Relevant bibliographies by topics / Economic aspects of Child support

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Academic literature on the topic 'Economic aspects of Child support'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 1 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Economic aspects of Child support"

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Walker, Lara. "Child Support and the Government’s Children’s Socio-economic Rights Obligations." International Journal of Children’s Rights 28, no. 4 (December 14, 2020): 860–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15718182-28040004.

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Abstract This article argues that the recovery of child support is a vital aspect of ensuring children’s socio-economic rights. The UK Government has a legal responsibility to assist parents to meet the needs of their children, whether by providing specialist support or through welfare payments. The Government cannot fulfil this responsibility by requiring parents to reach private agreements and failing to provide suitable additional support. The current law and policy focus purely on the duty to maintain. It is assumed that each parent has the responsibility to provide for their children, and there is no back up support under the Child Support Act where the parents are unable to do this. This fails to acknowledge and resolve wider social issues which are crucial to ensuring that child support is received, and children are not living in unnecessary poverty. The article argues that by taking this approach the Government is failing to fulfil its responsibility to protect children’s socio-economic rights. This article sets out a socio-economic rights framework for amending child support legislation and policy, highlighting the bare minimum Government obligations.
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Vendruscolo, Telma Sanchez, Maria das Graças Carvalho Ferriani, and Marta Angélica Iossi Silva. "Public care policies for child and adolescent victims of domestic violence." Revista Latino-Americana de Enfermagem 15, spe (October 2007): 812–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0104-11692007000700016.

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This is a qualitative study that aimed to know and analyze the social representations of social workers regarding the assistance to the child and adolescent, victims of domestic violence. The data collection was carried out through semi-structured interviews and participant observation. The data analysis was based on the hermeneutic-dialectic perspective. The empirical categories that emerged from the subjects' representations were: "lack of policy", "do not support because have not received support", and "social assistance" whereas the political economic aspect was highlighted as determinant of violence; the cultural aspects, perpetuating a cycle of violence in the families. An important step must be taken is the formulation of public policies directed to all children and adolescents and not policies of exception, directed only to those who are in situation of "social and personal risk".
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SILVERN, Racheli, and Stefan COJOCARU. "ETHICAL ASPECTS OF COMMERCIAL SURROGACY." Social Research Reports 12, no. 2 (December 15, 2020): 9–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.33788/srr12.2.1.

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Surrogacy is an initiated process, whereby intended parents wish to have a child by having an embryo carried in another woman’s womb and, after the birth, the baby is given to the intended parents. In Israel, giving birth and motherhood are perceived to great extent as a significant, essential and natural component of female identity and the existence of children is perceived as a vital and central element of couple-hood and family. The Israeli society encourages fertility and family expansion. This is illustrated by the support of surrogacy and fertility treatments pursuant to the Israeli Embryo Carrying Agreement Law (Agreement Authorization and Status of the Newborn Child) legislated in 1996. On the other hand, the government limits the supply of contraceptives that are included in the authorized list of medicines, pursuant to the State Health Insurance Law (Ministry of Health, 1994). Surrogacy constitutes a solution for people who wish to give birth to a child but they are unable to do so. The issue raises ethical dilemmas in the global village in which we are living. This dilemma has become more prominent in the present age, due to the corona virus crisis that entailed cancelling all flights and forcing each country to close its borders to foreign travelers. In this study, the aim is to explore and comprehend the process of surrogacy according to the economic sociological theory, called the agency theory; the relationships between the parties to the agreement; and the ethical issues stemming from this issue.
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Zannettino, Dr Lana. "Belonging, Connectedness, and Self-Worth: Building Socially Sustainable Communities through a School based Student Support Program." Journal of Student Wellbeing 1, no. 1 (June 26, 2007): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.21913/jsw.v1i1.108.

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This article draws from an evaluation of a school-based student support program operating in the Elizabeth-Munno Para region of South Australia (“Author”, 2005). Based on a community development model, The Turn Around Program (TAP) extends beyond the parameters of the classroom to provide educational, social and health services to students and families affected by economic and social disadvantage. Data collected from children, parents, teachers and school principals, indicated that the Program enhanced the capacity of families and communities affected by disadvantage and poverty to more effectively support and nurture their children. The marked improvements in parenting capacity and in child-parent interaction and communication provided children with a more open and supportive home environment, which in turn, improved children’s experience of schooling and their capacity for learning. Through an examination of key aspects of the Program, the paper demonstrates how TAP has successfully melded long held ecological perspectives on schooling and child development with a number of strategies that promote the development of socially sustainable communities.
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Archer, Catherine, and Kai-Ti Kao. "Mother, baby and Facebook makes three: does social media provide social support for new mothers?" Media International Australia 168, no. 1 (June 27, 2018): 122–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1329878x18783016.

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Many mothers can find themselves increasingly isolated and overwhelmed after giving birth to a new baby. This period can be a source of extreme stress, anxiety and depression, which can not only have an economic impact on national health services, but can also have long-term effects on the development of the child. At the same time, social media use among most new mothers has become ubiquitous. This research investigates the role of social media, potentially as a mechanism for social support, among Australian mothers of young children aged from birth to 4 years. The findings indicate that participants had mixed responses to their social media use. While social support was deemed a benefit, there were also some negative aspects to social media use identified. The findings highlight the need to critically interrogate social media’s ability to act as a source of social support for new mothers.
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Murnane, Richard J., and John P. Papay. "Teachers' Views on No Child Left Behind: Support for the Principles, Concerns about the Practices." Journal of Economic Perspectives 24, no. 3 (August 1, 2010): 151–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/jep.24.3.151.

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In this article, we describe teachers' views of the behavioral responses the No Child Left Behind legislation has elicited and the extent to which research reveals evidence of these responses and their effects on the distribution of student achievement. We focus on teachers' reactions to three aspects of NCLB that are particularly relevant to them: 1) the testing requirements and the rules determining “Adequate Yearly Progress” (AYP) under NCLB; 2) the sanctions imposed on schools that fail to meet AYP; and 3) the requirement that all teachers of core academic subjects be “highly qualified” in their areas of teaching assignment. Overall, we find that teachers overwhelmingly support the principles underlying the No Child Left Behind legislation, including that schools should be held accountable for educating all children well. However, teachers are concerned that the incentives created by some provisions of the law have elicited unintended responses that reduce the quality of education provided to at least some children.
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McHenry, Megan Song, Winstone M. Nyandiko, Michael L. Scanlon, Lydia J. Fischer, Carole I. McAteer, Josephine Aluoch, Violet Naanyu, and Rachel C. Vreeman. "HIV Stigma: Perspectives from Kenyan Child Caregivers and Adolescents Living with HIV." Journal of the International Association of Providers of AIDS Care (JIAPAC) 16, no. 3 (September 21, 2016): 215–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2325957416668995.

