Journal articles: 'Economic aspects of Civil engineering'

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Diamantidis, Dimitris, Milan Holický, and Miroslav Sýkora. "Reliability and Risk Acceptance Criteria for Civil Engineering Structures." Transactions of the VŠB – Technical University of Ostrava, Civil Engineering Series. 16, no. 2 (December 1, 2016): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/tvsb-2016-0008.

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Abstract The specification of risk and reliability acceptance criteria is a key issue of reliability verifications of new and existing structures. Current target reliability levels in standards appear to have considerable scatter. Critical review of risk acceptance approaches to societal, economic and environmental risk indicates that an optimal design strategy is mostly dominated by economic aspects while human safety aspects need to be verified only in special cases. It is recommended to specify the target levels considering economic optimisation and the marginal life-saving costs principle, as both these approaches take into account the failure consequences and costs of safety measures.

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Liu, Chang Ming, and Peng Zhang. "Applied Civil Engineering Training Location Study." Advanced Materials Research 426 (January 2012): 359–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.426.359.

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Applied Civil Engineering Training has great significance to our infrastructure career. This article combines the characteristics of the subiect civil engineering training, from the following aspects, the development of the national economy, the promotion of the urbanization level, the prosperity of the construction industry, the reform of the industry and the trend of economic globalization and so on , to discuss the demand orientation of Applied Civil Engineering Training. From creative ability, comprehensive quality promotion, the difference between application-oriented personnel and skilled and technical personnel, to make a exposition of Applied Civil Engineering Training. From building practice teaching system, reform of examination system and so on ,to clear the method location. It provides guidance and reference to Applied Civil Engineering Training.

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Gosling, Geoffry D. "Economic Aspects of Rail Access to Airports." Journal of Transportation Engineering 112, no. 2 (March 1986): 212–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)0733-947x(1986)112:2(212).

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CICHOSZ, P. "Economic aspects of cutting with diamond-coated wire." Archives of Civil and Mechanical Engineering 8, no. 4 (January 2008): 5–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1644-9665(12)60117-4.

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Shynkar, Svitlana, Zoriana Gontar, Mariya Dubyna, Daria Nasypaiko, and Mariya Fleychuk. "ASSESSMENT OF ECONOMIC SECURITY OF ENTERPRISES: THEORETICAL AND METHODOLOGICAL ASPECTS." Business: Theory and Practice 21, no. 1 (March 24, 2020): 261–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/btp.2020.11573.

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The main objective of the study is to formulate a new approach of assessing economic security for industrial enterprises, indicating a different approach from existing ones, to allow for the very specifics of economic activity, and to allow the use of qualitative and quantitative indicators. We justified that the effectiveness of ensuring the economic security for industrial enterprises is determined by the quality of the information basis for the actions of security entities. A methodological approach is proposed that provides for the determination of the security level at three levels: “indicator – functional component – financial indicator” and allows to obtain reliable information about the economic security of oil and gas, engineering and food industries by taking into account the specifics of their economic activities.

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Jones, M. R. "Civil Airframe Structural Integrity—Some Probabilistic Aspects of Risk Assessment." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part G: Journal of Aerospace Engineering 210, no. 1 (January 1996): 19–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/pime_proc_1996_210_341_02.

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Fatigue is the mechanism of progressive damage which may ultimately limit the economic life of an airframe. However, there is an intrinsic variability in the life of nominally identical structures subjected to alternating loads. Currently, the uncertainty in the estimated fatigue lives is accounted for in design by applying ‘scatter factors’ to the results of full-scale fatigue tests or to deterministically calculated lives. An alternative approach is to perform a reliability analysis to ensure that the weaker members of an aircraft fleet will meet the design aims with a pre-defined level of reliability. This paper aims to develop and apply analytical models required to: determine the safe-life or inspection threshold for a given fleet size with a prescribed reliability and review and revise the inspection programme based on the results of in-service inspections.

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Konishi, S., K. Okano, Y. Ogawa, S. Nagumo, K. Tokimatsu, and K. Tobita. "Evaluation of fusion study from socio-economic aspects." Fusion Engineering and Design 75-79 (November 2005): 1151–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fusengdes.2005.06.338.

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Khalina, Olena, Volodymyr Bazyliuk, Olena Chornenka, Iryna Krasilych, and Maryna Korzh. "FORMATION OF ORGANIZATIONAL SUPPORT FOR THE MANAGEMENT OF THE ECONOMIC SECURITY OF ENGINEERING ENTERPRISES: METHODICAL AND PRACTICAL ASPECTS." Business: Theory and Practice 20 (August 29, 2019): 317–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/btp.2019.30.

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Difficult conditions of functioning and the severity of forecasting possible changes in the conduct of business stimulate a search for new ways to improve economic security management for engineering enterprises. The purpose of our article is to develop a methodological framework for the formation of organizational support for the management of economic security of an engineering enterprise with subsequent practical application. The subjects of the study are the activities of the top engineering enterprises in Ukraine for the period 2010–2017. Based on the analysis of engineering enterprises of Ukraine, we are in the results of the study allow us to estimate the potential losses from the realization of certain threats, as well as directly assess their impact on the activities of the enterprise. Developed methodological bases for the formation of organizational support for managing the process of ensuring the economic security of the engineering enterprise, providing for assessing the level of influence of threats, determining the optimal set of measures to improve organizational support in accordance with the results of calculating the integral level of threats, which allows planning possible costs for organizational support of protective actions as a whole at the enterprise, and in the context of the main structural units their subsequent optimization.

