, Weger, and Ratner. "Clean Poultry Energy System Design Based on Biomass Gasification Technology: Thermodynamic and Economic Analysis." Energies 12, no. 22 (November 6, 2019): 4235. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12224235.

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Despite growing attention has been paid to waste material gasification for high-efficiency energy conversion, the application of gasification technology in meat waste management is still limited. To fill this gap, this study designed two systems which evaluated the potential of using gasification technology to manage the poultry waste that has been exposed to highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI). Two systems are simulated by using Aspen plus combined with a one-dimensional kinetics control gasification model, and wood or dried poultry is selected as the feedstock for the gasifier. The results show that the energy efficiency of the poultry drying system (wood gasification) is 14.5%, which is 12% lower than that of the poultry gasification system when the poultry energy is accounted as energy input. Even though the economic analysis indicates the poultry elimination cost of the poultry gasification system is only 30 $/tonne lower than the poultry drying system, taking the absence of dried poultry burial into consideration, the poultry gasification system has development potentials. The sensitivity analysis shows that labor fee and variable factor has larger effects on the poultry elimination cost, while the uncertainty analysis determines the uncertainty level of the economic analysis results.

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Nagel, Florian P., Tilman J. Schildhauer, Nathalie McCaughey, and Serge M. A. Biollaz. "Biomass-integrated gasification fuel cell systems – Part 2: Economic analysis." International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 34, no. 16 (August 2009): 6826–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2009.05.139.

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19

Andersson, Jim, and Joakim Lundgren. "Techno-economic analysis of ammonia production via integrated biomass gasification." Applied Energy 130 (October 2014): 484–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2014.02.029.

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20

Boujjat, Houssame, Sylvain Rodat, and Stéphane Abanades. "Techno-Economic Assessment of Solar-Driven Steam Gasification of Biomass for Large-Scale Hydrogen Production." Processes 9, no. 3 (March 4, 2021): 462. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr9030462.

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Solar biomass gasification is an attractive pathway to promote biomass valorization while chemically storing intermittent solar energy into solar fuels. The economic feasibility of a solar gasification process at a large scale for centralized H2 production was assessed, based on the discounted cash-flow rate of return method to calculate the minimum H2 production cost. H2 production costs from solar-only, hybrid and conventional autothermal biomass gasification were evaluated under various economic scenarios. Considering a biomass reference cost of 0.1 €/kg, and a land cost of 12.9 €/m2, H2 minimum price was estimated at 2.99 €/kgH2 and 2.48 €/kgH2 for the allothermal and hybrid processes, respectively, against 2.25 €/kgH2 in the conventional process. A sensitivity study showed that a 50% reduction in the heliostats and solar tower costs, combined with a lower land cost of below 0.5 €/m2, allowed reaching an area of competitiveness where the three processes meet. Furthermore, an increase in the biomass feedstock cost by a factor of 2 to 3 significantly undermined the profitability of the autothermal process, in favor of solar hybrid and solar-only gasification. A comparative study involving other solar and non-solar processes led to conclude on the profitability of fossil-based processes. However, reduced CO2 emissions from the solar process and the application of carbon credits are definitely in favor of solar gasification economics, which could become more competitive. The massive deployment of concentrated solar energy across the world in the coming years can significantly reduce the cost of the solar materials and components (heliostats), and thus further alleviate the financial cost of solar gasification.

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Wen, Sheng, Shu Zhong Wang, Yan Hui Li, and Yu Zhen Wang. "Technical and Economic Evaluation of Hydrogen Production by Biomass Gasification in Supercritical Water and in Air-Steam Media." Advanced Materials Research 953-954 (June 2014): 267–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.953-954.267.

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Technical and economic conditions of hydrogen production by biomass gasification in supercritical water and in air-steam media have been evaluated. Reaction mechanism, technological process, product gas composition and operation costs of two processes were compared. Results indicate that biomass gasification in supercritical water has much more advantages than in air-steam medium, such as easier operation process, smaller machine area, high gasification efficiency, and less pollution, etc. There are no needs of biomass pretreatment and post-processing for product gas in supercritical water. Moreover, the proportions of hydrogen, carbon dioxide, methane are high, so these kinds of product gas all can be utilized. However, the cost of producing 1Nm3hydrogen in supercritical water is $0.6537, which is a little higher than $0.4228 in air-steam media. With the construction of more supercritical water unit and accumulation of more experience, hydrogen production by biomass gasification in supercritical water will have a more bright future.

