Relevant bibliographies by topics / Economic aspects of Community development

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  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
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Academic literature on the topic 'Economic aspects of Community development'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 4 March 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Economic aspects of Community development"

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Majerová, Věra. "Social Aspects Of Rural Community Development." Acta Regionalia et Environmentalica 12, no. 1 (May 1, 2015): 11–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/aree-2015-0003.

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Abstract A well-balanced relationship between economic and social progress is the main prerequisite of rural community stability. Economic development is influenced by many factors. Some of these are statistically discoverable and quantifiable, while others, which fall within the sphere of social relations and their identification, are more difficult to measure and interpret. Czech rural areas face many problems which arise from their specific features – socio-demographic structure, job possibility of various social groups, provision of the proper level of public services, transport accessibility, etc. However, there is no direct connection between economic factors and mutual relations within the rural community. Values, opinions and the behavioural patterns of people are immediately displayed in a locality, but their character is shaped by the regional and national assumptions of every stage of development. Contributions are drawn from the accessible literature and secondary data of empirical research projects.
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Brown, K. A. P. "FROM OUR CORRESPONDENT Economic Aspects of Community Development in Ghana." Community Development Journal 22, no. 1 (1987): 52–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cdj/22.1.52.

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Fauroni, R. Lukman, and Mujahid Quraisy. "Pesantren Agility in Community Economic Development." Muqtasid: Jurnal Ekonomi dan Perbankan Syariah 10, no. 2 (December 1, 2019): 155–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.18326/muqtasid.v10i2.155-168.

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Abstract This study aims to elaborate on the pesantren agility viewed from the aspects of sources and its implementation in the community economic development. The research uses the case study method. The research finds that pesantren agility is sourced from the traditional intellectual pesantren, the implemented integration of Islamic teaching and values in social-economic fields. Pesantren agility is the epicenter for the strength of socioeconomic functions, particularly the development of the community’s economy through the transformation and expansion of pesantren institutional services. The pesantren agility has been applied in community economic development according to the economic needs.AbstrakKajian ini bertujuan mengelaborasi agilitas pesantren dari aspek sumber dan implementasinya dalam pengembangan ekonomi komunitas. Metode penelitian menggunakan studi kasus. Ditemukan agilitas pesantren bersumber dari modal intelektual tradisi pesantren dan implementasi integrasi ajaran agama Islam dalam bidang sosial ekonomi. Agilitas pesantren merupakan episentrum bagi kekuatan fungsi sosial ekonomi khususnya dalam pengembangan ekonomi komunitas melalui transformasi perluasan fungsi kelembagaan pesantren. Agilitas pesantren diaplikasikan dalam pemberdayaan ekonomi komunitas sesuai kebutuhan dasar ekonominya.
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Risal, Semuel, Irawanto Irawanto, Putri Hergianasari, Anita Ade Rahma, and Ika Devy Pramudiana. "Border Development Model on the Human Development Aspects for Sustainable Community." Jurnal Borneo Administrator 18, no. 2 (August 25, 2022): 125–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.24258/jba.v18i2.971.

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The Indonesian government has implemented a border development policy. Still, it has not been able to answer the complexity of the problems that occur in border areas, especially in North Kalimantan. The development of border areas is closely related to the mission of national development, defence and state security to improve the Welfare of the people in the border areas, especially to ensure the integrity and sovereignty of the state. However, the condition of border communities in North Kalimantan is increasingly marginalized, where poverty and regional isolation trigger the high demands of local people to become border crossers to Malaysia. This study will examine the factors causing the economic backwardness of border communities in North Kalimantan, poverty and isolation of border communities, and security issues at the border. The results show that the border area needs to be closely monitored because it is a security-prone area. This makes the border development paradigm in Kaltara prioritize a security approach rather than Welfare. This causes the border areas in North Kalimantan to be scarcely touched by the dynamics of development. Therefore, border development needs to be placed in a people centre of development-oriented to people's economic development for sustainable communities through accelerating economic growth, improving the quality of human resources, and strengthening institutional capacity for border area development. Thus, border communities can enjoy prosperity by protecting and maintaining state sovereignty at the border.
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Handy, John W. "Community Economic Development: Some Critical Issues." Review of Black Political Economy 21, no. 3 (March 1993): 41–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02701704.

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Community development is an issue of continuing interest not only because of the need for more successful economic development within our cities, but because the survival of a significant portion of African-American poor is at stake. Community development planning seeks to improve all aspects of community life, including health, education, crime prevention, employment and training, business development, family stability, and housing. Community economic development must arise from our black churches, historically black colleges and universities, African-American officials, business leaders, teachers, and health and welfare professionals. In the real world, where group welfare functions are interdependent, only two possible long-term outcomes are both just and stable: win-win or lose-lose. Consequently, there is a need for significant Pareto improvements in all social programs. There are roles for both race-specific and race-neutral policies because long-term Pareto improvements can result both from programs such as targeted minority employment and training as well as color-blind policies that encourage legislators to forgo the coffers of the gun lobby and control the sale and use of guns. The paper will focus on the historical logic of public policy as reflected in housing policy, financing mechanisms under community development corporations, and the issue of an urban underclass. By reestablishing its commitment to the inner cities, the government can redress the onerous impact of two and a half decades of social and economic neglect and private investment retrenchment.
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Hidayat, Ivany, Nurlisa Ginting, and Hilma Tamiami Fachrudin. "Study on the Development of Community Based Tourism Coastal Areas (Case Study: Historical Beach in Batu Bara Regency)." International Journal of Research and Review 8, no. 10 (October 20, 2021): 141–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.52403/ijrr.20211019.

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The tourism industry is one of sectors that can help improve the welfare of the community. One of them is the famous Historical Beach in Batu Bara Regency. Historical Beach has opportunity to be developed as marine tourism by involving the community. The purpose of this research is to formulate the concept of Community Based Tourism towards the development of Historical Beach tourism areas. Tourist attractions on the economic aspect, the more tourists who come to visit tourist attractions because of the attractiveness that offers it, income of the community will increase. Then tourist attractions on the socio-cultural aspects of the study area for local products or community handicrafts have not been implemented, thus hampering the income of the surrounding community or craft activists. Amenity to the economic aspect, managers who are assisted by the local government can improve services and facilities and innovation of tourism activities to attract tourists to visit beach attractions. Amenity to the socio-cultural aspect, culture owned by the community is the coastal Malay culture which has great potential as an attraction for tourists to come to tourist objects as well as develop regional economic growth. Keywords: Community Based Tourism, Tourist Attractions, Amenities, Economic Aspects, Socio-Cultural Aspects.
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Lamichhane, Anjana, Anup K. C., and Bishal Sharma. "Socio-economic Aspects of Tourism Development in Chitlang Village, Makwanpur." Economic Journal of Nepal 43, no. 3-4 (December 31, 2020): 74–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ejon.v43i3-4.48038.