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Marcinkowska, Ewa, Krzysztof Gawron, and Mariusz Rejment. "TECHNICAL AND ECONOMIC ASPECTS OF REVITALIZATION OF DOWN-TOWN TENEMENT-HOUSES IN WROCŁAW." Journal of Civil Engineering and Management 21, no. 8 (November 23, 2015): 1036–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/13923730.2015.1027259.

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In the paper the authors examined the relations between the physical deterioration degree and the price of the tenement-houses in Wrocław. The researches concern the year’s 1991–2009. According to the following analyses: technical, technical-economic (concerning the relations between buildings technical condition and buildings price) and economic the authors have come the conclusions concerning the sensibility of the revitalization work. The authors also estimated the purchase limit profitability of the tenement-houses, which are going to be repaired and modernized or to be demolished and next to be built a new tenement-house. The direction of the engineering activities was shown. They could improve the economic effectiveness of the revitalized tenement-houses.

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Jiao, Ling. "Study on the Green Construction of Current Constraints and Promotion Measures in China." Applied Mechanics and Materials 507 (January 2014): 168–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.507.168.

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Green construction is the main application embodiment of sustainable development strategy in construction process, and presently is the trend of Civil engineering industry in China. In China Green construction has just started, many aspects should be improved, this paper summarized the Green construction application status and the insufficiency, and from ideas, technical and economic aspects, the causes are analyzed.On the basis, in order to promote the construction of sustainable development, some Suggestions and measures are Proposed.

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Rasburskis, Nerijus, Juozas Gudzinskas, and Jonas Gylys. "COMBINED HEAT AND POWER PRODUCTION: SOCIO‐ECONOMIC AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT ASPECTS." JOURNAL OF CIVIL ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT 12, no. 1 (March 31, 2006): 29–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/13923730.2006.9636369.

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The paper is based on the study of Lithuania facing the need for huge investments in both the replacement of the Ignalina nuclear power station and the replacement of district heating production units in many of the existing systems. Lithuania has a big technical potential for implementing small‐scale combined heat and power production (CHP) systems. Meanwhile, such implementation needs public regulation to become feasible not only from a socio‐economic, but also from a business economic point of view. The study focuses upon the analysis of methods for the incorporation of technical, economical and environmental considerations into large‐scale investment decision‐making in the energy sector. The research study could be a guideline for determination of national potential for high efficiency CHP not only from the technical, but both the economical and the environmental point of view. Based upon the results of the study investigation and analysis, areas for improvement in current energy sector investment decision-making processes are highlighted, and areas for further research are recommended.

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Aranda, José Ángel, Norena Martin-Dorta, Ferran Naya, Julián Conesa-Pastor, and Manuel Contero. "Sustainability and Interoperability: An Economic Study on BIM Implementation by a Small Civil Engineering Firm." Sustainability 12, no. 22 (November 17, 2020): 9581. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12229581.

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Sustainability and interoperability are two closely related concepts. By analyzing the three fundamental facets of sustainability—economic, ecological and ethical/social—it is easier to address their connection with the concept of interoperability. This paper focuses on the economic aspect, in the field of civil engineering. In this area, due to the local nature of many of the software tools used, interoperability problems are frequent, with few studies addressing the economic impact of this, especially in small engineering firms. The main contribution of this paper is a design methodology for linear works based on the federation of building information modelling (BIM) models created with different software tools, conceived to break the interoperability issues between these applications. As an example, this methodology is applied to a mountain road widening project. A detailed economic analysis of the application of this methodology by an engineering Spanish firm reveals the important cost reductions that the integration of the software tools provides versus the prior practices.

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Eheart, J. Wayland, and John P. Barclay. "Economic Aspects of Groundwater Withdrawal Permit Transfers." Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management 116, no. 2 (March 1990): 282–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)0733-9496(1990)116:2(282).

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Ingelstam, L. "Socio-economic aspects of fusion: research in the European context." Fusion Engineering and Design 46, no. 2-4 (November 1999): 423–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0920-3796(99)00034-4.

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Solouki, Abbas, Giovanni Viscomi, Riccardo Lamperti, and Piergiorgio Tataranni. "Quarry Waste as Precursors in Geopolymers for Civil Engineering Applications: A Decade in Review." Materials 13, no. 14 (July 15, 2020): 3146. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13143146.

