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Relevant bibliographies by topics / Economic aspects of Crash injuries

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Academic literature on the topic 'Economic aspects of Crash injuries'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Economic aspects of Crash injuries"

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Heydari, Shahram, Adrian Hickford, Rich McIlroy, Jeff Turner, and Abdulgafoor M. Bachani. "Road Safety in Low-Income Countries: State of Knowledge and Future Directions." Sustainability 11, no. 22 (November 7, 2019): 6249. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11226249.

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Road safety in low-income countries (LICs) remains a major concern. Given the expected increase in traffic exposure due to the relatively rapid motorisation of transport in LICs, it is imperative to better understand the underlying mechanisms of road safety. This in turn will allow for planning cost-effective road safety improvement programs in a timely manner. With the general aim of improving road safety in LICs, this paper discusses the state of knowledge and proposes a number of future research directions developed from literature reviews and expert elicitation. Our study takes a holistic approach based on the Safe Systems framework and the framework for the UN Decade of Action for Road Safety. We focused mostly on examining the problem from traffic engineering and safety policy standpoints, but also touched upon other sectors, including public health and social sciences. We identified ten focus areas relating to (i) under-reporting; (ii) global best practices; (iii) vulnerable groups; (iv) disabilities; (v) road crash costing; (vi) vehicle safety; (vii) proactive approaches; (viii) data challenges; (ix) social/behavioural aspects; and (x) capacity building. Based on our findings, future research ought to focus on improvement of data systems, understanding the impact of and addressing non-fatal injuries, improving estimates on the economic burden, implementation research to scale up programs and transfer learnings, as well as capacity development. Our recommendations, which relate to both empirical and methodological frontiers, would lead to noteworthy improvements in the way road safety data collection and research is conducted in the context of LICs.

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Doohan, Isabelle, Ulf Björnstig, Ulrika Östlund, and Britt-Inger Saveman. "Exploring Injury Panorama, Consequences, and Recovery among Bus Crash Survivors: A Mixed-Methods Research Study." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 32, no. 2 (January 30, 2017): 165–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x16001485.

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AbstractObjectiveThe aim of this study was to explore physical and mental consequences and injury mechanisms among bus crash survivors to identify aspects that influence recovery.MethodsThe study participants were the total population of survivors (N=56) from a bus crash in Sweden. The study had a mixed-methods design that provided quantitative and qualitative data on injuries, mental well-being, and experiences. Results from descriptive statistics and qualitative thematic analysis were interpreted and integrated in a mixed-methods analysis.ResultsAmong the survivors, 11 passengers (20%) sustained moderate to severe injuries, and the remaining 45 (80%) had minor or no physical injuries. Two-thirds of the survivors screened for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) risk were assessed, during the period of one to three months after the bus crash, as not being at-risk, and the remaining one-third were at-risk. The thematic analysis resulted in themes covering the consequences and varying aspects that affected the survivors’ recoveries. The integrated findings are in the form of four “core cases” of survivors who represent a combination of characteristics: injury severity, mental well-being, social context, and other aspects hindering and facilitating recovery. Core case Avery represents a survivor who had minor or no injuries and who demonstrated a successful mental recovery. Core case Blair represents a survivor with moderate to severe injuries who experienced a successful mental recovery. Core case Casey represents a survivor who sustained minor injuries or no injuries in the crash but who was at-risk of developing PTSD. Core case Daryl represents a survivor who was at-risk of developing PTSD and who also sustained moderate to severe injuries in the crash.ConclusionThe present study provides a multi-faceted understanding of mass-casualty incident (MCI) survivors (ie, having minor injuries does not always correspond to minimal risk for PTSD and moderate to severe injuries do not always correspond to increased risk for PTSD). Injury mitigation measures (eg, safer roadside material and anti-lacerative windows) would reduce the consequences of bus crashes. A well-educated rescue team and a compassionate and competent social environment will facilitate recovery.DoohanI,BjörnstigU,ÖstlundU,SavemanBI.Exploring injury panorama, consequences, and recovery among bus crash survivors: a mixed-methods research study.Prehosp Disaster Med.2017;32(2):165–174.