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Stigma shapes all aspects of HIV prevention and treatment, yet there are limited data on how HIV-infected youth and their families are affected by stigma in sub-Saharan Africa. The authors conducted a qualitative study using focus group discussions among 39 HIV-infected adolescents receiving care at HIV clinics in western Kenya and 53 caregivers of HIV-infected children. Participants felt that while knowledge and access to treatment were increasing, many community members still held negative and inaccurate views about HIV, including associating it with immorality and believing in transmission by casual interactions. Stigma was closely related to a loss of social and economic support but also included internalized negative feelings about oneself. Participants identified treatment-related impacts of stigma, including nonadherence, nondisclosure of status to child or others, and increased mental health problems. Qualitative inquiry also provided insights into how to measure and reduce stigma among affected individuals and families.
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Heldanita, Heldanita. "Konsep Pendidikan Inklusif Pada Lembaga Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini." Golden Age: Jurnal Ilmiah Tumbuh Kembang Anak Usia Dini 1, no. 3 (July 5, 2018): 16–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.14421/jga.2016.13-02.

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Inclusive education should be started since early childhood. Education is a basic need of every human being, as well as early childhood education that develop the whole potential of the whole child. In addition to laws and regulations that support the implementation of early childhood education, conceptual and scientific studies of child development, have shown their positive values in early education service delivery. It is also to encourage the implementation of inclusive education in early childhood education in early childhood services Inclusion every child deserves a good education services in accordance with the age and development, regardless of the degree, the economic conditions of disorder or mental, physical or social that is owned by a child. The most striking effect and can leave a long impression made at the right time, ie during the critical or sensitive period. Therefore, the need for stimulus is given at an early age can improve all aspects of the development is also based on that view. Delay or omission giving stimulus at the right time will be a negative impact on children's development.
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Teslenko, Valentyn. "Support for Children with Disabilities, who Live in the Industrial Region." Revista Romaneasca pentru Educatie Multidimensionala 13, no. 3 (August 13, 2021): 189–210. http://dx.doi.org/10.18662/rrem/13.3/447.

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The article discusses theoretical and modeled framework practical aspects of supporting children with disabilities living in an industrial region. The main goal was to study the traditions and trends of providing socio-psychological, pedagogical and economic support to the above population with further development of theoretical foundations of rehabilitation and social adaptation of children with disabilities in the industrial region and framework justification of socio-pedagogical support program.social and pedagogical realities of one of the industrial regions of Ukraine. It is proved that the basis of the regional model of social and pedagogical support of children with disabilities is always the appropriate state model, as well as the general guidelines and traditions of its implementation adopted in this region. Such guidelines for the Donetsk industrial region are: understanding the problems of children with disabilities not as medical and pedagogical, but as socio-pedagogical; an integrated approach to the use and integration of great opportunities of the industrial region (strong socio-economic and pedagogical potentials and opportunities of all subjects of socio-pedagogical support of children with disabilities); targeted, comprehensive nature of socio-pedagogical support. The mechanism of implementation of the regional program of social and pedagogical support of children with disabilities in an industrial region has been modeled. Its structure includes sectors and areas of activity, the level of implementation (regional, city (district), educational institution), and its implementation consists in systematic activities for the implementation of socio-pedagogical diagnostics of the child and youth environment, identification of the goal and priority areas of activity at the regional level and development of strategic and tactical measures for the practical implementation of the regional action program.
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Grudziąż-Sękowska, Justyna, Monika Zamarlik, and Kuba Sękowski. "Assessment of Selected Aspects of the Quality of Life of Children with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus in Poland." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 4 (February 22, 2021): 2107. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18042107.

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Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1D) is, next to obesity and asthma, the most common chronic disease in children in Poland. T1D is not only a medical challenge, but it also affects all areas of a sick child’s life and family functionality. New forms of therapy facilitate the daily management of the disease, but their availability is limited and partly dependent on socioeconomic status. This study aimed to assess the incidence and interrelationships between the child’s health condition and the applied therapy model, and selected aspects of the child’s family functionality and access to health and care services. The survey involved 206 child and youth caregivers with T1D who are members of Facebook support groups. The analysis of the obtained results revealed the existence of links between family income level and the type of insulin therapy applied. Children from families with a better financial situation (subjective and objective) were more likely to have additional medical consultations and make more frequent control visits. In families with a higher level of income, the T1D-induced restriction of child activity was less frequent. Living outside of urban centers was associated with a reduced availability of care or educational facilities adapted to take care of a child with T1D. No statistically significant correlations were observed between demographic and economic factors and the child’s health status expressed by the occurrence of complications. The incidence of the latter, however, affected the child’s family situation.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Economic aspects of Child support"

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Williams, Antonia Nomthandazo Hycinth. "The impact of social grants in poverty alleviation: the case of child support grants in Lusikisiki." Thesis, Nelson Mandela University, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/19542.

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This study investigates the impact of the impact of Social Grants in poverty alleviation; a case in point is the Child Support Grants in Lusikisiki. Poverty is characterized by an increase in depravation, unemployment and inequality. Social Security has been introduced as a social safety net that reduces the severity of poverty. The study uncovers the significance of the Child Support Grant in sustaining families and meeting their basic human needs. The study further shows that the Child Support Grant is a reliable monthly cash injection that benefits the children and other people in the households. It gives hope, allows beneficiaries to make choices and enables them to take care of themselves and their families, therefore restores dignity. The additional support provided to the Child Support Grant recipients promotes human development and improves access to education and health. The Child Support Grant has a significant impact on poverty alleviation.
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Sterner, Robert N. "Child support does it provide economic security for single parent families /." Instructions for remote access. Click here to access this electronic resource. Access available to Kutztown University faculty, staff, and students only, 1992. http://www.kutztown.edu/library/services/remote_access.asp.

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Lamont, Alexandra May. "Canadian tax policy towards families, economic analysis of child care and support." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp05/mq23375.pdf.

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Williams, Melanie L. "Small business organizational support of health promotion programs." Virtual Press, 1998. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1115737.