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This paper examines how the local community of Chitlang village perceives the tourism impact on their community and how their socio-economic characteristics influence their perception towards tourism. Self-administered questionnaires were interviewed to the local people. For this, a 5-point Likert-type response scale was used. Data from 54 completed questionnaires were analyzed quantitatively by various statistical techniques, including factor analysis and cluster analysis. The impacts on the local community were condensed into eight factors: community development, economic impacts, local production, local environment, youths’ consumption pattern, social impacts, occupational pattern, and land prices. Simultaneously, all respondents were segmented into six groups according to the socio-demographic factors (gender, age, education level, and occupation) by cluster analysis. The relationship between eight factors concerning tourism’s impacts and those six clusters groups with different socio-demographics were established. Educated youth were paying great attention to economic benefits and were concerned with the positive and negative impact of tourism on the local environment. Senior citizens with lower education levels perceived development of the locality from tourism, and other adult groups saw changes in occupational pattern changes.
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Karadjova, Vera, and Snezhana Dichevska. "ECONOMIC GROWTH V.S. ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT – COMPLEMENTARY INDICATORS." Balkans Journal of Emerging Trends in Social Sciences 2, no. 1 (2019): 28–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.31410/balkans.jetss.2019.2.1.28-38.

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The paper deals with a topic relating to the economic growth, development and general welfare of a national economy, a wider region, or even the entire world, through indicators that differentiate growth from development. It is a complex subject that contains numerous aspects of the life of a community in a certain space, which, because of its complexity, cannot be limited exclusively to economic aspects, so because of that cannot be limited exclusively to economic or monetary indicators. Life in a community besides the economic includes also legal, sociological, philosophical, psychological and other aspects, from which it logically results that measuring the development and welfare is a complex process that can hardly be limited to one indicator. In that sense, the paper addresses issues relating to production, distribution, fairness and equality, employment, unemployment, poverty, productivity, economic stability, sustainable development, human development, a sense of well-being and happiness, etc., in the direction of the thesis for the use of complementary development indicators. The complexity of the process of harmonizing the numerous indicators is further complicated by the need to calculate the degree of their mutual correlation, especially if it concerns divergent indicators or indicators that are mutually exclusive or have a negative correlation. The issue of welfare has been the subject of economic science interest since its very beginnings, even from the time of the first ancient thinkers when it was not singled out as an independent science, through the utopians, to contemporary economic thought. The economic operation and the rational use of limited resources in order to meet unlimited human needs is the heart of the economy. The basic indicator used to measure economic growth is undoubtedly the GDP and GDP per capita. But one has to take into account the distinction between quantitative growth and qualitative development, whereby GDP is an indicator of growth. Development is a broader concept that covers growth, but also technological and any other kind of advancement of the social community. Development as a qualitative feature means the advancement of the qualitative characteristics of society and the well-being of individuals, and the well-being is not only the increase of GDP, but the subjective sense of the people in the community that they live better, a sense of improving the quality of life. Growth and development together make the progress of the community. In this sense the paper elaborates just a few indicators of growth and development that are used parallel, such as GDP, Human Development Index, and the World Happiness index, that do not exclude each other and whose interwoven use gives a fuller picture of growth and development although the ranking of countries around the world according to one of these indicators may be quite different with respect to the ranking according to the other indicator. This only confirms the thesis of the need for a more comprehensive analysis of the analyzed issues and suggestions for a more comprehensive indicator that would be a complementary set of several alternative and complementary ones that would eliminate the shortcomings of its constituent parts, thereby obtaining a relevant indicator of economic development and welfare, without any intention to propose a concrete solution.
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Febriandhika, Ikke, and Teguh Kurniawan. "MEMBINGKAI KONSEP PARIWISATA YANG BERKELANJUTAN MELALUI COMMUNITY-BASED TOURISM : SEBUAH REVIEW LITERATUR." JPSI (Journal of Public Sector Innovations) 3, no. 2 (May 31, 2019): 50. http://dx.doi.org/10.26740/jpsi.v3n2.p50-56.

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Tourism has a positive impact, especially in economic aspects. The tourism activities involve interaction between the host community and tourist. One of the concepts in sustainable tourism development is Community-Based Tourism. This concept requires contribution and active participation of the local community in tourism development. The purpose of this study is to explain how the concept of sustainable tourism through Community-Based Tourism approach. This study used a qualitative method with a literature study. Finding of this study is the concept of Community-Based Tourism is used as tourism development design that focuses on the community with emphasizing the local potential and encouraging the community capacity development. The important aspects in the successful sustainable tourism development through Community-Based Tourism can be seen from various fields, like social-political, economic, environmental and cultural. In the social-political related to community involvement in decision-making, planning, and development. In the economic aspect aims to improve community welfare. While the environmental and cultural aspect associated with the protection of natural and cultural resources.
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Carvache-Franco, Mauricio, Wilmer Carvache-Franco, Diana Cecilia Sánchez-Riera, and Orly Carvache-Franco. "Community’s Perception of a Protected Area on the Impact of Tourism: The Santay Island Case of Ecuador." Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences 9, no. 4 (July 1, 2018): 31–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/mjss-2018-0112.

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Abstract Carrying out studies on the impact of the development of tourism in a community allows to have information about the positive or negative perception in the economic, sociocultural and environmental aspects that are part of their environment. The present empirical research was developed in situ on the Santay Island Ramsar site and protected area located in Guayaquil, Ecuador. Using a questionnaire, the perception of the Community in the face of tourism development was analysed, evidencing that the positive aspects most valued by the commune were “The inhabitants of the island feel more pride for belonging to it” (sociocultural aspect), “Improvement of access roads to the Island” (environmental aspect), “Improvement of quality of life “(sociocultural aspect),” Improves the quality of service in restaurants, shops and cabins in the area “(sociocultural aspect) and” Contribution to improve the standard of living “(economic aspect). The benefits derived from tourism development (positive aspects) outnumber and score the costs (negative aspects), so the community is in favour of tourism development. The general satisfaction of the commune with the tourism development in Isla Santay is considered a high. The variables that show a significant and positive correlation in community satisfaction with tourism development are the “Improvement of investments, more development and more infrastructure”.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Economic aspects of Community development"

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Simelane, Batsabile Nokulunga. "Socio-economic impacts of development initiatives led by international aid agencies in the local community of Msunduza." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1020818.