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Ivaz, Jelena, Dejan Petrović, Aleksandra Fedajev, Vitomir Milić, Saša Stojadinović, and Pavle Stojković. "Economic aspects of occupational injuries in mining." Podzemni radovi, no. 33 (2018): 41–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/podrad1833041i.

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Turner, Patricia A., and Nevine Georggi. "Analysis of Alcohol-Related Motorcycle Crashes in Florida and Recommended Countermeasures." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1779, no. 1 (January 2001): 189–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1779-25.

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Although much progress has been made in reducing alcohol-related crash fatalities involving motor vehicles, the same success has not been demonstrated with motorcycles. Because the problem associated with drinking and riding is significant in Florida, the Center for Urban Transportation Research (CUTR) conducted a comprehensive analysis of motorcycle-alcohol crashes from 1993 to 1997 to understand how and why these crashes occur. CUTR also surveyed states about alcohol programs that target motorcyclists to gather information on potential countermeasures to reduce motorcycle-alcohol injuries and deaths in Florida. The study examined human-related and physical aspects of alcohol-related motorcycle crashes over the 5-year period to help establish an identity for this crash type. Examined human-related crash aspects included age and gender, alcohol use, licensing status, and helmet usage. Physical crash aspects examined included temporal patterns—time of day, day of week, and monthly trends—and contributing factors—first harmful event, road, environmental, and human factors—that cause bodily injuries or property damage. Major study recommendations include increasing efforts to get more motorcyclists properly licensed, greater exposure of messages to motorcyclists about the dangers of drinking and riding, and focused statewide public education and information campaigns. The study concludes with five major categories of countermeasures and recommendations to address the motorcycle-alcohol problem, including public information and education campaigns, promotional activities, enforcement efforts, community-based interventions, and data-collection needs.

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Arokiasamy, John T., and R. Krishnan. "Some Epidemiological Aspects and Economic Costs of Injuries in Malaysia." Asia Pacific Journal of Public Health 7, no. 1 (January 1994): 16–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/101053959400700103.

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Injuries are one of the leading causes of death in the world. In Malaysia, injuries form one of the three main causes of mortality. They are also an important cause of permanent and temporary disability and work absenteeism in the productive age group. Increasing affluence and industrialization coupled with growing population and transportation needs in rapidly developing countries like Malaysia have resulted in a surge of road and occupational injuries. Three quarters of fatalities due to road, occupational, drowning and home injuries occur in those below 45 years of age. A majority of injuries in these categories are attributed to “human” factors and therefore can be prevented by public education and enforced training of workers. The total annual economic loss due to all types of injuries is estimated to be 2 billion Malaysian Ringgit (US$1 = MR2.76 approximately). The government is currently in the process of setting up full-time departments for road safety and occupational health and safety.

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Ghandour, Ali J., Huda Hammoud, and Samar Al-Hajj. "Analyzing Factors Associated with Fatal Road Crashes: A Machine Learning Approach." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 11 (June 9, 2020): 4111. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17114111.

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Road traffic injury accounts for a substantial human and economic burden globally. Understanding risk factors contributing to fatal injuries is of paramount importance. In this study, we proposed a model that adopts a hybrid ensemble machine learning classifier structured from sequential minimal optimization and decision trees to identify risk factors contributing to fatal road injuries. The model was constructed, trained, tested, and validated using the Lebanese Road Accidents Platform (LRAP) database of 8482 road crash incidents, with fatality occurrence as the outcome variable. A sensitivity analysis was conducted to examine the influence of multiple factors on fatality occurrence. Seven out of the nine selected independent variables were significantly associated with fatality occurrence, namely, crash type, injury severity, spatial cluster-ID, and crash time (hour). Evidence gained from the model data analysis will be adopted by policymakers and key stakeholders to gain insights into major contributing factors associated with fatal road crashes and to translate knowledge into safety programs and enhanced road policies.

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Sadeghi-Bazargani, Homayoun, Bahram Samadirad, and Hojjat Hosseinpour-Feizi. "Epidemiology of Traffic Fatalities among Motorcycle Users in East Azerbaijan, Iran." BioMed Research International 2018 (August 19, 2018): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/6971904.