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The primary purpose for this study was to investigate small businesses organizational support and interest in health promotion. The research question for this study was, "Are small businesses actively involved with the organizational support of health promotion programs?"A survey was distributed via mail to small businesses in the Lynchburg, Virginia area, with a follow up three weeks later because an appropriate number of surveys had not been returned. The results of this study have provided insight into the current status of worksite wellness programs of businesses with fewer than 250 employees.Small businesses do actively support healthy food and smoking policies at the worksite. Some small businesses provided activities to measure employee health risks. The main issue small businesses deal with are safety/accident prevention. Other health topics are not prevalent in small businesses. Small businesses that had a health promotion program in place offered more programs and awareness materials than those who did not and are actively involved in the organizational support of health promotion programs.
Fisher Institute for Wellness
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Bratsch, Mary E. Vernon-Feagans Lynne. "Rural African American families' child care placement examined through child age, economic, education, social support, and geographic isolation measures /." Chapel Hill, N.C. : University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2008. http://dc.lib.unc.edu/u?/etd,1833.

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Thesis (M.A.)--University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2008.
Title from electronic title page (viewed Dec. 11, 2008). "... in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in the School of Education Early Childhood, Intervention and Literacy." Discipline: Education; Department/School: Education.
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Tsang, Man-ching, and 曾文正. "Financial burden of hospitalisation for child abuse in Hong Kong." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10722/196546.

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Child abuse is a well-known child care problem. Classically, there are four main types of abuse: physical, sexual and emotional abuse, and neglect. The incidence is often underestimated because a number of cases are not severe enough for caregivers to seek medical help. However, the more severe forms of child abuse can lead to significant morbidity and even mortality. Many studies have addressed the characteristics and outcomes of child abuse. However, the financial burden of child abuse that individuals and society bear has not been well examined. In this study, the economic burden of hospitalisation for child abuse in Hong Kong is analysed. Data of 7,713 child hospitalisations and of 61,879 child visits to accident and emergency departments of public hospitals, all resulting from child abuse from 2003 to 2012, were retrieved from the Clinical Data Analysis and Reporting System. The data are analysed with particular respect to cost of child abuse. The total inpatient cost of child abuse is HK$186,046,210, which is higher than the total inpatient cost of children with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (HK$171,895,920) but lower than that of children with asthma (HK$1,156,082,970). The average inpatient cost of child abuse per visit is HK$24,127, which is higher than the average inpatient cost of children with asthma (HK$14,458) but lower than the cost of children with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (HK$39,165). In comparisons of the average inpatient costs of the various types of child abuse to those of asthma and acute lymphoblastic leukaemia, each type of child abuse has higher average inpatient costs than asthma but lower than acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. Neglect produces the highest average cost (HK$33,606), followed by multiple abuse (HK$25,849) and then emotional abuse (HK$25,807), unspecified abuse (HK$25,090), physical abuse (HK$24,432) and sexual abuse (HK$17,807). The overall accident and emergency department cost for child abuse is HK$43,394,400, which is much higher than the overall cost for children with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (HK$1,193,500) but lower than that for children with asthma (HK$120,297,100). The mean cost for abuse per child is HK$5,784, which is higher than that per child with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (HK$2,411) but lower than that per child with asthma (HK$6,389). Comparisons of the mean accident and emergency department costs of the various types of child abuse to asthma and acute lymphoblastic leukaemia showed that each type of child abuse has a higher mean cost than that of acute lymphoblastic leukaemia, while only neglect and emotional abuse have higher mean costs than asthma. Of the mean accident and emergency department charges for each type of child abuse, neglect has the highest average cost (HK$7,108), followed by emotional abuse (HK$6,489), and then sexual abuse (HK$5,890), multiple abuse (HK$5,851), unspecified abuse (HK$5,823) and physical abuse (HK$5,720). The total and average costs of hospitalisation for child abuse in the Chinese population are higher than those in the non-Chinese population. Comparisons of the total cost and the average cost of hospitalisation between sexes showed that girls account for a higher total cost but lower average cost than boys. Of the three age groups of children, the 6-12 year-olds incur the highest total hospitalisation cost and the 0- to 6-year-olds had the highest mean hospitalisation cost. The costs of hospitalisations by different pay codes for child abuse, asthma, and acute lymphoblastic leukaemia are analysed. In conclusion, compared to children with asthma, the severity of child abuse is high while the frequency of it is low. Interventions to reduce the severity of child abuse are to be considered. To compare to the other control group, the frequency of child abuse is more common and the severity of it is lower than that of children with ALL. Interventions to reduce the frequency of child abuse are in high priority compared to ALL. To the overall costs of hospitalisations for types of abuse, the financial burden of overall inpatient cost of physical abuse is high while financial burden of inpatient cost of individual cases of it is just average. Hence the frequency of physical abuse is high but its severity is low. Meanwhile, the financial burden per inpatient case of neglect is high while the total financial burden of hospitalisations for neglect is low. Hence the severity of neglect is high but its frequency is low. The data in this study could be used to further analyse the cost of child abuse, including non-medical costs and indirect costs, and for cost-effectiveness analysis.
published_or_final_version
Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine
Master
Master of Medical Sciences
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Hietasalo, P. (Pauliina). "Behavioral and economic aspects of caries control." Doctoral thesis, Oulun yliopisto, 2010. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9789514263453.