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Development is central to the existence of every society including demographic entities that constitute a community of people. Community development is a process designed to create conditions of economic and social progress for the entire community with its active participation and fullest possible reliance on the community development initiatives. The support of either individuals or organisations for the community to realise its full potential is essential, likewise is the role of development agencies in community development a good omen towards the advancement of human development. This research looks at a number of development initiatives presented by aid agencies aimed at improving community life, solving serious problems of quality life, social exclusion, and resources availability. The research explores the socio-economic impacts of development initiatives led by development agencies in local communities, a case study of a peri-urban community of Msunduza, Swaziland. The study was guided by five objectives: i) To evaluate the positive and negative impacts of development initiatives led by development agencies; ii) To establish to what extent the Msunduza community know community development initiatives and how they perceive them; iii) To analyse the sustainability of development initiatives/projects led by the development agencies; iv) To determine what the participatory principles of community development are in the area; v) To draw conclusions and make recommendations that will improve community development through organisational interventions.
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Wanjuu, Lazarus Zungwe. "The impact of government expenditure on economic growth of the economic community of West African states (ECOWAS)." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/13261.

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Available statistics on growth trends in the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) are wanting, particularly net per capita growth rates. The analysis of available data from 1970 to 2012 by this study, for instance, shows that the net real GDP growth rate for the ECOWAS is 0.52%. Only four countries had net growth rates above 1% per annum mean growth rate of ECOWAS region. At the estimated growth rate, the prospect of accelerated growth in ECOWAS is very weak. The Barro endogenous growth model states that government provision of services can generate externalities to the private productive activities. Government’s provision of productive services in ECOWAS can ensure long-run per capita output growth without the per capita growth rate running into steady state growth. However, there are divergent views as to whether government provision of services induces long run economic growth. These views are based on different schools of thought. For instance, the economic freedom school argues for minimum government involvement (small governments) to ensure economic and political freedom to induce private investors invest and encourage economic growth. The optimal government school of thought (medium size governments) argues that government spending enhances private productivity growth through the provision of infrastructure, spending on research and development, public education, sewage, other public goods and protection through functional law and order systems. The optimal school of thought also acknowledges that government expenditure can also reduce economic growth through increases in taxation. An increase in taxation reduces the returns on investment of physical and human capital and in research and development (R&D) of private firms. This thesis investigates the impact of government expenditure on the provision of public services on economic growth in ECOWAS. To assess the impact of government expenditure on the provision of services on economic growth of ECOWAS, this thesis assesses whether the size of government, government expenditure and economic institutions promoted economic growth in ECOWAS. The thesis also determines whether per capita government capital expenditure, per capita government consumption expenditure, per capita private capital stock, per capita manufacturing output, per capita services output and per capita agricultural output have any impact on per capita real GDP growth in ECOWAS. To carry out this study, data were collected from United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) database and Transparency International (TI) database. The data used covered the period of 1970 – 2013. The statistical research methods applied are the time-series methods of panel unit root test, panel co-integration test, and panel regression analysis, using both panel OLS regression models and estimation and inferences in co-integrated panel data regression methods. The panel OLS regression models applied are the panel OLS regression; panel fixed effect model (FEM) regression and the panel random effect model (REM) regression. The estimation and inferences in co-integrated panel data regression models applied are panel VEC regression model, panel DOLS regression and panel FMOLS regression. The panel DOLS regression and panel FMOLS regression models do not have an intercept, unlike their pure time-series models, which have intercepted. To ensure that the parameters estimated are reliable, this thesis conducted diagnostic tests to subject the regression result to scrutiny. The estimated panel data regression using panel OLS regression, panel FEM regression and panel REM regression indicate that the results of the estimated parameters were spurious having both autocorrelations and heteroscedasticity. High values of adjusted R-squares that were approaching one and high significant values of t statistics but very low values of Durbin-Watson Statistics demonstrated the existence of heteroscedasticity and autocorrelation in residuals. The results of the diagnostic tests also show that the DOLS estimated regression model out-performed both VEC and FMOLS regression models based on both aggregate data and per capita data estimated parameters. The results of the parameter estimated using panel VEC and panel FMOLS regression models showed that both panel VEC and panel FMOLS regression models had the problems of their residuals having not only autocorrelations but heteroscedasticity. The panel DOLS regression results were satisfactory, having no multicollinearity, autocorrelations and heteroscedasticity. The estimated panel DOLS regression results were applied to test hypotheses formulated to guide this thesis. Results from panel DOLS estimated parameters show that the existing government size in ECOWAS stimulated economic growth. The results also showed that the government expenditure exhibited an inverted U-shape with respect to economic growth. The thesis also showed that existing government size in ECOWAS significantly stimulated economic growth in the region. The results of regression indicate that economic institutions contribute negatively to the economic growth of the ECOWAS. The results also established that government capital expenditure per capita has significantly engendered economic growth. Government consumption expenditure per capita stimulated economic growth. However, private capital stock per capita has not stimulated economic growth in ECOWAS. Service sector output per capita, agricultural output per capita and manufacturing output per capita stimulated significantly economic growth in the ECOWAS sub-region.
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Gogi, Andile. "An investigation of the role of community development workers: Bitou municipality." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1015689.