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Carbon footprint reduction of paving materials could be explored through recycling mining by-products into different applications, which will preserve natural resources and decrease environmental issues. One possible approach is to reuse quarry dust and mining ore waste as precursors in geopolymer applications. geopolymers are mineral polymers rich in aluminosilicates with an amorphous to a semi-crystalline three-dimensional structure. The current review aims to summarize the studies conducted during the past decade on geopolymers containing quarry dust and mine tailings. The first section discusses various precursors used for geopolymer cement production such as metakaolin, ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBFS), fly ash, and quarry/mining ore wastes including silt, tungsten, vanadium, copper, gold, zinc, marble, iron, basalt, and lithium. Different calcination treatments and curing conditions have been summarized. In some cases, the precursors are required to be calcined to increase their reactivity. Both ambient temperature and elevated temperature curing conditions have been summarized. Less attention has been paid to room temperature curing, which is necessary for field and industrial implementations. Engineering properties such as compressive strength, density, durability and acid resistance, water absorption and abrasion of geopolymers containing mining waste were reviewed. One of the main barriers preventing the widespread use of waste powders, in addition to economic aspects, in geopolymers could be due to their unstable chemical structure. This was shown through extensive leachate of Na+ or K+ cations in geopolymer structures. The review of over 100 articles indicated the need for further research on different aspects of quarry waste geopolymer productions before its full industrial implementation.

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Jasiūnas, Justinas, Peter D. Lund, Jani Mikkola, and Liinu Koskela. "Linking socio-economic aspects to power system disruption models." Energy 222 (May 2021): 119928. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2021.119928.

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Dzikuć, M., and K. Łasiński. "Technical and Economic Aspects of Low Emission Reduction in Poland." International Journal of Applied Mechanics and Engineering 22, no. 4 (December 20, 2017): 1107–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ijame-2017-0072.

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Abstract The paper presents the problem of excessive air pollution in Poland caused mainly by low emission. The emission arises in result of heating flats by means of old and energetically inefficient heating installations. In Poland and Bulgaria the inhaled air is of the worst quality out of all EU countries. The paper presents economic and technical problems related to low emission occurring during the combustion of solid fuels in local boiler houses. Furthermore, the most significant economic issues, connected with the reduction of low emission are discussed, as well as technological possibilities of efficient reduction of the amount of pollution in the atmosphere. Conclusions are presented at the end of the article.

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Maidyrova, Aigul, and Aybeniz Tariverdi kizi Mamedova. "Economic and Legal Aspects of Labor Market Regulations in the Modern Kazakhstan." Verslas: teorija ir praktika 14, no. 4 (November 11, 2013): 267–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/btp.2013.28.

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Amarilla, Beatriz Cecilia. "La relación costo-calidad. Algunos aspectos económicos del confort térmico." Informes de la Construcción 45, no. 429 (February 28, 1994): 49–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.3989/ic.1994.v45.i429.1151.

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Pozdnyakov, Andrey. "Ecological and economic aspects of planning of urban development." Istrazivanja i projektovanja za privredu 15, no. 4 (2017): 418–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/jaes15-14666.

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Shapira, Aviad. "Work Inputs and Related Economic Aspects of Multitier Shoring Towers." Journal of Construction Engineering and Management 130, no. 1 (February 2004): 134–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)0733-9364(2004)130:1(134).

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Dagoumas, Athanasios. "Modelling socio-economic and energy aspects of urban systems." Sustainable Cities and Society 13 (October 2014): 192–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scs.2013.11.003.

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Ahmad, Furkan, and Mohammad Saad Alam. "Economic and ecological aspects for microgrids deployment in India." Sustainable Cities and Society 37 (February 2018): 407–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scs.2017.11.027.

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Sipes, James L., A. Paul James, Joan Lindley, Terrie Campbell, Rob Gragg, and Clint Harbert. "Scenic Byways: A Review of Processes, Administration, and Economic Impacts." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1599, no. 1 (January 1997): 96–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1599-12.

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Since the passage of the Scenic Byways Act in 1989 and the publication of the Scenic Byways Advisory Committee Report of 1991, many states have created byways programs, joining the states that have had administered programs for years. The initial flurry of activity has retreated somewhat, and some of the original interest has waned. Yet this period offers an advantage to states such as Oklahoma that did not begin a byways program immediately after 1989-1991. What aspects of their programs have been successful? What has worked well and what has not? These questions prompted a detailed analysis of how states were addressing specific issues such as ( a) the creation, administration, and funding of a scenic byways agency, ( b) designation criteria, and ( c) the economic effects of scenic byways. The objective was to determine which ideas and modifications implemented by other states could translate to Oklahoma's setting.

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Zygmunt, Marcin, and Marcin Piczulski. "Economic, environmental and social aspects of buildings’ refurbishment – a case study." Przegląd Naukowy Inżynieria i Kształtowanie Środowiska 27, no. 4 (January 10, 2019): 567–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.22630/pniks.2018.27.4.52.

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The aim of the article is to presents the results of calculations regarding the: economic – based on the life cycle costing (LCC) approach, environmental – based on the life cycle assessment (LCA) approach and social aspects of modeled refurbishment of residential and non-residential stock of buildings. Particular emphasis was placed on the impact of energy efficiency of the modeled buildings on environmental aspects and the selection of renewable and non-renewable energy sources. The article presents an analysis of an area of energy cluster in terms of environmental aspects and a detailed analysis of an offi ce building using advanced energy simulations. The calculations for energy cluster was made using Polish energy certifi cate methodology (monthly calculations) while analysis of an office building was performed using dynamic hourly simulations with use of Energy Plus software. Performed analysis results in reaching energy efficiency scenarios for both cases according to meeting sustain development idea.