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Abstract The aim was to determine the association between baseline factors, such as oral health-related behavior, attitudes, knowledge and beliefs in relation to caries increment during a randomized clinical trial (RCT). A further aim was to evaluate treatment costs and health outcomes during and after the RCT. In Pori Finland, 11- to 12-year-old children with active initial caries lesion(s) participated in the RCT in 2001–05. The experimental group (n=250) received multiple measures for controlling caries. The control group (n=247) received standard dental care. In 2005–08, all received standard dental care. Regression analyses were used to study the associations between behavioral factors and caries increment. Cost-effectiveness analysis was conducted (trial period), and costs and health outcomes as well as dental service utilization were evaluated (post-trial period). In the experimental group, brushing teeth twice a day was indicative of developing no new caries lesions, whereas eating candy at least once a day, predicted new lesions. In the experimental and control groups, lack of concern about cavities and lack of knowledge about mother’s dental health predicted new caries lesions. The average incremental cost for averting one DMF surface was €34. The experimental regimen was more effective and more costly than the standard dental care. The total costs decreased year after year. The mean total cost per adolescent was lower and the clinical outcome was better among the former participants in the experimental group. The utilization of dental services was significantly more regular among the former participants in this group. It may be feasible to control caries more effectively by affecting toothbrushing, candy eating and oral health-related attitudes, as preventive procedures may be ineffective if those factors are not in order. It is important to discuss oral health-related topics in families, because this may improve the oral health-related behavior of children. Cost-effectiveness of regimen used for the experimental group may be improved by division of work or by selective reduction of preventive procedures. Well-timed caries control can decrease treatment cost and yield long-term improvement of dental health
Tiivistelmä Tutkimuksen tarkoituksena oli selvittää satunnaistetun kliinisen kokeen alussa rekisteröityjen suunterveyteen liittyvien tapojen, tietojen, asenteiden, uskomusten ja karieskertymän välisiä yhteyksiä. Lisäksi arvioitiin hoitokustannuksia ja hoidollisia tuloksia sekä kokeen ajalta että kokeen jälkeiseltä ajalta. Ne 11–12-vuotiaat lapset, joilla oli ainakin yksi alkava aktiivinen kariesvaurio, osallistuivat kokeeseen Porissa vuosina 2001–05. Koeryhmän lapset (n=250) saivat tehostettua ehkäisevää hoitoa ja kontrolliryhmän lapset (n=247) tavanomaista hammashoitoa. Kaikki saivat tavanomaista hammashoitoa vuosina 2005–08. Käyttäytymisellisten tekijöiden ja karieskertymän välisiä yhteyksiä tutkittiin regressioanalyysien avulla. Kustannusvaikuttavuusanalyysi tehtiin kokeen ajalta. Hoitokustannuksia ja hoidollisia tuloksia sekä palveluiden käyttöä arvioitiin kokeen jälkeiseltä ajalta. Lapsilla, jotka harjasivat vähintään kaksi kertaa päivässä, oli yleensä ehjät hampaat, kun taas lapsilla, jotka söivät päivittäin makeisia, oli useasti reikiä. Huolettomuus reikiintymistä kohtaan ja tietämättömyys äidin hampaiden kunnosta näkyi lasten hampaiden reikiintymisenä. Yhden hammaspinnan säästyminen paikkaukselta maksoi keskimäärin 34 €. Koeryhmän saama hoito oli vaikuttavampaa, mutta kalliimpaa kuin kontrolliryhmän saama hoito. Kokonaiskustannukset laskivat vuosi vuodelta. Keskimääräiset hoitokustannukset olivat pienemmät ja hammasterveys parempi entisen koeryhmän jäsenillä kuin kontrolliryhmäläisillä. Myös palveluiden käyttö oli säännöllisempää koeryhmässä. Karieksen hallintaa voidaan todennäköisesti tehostaa vaikuttamalla hampaiden harjaukseen, makeisten syöntiin ja suunterveyteen liittyviin asenteisiin. On tärkeää varmistaa, että nämä asiat ovat kunnossa, koska ehkäisevät toimenpiteet saattavat muuten jäädä tehottomiksi. Suunterveyteen liittyvistä asioista olisi hyvä keskustella perheissä, koska asioiden esillä pitäminen voi vaikuttaa suotuisasti lasten terveystapoihin. Koeryhmän saaman hoito-ohjelman kustannusvaikuttavuutta voisi todennäköisesti parantaa muuttamalla suunterveydenhuollon henkilöstön työnjakoa tai karsimalla valikoiden ehkäisevien toimenpiteiden määrää. Oikea-aikainen karieksen hallinta voi vähentää hoitokustannuksia ja lisätä hammasterveyttä pitkällä aikavälillä
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May, Paul J. "An environmental level analysis of economic correlates of child abuse in the Lower Mainland." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/28719.

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The question of the etiology of child abuse has received growing research attention since the early 60's. This attention has moved from a strictly individual psychopathology focus to a more systemic, environmental perspective. The determination of significant correlates of child abuse, in view of this dichotomy, holds very important policy and intervention implications. This is because as the importance of environmental factors rises, so does the "depth" or systemic nature of the intervention required. The environmental model proposes that abusive behaviour is not only a function of an individual's psychological makeup. In addition, factors outside the individual are thought to be critical components in the abuse phenomenon. These factors are a part of the social environment of the individual and thus impinge upon all individuals who live in that environment. Research into environmental correlates of child abuse is still at an early phase of development. The works of James Garbarino, Blair and Rita Justice, and Ralph Catalano, David Dooley, et al. have made progress in identifying possible significant systemic correlates, in tentative connective hypotheses, and in research approaches. Garbarino, and Catalano, Dooley, et al have focused on various community-level features of economic climate. The Justices' have focused on the importance of high levels of stress in inducing abusive behaviour. However, this work has all pertained to the American environment. There are no studies which have started replicating their seminal work in Canada. The present study does precisely this. This study tests for the existence of an association between selected correlates of the economy's ability to provide jobs and the incidence of child abuse. The selected correlates of the economy are the size of the labour force and the unemployment rate in the Greater Vancouver Metropolitan area, and the rate of income assistance receipt by employable persons for a subset of municipalities found within the Greater Vancouver Metropolitan area. These variables are aggregate monthly totals. They are correlated with a monthly incidence rate of child abuse reports drawn from the same geographical area as the income assistance statistics. The ability of a community to provide jobs is a significant feature of a community's environment, and one which may create general stress. Thus, a significant correlation was expected. The series' were manipulated using the ARIMA method of time series analysis in order to remove regular, patterned behaviour in the series'. The "prewhitened" series' were then regressed from a twelve month lead through to a twelve month lag interval. This resulted in 300 correlations. The findings were very conservative, with only 13 significant correlations. The interpretation of this was based on patterns of correlation, consistency across lags and between similar variables. There did not appear to be any consistency in the significant findings. However, regression of unprewhitened series' showed very significant correlations. This lead the researcher to the conclusion that the modelling process removed whatever features were producing the correlation. This suggests, due to the nature of the modelling process, that some regular or very subtle pattern occurs within both the economic series' and the child abuse series'. Further research is needed to determine the nature of this pattern, and the degree of actual correlation it indicates, as opposed to a simple third variable explanation.
Arts, Faculty of
Social Work, School of
Graduate
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Damba, Ntombethemba. "The challenges of the child support grant as a poverty alleviation strategy." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/6193.