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22

Hotchkiss, R. "Coal gasification technologies." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part A: Journal of Power and Energy 217, no. 1 (February 1, 2003): 27–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/095765003321148664.

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This paper reviews coal gasification processes and technology. Sources of more detailed information in specific areas are suggested. The merits and disadvantages of incorporating coal gasification into power generation plants are discussed. The recent history of coal gasification technology and the current state of projects are summarized. The potential for large-scale coal gasification, small-scale coal gasification and cogasification of coal with biomass and/or wastes in the current economic climate is discussed.

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Nam, Hoseok, Keisuke Mukai, Satoshi Konishi, and Kiwoo Nam. "Biomass gasification with high temperature heat and economic assessment of fusion-biomass hybrid system." Fusion Engineering and Design 146 (September 2019): 1838–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fusengdes.2019.03.047.

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Martis, Remston, Amani Al-Othman, Muhammad Tawalbeh, and Malek Alkasrawi. "Energy and Economic Analysis of Date Palm Biomass Feedstock for Biofuel Production in UAE: Pyrolysis, Gasification and Fermentation." Energies 13, no. 22 (November 11, 2020): 5877. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13225877.

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This work evaluates date palm waste as a cheap and available biomass feedstock in UAE for the production of biofuels. The thermochemical and biochemical routes including pyrolysis, gasification, and fermentation were investigated. Simulations were done to produce biofuels from biomass via Aspen Plus v.10. The simulation results showed that for a tonne of biomass feed, gasification produced 56 kg of hydrogen and fermentation yielded 233 kg of ethanol. Process energy requirements, however, proved to offset the bioethanol product value. For 1 tonne of biomass feed, the net duty for pyrolysis was 37 kJ, for gasification was 725 kJ, and for fermentation was 7481.5 kJ. Furthermore, for 1 tonne of date palm waste feed, pyrolysis generated a returned USD $768, gasification generated USD 166, but fermentation required an expenditure of USD 763, rendering it unfeasible. The fermentation economic analysis showed that reducing the system’s net duty to 6500 kJ/tonne biomass and converting 30% hemicellulose along with the cellulose content will result in a breakeven bioethanol fuel price of 1.85 USD/L. This fuel price falls within the acceptable 0.8–2.4 USD/L commercial feasibility range and is competitive with bioethanol produced in other processes. The economic analysis indicated that pyrolysis and gasification are economically more feasible than fermentation. To maximize profits, the wasted hemicellulose and lignin from fermentation are proposed to be used in thermochemical processes for further fuel production.

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Jankes, Goran, Marta Trninic, Mirjana Stamenic, Tomislav Simonovic, Nikola Tanasic, and Jerko Labus. "Biomass gasification with CHP production: A review of state of the art technology and near future perspectives." Thermal Science 16, suppl. 1 (2012): 115–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci120216066j.

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This paper is a review of the state of the art of biomass gasification and the future of using biomass in Serbia and it presents researches within the project ?The Development of a CHP Plant with Biomass Gasification?. The concept of downdraft demonstration unit coupled with gas engine is adopted. Downdraft fixed-bed gasification is generally favored for CHP, owing to the simple and reliable gasifiers and low content of tar and dust in produced gas. The composition and quantity of gas and the amount of air are defined by modeling biomass residues gasification process. The gas (290-400m3/h for 0.5- 0.7MW biomass input) obtained by gasification at 800oC with air at atmospheric pressure contains 14% H2, 27% CO, 9% CO2, 2% CH4, and 48% N2, and its net heating value is 4.8-6 MJ/Nm3. The expected gasifier efficiency is up to 80%. The review of the work on biomass gasification has shown that the development of technology has reached the mature stage. There are CHP plants with biomass gasification operating as demonstration plants and several gasification demonstration units are successfully oriented to biofuel production. No attempt has been made here to address the economic feasibility of the system. Economics will be the part of a later work as firmer data are acquired.

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Balážiková, Michaela, and Marianna Tomašková. "Safety Aspects of the Renewable Sources of Materials and Energy – Biomass Processing." Advanced Materials Research 1001 (August 2014): 183–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1001.183.