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Dzikuć, M., and K. Łasiński. "Technical and Economic Aspects of Biomass Co-Firing in Coal-Fired Boilers." International Journal of Applied Mechanics and Engineering 19, no. 4 (November 1, 2014): 849–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ijame-2014-0060.

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Abstract The article presents the analysis of the potential of using biomass and coal co-firing in the Polish electro energetic system and shows the benefits resulting from an increase of biomass amount in electricity production in one of the largest Polish power stations. The paper discusses the most often used technologies for biomass co-firing and the potential of using biomass in electricity production in Poland. It also emphasises the fact that biomass co-firing allows a reduction of greenhouse gases emissions to the atmosphere and helps decrease consumption of energy resources. The article also emphasises the economic meaning of increasing the share of renewable energy resources in energy balance, including biomass, due to costs related to greenhouse gases emissions charges. Finally, conclusions from using biomass and coal co-firing in electricity production are presented

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Berechman, Joseph. "Transportation––economic aspects of Roman highway development: the case of Via Appia." Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice 37, no. 5 (June 2003): 453–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0965-8564(02)00056-3.

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Stankovic, Ivan, Milan Gocic, and Slavisa Trajkovic. "Forming of science and technology park as an aspect of civil engineering." Facta universitatis - series: Architecture and Civil Engineering 7, no. 1 (2009): 57–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/fuace0901057s.

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Forming of science and technology parks is followed by the establishment of the appropriate building infrastructure that will form the park basis, as well as accompanying infrastructure facilities in which the professional staff would live and spend their time, and thus create the environment to live and work in. The science and technology park is the term which is used to describe various attempts to encourage the development of entrepreneurship through the establishment of knowledge-based small and medium-sized enterprises. The main goal of science and technology parks is joining the economic and intellectual resources in the region in which the park is established in one unit, in order to improve and enhance the existing companies' business conditions and to concentrate knowledge in one place. For this type of organization it is necessary to choose the area where the park will be built and determine the function of the complex of buildings to ensure the work of the scientists and research workers. In this paper the general conditions, which are required so that the management of the organization that founds the park would achieve the successful results, will be shown. It will present the conditions which are concerned with the necessary human, technological and infrastructural resources for the establishment of science and technology park on one territory, appropriate examples in the world and the beginning of the process of forming the science and technology park in Nis.

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Gómez-Llanos, Eva, and Pablo Durán-Barroso. "Learning Design Decisions in Massive Open Online Courses (MOOC) Applied to Higher Education in Civil-Engineering Topics." Sustainability 12, no. 20 (October 13, 2020): 8430. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12208430.

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Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) reflect the relationship among social, economic, and environmental aspects of society. Massive online open courses (MOOCs) represent an opportunity to promote lifelong learning (SDG 4), complementing university education or providing knowledge to society free and openly. The objective of this work is to analyze experiences in one MOOC about wastewater treatment applied to higher education in civil engineering (SDG 6). The proposed educational methodology and the achieved participation results are studied. The MOOC had three editions and was hosted on the Miríadax platform. Data about sociodemographic characteristics, initial motivation, and satisfaction level were collected from questionnaires. The results highlighted the importance of design decisions to obtain a high completion rate: defining a target audience, without prejudice to the course’s open character, where the prior knowledge of students is crucial. The teaching methodology is based on autonomous and progressive learning, with short and direct master classes, social support, with the motivation of students to continue their training with opening complementary topics in the forums, following up on their doubts, and their combination with social networks.

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Chamorro, Alondra, and Susan Tighe. "Development and Application of a Sustainable Management System for Unpaved Rural Road Networks." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2673, no. 12 (September 15, 2019): 891–901. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198119864908.

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For the sustainable management of rural roads, social, institutional, technical, economic and environmental aspects should be considered under a long-term perspective. The current practice in developing countries is that only some of these key sustainable aspects are considered in the management process. In addition, rural roads maintenance management is commonly performed under a short-term basis, not considering the life-cycle costs and benefits in the economic analysis and project prioritization. This paper presents the development of a sustainable management system for rural road networks and its application in developing countries. The approach considers the development of a sustainable framework, application of a network-level condition evaluation methodology, condition performance models for gravel and earth roads, cost-effective maintenance standards, a long-term prioritization procedure that accounts for sustainable aspects, and a computer tool that integrates the system components. The management system has been applied and validated in two unpaved rural road networks in developing countries, located in Chile and Paraguay. Sensitivity analysis was carried out to assess the impacts of input parameters in the performance of developed system. As a result of the research an adaptable and adoptable sustainable management system for rural networks has been developed to assist local road agencies in developing countries.

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Akyuz, E., Z. Oktay, and I. Dincer. "Energetic, environmental and economic aspects of a hybrid renewable energy system: a case study." International Journal of Low-Carbon Technologies 6, no. 1 (November 19, 2010): 44–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ijlct/ctq041.

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Holguín-Veras, José, Kaan Ozbay, Robert Baker, David Sackey, Angel Medina, and Sajjad Hussain. "Toward a Comprehensive Policy of Nighttime Construction Work." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1861, no. 1 (January 2003): 117–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1861-12.