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This treatise investigates the role of Community DevelopmentWorkers, with reference to the Bitou Municipality. The treatise comprises five chapters. The concept of Community Development Programme is fairly new in South Africa; therefore, further research is needed on the subject. A literature review was done to establish the concept and the background of the CDWP. A questionnaire was developed in order to obtain primary data from a selected sample group. The data obtained from the questionnaire was statistically analysed and interpreted. The core findings from the analysed questionnaire indicated the following: (a) CDWs clearly understand their role and responsibility, but there is a need for roles and functions to be clearly defined, with detailed terms of reference, to ensure a common understanding with other stakeholders, e.g. Ward Committees, Councillors, Non-governmental organisations, Communitybased organisations, and members of the community. (b) living conditions in the wards improved following the introduction of the CDWP. (c) there is a good relationship between CDWs, Ward Committees and Ward Councillors, but there is also a perception that Ward Committees and Community Development Workers constantly clash or compete in the wards in which they serve. (d) CDWs should not be affiliated to the ruling or any political party. (e) CDWs are confused regarding who is responsible for their remuneration (the Municipality or the Provincial Department of Local Government).
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Kabbale, Ivan Denis. "The conflicting aspects of economic development within Economic Partnership Agreements: will they promote development? a case study of the East African Community Economic Partnership Agreement." Thesis, University of Western Cape, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/3274.

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Malunga, Portia. "Social entrepreneurs as architects of community development in Cape Town : problems and prospects." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/2613.

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Thesis (MTech (Entrepreneurship))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2017.
Background and research problem: There have been claims in academic literature that social entrepreneurs, such as non-profit organisations and hybrid organisations that pursue social outcomes are architects or innovators of community development. However to date, there is no conclusive empirical evidence to support that claim. Main purpose of the study: The main purpose of this study was to gain an understanding of the opportunities created by social entrepreneurs, as architects of community development, in communities they operate; identify the main challenges that the social entrepreneurs face and come up with recommendations of how social entrepreneurs can deal with these challenges. For the purpose of the study, the focus was on communities especially those ravaged by various social ills. Research methodology: A mixed method approach was adopted as the study was underpinned by two paradigms namely, positivist and interpretivist philosophies. The survey strategy was used in conducting the inquiry. Data was collected using semi-structured questionnaires which were self-administered to 150 community members selected randomly. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 20 respondents. Computer aided statistical method was used to analyse quantitative data while qualitative data was analysed using noncomputer aided thematic techniques. Main findings, conclusions and recommendations: The study found that the majority of social entrepreneurs studied have been making positive contributions to various aspects of community development. However, none of them has embraced the whole range of community development aspects that are needed for a holistic approach to comprehensive contribution. Reasons for failure to embrace a holistic approach include a lack of social entrepreneurship development framework, and various operational and political challenges. It is also important to mention that the research techniques used are not adequate to measure certain types of social impacts of the social entrepreneur's efforts. For these, additional social impact measuring techniques would need to be developed and employed.
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Roderique, David Barton. "PRIVATE SECTOR ECONOMIC IMPACTS AND COMMUNITY RESPONSES TO LARGE SCALE ENERGY DEVELOPMENT (ST. JOHNS, ARIZONA)." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/275539.

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Auala, Sisco Lovisa Ndapanda. "Local residents' perceptions of community-based tourism : a survey of key stakeholders at Twyfelfontein Uibasen Conservancy in Namibia." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/2122.

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Thesis (MTech (Tourism and Hospitality)))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2010.
Local communities in Namibia have few options for alternative income apart from selling crafts and livestock farming. The main objective of this study was to create an in-depth understanding of the perceptions of the local community at Twyfelfontein Uibasen Conservancy regarding community based tourism (CBT), and to develop strategies that could be used to influence these perceptions with the main goal of using CBT as a vehicle towards the improvement of local peoples' livelihoods. The study also examined structures and institutions that impact the direction of CBT development at Twyfelfontein Uibasen Conservancy. Both qualitative and quantitative methods were employed for data gathering. A survey was undertaken by means of 67 structured questionnaires among local community members and key stakeholders, which resulted in a 100% return rate. Five in-depth interviews with stakeholders from government, NGOs, the private sector and financiers were also conducted. The findings reveal that local community measure development in line with socio-economic issues since 39% strongly disagreed that their needs are being met through CBT project implementation. They feel that the infrastructure for tourist is well developed for international standards, whilst conversely, community members live in squatter camps, burn candles and live in squalid conditions. Whilst the Namibian government has recognised tourism as a potential means of poverty alleviation, issues of ownership of cultural heritage resources are still not yet in the hands of locals. The study argues that tourism development has been pursued more for economic purposes than for sustainable tourism development. Whilst the conservancies were set up as a strategy for poverty alleviation, the study concludes that development has not yet filtered down to the needy. Therefore, perceptions among the local community are negative towards CBT as a vehicle for socio-cultural and economic development. This study recommends that in order for CBT development to be meaningful, local participation through ownership, capacity building and control should have precedence over pure economic issues. Currently, the biggest beneficiaries seem to be the private tourism sector and, to some degree, foreign investors. Further research should be conducted to evaluate the impact of community perceptions on the tourist in the long - run, since tourist arrival figures continue to increase at Twyfelfontein.
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Mushunje, Fungai. "Participation and economic empowerment of the youth in resettlement areas in Zimbabwe: the case of the agricultural sector in Mutare district." Thesis, University of Fort Hare, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10353/1568.

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This study sought to probe the exclusion of young people from the land distribution process and therefore, overlooking their economic empowerment and development. The focus was on economic empowerment of the youth to participate meaningfully or undertake agricultural initiatives in the resettlement areas of Mutare district in Zimbabwe; youths’ ownership and control of economic assets. The data was gathered using a case study research design with the qualitative method being the main research approach.
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Muwunga-Zake, Oliva Jullian. "A Mobile social networking framework to create a virtual community of practice in aid of rural small , medium and macro-sized enterprise support and development." Thesis, University of Fort Hare, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10353/5785.