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The anticipated increase in the demand for wooden biomass for the production of pellets requires focusing attention on the issue of safety and health protection at work as well as application of modern machinery to minimize the risk of injury or damage to health. Biomass gasification is a promising technology, which can contribute to develop future energy systems which are efficient, safe in design and operation as well as environmental friendly in order to increase the share of renewable energy for heating, electricity, transport fuels and higher applications. Biomass gasification is ready for commerce but today large-scale introduction is hampered by various reasons. Health and Safety issues are recognized as a major barrier in the deployment of this technology.

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Sobamowo, Gbeminiyi M., and Sunday J. Ojolo. "Techno-Economic Analysis of Biomass Energy Utilization through Gasification Technology for Sustainable Energy Production and Economic Development in Nigeria." Journal of Energy 2018 (October 18, 2018): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/4860252.

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Nigeria has not been able to provide enough electric power to her about 200 million people. The last effort by the federal government to generate 6000 MW power by the end of 2009 failed. Even with the available less than 6000 MW of electricity generated in the country, only about 40% of the population have access to the electricity from the National Grid, out of which, urban centers have more than 80% accessibility while rural areas, which constitute about 70% of the total population, have less than 20% of accessibility to electricity. This paper addresses the possibility of meeting the energy demand in Nigeria through biomass gasification technology. The techno-economic analysis of biomass energy is demonstrated and the advantages of the biomass gasification technology are presented. Following the technical analysis, Nigeria is projected to have total potential of biomass of about 5.5 EJ in 2020 which has been forecast to increase to about 29.8 EJ by 2050. Based on a planned selling price of $0.727/kWh, the net present value of the project was found to be positive, the cost benefit ratio is greater than 1, and the payback period of the project is 10.14 years. These economic indicators established the economic viability of the project at the given cost. However, economic analysis shows a selling price of $0.727/kWh. Therefore, the capital investment cost, operation and maintenance cost, and fuel cost can be reduced through the development of the gasification system using local materials, purposeful and efficient plantation of biomass for the energy generation, giving out of financial incentives by the government to the investors, and locating the power plant very close to the source of feedstock generation.

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Chen, Shuangyin, He Feng, Jun Zheng, Jianguo Ye, Yi Song, Haiping Yang, and Ming Zhou. "Life Cycle Assessment and Economic Analysis of Biomass Energy Technology in China: A Brief Review." Processes 8, no. 9 (September 7, 2020): 1112. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr8091112.

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This study describes the technological processes and characteristics of biomass direct combustion power generation, biomass gasification power generation, biomass mixed combustion power generation, and biomass biogas power generation in terms of their importance and application in China. Under the perspective of environmental and economic sustainability, the life cycle assessment (LCA) method and dynamic analysis method based on time value are used to simulate and evaluate the environmental loads and economic benefits of different power generation processes. By comparing with coal-fired power generation systems, the environmental and economic benefits of different biomass power generation technologies are illustrated. The results shows that biomass gasification power generation has the best environmental benefits, with a total load of 1.05 × 10−5, followed by biomass biogas power generation (9.21 × 10−5), biomass direct combustion power generation (1.23 × 10−4), and biomass mixed combustion power generation (3.88 × 10−4). Compared with the environmental load of coal-fired power generation, the reduction rate was 97.69%, 79.69%, 72.87%, and 14.56% respectively. According to the analysis of the technical economy evaluation results, when the dynamic pay-back period and IRR (internal rate of return) were used as evaluation indicators, the biomass direct combustion power generation has the best pay-back period (7.71 years) and IRR (19.16%), followed by the biogas power generation, with higher dynamic payback period (12.03 years), and lower IRR (13.49%). For gasification power generation and mixed-combustion power generation, their dynamic payback period is long, and the IRR is low. If net present value (NPV) is selected as the evaluation index, the biogas power generation appears to be the best because its net present value per megawatt is 11.94 million yuan, followed by direct combustion power generation (6.09 million yuan), and the net present value of mixed-combustion power generation and gasification power generation is relatively low. Compared with coal-fired power generation, direct combustion power generation and biogas power generation present significant economic benefits.

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29

Osuolale, F. N., K. A. Babatunde, O. O. Agbede, A. F. Olawuni, A. J. Fatukasi, A. E. Adewunmi, C. J. Oladipo, and O. M. Osuolale. "AN OVERVIEW OF HYDROGEN FUEL FROM BIOMASS GASIFICATION - COST EFFECTIVE ENERGY FOR DEVELOPING ECONOMY." JOURNAL OF THE NIGERIAN SOCIETY OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERS 36, no. 1 (April 17, 2021): 42–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.51975/wmov5566.