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A first approximation toward a comprehensive policy of nighttime construction work based on the explicit consideration of the following three main aspects is presented: ( a) the travel time savings produced by nighttime construction work, ( b) the impact that nighttime work has on worker’s human factors (e.g., sleep deprivation and disruption of family and social lives), and ( c) the impact that pay differentials for nighttime workers would have on project costs. Other aspects such as quality of work and inspection were not studied because of project constraints. The travel time and economic savings of nighttime work were estimated by means of traffic simulations for a typical case. The human factor analyses relied on field surveys and interviews with workers. This research found ample evidence that indicates that nighttime work produces ( a) negative impacts on the workers’ sleep patterns, body rhythms, and social and family lives and ( b) significant economic savings in terms of travel time to motorists. A set of policy recommendations is discussed and analyzed.

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Doroshenko, Anatolievich, Alekseevna Minaeva, Nikolajevna Avilova, Vladimirovna Somina, and Viktorovna Leonova. "Socio-economic aspects of development of small innovative business in Russia." Istrazivanja i projektovanja za privredu 13, no. 4 (2015): 293–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/jaes13-8996.

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Febrianto, Alpius, and Sufiati Bestari. "Pemanfaatan Batu Sungai Masuppu Kecamatan Masanda Dalam Campuran AC-WC." Paulus Civil Engineering Journal 3, no. 2 (June 2, 2021): 228–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.52722/pcej.v3i2.251.

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Highway is part of the Science of Civil Engineering and always develops over time. In increasing the provision of land transportation, roads are important infrastructure that must be considered in development. The availability of adequate road infrastructure will have a positive impact on the development of community activities from the economic, political, social, cultural, defense and security aspects of the country.This research was intended to utilize Masuppu River Stones in Masanda Subdistrict as a mixture of AC-WC. The methodoIogy in this research is to conduct a series of tests for the characteristics of coarse, fine, and fiIIer aggregates, then design the composition of the Laston AC-WC mixture and the Marshall test to obtain the characteristics of the mixture and the MarshaII immersion test to obtain the immersion index (IP) / residuaI strength index (IKS) / durabiIity of the mixture with optimum asphaIt content. The results of research carried out at the Laboratory of Engineering and AspaI Functions of Engineering Department of Civil Engineering, Christian University of Indonesia, PauIus Makassar, show that the characteristics of the pavement material in the form of Masuppu River rock, Masanda District, meet the specifications as a road pavement coating material.

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Rogers, Lee H. "Have We Lost the Message Before Gaining the Knowledge?" Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1604, no. 1 (January 1997): 170–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1604-20.

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Professional documentation of transportation technology and project development from the past 12 decades is progressively being lost to the engineering and economic community. For more than three decades tons of books, reports, plans, and documents on myriad aspects of transportation have been discarded by local and national government agencies, university libraries, and private firms. Seldom have these groups sought alternative locations for their accumulated collections. The issues at the time of discard are not often related to proprietary aspects of the documents but rather appear to be based on the human reasoning that if the documents have no merit for the agency or firm in possession of them, then they have no interest for others. The issue is brought before professionals so that discussion and options may be explored. Given the electronic options in document retention and retrieval, the professional community has new opportunities to preserve and utilize the valuable insights of paper-based documents without incurring the expense of extensive floor space.

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Ishai, Edna. "Span length between bearing walls in prefabricated row housing— Architectural and economic aspects." Building and Environment 21, no. 3-4 (1986): 201–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0360-1323(86)90031-4.

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Ning, Xin, Tong Liu, Chunlin Wu, and Chao Wang. "3D Printing in Construction: Current Status, Implementation Hindrances, and Development Agenda." Advances in Civil Engineering 2021 (April 5, 2021): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6665333.

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3D printing (3DP) is regarded as an innovation that contributes to automation in civil engineering and offers benefits in design, greenness, and efficiency. It is necessary to objectively analyze the current status and challenges associated with 3DP and identify future research directions to properly understand its construction applications. Previous research has focused more on the technical dimension of 3DP; however, the nontechnical dimension of the technology may hinder its implementation and thus must be paid particular attention to. This study presents a systematic review of the existing literature from both technical and nontechnical dimensions by combining quantitative and qualitative studies. The quantitative study was conducted using scientometric methods. The qualitative study analyzed information, including the technical research status and nontechnical challenges and trends. Two aspects of technical research status are presented, including materials and processes. In addition, nontechnical challenges and trends from the economic, environmental, social, and legislative aspects are proposed. This study provides a comprehensive agenda to advance 3DP in construction and proposes research interests, challenges, and future topics. It is intended to help construction practitioners systematically master existing processes and materials and assess the application degree and necessity of 3DP.

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Lewicki, Wojciech. "Technical and economic aspects of starting a selected power unit at low ambient temperatures." Open Engineering 11, no. 1 (January 1, 2021): 606–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/eng-2021-0059.

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Abstract The article presents research on the impact of a 359 compression-ignition engine starting at low ambient temperatures. This engine is used in vehicles such as STAR 200, 244, and 226. The purpose of these tests was to determine the amount of wear depending on the ambient temperature and the number of starts, as well as to compare the wear at start-up with the wear occurring during tests on the dynamometer (long-term test for reliability) and wear occurring during the operation of the engine in the vehicle, and the impact of the number of starts and ambient temperature on diesel engine for the life of the vehicle to be repaired. The results of the author’s research showed that a minimum of the number of starts at low ambient temperatures has an impact on the number of kilometers driven by the car during operation to replace the cylinder liners (engine repair). Apart from the Polish armed forces and armies of other countries in which this type of vehicle is still used, the direct recipients of the research results are also other entities from the logistics transport sector for which further use of this power unit especially at low ambient temperatures is of fundamental economic importance.