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South Africa is a democratic country since 1994 and transformation brought policies that aimed to address the inequalities and poverty situation countrywide. During apartheid era the existence of social assistance was more focused on minority group. Hence the eroded social inequality cannot be ignored as poverty takes its toll in our communities. It was the previously termed state maintenance grant that was phased out with the introduction of Child support grant (CSG). The purpose of CSG was to reduce child poverty; however a long list of challenges regarding the aims and objectives of the CSG surfaced. This study was about the challenges of child support grant as poverty alleviation strategy in waNobuhle community in Uitenhage. The purpose of the study was also to investigate the value CSG adds in the beneficiaries’ lives in terms of poverty alleviation and what is mostly hindering the CSG from alleviating poverty. The research design for the study could be classified as mixed designs which include qualitative and quantitative approach, taking a form of action research. A sample of 30 participants was drawn from SASSA beneficiaries. The sampling method for the study was purposive, which is a non-probability sampling. Semi structured questionnaires and semi structured interviews were utilized to collect data and the data collected was analysed thematically and descriptive statistics analysis was undertaken as well. Questionnaires to collect data from the thirty (30) CSG beneficiaries’ from KwaNobuhle community and semi structured interviews was undertaken. The most important findings that emerged from the study were that participants appeared to have a clear understanding of the fact that CSG represented a government strategy to support children, fight poverty and uplift the standard of living for the poor. However, majority of the participants were not satisfied with CSG as poverty alleviation strategy, participant’s wants government to increase the amount of CSG and to create employment opportunities. The CSG was pointed as inadequate due to the fact that all family members of the beneficiaries are dependent on the CSG. The conclusion drawn was that CSG paid to KwaNobuhle beneficiaries seemed to be achieving their aims even though the CSG is announced to be inadequate, employment is a necessity and the gap between departments serving the community. The findings of the study are discussed as suggestions to SASSA and the Department of Social development.
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Sherwood, Georgina. "Exploring parents' experiences of support when they have a young child with a learning disability." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2011. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/361596/.

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Government policy states that early intervention and working in partnership with parents is essential as part of a preventative system. However the recent review of SEN and Disability (DfE, 2011a) highlights how support often works against the wishes of the family. By exploring with parents how support is delivered in practice, this thesis identifies strengths and improvements that could be made to address these problems. An ethnographic case study approach was adopted to capture a close, detailed and in-depth view of the world of the parent-participants (Yin, 1984). Data was collected from six parents via semi-structured interviews that were audio-recorded. Twelve months later four parents agreed to be observed and compile their own evaluation of an experience of support. Supplementary and contextual detail was recorded in fieldnotes and via a non-participant observation. Findings are encapsulated in six narratives inviting the reader into the world of the parent. The research represents a journey of how interpretation unfolded with the parent-participants alongside the researcher who also reflected her learning and changing perspectives. Each narrative portrays the unique experiences of the parents and indicates that the way in which each individual defines themselves and the professional providing support has an impact on the quality of the encounter. For this reason applying the transactional model (Sameroff, 1991) which is consciously aware of the factors that influence definitions is recommended as a way forward. When practised by the professional a positive partnership relationship could emerge. This would mean that support options could be tailored to individual needs that respect and involve the parent. This research therefore identifies effective ways to engage in providing the high quality arrangements the government recommends.
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Books on the topic "Economic aspects of Child support"

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Stirling, Kate J. The economic consequences of child support in Washington State. Olympia, Wash: Washington State Institute for Public Policy, 1991.

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Beller, Andrea H. Small change: The economics of child support. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1993.

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Ho, Alfred Tat-kei. How important are economic incentives for states in child support enforcement? [Bloomington, Ind.?]: Indiana University, Institute for Family and Social Responsibility, 1998.

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Assuring child support: An extension of social security. New York: Russell Sage Foundation, 1992.

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1943-, Pipes Douglas, ed. Child support survival guide: How to get results through child support enforcement agencies. Franklin Lakes, NJ: Career Press, 1997.

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Beller, Andrea H. Small change: The economics of childsupport. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1993.

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Garfinkel, Irwin. Noncustodial fathers' ability to pay child support. [Madison]: University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1986.

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Scoon-Rogers, Lydia. Child support for custodial mothers and fathers, 1995. [Washington, DC: U.S. Dept. of commerce, Economics and Statistics Administration, 1999.

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Grall, Timothy S. Child support for custodial mothers and fathers, 1997. Washington, DC: U.S. Dept. of Commerce, Economics and Statistics Administration, U.S. Census Bureau, 2000.

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Canada. Department of Justice. Federal/Provincial/Territorial Family Law Committee's report and recommendations on child support. Ottawa: Department of Justice, 1995.

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Book chapters on the topic "Economic aspects of Child support"

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Klodt, Henning, and George M. von Furstenberg. "Government Support for Restructuring the East German Economy." In Economic Aspects of German Unification, 261–96. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-97379-6_9.

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Klodt, Henning. "Government Support for Restructuring the East German Economy." In Economic Aspects of German Unification, 321–45. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-79972-3_16.

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Bostic, Robin, and Mark S. Slaughter. "Health-Economic Aspects of MCS Therapy." In Mechanical Circulatory Support in End-Stage Heart Failure, 595–603. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-43383-7_57.

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von Furstenberg, George M. "Comment on: Government Support For Restructuring the East German Economy: Capital or Labor Subsidies." In Economic Aspects of German Unification, 346–56. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-79972-3_17.

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Schreuder, R. F. "Scenarios as a Tool To Support Health Planning and Management." In Economic Aspects of AIDS and HIV Infection, 295–301. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-84089-0_27.

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Satzinger, W. "Social Support Systems for People Affected by AIDS. Observations from West Germany." In Economic Aspects of AIDS and HIV Infection, 80–89. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-84089-0_8.

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Lagergren, M. "The Economic Analysis of Prevention of HIV Infection: Evaluation of Programmes and Decision Support for Priority Setting in Health Policy. Case Study. Sweden." In Economic Aspects of AIDS and HIV Infection, 118–26. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-84089-0_12.

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Sternik, S. G., and G. V. Teleshev. "Socio-economic Aspects of Intra-regional Distribution of Government Support of Housing Construction Industry." In Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems, 775–83. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-60929-0_100.

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Geiss, Erhard. "Computer in the Doctor’s Office in the Federal Republic of Germany — Legal, Economic and Functional Aspects of Computer Support in Ambulatory Care." In Present Status of Computer Support in Ambulatory Care, 11–16. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-93355-4_2.

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Bartova, Alzbeta, and Renske Keizer. "How Well Do European Child-Related Leave Policies Support the Caring Role of Fathers?" In The Palgrave Handbook of Family Policy, 369–95. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-54618-2_15.