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Rural community media are identified as a critical component of the rural community communication process. These SMMEs are however struggling to achieve sustainability and operate effectively due to the various challenges and constraints impacting them. This study seeks to address this by developing a Rural Community Media Mobile Social Networking Framework that will create a virtual community of practice for the purposes of support of rural entrepreneurs in small, medium and macro enterprises (SMMES) in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa. The author has specifically scoped this research to focus on Rural Community Media as a specialised subsegment of entrepreneurs operating in rural areas. The reasons for this decision were in part due to the effect and impact of community media on socio-economic development due to the role they play in enabling access to information and knowledge and giving a voice to poor and isolated communities The study proposes that provision of access to relevant information and knowledge via a mobile social networking framework would assist in cutting implementation costs through utilisation of a platform that is already there (known as rural community media). This study is scoped to focus specifically on rural community media with fieldwork conducted in the province of the Eastern Cape, South Africa. In summary the Research Methodology applied is as follows: - Research Philosophy: The interpretive research philosophy was chosen for this study - Research Design: This study will apply qualitative design - Research Approach: The case study approach will be used in the study - Data Collection Techniques: Source data will be comprised of primary and secondary data. Primary data will be collected through implementation of a questionnaire and expert reviews, while the secondary data will be collected through literature review. Hermeneutics will be used as the data collection technique in this study. - Data analysis: Cross-case data analysis will be applied Key findings included that rural community media already utilise mobile technology and social media/networking to conduct business. Rural community media required access to information and knowledge pertaining to internal business process, funding, governance, training and access to skilled resources. Mobile social networking is identified as a suitable vehicle for delivery. A Rural Community Media Social Networking Framework was developed as a result of this study. Framework elements were supported, and in some cases modified, by case study findings and expert review feedback.
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Lu, Zhiyan, and 卢智妍. "Community capacity building for sustainability : case studies of Guangdong China." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10722/194568.

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Academic studies tend to focus on environmental and economics aspects in achieving sustainability. This paper emphasizes the social sustainability aspect from the angle of building community capacity. Community capacity can be viewed as readiness for empowerment, a prerequisite condition for greater social equity and social justice leading to inter- and intra-generation equity. A community capacity building framework is derived from the existing literatures to guide the analysis of four communities to assess the current status of the community capacity in Guangdong by conducting interviews and survey. It is found that the community capacity is relatively low and residents are lack of proactivity in contributing to community development if they are living in a comfort neighborhood; more professional social workers are needed to support capacity building.
published_or_final_version
Environmental Management
Master
Master of Science in Environmental Management
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Books on the topic "Economic aspects of Community development"

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S, Sherraden Margaret, and Ninacs William A, eds. Community economic development and social work. New York: Haworth Press, 1998.

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Helgath, Sheila F. Community fisheries development. Juneau, Alaska (P.O. Box V, Juneau 99811): Senate Advisory Council, Alaska Legislature, 1989.

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Community indicators. Chicago (122 S. Michigan Ave., Suite 1600, Chicago 60603): American Planning Association, 2003.

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Chant, Sylvia H. Gender aspects of urban economic growth and development. Helsinki, Finland: UNU World Institute for Development Economics Research, 1997.

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Zalent, Kim Louise. Economic home cookin': An action guide for congregations on community economic development. 2nd ed. Chicago, IL: Community Workshop on Economic Development, 1988.

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Alperson, Myra. Building the corporate community economic development team. New York, NY: Conference Board, 1998.

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International, Forum on Community Economic Development (1992 Toronto Ont ). International Forum on Community Economic Development: Proceedings, February 12-14, Prince Hotel, Toronto. Toronto, Ont: Queen's Printer for Ontario, 1992.

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Cool Community Colleges: Creative approaches to economic development. Washington, D.C: Community College Press, 2006.

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American Association of Community Colleges. Commission on Small/Rural Community Colleges., ed. Economic development practices among small/rural community colleges. Washington, DC: American Association of Community Colleges, Commission on Small/Rural Community Colleges, 1993.

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J, Usher Peter, ed. From the roots up: Economic development as if community mattered. Croton-on-Hudson, N.Y: Bootstrap Press, 1986.

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Book chapters on the topic "Economic aspects of Community development"

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Hannesson, Lárus Ástmar. "The event community: the Icelandic Equestrian Association." In Humans, horses and events management, 22–25. Wallingford: CABI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789242751.0022.

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Abstract This chapter discusses the history and activities of the Icelandic Equestrian Association (IEA) and offers information on Landsmót hestamanna (national equestrian championships), the cornerstone of IEA. The economics of the event, the qualification and selection of horses and riders to compete at Landsmót, the development of event venues and facilities, the importance of Landsmót in the Icelandic equestrian community, and the community and social aspects of Landsmót are discussed.
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Pambudi, Andi Setyo, and Trikurnianti Kusumanto. "Water Resources Governance in Indonesia Towards Environmental Sustainability Along with Social and Economic Development." In Environment & Policy, 289–311. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-15904-6_16.

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AbstractIndonesia’s water resources governance aims at delivering the basic needs of a growing population whilst being constrained by ecosystems’ carrying capacity. The main causes of regulatory overlaps and prevalent “silo mentality” in water governance are sought by analysing laws, regulations, and policies. Over time, water resources governance has aimed to address food, water, and energy needs through infrastructural approaches, forest and land rehabilitation, and community participation. It is anchored in the river basin territory and watershed concepts. Public decision-making, however, puts anthropogenic considerations at its core rather than hydrological aspects, leading to misfits between institutions and ecosystem functioning. Ineffective legal instruments and policies are essentially due to institutional constraints. A synthesis of the three major water regulations—Government Regulation 37/2012 concerning Watershed Management, Law 17/2019 concerning Water Resources, and Government Regulation 26/2008 concerning National Spatial Plan—reveals little ownership of watershed management with regional/local governments since responsibilities are delegated by the central government to a technical agency; limited focus on green water (social and ecological) governance approaches compared with blue water (hard infrastructural) ones; and weak law enforcement and formulation of strategies for maintaining ecosystem functioning. Our recommendations include an ecoregional water governance with a thoroughly designed performance and target indicators; continuation of development plans built on previous plans and outcomes; continuity in water resources monitoring and evaluation; society-wide participation; and synchronisation of regulatory processes of all administrative levels led by the President in collaboration with Parliament using “carrot and stick” modes.
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Phillips, Rhonda. "Community Economic Development." In Encyclopedia of Quality of Life and Well-Being Research, 1052–53. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-0753-5_460.

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Fasenfest, David. "Local Economic Policy Formation: Setting An Agenda For Development Research." In Community Economic Development, 3–13. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-12495-4_1.

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MacFarlane, Richard. "Community Based Economic Development: The British Experience." In Community Economic Development, 173–87. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-12495-4_10.

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Vogel, Ron, and Bert Swanson. "The Dialogical Community and Economic Development." In Community Economic Development, 188–204. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-12495-4_11.

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Brown, Jim. "Third Sector Enterprises in the United Kingdom and Australia." In Community Economic Development, 205–21. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-12495-4_12.