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Lange, K. "Economic aspects of the application of additional sail power on small German fishing vessels." Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics 19, no. 1-3 (July 1985): 139–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0167-6105(85)90058-3.

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Leite Alves, Josivan, and Jeniffer de Nadae. "Application of the Analytical Hierarchy Process in sustainability in complex projects." Revista Gestão da Produção Operações e Sistemas 15, no. 4 (November 24, 2020): 134–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.15675/gepros.v15i4.2699.

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Purpose – Analyze how complexity influences the implementation of sustainability in complex civil construction projects. Design/methodology/approach – Based on the proposal of indicators due to the composition of the theoretical background of this research, the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) multi-criteria method was applied. Thus, the sampling for collection, through a questionnaire, was be limited to engineering professionals working in the Metropolitan Region of Cariri, extreme south of Ceará, more specifically in the cities Crato, Juazeiro do Norte, and Barbalha. Findings – In terms of the complexity of the projects, the research participants pointed out that changes made over time and the financial aspects are variables that considerably hinder the completion of the building. Finally, it was possible to notice that there is a close relationship between the indicators of complexity and sustainability, where the target audience of the research showed a strong tendency to consider the most important economic aspects of the design and execution of civil construction projects. Originality/value – This research contributes to the national literature by combining mathematical tools with practical applications. It encourages managers and academics to develop indicators for building a sustainability classification system for complex projects, according to their specificities. It also explains how the AHP determines the weights for each criterion, proposing a conceptual sustainability index module. Keywords - Sustainability. Civil Construction. Complexity. AHP

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Brunsdon, D. R., N. R. Britton, R. J. Carter, R. F. Crimp, E. F. Gates, M. A. Gordon, G. J. Hughson, et al. "Lessons for New Zealand lifelines organisations from the 17 January 1995 Great Hanshin earthquake." Bulletin of the New Zealand Society for Earthquake Engineering 29, no. 1 (March 31, 1996): 1–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.5459/bnzsee.29.1.1-55.

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This report outlines the observations and findings with regard to lifelines and other infrastructural items from each of the various New Zealand post-earthquake visits to Kobe subsequent to the NZNSEE reconnaissance team visit. The preliminary assessments on lifelines aspects made in the NZNSEE reconnaissance team report are developed further. Lessons and recommendations for New Zealand are presented. In addition to lifelines aspects, observations are also made on the political decision-making process, subsequent economic trends and temporary housing and emergency management issues.

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Li, Yan. "Comprehensive Benefit Evaluation of Cemented Paste Backfill in the Mining Industry." Advances in Civil Engineering 2021 (March 10, 2021): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6646671.

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With the increasing scrutiny on tailings management and requirements of the ground subsidence control, both the academia and industry are highly advocating the utilization of cemented paste backfill (CPB) in the mining industry. Literature review has shown that there are some studies conducted to evaluate the ecological environment, economic development, and social impact of mining. However, a comprehensive study about the economic benefits, resource benefits, environmental benefits, and social benefits of CPB is still lacking. This study aims to present a comprehensive benefit index system for CPB from four aspects, i.e., economy, resource, environment, and society. Questionnaires from experts and the mining industry using CPB technology were collected, and structural equation modeling (SEM) was used for data analysis. The relationships between economy, resource, environment, and society were analyzed. The results show that resource benefits have the greatest impact on the comprehensive benefit of CPB in the mining industry, followed by environmental, economic, and social benefits. According to relevance ranking, resource benefits are positively correlated with social, environmental, and economic benefits, whereas environmental, resource, and social benefits have correlation with economic benefits in turn. Therefore, resource, environmental, economic, and social benefits in order directly affect the comprehensive benefit of CPB on the basis of the influencing degree. Moreover, resource, environmental, and social benefits indirectly affect the comprehensive benefit of CPB. The research findings of this study would help the mining industry popularize the CPB technology and promote the sustainability and cleaner production of the mining industry.

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Banks, James H., and Patrick A. Powell. "San Diego Field Operational Test of Smart Call Boxes: Technical Aspects." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1603, no. 1 (January 1997): 27–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1603-04.

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Smart call boxes are devices similar to those used as emergency call boxes in California. The basic call box consists of a microprocessor, a cellular transceiver, and a solar power source. The smart call box system also includes data-collection devices, call-box maintenance computers, and data recording systems at a central location. The goal of the smart call box field operational test (FOT) was to demonstrate that smart call boxes are feasible and cost-effective means of processing and transmitting data for tasks such as traffic census, incident detection, hazardous weather reporting, changeable message sign control, and video surveillance. The objective of the FOT evaluation was to determine the cost-effectiveness of smart call boxes, but because of schedule slippage the evaluation focused on only functional adequacy and capital costs. The concept for the smart call box system was found to be feasible but not necessarily optimal for the tasks involved. System integration was a major problem. Also, the number of external devices that can be attached to a single call box while maintaining the economic advantages of the system is restricted by wiring costs and limitations of the solar power supply. Test system performance was mixed. One subtest was canceled before the installation of equipment, functional systems were produced for only three of the four remaining subtests, and reliable operation was observed in only one case. In most cases, system costs will be dominated by the expense of installing wiring. Consequently, smart call boxes will be cost-effective compared with hardwire systems at many sites but may not be cost-effective compared with alternative wireless systems.