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AbstractOur chapter analyses the extent to which European countries (1) recognize the caring responsibilities of fathers toward their children and (2) value fathers’ caring role. To do so, we analyze the designs of individual leave policies and reflect on them by assessing available data on leave uptake by fathers in 13 European countries. Our results show that there is great variation in child-related leave designs across Europe. Our findings, in line with previous work, underscore the importance of generous individual non-transferable leave entitlements. Moreover, our findings bring forward aspects of leave designs that are rarely discussed when considering fathers’ leave uptake. Our results indicate that generous non-transferable leave rights should be paired with (a) clearly defined leave periods for fathers, (b) individual entitlement to benefits, and (c) greater scope for flexibility to increase the attractiveness of child-related leave and to strengthen fathers’ position when negotiating their childcare leave.
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Conference papers on the topic "Economic aspects of Child support"

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Randjelovic, Danijela, Jelisaveta Todorovic, and Miljana Spasic Snele. "PARENTAL EDUCATIONAL STYLES AS PREDICTORS OF PERFECTIONISM AND QUALITY OF SIBLING RELATIONSHIPS AMONG STUDENTS." In International Psychological Applications Conference and Trends. inScience Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36315/2021inpact040.

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"The main objective of this study was to examine the relationship between parental educational styles, perfectionism in children, and the quality of adult sibling relationships. Additionally, the goal is to determine whether parental educational styles represent a significant predictor of perfectionism and quality of relationship between adults. The research was conducted on a sample of 200 respondents, students of the Faculty of Philosophy, the Faculty of Economics and the Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics in Niš. EMBU questionnaires were used to examine the parental educational styles, the Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale (MPS), and the KOBS Questionnaire on the quality of relationships with siblings in adulthood. The starting hypotheses have been partially confirmed and new questions have been raised about these constructs and their relationship. Statistically significant predictors of different aspects of perfectionism that were measured were a) significant predictors for the aspect of Parental Expectations were the following parental educational styles Overprotective mother (?=0.375, p=0.003) and Father’s Favoritism (?=-0.186, p=0.035), b) a significant predictor for the aspect of Organization was the following educational style Mother’s Emotional Warmth (?=0.335, p=0.031); c) significant predictors for Parental Criticism were the following educational styles Father’s Rejection (?=0.254, p=0.009) and Mother’s Emotional Warmth (?= -0.437, p=0.000), d) the significant predictor of Personal Standards was Overprotective mother (?= 0.307; p=0.042), e) significant predictors for Concern over Mistakes, were the following educational styles Parental Inconsistency (?=0.160; p=0.048) and Mother’s Emotional Warmth (?= -0.308, p=0.027), f) significant predictors of Doubts about Actions were the following educational styles, Parental Inconsistency (?=0.235, p=0.007), Overprotective mother (?= 0.304, p=0.035) and Mother’s Favoritism (?=0.222, p=0.028). When it comes to the quality of relationship between brothers and sisters, parental educational styles are also significant predictors of various aspects of those relationships. We are pointing out the most important results. Statistically significant predictors of the subscale Competition between siblings were the educational styles Father’s Rejection (?=0.469, p=0.000), Mother’s Favoritism (?=0.475, p=0.000), Father’s Favoritism (?=-0.196, p=0.029), and Mother’s Emotional Warmth (?=-0.313, p=0.019). Statistically significant predictors for the subscale Closeness or Warmth between siblings were the following educational styles Mother’s Rejection (?=-0.456, p=0.006) and Father’s Emotional Warmth (?=0.391, p=0.002). Statistically significant predictors for subscale the Conflict between siblings were the following educational styles Father’s Rejection (?=0.355, p=0.003) and Mother’s Favoritism (?=0.337, p=0.000). These results show that both rejection and favoritism by the parents contribute to the development of less desired relationships between siblings. Overprotective parents, inconsistency and favoritism of a child contribute to less desired aspects of perfectionism. Additional analysis of connection between perfectionism and relationship between siblings revealed that the less desired aspects of perfectionism are connected with bad relationships between siblings. The only exception is the aspect of Organization as it is connected with emotional and instrumental support, familiarity, closeness and admiration between siblings."
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Aseeva, M. A. "Problematic Aspects Of Metrological Support In Context Of Development Of Digital Economy." In II International Conference on Economic and Social Trends for Sustainability of Modern Society. European Publisher, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.15405/epsbs.2021.09.02.189.

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HORSKA, Elena, Alim PULATOV, and Khabibullo PIRMATOV. "ECONOMIC ASPECTS OF VALUE ADDED AGRICULTURE IN UZBEKISTAN." In RURAL DEVELOPMENT. Aleksandras Stulginskis University, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.15544/rd.2017.213.

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The goal of this paper is to analyse socio-economic role of value added agriculture in Uzbekistan. The main agricultural exports are cotton (raw and yarn), fruits, vegetables, leather, wool and fur. There is an opportunity to acquire more social and economic advantages by exporting finished goods, which are made out of primary agricultural commodities. Adding value to agricultural products lead to increasing the share of finished goods in export, supplying import-substituting products, improving infrastructure in rural areas, providing new jobs and growing people’s income. The paper presents the analyse of the agriculture sector in GDP and the production dynamics of the primary agricultural commodities during 2005-2014, as well as comparison the share of cotton, fruits, vegetables and leather in export in 2005 and 2014. Based on the analyses it is recommended to widely use value added agriculture in order to support people, who are living in rural areas in Uzbekistan.
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"Analysis of relevant technical and economic aspects to support the choice of feasible locations for photovoltaic power plants in Brazil." In 2015 IEEE PES Innovative Smart Grid Technologies Latin America (ISGT LATAM). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/isgt-la.2015.7381164.

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Antonova, E. Yu, and N. V. Boyko. "ON THE QUESTION ABOUT DEMOGRAPHIC FACTORS INFLUENCING THE CRIME OF MINORS." In Problems and mechanisms of implementation of national priorities of socio-economic development of Russia. Khabarovsk State University of Economics and Law, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.38161/978-5-7823-0740-0-2020-257-262.

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The paper considers some demographic factors that influence the level of juvenile delinquency. Conclusions are made that the state should improve the policy of social support for families in a socially dangerous situation with minor children, to prevent child and family problems, to strengthen the institution of the family
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Michalek, Jeremy J., Chris T. Hendrickson, and Jonathan Cagan. "Using Economic Input-Output Life Cycle Assessment to Guide Sustainable Design." In ASME 2011 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2011-47664.