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Wolman, Harold. "Cross-National Comparisons of Urban Economic Programmes: Is Policy Transfer Possible?" In Community Economic Development, 14–42. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-12495-4_2.

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Cox, Kevin. "The Concept of Local Economic Development Policy: Some Fundamental Questions." In Community Economic Development, 45–64. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-12495-4_3.

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Amin, Ash, and John Tomaney. "Turning the Tide? The Impact of Urban and Regional Regeneration Initiatives in North East England." In Community Economic Development, 65–89. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-12495-4_4.

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Conference papers on the topic "Economic aspects of Community development"

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Sutanto, Adi, Wahyu Widodo, Imbang Dwi Rahayu, and Apriliana Devi Anggraini. "Technical and Economic Aspects on the Use of Herbal Medicine to Improve the Income of Broiler Poultry as Determining Success of Broiler Business." In International Conference on Community Development (ICCD 2020). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.201017.005.

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Usenko, Lyudmila N., Victoriya A. Guzey, and Natalia M. Usenko. "Methodological aspects of the analysis of sustainable development of organizations." In Sustainable and Innovative Development in the Global Digital Age. Dela Press Publishing House, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.56199/dpcsebm.bwwx6441.

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In modern conditions there is an accumulation of issues in the field of achieving sustainable development that require resolution. Along with economic, environmental and social issues, there is now a need to resolve the problems of development of economic actors of institutional and informational nature. In the course of the study, the issues that need to be resolved in all components of sustainable development were identified. In addition, the set of external and internal conditions of development of Russian enterprises, with regard to the economic, social, environmental institutional and informational components of sustainable development were highlighted. It should be noted that the achievement of a high level of sustainable development of companies requires the resolution of issues arising in relation to all components. It is impossible to selectively focus on solving some existing problems, because only a comprehensive approach to solving the issues of achieving a high level of sustainable development is able to fully realize the development needs not only of business structures, but also of the business community as a whole.
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MALIENE, Vida, and Ruta DICIUNAITE-RAUKTIENE. "FACTORS INFLUENCING CITIES PEDESTRIAN STREET FUNCTIONALITY AND SUSTAINABLE LAND USE." In Rural Development 2015. Aleksandras Stulginskis University, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.15544/rd.2015.052.

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The public space encourages social exchange, develops and maintains social groups and allows the exchange of public messages. When the public space and public life are not supported in the community, there is no one to communicate with, people become isolated, less inclined to help or support each other. Public space is the scene of public life that promotes a sense of community, sense of place, human connection and communication as well as dependence sensation. High-quality and well-managed public space is a benefit to the city's economy, creating shelter from the car-centred life and move to a more natural environment as well as significant urban land use. Therefore, in recent times, in order to establish the right conditions in cities for different human needs, great attention is paid not only to the development of physical infrastructure, but also to other aspects that will help to create sustainable balance of social, economic and environmental aspects. One of the quality of life in the city return ways is the release of urban spaces for pedestrians. Until these days the pedestrian zones are extended little by little, resulting in disposal of the car parking-lots and improved cycling and other transport facilities. Sustainable use of urban pedestrian zones would provide economic, social, environmental and cultural benefits only if these aspects are combined with each other. The aim of the article is to distinguish and critically analyse (on the basis of a literature review) factors influencing the functionality and sustainable development of pedestrian streets. Article object – cities pedestrian street. The study was conducted using scientific publishing content analysis and synthesis techniques. This article is an overview.
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Orellana-Alvear, Boris, Juan Hidalgo, Alfredo Ordoñez, and Esteban Zalamea. "Mangrove infrastructure for the economic development of local communities in Naranjal - Ecuador." In 13th International Conference on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics (AHFE 2022). AHFE International, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1002365.

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Mangrove ecosystems are of significant environmental and economic importance. Large populations worldwide depend on mangroves for their resources and food supply. Following mangrove data of 1997, Ecuador had an area of 2,469 km² of mangroves. This area has suffered some reductions due to farming, industrial activities, and urbanization in recent years. At the same time, local communities depend on the collection and commercialization of mangrove products as their primary income source. Infrastructure projected in mangrove areas needs a remarkable treatment with a holistic approach to consider technological, social, environmental, and economic aspects. The project will focus on the community 6 de Julio of the zone of Naranjal-Ecuador. One of the primary income sources of this community is the collection and commercialization of the mangrove crab, which is collected at the nearby mangrove areas authorized by the Ministry of Environment, for which the community needs to abide by the regulations and closure periods to guarantee the sustainability of the activity. The primary research's objective is to study the best infrastructure options to help with the crab collection activity. So, it is safer and cleaner and aims to diversify activities such as touristic or educational that can become an alternative income source during the closure periods and reduce the dependence on the crab collection.
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RIVERA, Maria, Alina SEEBACHER, and José Maria DIAZ PUENTE. "RURAL ECONOMY: A GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION OF SCIENTIFIC DISCOURSE." In Rural Development 2015. Aleksandras Stulginskis University, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.15544/rd.2015.083.

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In the political system and in public perception, the well-functioning of economy is frequently equalled to the output of the national economy–that is, the Gross Domestic Product (GDP). However, during the last decades, this narrow conception of economic prosperity started to erode. This paper describes the scientific discussion surrounding the topic of “economy” in rural places, with the objective of exploring who is setting the agenda and which themes are prevalent. We examine 102 journal papers published during the last decade and design a methodological frame based on Nvivo10 software which combines quantitative analysis of geographical attributes (geographical location; journal’s precedence; author’s institution) and qualitative content analysis of the selected articles. Our results put forward that “rural economy” is conceptually linked to different societal spheres in areas such as development and progress, society and community, resources and sustainability. However, it is authors coming from developed countries the ones that mainly treat this issue and base their studies mainly on developing countries. Therefore it can be concluded that scientific discourse around rural economy deals with issues of interest to developed countries, but that it has, however, started to get linked to social and environmental aspects, and it is through achieving a balance between them that rural prosperity will be achieved.
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ZIELIŃSKA-SZCZEPKOWSKA, Joanna, Izabela ZABIELSKA, and Roman KISIEL. "SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC DETERMINANTS OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF GROUPS OF AGRICULTURAL PRODUCERS IN POLAND." In RURAL DEVELOPMENT. Aleksandras Stulginskis University, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.15544/rd.2017.053.