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Podra, Olha, Liliia Kurii, Victor Alkema, Halyna Levkiv, and Oleh Dorosh. "THEORETICAL ASPECTS OF HUMAN CAPITAL FORMATION THROUGH HUMAN POTENTIAL MIGRATION REDISTRIBUTION AND INVESTMENT PROCESS." Business: Theory and Practice 21, no. 1 (February 6, 2020): 71–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/btp.2020.11197.

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Our research is devoted to the investigation of theoretical aspects of human capital formation through human potential migration redistribution and investment process. This topic was chosen because in the modern conditions human potential development becomes one of basic factors of the competitiveness and economic growing of countries. Migration redistribution becomes an effective mean of indemnification of human potential losses, gives additional possibilities to its development financing, quantitative increase and additional innovative changes in the context of information society and knowledge-based economy development. The detailed analysis of the human potential development and implementation on the global labor market, the emergence of the migration cycle, and process of human potential transformation to capital that is able to provide the socio-economic and individual effects receiving was conducted in the article. Results of this study have theoretical and practical significance. They can be used as a basis for further scientific studies in this field and can be used by state institution in the direction of strategic management of human resources through the human potential migration redistribution and investment process that implies expansion of investment instruments, market infrastructure subjects development all this may provide the reception of material or status effects as a result of human potential capitalization in the labour market.

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Spišáková, Marcela, Peter Mésároš, and Tomáš Mandičák. "Construction Waste Audit in the Framework of Sustainable Waste Management in Construction Projects—Case Study." Buildings 11, no. 2 (February 11, 2021): 61. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings11020061.

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The issue of sustainability has long been the subject of interest in architecture engineering and the construction sector. All three aspects of sustainability—economic, environmental, and social—can be affected through appropriate construction waste management. Construction and demolition waste (CDW) is one of the largest worldwide waste streams, therefore, it is given great attention by all stakeholders (investors, contractors, authorities, etc.). Research studies show that one of the main barriers to insufficient CDW recovery is inadequate policies and legal frameworks to manage CDW. It is also one of European Union’s (EU) environmental priorities. The aim of the article was to confirm the economic potential of construction and demolition waste audit processing through a case study. A pre-demolition waste audit was processed for an unused shopping center building in the town Snina in Slovakia. Subsequently, a comparison of economic parameters (waste disposal costs and transport costs) of the recommended CDW management was performed. This comparison confirmed the economic benefits of environmentally friendly construction waste management methods according to the waste audit results, which would also increase the sustainability of construction projects. Additionally, the cost parameters of selected waste disposal methods could be another dimension of building information modeling.

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Chen, Ke. "On the Influence of Pile Foundation Settlement of Existing High-Rise Buildings on the Surrounding Buildings." Advances in Civil Engineering 2021 (May 8, 2021): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/5560112.

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Pile foundation settlement is a kind of foundation form. In recent years, because of the increasing population and economic development in China, high-rise buildings have emerged in people’s vision. Due to the development of engineering construction, the type and technology of pile foundation, as well as the control and detection of the single pile and pile group have been greatly improved. In view of the influence of pile foundation settlement on the surrounding environment of high-rise buildings, this paper mainly studies from the angle of single pile settlement and pile group settlement. According to the construction method of pile foundation, the static pressure sinking pipe cast-in-place pile can produce soil squeezing effect in pile foundation construction. The experimental analysis was carried out. According to the engineering example, finite element numerical simulation is used to analyze the influence degree of pile foundation settlement on adjacent buildings with and without raft, and the feasibility and correctness of numerical simulation are analyzed by comparing the simulation results with the measured values. This paper mainly studies the influence of pile foundation settlement of high-rise buildings on surrounding buildings from the aspects of problems and solutions.

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Shao, Jun Yi, and Dong Wang. "Research on Innovative Technologies for Construction of Alien & Large-Scale Aluminum/Wood Window." Advanced Materials Research 935 (May 2014): 247–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.935.247.

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New building materials alien & large-scale aluminum/wood window with the features of different shapes and large scale is a new direction in the application of civil and commercial building. The traditional method of construction and installation is prone to a lot of quality issues. If measures cannot be promptly taken to deal with or prevent these aspects, which will inevitably affect use function, durability and aesthetics, while maintenance is difficult, meantime resulting in increased costs. Thus, considering the safe use, durability and exterior performance, the project quality must be improved. This paper makes related research about the quality issues, proposes corresponding solutions and provides a complete set of construction technology processes. At last, through engineering case analysis the economic and social benefits.

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Bevan, Emma A. M., and Ping Yung. "Implementation of corporate social responsibility in Australian construction SMEs." Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management 22, no. 3 (May 18, 2015): 295–311. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ecam-05-2014-0071.