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Successful design for the environment (DfE) requires the designer to understand the life cycle impact of design decisions. However, estimating life cycle implications of design choices using traditional process-based life cycle assessment (LCA) is typically too time- and resource-intensive to be practical as part of the design process. We examine the use of economic input-output life cycle assessment (EIO-LCA) as a tool to support sustainable design by helping the designer to quickly determine which aspects of the product dominate its lifetime emissions. Compared to traditional process-based LCA, EIO-LCA produces estimates at a more aggregated level using data on economic transactions and emissions from each sector of the economy. However, EIO-LCA computes full supply chain emissions associated with output from a particular sector in seconds, and for many products these aggregate-level data are sufficient to determine which aspects of the product dominate and to guide sustainable design efforts. We explore two product design examples where a quick scoping exercise with EIO-LCA identifies clear areas of focus for design improvement and innovation.
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Fayzieva, Dilafruz. "Demographic Aspects of Increasing the Level of Employment of the Population." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c10.02094.

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The strengthening of the growth rate of the national economy is directly connected with the regular change in the structure of employment of the population Therefore, the greatest realization of human potential for the benefit of social well-being is at the center of attention of the state policy of regulation of the labor market. Accordingly, in the domestic economic science and practice, state support for the work capacity of the population However, the problem of determining the social and economic cost of labor and the rational use of human capital remains open for scientific research. The article examines the labor market in the Republic of Uzbekistan in terms of socioeconomic, age, gender and ethnic-national factors of population, macroeconomic aspects of managing employment processes in the context of ongoing reforms in Uzbekistan in accordance with the standards of the International Labor Organization, and provides scientific, methodological and practical aspects aimed at to increase the level of employment of the population. In this article were used secondary data from the statistical literatures.
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Nīmante, Dita, and Liene Ekša. "Inclusion of a Child With a Hearing Impairment in a Mainstream School, Single Case Study." In 78th International Scientific Conference of University of Latvia. University of Latvia, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.22364/htqe.2020.05.

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Inclusive education means that all pupils, regardless of their ability, gender and race, can study with their peers in the school closest to their place of residence. When enrolling students with special needs in a school, the quality of the student’s academic and social inclusion is equally important. The study aims to analyze the single case of inclusion of a boy with a hearing impairment in a mainstream school X to answer the research questions: how do teachers deal with a pupil with hearing impairment and his needs in the classroom, what are the peculiarities of a hearing-impaired child’s learning, what support (academic and social) is provided to the boy to promote his inclusion in school and the classroom? In the qualitative study, semi structured interviews were conducted with the boy with a hearing impairment and 5 teachers of school X and the boy’s father, they were analyzed using content analysis. Three main categories emerged from the data: (1) support provided by teachers/school; (2) social participation in the classroom, school, friendships, (3) barriers for inclusion. There were two time periods in the first category suggested: (a) before the boy was identified as a child with special needs and (b) after the statement on special needs were received. There were several sub-categories that emerged from the transcripts: support measures provided to a child with a hearing impairment in the classroom, organizational response of the school to a child with a hearing impairment, the visible and invisible aspects in social participation of a child with hearing impairment in a mainstream school. The study highlighted that the academic and social inclusion experience of a child with a hearing impairment in a mainstream school may differ before and after receiving the statement from the Pedagogical Medical Commission on the child’s special needs. The study discusses whether the statement of a pupil’s special needs may become a new barrier to inclusive education that encourages schools to develop new exclusionary practices.
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Sannikova, Aija, and Jelena Titko. "Social Entrepreneurship and Social Inequality: A Case Study of Latvia." In 22nd International Scientific Conference. “Economic Science for Rural Development 2021”. Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies. Faculty of Economics and Social Development, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.22616/esrd.2021.55.019.

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The present research analyses the theoretical and practical aspects of interaction between social entrepreneurship and socio-economic processes, thereby building up scientific experience in analyses of social entrepreneurship processes. The authors, based on a theoretical literature review and an examination of social entrepreneurship in Latvia, analysed the elements of the social entrepreneurship ecosystem, the impacts of social entrepreneurship and statistical data on social inequality in Latvia. The research concluded that social development in Latvia was at the initial stage, yet it provided support to people at risk of social exclusion and poverty. The development of social entrepreneurship in the regions of Latvia was uneven.
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Anca, Evija, and Biruta Sloka. "SOCIAL ENTREPRENEURSHIP AND EMPLOYMENT CHALLENGES OF PERSONS WITH MENTAL DISABILITIES." In New Challenges of Economic and Business Development. University of Latvia, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.22364/ncebd.2020.01.

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In developed countries there is a valuable experience how to include people with disabilities into society: involve in several activities and let them know as people valuable for the society. More and more academic research is devoted to those aspects as well as public policy is developed to create and support social entrepreneurship. Aim of the paper is to analyse findings and good practice of employment of people with mental disabilities in several countries and analyse the situation and possible developments on employment of people with mental disabilities in Latvia. Tasks of research: 1) analyse results of academic findings on good practice and challenges in employment of people with mental disabilities wold-wide; 2) analyse the developments and trends on employment of people with mental disabilities in Latvia; 3) propose possible development scenarios on employment of people with mental disabilities in Latvia. Research methods used in research: scientific publications analysis; analysis of legislative documents on employment of people with mental disabilities, analysis of statistical data on employment of people with mental disabilities. Research results have shown that in recent years many important steps in employment of people with mental disabilities in Latvia has been reached but there are some difficulties in realise of sustainability in this aspect.
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Reports on the topic "Economic aspects of Child support"

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Case, Anne, I.-Fen Lin, and Sara McLanahan. Understanding Child Support Trends: Economic, Demographic, and Political Contributions. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, December 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w8056.

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Oppel, Annalena. Beyond Informal Social Protection – Personal Networks of Economic Support in Namibia. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), November 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/ids.2020.002.

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This paper poses a different lens on informal social protection (ISP). ISP is generally understood as practices of livelihood support among individuals. While studies have explored the social dynamics of such, they rarely do so beyond the conceptual space of informalities and poverty. For instance, they discuss aspects of inclusion, incentives and disincentives, efficiency and adequacy. This provides important insights on whether and to what extent these practices provide livelihood support and for whom. However, doing so in part disregards the socio-political context within which support practices take place. This paper therefore introduces the lens of between-group inequality through the Black Tax narrative. It draws on unique mixed method data of 205 personal support networks of Namibian adults. The results show how understanding these practices beyond the lens of informal social protection can provide important insights on how economic inequality resonates in support relationships, which in turn can play a part in reproducing the inequalities to which they respond.
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Birch, Izzy. Financial Incentives to Reduce Female Infanticide, Child Marriage and Promote Girl’s Education: Institutional and Monitoring Mechanisms. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), December 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2021.005.