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Hydrogen has the potential to be a clean and sustainable alternative to fossil fuel especially if it is produced from renewable sources such as biomass. Gasification is the thermochemical conversion of biomass to a mixture of gases including hydrogen. The percentage yield of each constituent of the mixture is a function of some factors. This article highlights various parameters such as operating conditions; gasifier type; biomass type and composition; and gasification agents that influence the yield of hydrogen in the product gas. Economic evaluation of hydrogen from different sources was also presented. The hydrogen production from gasification process appears to be the most economic process amongst other hydrogen production processes considered. The process has the potential to be developed as an alternative to the conventional hydrogen production process.

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30

Lisý, Martin, Marek Baláš, Michal Špiláček, and Zdenek Skála. "TECHNICAL AND ECONOMIC OPTIMIZATION OF COGENERATION TECHNOLOGY USING COMBUSTION AND GASIFICATION." Acta Polytechnica 54, no. 1 (February 28, 2014): 42–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.14311/ap.2014.54.0042.

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This paper presents the technical and economic optimization of new microcogeneration technology with biomass combustion or biomass gasification used for cogeneration of electrical energy and heat for a 200 kW unit. During the development phase, six possible connection solutions were investigated, elaborated and optimized. This paper presents a basic description of the technology, a description of the technological solutions, and especially the results of balance and financial calculations, ending with a comparison and evaluation of the results.

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31

Consonni, S., and E. D. Larson. "Biomass-Gasifier/Aeroderivative Gas Turbine Combined Cycles: Part B—Performance Calculations and Economic Assessment." Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power 118, no. 3 (July 1, 1996): 516–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2816678.

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Gas turbines fueled by integrated biomass gasifiers are a promising option for base-load electricity generation from a renewable resource. Aeroderivative turbines, which are characterized by high efficiencies in small units, are of special interest because transportation costs for biomass constrain conversion facilities to relatively modest scales. Part A of this two-part paper reviewed commercial development activities and major technological issues associated with biomass integrated-gasifier/gas turbine (BIG/GT) combined cycle power generation. Based on the computational model also described in Part A, this paper (Part B) presents results of detailed design-point performance calculations for several BIG/GT combined cycle configurations. Emphasis is given to systems now being proposed for commercial installation in the 25–30 MWe, power output range. Three different gasifier designs are considered: air-blown, pressurized fluidized-bed gasification; air-blown, near-atmospheric pressure fluidized-bed gasification; and near-atmospheric pressure, indirectly heated fluidized-bed gasification. Advanced combined cycle configurations (including with intercooling) with outputs from 22 to 75 MW are also explored. An economic assessment is also presented, based on preliminary capital cost estimates for BIG/GT combined cycles and expected biomass costs in several regions of the world.

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32

Segurado, R., S. Pereira, D. Correia, and M. Costa. "Techno-economic analysis of a trigeneration system based on biomass gasification." Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 103 (April 2019): 501–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2019.01.008.

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33

Wu, C. Z., H. Huang, S. P. Zheng, and X. L. Yin. "An economic analysis of biomass gasification and power generation in China." Bioresource Technology 83, no. 1 (May 2002): 65–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0960-8524(01)00116-x.

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34

Wang, Shu-Wen, De-Xun Li, Wen-Biao Ruan, Chen-Lin Jin, and Mohammad Reza Farahani. "A techno-economic review of biomass gasification for production of chemicals." Energy Sources, Part B: Economics, Planning, and Policy 13, no. 8 (August 3, 2018): 351–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15567249.2017.1349212.

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35

Mondal, P., and S. Ghosh. "Externally fired biomass gasification-based combined cycle plant: exergo-economic analysis." International Journal of Exergy 20, no. 4 (2016): 496. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijex.2016.078097.

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36

Safarian, Sahar, Runar Unnthorsson, and Christiaan Richter. "Techno-Economic Analysis of Power Production by Using Waste Biomass Gasification." Journal of Power and Energy Engineering 08, no. 06 (2020): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/jpee.2020.86001.

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37

Sriwannawit, Pranpreya, Prashanti A. Anisa, and Ashack Miah Rony. "Policy Impact on Economic Viability of Biomass Gasification Systems in Indonesia." Journal of Sustainable Development of Energy, Water and Environment Systems 4, no. 1 (March 2016): 56–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.13044/j.sdewes.2016.04.0006.