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Background. The aim of this study was to determine some epidemiological aspects of motorcycle user traffic fatalities including the crash mechanisms and injury patterns in East Azerbaijan, Iran (2006-2016). Methods. A total of 1840 motorcycle user mortal cases registered in East Azerbaijan forensic medicine database, in Iran, were analyzed over the time period between March 2006 and March 2016. The distribution and associations of both victim- and crash-related variables such as crash mechanism, types of involved vehicles, types of injuries, and demographic characteristics were investigated. Data were analyzed by Stata v.13 statistical software package. Results. Of the 9435 RTI deaths, 1840 (19.5%) were motorcycle users of whom 96.5% were male (mean age of 32.3 ± 18.5 years). The majority of accident mechanisms were motorcycle-vehicle crashes (77.8%), followed by rollover (11.8%). Cars were the leading counterpart crash vehicle comprising about 34.8% of the motorcycle user mortalities. Inner city traffic injuries were the reason for 744 (40.7%) of the motorcycle user mortalities. Head trauma was the main cause of death. About 82% of the victims were motorcycle riders and the remainder were pillion passengers. A decreasing trend of fatal traffic accidents was observed over the study period for both the motorcycle user fatalities and other traffic injuries. The percentage of motorcycle mortalities over all traffic mortalities had a decreasing trend over the past nine years from March 2007 to March 2016 reaching a figure as low as 15.2% through the last year of study. Conclusions. Motorcycle traffic fatalities, although having a decreasing trend during the last decade with a better slope than most other traffic injuries, remain to be a major public health in north-west of Iran. There is a need for effective interventional programs to reduce the burden of motorcycle fatalities.

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Watson, David, Blair Benton, Elizabeth Ablah, Kelly Lightwine, Ronda Lusk, Hayrettin Okut, Thuy Bui, and James M. Haan. "Demographics and Incident Location of Traumatic Injuries at a Single Level I Trauma Center." Kansas Journal of Medicine 14 (January 21, 2021): 5–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.17161/kjm.vol1413771.

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Introduction: Traumatic injuries are preventable and understanding determinants of injury, such as socio-economic and environmental factors, is vital. This study evaluated traumatic injuries and identified areas of high trauma incidence. Methods: A retrospective review was conducted of all patients 14 years or older who were admitted with a traumatic injury to a Level I trauma center between 2016 and 2017. Descriptive analyses were presented and maps of high injury areas were generated. Results: The most frequent mechanisms of injury were falls (58.3%), motor vehicle crashes (22.3%), and motorcycle crashes (5.7%). Fall patients were more likely to be female (59.6%) and were the oldest age group (72.1 ± 17.2) compared to motor vehicle and motorcycle crash patients. Severe head (22.1%, P = 0.007) and extremity (35.7%, P = 0.001) injuries were most frequent among fall patients, however more motorcycle crash patients required mechanical ventilation (16.1%, P < 0.001) and experienced the longest intensive care unit length of stay (5.3 ± 6.8, P < 0.001) and mechanical ventilation days (6.6 ± 8.5, P < 0.036). Motorcycle crash patients also had the most number of deaths (7.5%, P < 0.001). The generated maps of all traumatic suggest that most injuries occur near our hospital and are located in several of the most population-dense zip codes. Conclusions: Falls, motor vehicle crashes, and motorcycle crashes were the most common mechanisms of injury. The use of Geographic Information System aided in the identification of high injury incidence location.

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Uhrenholt, Lars, Edith Nielsen, Annie Vesterby Charles, and Markil Gregersen. "Non-fatal injuries to the cervical spine facet joints after a fatal motor vehicle crash." Medicine, Science and the Law 49, no. 3 (July 2009): 218–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1258/rsmmsl.49.3.218.

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Kamal, Wan Noaimadudin Wan Mohamad, Nor Hayati Saad, Amir Radzi Ab Ghani, Nik Rosli Abdullah, and Khairul Izwandy Abd Jazam. "Modelling and Simulation of a Single Deck Bus Subjected to Rollover Crash Loading." Applied Mechanics and Materials 393 (September 2013): 453–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.393.453.