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The focus of this paper is on the complementary mechanisms and interventions likely to increase the effectiveness and impact of conditional cash transfer (CCT) schemes in South Asia that aim to reduce female infanticide and child marriage and promote girls’ education. The literature on the institutional aspects of these particular schemes is limited, but from this and from the wider literature on CCT programmes in similar contexts, the following institutional mechanisms are likely to enhance success: a strong information and communication strategy that enhances programme reach and coverage and ensures stakeholder awareness; advance agreements with financial institutions; a simple and flexible registration process; appropriate use of technology to strengthen access, disbursement, and oversight; adequate implementation capacity to support processes of outreach, enrolment, and monitoring; monitoring and accountability mechanisms embedded in programme design; coordination mechanisms across government across social protection schemes; an effective management information system; and the provision of quality services in the sectors for which conditions are required. There is a very limited body of evidence that explores these institutional issues as they apply to the specific CCT programmes that are the focus of this report, however, there is more available evidence of the potential impact of ‘cash-plus’ programmes, which complement the transfers with other interventions designed to enhance their results or address the structural barriers to well-being
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Araujo, María Caridad, Marta Rubio-Codina, and Norbert Schady. 70 to 700 to 70,000: Lessons from the Jamaica Experiment. Inter-American Development Bank, April 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0003210.

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This document compares three versions of the same home visiting model, the well-known Jamaica model, which was gradually scaled-up from an efficacy trial (proof of concept) in Jamaica, to a pilot in Colombia, to an at-scale program in Peru. It first describes the design, implementation and impacts of these three programs. Then, it analyzes the threats to scalability in each of these experiences and discusses how they could have affected program outcomes, with a focus on three of the elements of the economic model of scaling in Al-Ubaydli, et al. (Forthcoming): appropriate statistical inference, properties of the population, and properties of the situation. The document reflects on the lessons learned to mitigate the threats to scalability and on how research and evaluation can be better aligned to facilitate and support the scaling-up process of early child development interventions. It points out those attributes that interventions must maintain to ensure effectiveness at scale. Similarly, political support is also identified as indispensable.
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Rajarajan, Kunasekaran, Alka Bharati, Hirdayesh Anuragi, Arun Kumar Handa, Kishor Gaikwad, Nagendra Kumar Singh, Kamal Prasad Mohapatra, et al. Status of perennial tree germplasm resources in India and their utilization in the context of global genome sequencing efforts. World Agroforestry, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5716/wp20050.pdf.

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Tree species are characterized by their perennial growth habit, woody morphology, long juvenile period phase, mostly outcrossing behaviour, highly heterozygosity genetic makeup, and relatively high genetic diversity. The economically important trees have been an integral part of the human life system due to their provision of timber, fruit, fodder, and medicinal and/or health benefits. Despite its widespread application in agriculture, industrial and medicinal values, the molecular aspects of key economic traits of many tree species remain largely unexplored. Over the past two decades, research on forest tree genomics has generally lagged behind that of other agronomic crops. Genomic research on trees is motivated by the need to support genetic improvement programmes mostly for food trees and timber, and develop diagnostic tools to assist in recommendation for optimum conservation, restoration and management of natural populations. Research on long-lived woody perennials is extending our molecular knowledge and understanding of complex life histories and adaptations to the environment, enriching a field that has traditionally drawn its biological inference from a few short-lived herbaceous species. These concerns have fostered research aimed at deciphering the genomic basis of complex traits that are related to the adaptive value of trees. This review summarizes the highlights of tree genomics and offers some priorities for accelerating progress in the next decade.
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Rusk, Todd, Ryan Siegel, Linda Larsen, Tim Lindsey, and Brian Deal. Technical and Financial Feasibility Study for Installation of Solar Panels at IDOT-owned Facilities. Illinois Center for Transportation, August 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36501/0197-9191/21-024.

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The Smart Energy Design Assistance Center assessed the administrative, technical, and economic aspects of feasibility related to the procurement and installation of photovoltaic solar systems on IDOT-owned buildings and lands. To address administrative feasibility, we explored three main ways in which IDOT could procure solar projects: power purchase agreement (PPA), direct purchase, and land lease development. Of the three methods, PPA and direct purchase are most applicable for IDOT. While solar development is not free of obstacles for IDOT, it is administratively feasible, and regulatory hurdles can be adequately met given suitable planning and implementation. To evaluate IDOT assets for solar feasibility, more than 1,000 IDOT sites were screened and narrowed using spatial analytic tools. A stakeholder feedback process was used to select five case study sites that allowed for a range of solar development types, from large utility-scale projects to small rooftop systems. To evaluate financial feasibility, discussions with developers and datapoints from the literature were used to create financial models. A large solar project request by IDOT can be expected to generate considerable attention from developers and potentially attractive PPA pricing that would generate immediate cash flow savings for IDOT. Procurement partnerships with other state agencies will create opportunities for even larger projects with better pricing. However, in the near term, it may be difficult for IDOT to identify small rooftop or other small on-site solar projects that are financially feasible. This project identified two especially promising solar sites so that IDOT can evaluate other solar site development opportunities in the future. This project also developed a web-based decision-support tool so IDOT can identify potential sites and develop preliminary indications of feasibility. We recommend that IDOT begin the process of developing at least one of their large sites to support solar electric power generation.
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Family Planning Programs for the 21st Century: Rationale and Design. Population Council, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.31899/rh11.1016.

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Family planning improves health, reduces poverty, and empowers women. Yet, today, more than 200 million women in the developing world want to avoid pregnancy but are not using a modern method of contraception. They face many obstacles, including lack of access to information and health-care services, opposition from their husbands and communities, misperceptions about side effects, and cost. Family planning programs are among the most successful development interventions of the past 50 years. They are unique in their range of potential benefits, encompassing economic development, maternal and child health, educational advances, and women’s empowerment. Research shows that with high-quality voluntary family planning programs, governments are able to reduce fertility and produce large-scale improvements in health, wealth, human rights, and education. This book is a comprehensive resource for policymakers and donors. It makes the case for increased funding and support of voluntary family planning, and details how to design programs to operate both ethically and effectively.
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