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38

Kumabe, Kazuhiro, Shinji Fujimoto, Takashi Yanagida, Mamoru Ogata, Tetsuhisa Fukuda, Akira Yabe, and Tomoaki Minowa. "Environmental and economic analysis of methanol production process via biomass gasification." Fuel 87, no. 7 (June 2008): 1422–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2007.06.008.

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39

Swanson, Ryan M., Alexandru Platon, Justinus A. Satrio, and Robert C. Brown. "Techno-economic analysis of biomass-to-liquids production based on gasification." Fuel 89 (November 2010): S11—S19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2010.07.027.

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40

Bridgwater, A. V. "The technical and economic feasibility of biomass gasification for power generation." Fuel 74, no. 5 (May 1995): 631–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0016-2361(95)00001-l.

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41

Ren, Qingyun, and Songtao Wang. "Catalytic Gasification of Biomass Over Fe-MgO Catalyst." Revista de Chimie 69, no. 10 (November 15, 2018): 2933–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.37358/rc.18.10.6656.

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Given the significant abundance of non-food biomass resources, rural areas are endowed with a great potential for development of biomass energy systems which can make a significant contribution to economic development without public health issues. In this work, an experimental work done on air-steam gasification of biomass in precence of Fe/MgO for hydrogen rich gas production and CO2 reduction. As reactor temperature increased from 800 to 1000 oC, the tar and char yields decreased from 6.4 to 1.6 % and 18.4 to 5.6 %, respectively, while the syngas yield increased from 75.2 to 92.8 %. With the increase of C/B from 0.1 to 1.0, H2 concentration increased by 39 % while the CO2 concentration decreased from 35.4 vol% to 20.4 vol%.

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42

Porcu, Andrea, Stefano Sollai, Davide Marotto, Mauro Mureddu, Francesca Ferrara, and Alberto Pettinau. "Techno-Economic Analysis of a Small-Scale Biomass-to-Energy BFB Gasification-Based System." Energies 12, no. 3 (February 4, 2019): 494. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12030494.

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In order to limit global warming to around 1.5–2.0 °C by the end of the 21st century, there is the need to drastically limit the emissions of CO2. This goal can be pursued by promoting the diffusion of advanced technologies for power generation from renewable energy sources. In this field, biomass can play a very important role since, differently from solar and wind, it can be considered a programmable source. This paper reports a techno-economic analysis on the possible commercial application of gasification technologies for small-scale (2 MWe) power generation from biomass. The analysis is based on the preliminary experimental performance of a 500 kWth pilot-scale air-blown bubbling fluidized-bed (BFB) gasification plant, recently installed at the Sotacarbo Research Centre (Italy) and commissioned in December 2017. The analysis confirms that air-blown BFB biomass gasification can be profitable for the applications with low-cost biomass, such as agricultural waste, with a net present value up to about 6 M€ as long as the biomass is provided for free; on the contrary, the technology is not competitive for high-quality biomass (wood chips, as those used for the preliminary experimental tests). In parallel, an analysis of the financial risk was carried out, in order to estimate the probability of a profitable investment if a variation of the key financial parameters occurs. In particular, the analysis shows a probability of 90% of a NPV at 15 years between 1.4 and 5.1 M€ and an IRR between 11.6% and 23.7%.

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Zhou, Yangping, Zhengwei Gu, Yujie Dong, Fangzhou Xu, and Zuoyi Zhang. "Combining Dual Fluidized Bed and High-Temperature Gas-Cooled Reactor for Co-Producing Hydrogen and Synthetic Natural Gas by Biomass Gasification." Energies 14, no. 18 (September 9, 2021): 5683. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14185683.