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Buses are the most popular and common passenger vehicle for long distance travel in Malaysia. Increased bus usage as a public transport prompts researchers to study safety aspects of the vehicles subjected to various crash incidents. The most damaging bus accident is rollover crash. The bus structures must have sufficient crashworthiness and strength in order to reduce and prevent injuries and fatalities during the rollover accident. Initially, this paper overviews the current status of rollover accidents and requirement of UN-ECE Regulation 66 which is aimed to improve the bus structure in withstanding the rollover crash. The current bus framework structure comprises galvanized square hollow sections (SHS) which are welded and bolted together. Abaqus was used to simulate responses of bus structure subjected to loadings as specified in UN-ECE Regulation 66. The results showed that the gap allowances of the residual space are complied with the UN-ECE R66 requirements. Further work to optimize the bus structure in terms of weight, structural strength and crashworthiness is proposed.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Economic aspects of Crash injuries"

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杜明德 and Beng-teck Benedict Taw. "The socio-economic impact of mild head injury in Hong Kong." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2008. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B41650840.

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Guney, Murat Kazim. "Fatal Workplace Injuries in the İstanbul Tuzla Shipyards and the Obsession with Economic Development in Turkey." Thesis, 2016. https://doi.org/10.7916/D8T43T4Q.

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This dissertation focuses on workplace accidents, a chronic problem in Turkey. I conducted my fieldwork in İstanbul’s Tuzla shipyards, where approximately 160 workers have died in work accidents since 1992. The Tuzla shipyards are both a symbol of negative working conditions and chronic work accidents in Turkey, and a site where the definitions, causes, and effects of work accidents are problematized, examined, and contested. In my research, I explore the ways in which various conflicting actors describe, identify, and explain accidents at work in relation to contested understandings, discourses, and practices of development. To be sure, the definition of accidents at work as preventable or inevitable dramatically shape the evaluation of the problem and the ways in which work accidents were acted upon or not by contesting actors. While I examine the ways that work accidents are identified I also investigate how different actors legitimized their positions in relation to contested understandings of development. The enduring nature of workplace injuries in rapidly developing Turkey has caused many activists and academics to question the contemporary obsession with development and the belief that economic growth will inevitably lead to social justice. Following these critical insights, I investigate the relationship between the prioritization of national economic growth and the persistence of workplace injuries in Turkey. Although I analyze the critiques of work accidents as critiques of the obsession with economic development, I also observed a more complicated narrative of class mobility and the aspiration for development amongst the working class themselves. The Tuzla shipyards zone is not only a uniquely dense industrial zone where workplace injuries are common, but also a unique site where a few workers have been able to quickly form their own subcontractor companies and benefit from rapid economic growth in the shipyards. Based on my ethnographic observations I argue that the dominant discourse about development also affects working classes’ aspirations and their desires to have a better life.

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Books on the topic "Economic aspects of Crash injuries"

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Hanley, Paul F. Using crash costs in safety analysis. Iowa City, Iowa: University of Iowa, Public Policy Center, 2004.

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Vachal, Kimberly J. Underride safety protection: Benefit-cost assessment of rear-impact guards for the North Dakota farm truck fleet. [Fargo, N.D.]: Upper Great Plains Transportation Institute, North Dakota State University, 2007.

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Malchose, Donald. Medical and economic cost of North Dakota motor vehicle crashes. Fargo, N.D.]: Upper Great Plains Transportation Institute, North Dakota State University, 2010.

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S, Dent Harry. The great crash of 2010. New York: Free Press, 2008.

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Bates, David S. The market for crash risk. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, 2001.

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Dauncey, Guy. After the crash: The emergence of the rainbow economy. London: Green Print, 1989.

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Music publishing 101: Crash course, made simple & easy. Miami, Fla: No Walls Production and Publishing, 2001.

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Veseth, Michael. Globaloney 2.0: The crash of 2008 and the future of globalization. 2nd ed. Lanham, Md: Rowman & Littlefield, 2009.