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The aim of the article was to characterize the aspects of social and economic conditions and circumstances for the establishment and operation of groups of agricultural producers in Poland. The discussion is theoretical. In the article the monographic method was used. The following issues were subsequently examined: the nature and status of groups of producers in Poland, the social capital of farmers, advantages and obstacles in the cooperation of agricultural farmers and financial aid opportunities under the Rural Development Programmes for 2007–2013 and 2014–2020. As the example, the model of agricultural producer groups functioning in Poland was described. The results of the consideration has broad spectrum. It follows from the analysis conducted that the reasons for creating groups of producers are economic benefits related to production on a higher scale and to achievement of synergies through acting together. They also include EU financial aid opportunities. The benefits are also of a social character and are related, among others, to farmers learning how to act together as well as to increased trust in cooperation. In spite of numerous benefits that may arise from acting together, there are also certain obstacles related to the level of knowledge or educational background of farmers, typical responses to change or lack of trust between organisation members. This is often an effect of negative past experiences connected with overall socialisation that affects post-communist nations.
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Proskina, Liga, Dace Kaufmane, Liga Paula, Kaspars Naglis-Liepa, and Sintija Ozolniece. "Policy measures to support local food systems." In 23rd International Scientific Conference. “Economic Science for Rural Development 2022”. Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies. Faculty of Economics and Social Development, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.22616/esrd.2022.56.023.

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Enterprises engaged in food production are one of the focuses of the European Green Deal, as the implementation of its objectives will make impacts on agriculture, which is one of the most important industries supplying raw materials to food producers, as well as on energy and transport. Previous research studies have emphasized that processes within the local food system (LFS) occur over a relatively short geographical distance, thereby creating a number of economic advantages as well as making a significant impact on the community economy. In other words, this diversifies the rural economy, makes enterprises more economically independent, develops local potential and contributes to the image of the area. Most of the food produced in Latvia was sold in the domestic market, and only approximately a third of the food output was exported over the last decade. The expansion of the domestic market is therefore very important for local producers. Food production is spread throughout the country, and both home producers and rural small and medium enterprises producing food participate in the market, which contributes particularly to the socio-economic viability of the population living in rural communities. As a result, local food systems emerge, which is a complex phenomenon, as it involves more than just economic aspects. Food production, distribution and waste management are indirectly affected by several public policies, as the food production begins with the exploitation of primary production resources linked to the environment and ends with the development of cultural services, including the preservation of traditions and values. Accordingly, it might be argued that an LFS represents a very complex and diverse set of actors and their interrelationships, which is constrained by specific social, cultural, economic and institutional frameworks, and therefore the research aims to give insight into the public policy dimension in food systems and, based on the research findings, identify key problems and develop recommendations for the development of food systems in Latvia.
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Soyu, Esra, Serdar Altınok, and Emine Fırat. "Influence of R&D and Innovation on Development in Emerging Markets." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c07.01756.

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The concept of development has been interpreted in different ways from past to present. This concept was discussed previously on economic, social and cultural aspects; but now it has transformed into concepts like human capital, education, health, innovation, technological development and poverty. A country needs producing for development, and it is necessary to increase efficiency for obtaining profits from this production. At this point the inclination to R&D and innovation is increasing. Today, it is experiencing the transition of a new era. This process can be distinguished by technological change resulted from knowledge creation, innovation and R&D. In addition to the production factors, knowledge and technology have become indispensable where the importance is increasing. R&D and innovation are seen as factors which are increasing economic growth, prosperity and quality of life and which provide competitiveness and productivity growth between countries. In this study, R&D and innovation activities are evaluated and their importance are highlighted in the issue of development for emerging markets. The increasing R&D and innovation projects provided that resources are using more effectively and efficiently by contributing to the development of emerging markets. The purpose of this study is to determine the impact of R&D and innovation on development by considering sample emerging markets economies and to make the attention of the scientific community focus on these issues.
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Trúchliková, Mária, and Jakub Lukáč. "Sustainability of family businesses during a pandemic COVID-19." In Sustainable Business Development Perspectives 2022. Brno: Masaryk University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5817/cz.muni.p280-0197-2022-25.

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Family business is the most ubiquitous form of business organization in any world economy. Behavior of family businesses is to some extent different than other types of business. The key problem and factor of family businesses is sustainability. Family businesses have many specific features -family firms tend to be more stable, accountable, and trustable on the one hand, but on the other hand, they must combine private and business life and deal with succession issues. Research on the sustainability of family businesses is relatively new, and there are three aspects - sustainability in this type of business has been defined as those concerns related to continuity, perseverance, the second aspect includes actions related to the transparency and values of the company, internal audits, respect for the environment, relationships with both suppliers and customers or consumers, and interaction with the community, all focused on strengthening the viability of the company and the third view focuses on financial stability and sustainable financial performance. We focused on three models – Altman Z-score, IN05 and Binkert´s model a analysed period before and after outbreak COVID-19 pandemic. We monitored how COVID-19 pandemic influenced financial stability of family businesses in selected sector – construction.
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Romić, Danijela, and Jelena Dujmović Bocka. "STRENGTHENING THE ACTIVITIES OF YOUTH ASSOCIATIONS IN THE EUROPEAN ENVIRONMENT: CERTAIN LEGAL AND SOCIAL MATTERS." In The recovery of the EU and strengthening the ability to respond to new challenges – legal and economic aspects. Faculty of Law, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.25234/eclic/22438.