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Biomass gasification to produce burnable gas now attracts an increasing interest for production flexibility in the renewable energy system. However, the biomass gasification technology using dual fluidized bed which is most suitable for burnable gas production still encounters problems of low production efficiency and high production cost. Here, we proposed a large-scale biomass gasification system to combine dual fluidized bed and high-temperature gas-cooled reactor (HTR) for co-production of hydrogen and synthetic natural gas (SNG). The design of high-temperature gas-cooled reactor biomass gasification (HTR-BiGas) consists of one steam supply module to heat inlet steam of the gasifier by HTR and ten biomass gasification modules to co-produce 2000 MWth hydrogen and SNG by gasifying the unpretreated biomass. Software for calculating the mass and energy balances of biomass gasification was developed and validated by the experiment results on the Gothenburg biomass gasification plant. The preliminary economic evaluation showed that HTR-BiGas and the other two designs, electric auxiliary heating and increasing recirculated product gas, are economically comparative with present mainstream production techniques and the imported natural gas in China. HTR-BiGas is the best, with production costs of hydrogen and SNG around 1.6 $/kg and 0.43 $/Nm3, respectively. These designs mainly benefit from proper production efficiencies with low fuel-related costs. Compared with HTR-BiGas, electric auxiliary heating is hurt by the higher electric charge and the shortcoming of increasing recirculated product gas is its lower total production. Future works to improve the efficiency and economy of HTR-BiGas and to construct related facilities are introduced.

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Kozlov, Alexander N., Nikita V. Tomin, Denis N. Sidorov, Electo E. S. Lora, and Victor G. Kurbatsky. "Optimal Operation Control of PV-Biomass Gasifier-Diesel-Hybrid Systems Using Reinforcement Learning Techniques." Energies 13, no. 10 (May 21, 2020): 2632. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13102632.

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The importance of efficient utilization of biomass as renewable energy in terms of global warming and resource shortages are well known and documented. Biomass gasification is a promising power technology especially for decentralized energy systems. Decisive progress has been made in the gasification technologies development during the last decade. This paper deals with the control and optimization problems for an isolated microgrid combining the renewable energy sources (solar energy and biomass gasification) with a diesel power plant. The control problem of an isolated microgrid is formulated as a Markov decision process and we studied how reinforcement learning can be employed to address this problem to minimize the total system cost. The most economic microgrid configuration was found, and it uses biomass gasification units with an internal combustion engine operating both in single-fuel mode (producer gas) and in dual-fuel mode (diesel fuel and producer gas).

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Molino, A., and G. Braccio. "Synthetic natural gas SNG production from biomass gasification – Thermodynamics and processing aspects." Fuel 139 (January 2015): 425–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2014.09.005.

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46

Kucher, Oleg, and Liliia Prokopchuk. "Economic aspects of biomass market development in Ukraine." E3S Web of Conferences 154 (2020): 01007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202015401007.

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The article considers the state and prospects of bioenergetics development in the context of rationalization of the use of available natural resource potential of Ukraine. It is determined that one of the most perspective renewable energy sources is biomass, the main component of which is by-product of plant growing. It is noted that the use of by-products of crop production for receiving heat energy is a rational way to utilize their surpluses that are not used for other purposes of agriculture. The existing resource potential of this agricultural biomass and source of its obtainment were characterized. An estimation of the potential of this type of biomass up to 2025, which can be used for thermal power engineering was made. It was noted that the effective use of biomass potential of agricultural enterprises is possible in case of creation of the appropriate mechanism, a set of management decisions aimed at solving the energy issue. The structure of the formation of the economic model of the influence of factors on the state of the use of by-products of crop production in thermal power engineering was proposed.

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Gao, Wei, Shaohui Wang, De-Xun Li, Jia-Bao Liu, Mohammad Reza Farahini, Yuhong Huo, Muhammad Imran, and Mohammad Doranehgard. "Techno-economic evaluation of biomass-to-synthesis gas (BtS) based on gasification." Energy Sources, Part B: Economics, Planning, and Policy 13, no. 2 (December 15, 2017): 83–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15567249.2016.1241839.

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Wang, Gui-Rong, De-Xun Li, Wen-Biao Ruan, and Chen-Lin Jin. "Simulation and economic study of hydrogen production from biomass and RDF gasification." Energy Sources, Part B: Economics, Planning, and Policy 12, no. 12 (October 19, 2017): 1061–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15567249.2017.1356884.

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Heffels, Tobias, Russell McKenna, and Wolf Fichtner. "An ecological and economic assessment of absorption-enhanced-reforming (AER) biomass gasification." Energy Conversion and Management 77 (January 2014): 535–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2013.09.007.

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50

Miyazaki, Takahiro, Teppei Nagatomi, Rafael Batres, and Yoshiaki Shimizu. "3102 A technical and economic assessment of electricity generation using biomass gasification." Proceedings of Manufacturing Systems Division Conference 2007 (2007): 55–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmemsd.2007.55.

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