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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to investigate the implementation of corporate social responsibility (CSR) related activities in small to medium sized construction enterprises within Australia. Reasons behind the implementation level are also evaluated. Design/methodology/approach – Quantitative and qualitative company level data from 28 Australian small to medium sized construction enterprises were collected using an in-depth questionnaire. Levels of CSR implementation in three aspects, namely, environmental, social and ethical, were measured. Each aspect was broken down into sub-areas and implementation scores were aggregated and normalised. Awareness level and concern for economic aspect, the two hypothesised reasons for level of implementation, were also measured. Non-parametric correlation analyses were used to examine the hypotheses. Findings – The findings suggest small to medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) incorporate some aspects of CSR into their business activities even though they do not refer to the practices as CSR, as none of them have a formal CSR policy in place. Most SMEs in the construction industry implement ethical and economic aspect of CSR; however implementation across environmental and social issues is limited. Non-parametric correlation analyses show that higher awareness of CSR issues leads to higher levels of implementation and that concern about economic aspect is not a reason why CSR is not implemented into business practices. Research limitations/implications – Everett Rogers’ diffusion paradigm can also be applied to CSR implementation, but more research works are required to theoretically and empirically examine the relationships between CSR implementation and economic aspect. Originality/value – It is apparent that there is a significant gap in the research regarding Australian SMEs and sustainability issues as the majority of the literature is focused upon large organisations even though the approaches taken by SMEs towards CSR are very different to those of large corporations. The SME business sector is a significant sector in terms of its environmental, economic and social impacts. Hence recognition of this sector is growing and is now becoming the focus of an agenda to promote the implementation of CSR practices in SMEs. This paper aims to provide useful and detailed information to add to what is currently an underdeveloped body of knowledge in this area.

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Akhavein, Armin, Ali RezaHoseini, AmirMohammad Ramezani, and Morteza BagherPour. "Ranking Sustainable Projects through an Innovative Hybrid DEMATEL-VIKOR Decision-Making Approach Using Z-Number." Advances in Civil Engineering 2021 (April 10, 2021): 1–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6654042.

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According to the heavy reliance of economic growth on environmental and social matters, sustainable development has turned into one of the main strategies of the organizations associated with selecting the project basket. Moreover, market conditions, rapid global changes in several aspects, uncertainty in intellectual judgments of the experts, and many other factors have increased uncertainty in problems of this kind. Accordingly, the main objective of this paper is to develop a mixed decision-making approach (DEMATEL-VIKOR) with the aim of ranking and evaluating suggested projects considering sustainability indices in a “mass production and infrastructural” company under uncertainty, while also taking reliability (Z-number information) into account. Given the existing uncertainty in the opinions of experts and previous data, fuzzy approach and Z-number information have been employed for weighting the filtered sustainability indices that are aligned with the objectives of the considered company (Z-DEMATEL), as well as ranking candidate projects (Z-VIKOR), which contribute to the main innovation of the present research. In addition, for scoring in the Z-number state, a novel definition of linguistic variable (fuzzy linguistic variable considering probabilities) has been put forward. The suggested approach was solved by an expert in two numerical examples in three certain, fuzzy, and Z-number scenarios, the results of which show that different results are obtained for different scenarios. Apart from that, given that Z-number takes the probability of reliance on the opinions of experts into consideration, the more the approach moves from being certain towards the fuzzy state and the Z-number state, the more the results approach the real world, hence yielding more reliable results. Therefore, results obtained from the proposed Z-DEMATEL-VIKOR approach are far more reliable. Moreover, significance weights in the Z-number scenario are 39%, 26%, and 36% in the economic, social, and environmental dimensions, respectively, which is indicative of the importance of social and environmental aspects apart from the economic dimension.

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Chita, Eleni, Efi Drimili, Zoe Gareiou, Christina Milioti, Antigoni Vranna, Stavros Poulopoulos, and Efthimios Zervas. "Impact of Economic Crisis on Passenger Transportation – Case of Travelling to the Greek Mainland from Crete." Promet - Traffic&Transportation 32, no. 3 (May 10, 2020): 347–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.7307/ptt.v32i3.3255.

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The Greek economic crisis of 2009 onwards has affected all aspects of social and economic life of the country, including transportation. The present study focuses on the impact of economic crisis on the long distance transportation between the island of Crete in Greece, the largest Greek island and one of the largest in the Mediterranean Sea, and the Greek mainland. A questionnaire survey was used to investigate the opinions of the Cretans on the way the economic crisis influenced their transportation to the Greek mainland. The results of the survey show that the frequency of the Cretans’ travels was significantly limited, owing to the increased direct or indirect associated cost, due to the economic crisis. Especially for those who struggled to make ends meet, the transportation to the mainland dropped to the bare essentials. Furthermore, the respondents deemed that the deregulation of the Greek maritime and airline markets was also to blame for the high fares, thus they favoured a regulated public transport sector and were against privatization. Inevitably, financially vulnerable individuals were the most preoccupied with these issues. A feeling of isolation and exclusion was revealed by the sample on occasions when the scheduled trips were cancelled by the operators due to exogenous parameters.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Economic aspects of Civil engineering'

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