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In the previous ten years in the EU, the youth have become one of the priority groups that is being strengthened for more intensive involvement in the life and development of society. Research has shown that the youth are quite uninterested in getting involved in political and social activities that contribute to the development of the community and society. The still current pandemic caused by Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) has further “pushed” the youth into the virtual world because they are now forced to conduct their daily activities (for example, schooling, additional education) in an online environment. The youth, otherwise avid fans of technological achievements, are now trapped in their homes with computers, smartphones and other technological aids, thus losing direct contact with their peers and adults, remaining deprived of some of the socializing effects of the teaching process and are at risk of complete alienation. EU Youth Strategy 2019-2027 addresses youth organizations, as one of the key actors that strengthen the competencies of the youth and promote their social inclusion. Youth associations and associations for the youth, in addition to providing various services and programs for the youth, strengthen empathy among the youth, raise awareness of the youth on the needs of society and, through the development of additional competencies, empower them to actively participate in community life. This paper presents the results of the part of the research created within the Youth Activation Network project. The research was conducted using the focus group method, where the respondents were representatives of youth associations and associations for the youth from entire Croatia. Research questions were focused on trying to identify and differentiate youth associations and associations for the youth from other associations, ways to activate and involve the youth in the work of associations, and assess the current legal framework of associations. The results obtained from the implementation of focus groups were transcribed, processed in Dedoose computer program and presented in the paper according to main research issues. For results analysis, content analysis method was used, as well as comparison method and contrast method. The results of the research show that it is necessary to legally define work with the youth so that it can be used as one of the distinguishing criteria of youth associations and associations for the youth. Associations involve the youth as volunteers, users and service providers, and empower and motivate them to further engage in social activities. The biggest problems pointed out by the representatives of associations are related to the ways of financing the work of the associations. Although some respondents pointed out certain shortcomings, research results indicate that the existing legal framework for the work of the associations is satisfactory, while its amendments could further complicate the work of youth associations. The revocation of the complex consequences of the pandemic requires the active involvement of all factors in society, where active and engaged, socially responsible and empathetic youth can be the bearers of change and improvement.
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Reports on the topic "Economic aspects of Community development"

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COLEY/FORREST INC DENVER CO. Kimball, Nebraska: Economic and Community Development Plan. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, May 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada269395.

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Mokgware, Pius D. Southern African Development Community (SADC): Towards Economic Integration. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, January 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada404763.

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McCall, Jamie. Community Development in the Southeast: Regional Economic Indicators. Carolina Small Business Development Fund, June 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.46712/comm.dev.se.

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Haider, Huma. Mainstreaming Institutional Resilience and Systems Strengthening in Donor Policies and Programming. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), June 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2021.101.

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This rapid review synthesises evidence on key aspects of mainstreaming institutional resilience and systems strengthening in donor policies and programming in FCAS (Fragile and Conflict-affect States) contexts, particularly in nutrition (food security), health, WASH and the economic sector. Institutional resilience is the ability of a social system (society, community, organisation) to absorb and recover from external shocks, while positively adapting and transforming to address long-term changes and uncertainty. Investing in strong, well-functioning and adaptable social systems, such as health, education and social protection systems, can build resilience, as this help to cushion the negative economic and social effects of crises. While development actors have established guidance on how institutions can be made more effective, inclusive and accountable, there is much less literature on institutional resilience and how development actors can help to foster it. Much of the literature notes a lack of systematic evidence on applying the concept of resilience. These gaps extend to a dearth of guidance on how development actors can mainstream institutional resilience and systems strengthening into their policies and programmes. This rapid review draws on common factors discussed in the literature that are considered important to the strengthening of resilience and particular systems. These may, in turn, provide an indication of ways in which to mainstream institutional resilience and systems strengthening into development policy and programming
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Lantz, E., and S. Tegen. Economic Development Impacts of Community Wind Projects. A Review and Empirical Evaluation. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), April 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1219190.

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Kewley, Lauren, and Daniel Evans. A Network Analysis of the Economic Development Community of Ethiopia Part 2. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, October 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada567580.

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Campling, Liam. Fisheries Aspects of ACP-EU Interim Economic Partnership Agreements: Trade and Sustainable Development Implications. Geneva, Switzerland: International Centre for Trade and Sustainable Development, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.7215/nr_ip_20081013.

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Fowler, T. K., E. Greenspan, and J. P. Holdren. Code development incorporating environmental, safety and economic aspects of fusion reactors; Annual progress report. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/140924.

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Ho, S., T. Fowler, and J. Holdren. Code development incorporating environmental, safety, and economic aspects of fusion reactors (FY 89--91). Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), November 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6087992.

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Bano, Masooda. International Push for SBMCs and the Problem of Isomorphic Mimicry: Evidence from Nigeria. Research on Improving Systems of Education (RISE), July 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.35489/bsg-rise-wp_2022/102.

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Establishing School-Based Management Committees (SBMCs) is one of the most widely adopted and widely studied interventions aimed at addressing the learning crisis faced in many developing countries: giving parents and communities a certain degree of control over aspects of school management is assumed to increase school accountability and contribute to improvements in learning. Examining the case of Nigeria, which in 2005 adopted a national policy to establish SBMCs in state schools, this paper reviews the evidence available on SBMCs’ ability to mobilise communities, and the potential for this increased community participation to translate into improved learning. The paper shows that while local community participation can help improve school performance, the donor and state supported SBMCs struggle to stay active and have positive impact on school performance. Yet for ministries of education in many developing countries establishing SBMCs remains a priority intervention among the many initiatives aimed at improving education quality. The paper thus asks what makes the establishment of SBMCs a priority intervention for the Nigerian government. By presenting an analysis of the SBMC-related policy documents in Nigeria, the paper demonstrates that an intervention aimed at involving local communities and developing bottom-up approaches to identifying and designing education policies is itself entirely a product of top-down policy making, envisioned, developed, and funded almost entirely by the international development community. The entire process is reflective of isomorphic mimicry—a process whereby organisations attempt to mimic good behaviour to gain legitimacy, instead of fixing real challenges. Adopting the policy to establish SBMCs, which is heavily promoted by the international development community and does not require actual reform of the underlying political-economy challenges hindering investment in education, enables education ministries to mimic commitment to education reforms and attain the endorsement of the international community without addressing the real challenges. Like all cases of isomorphic mimicry, such policy adoption and implementation has costs: national ministries, as well as state- and district-level education authorities, end up devoting time, resources, and energy to planning, designing, and implementing an intervention for which neither the need nor the evidence of success is established. Additionally, such top-down measures prevent state agencies from identifying local opportunities for delivering the same goals more effectively and perhaps at a lower cost. The paper illustrates this with the case of the state of Kano: there is a rich indigenous culture of supporting community schools, yet, rather than learning why local communities support certain kinds of school but not state schools, and trying to replicate the lessons in state schools, the SBMC model introduced is designed by development agencies at the national level and is administratively complicated and resource-intensive. The opportunity for local learning has not been realised; instead, both the agenda and the implementation framework have been entirely shaped by international aid agencies. The paper thus demonstrates how apparently positive policy interventions resulting from pressure exerted by the international community could be having unintended consequences, given the national-level political-economy dynamics.
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