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Globaloney 2.0: The crash of 2008 and the future of globalization. 2nd ed. Lanham, Md: Rowman & Littlefield, 2009.

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Smith, Regina. Music publishing 101: Crash course, made simple and easy. Miami, Fla: No Walls Production and Publishing, 1999.

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Book chapters on the topic "Economic aspects of Crash injuries"

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Hossain, Eklas, and Slobodan Petrovic. "Economic Aspects of Renewable Energy." In Renewable Energy Crash Course, 105–12. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-70049-2_11.

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Robinson, Peter. "Contracts and prophets." In Poetry & Money, 166–86. Liverpool University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/liverpool/9781789622539.003.0008.

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As its title suggests, this chapter employs a contrast of prophetic and contractual models for poets’ relationships with their readers. It offers close readings of money poems by Lawrence and Kathleen Raine to exemplify aspects of a prophetic orientation, and ones by Auden and Bernard Spencer to exemplify versions of a contractual model. In doing so, it explores, with particular reference to 1930s poetry in the aftermath of the Wall Street Crash and the Great Depression, what may be involved in living within a society and an economic system, and how our compulsory and determined relationships with economic conditions may be differently challenged, shaped, and managed within the micro-economies of poetic forms.

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Peña, Samuel Olmos, Gerardo Reyes Ruiz, Marisol Hernández Hernández, and Maria Teresa Cuamatzi Peña. "Augmented Reality for Accident Analysis." In Augmented Reality for Enhanced Learning Environments, 73–105. IGI Global, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-5243-7.ch004.

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Around the world a large number of undesirable events, commonly called accidents, occur every year. These events have implications such as injuries of all kinds, fatalities (in many cases tens, hundreds, and thousands), infrastructure losses, economic losses, and negative impacts on the environment. After a detailed analysis of most of these events and the reflection about them, two aspects are obvious: the first is that they all have multiple causal factors and the second is that most are avoidable. There are many reasons why they are not avoided, but the main reason is the inability of individuals and organizations to learn from mistakes.

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Conference papers on the topic "Economic aspects of Crash injuries"

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Weaver, Ashley A., Callistus M. Nguyen, and Joel D. Stitzel. "Quantification of Sternal Morphology Across Ages and Genders Using Image Segmentation and Registration Techniques." In ASME 2012 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2012-80653.

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Thoracic injury ranks second only to head injury in motor vehicle crash injuries in terms of the number of fatalities and serious injuries, the body region most often injured, and the overall economic cost [1, 2]. Skeletal and physiological resilience are known to decline with age, resulting in a decreased ability for the body to withstand traumatic insults [3]. Adults 65 years of age and older constitute more than 12% of the current population and with increases in life expectancy, the elderly population is projected to reach nearly 20% by 2030 [4].

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Puinko, L. E. "Aspects of Digitalization of Social Insurance in the Context of Analysis of the Effectiveness of the System of Mandatory Social Insurance of Industrial Injuries in the Russian Federation in the Period from 2005 to 2018." In 2nd International Scientific and Practical Conference “Modern Management Trends and the Digital Economy: from Regional Development to Global Economic Growth” (MTDE 2020). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/aebmr.k.200502.116.

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Redkar, Sangram, Tom Sugar, Bill Dillard, and Karthik Narayanan. "Inertial Sensing of Dummy Kinematics." In ASME 2009 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2009-87051.

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Motor vehicle crashes claim over 40,000 lives and injure over two million people each year in the United States. To reduce the number of injuries and fatalities through vehicle design improvements, it is important to study occupant kinematics and related injury mechanisms during crashes. Occupant motion in crash tests is typically measured with high speed video, spatial scanning, direct field sensing, and inertial sensing. In this work, we present simulation and testing results on inertial sensing of dummy kinematics based on a novel algorithm known as Quaternion Fuzzy Logic Adaptive Signal Processing for Biomechanics (QFLASP-B). This approach uses three angular rates and three accelerations (one gyroscope-accelerometer pair about each axis) per rigid body to compute orientations (roll, pitch and yaw), positions and velocities in the inertial (fixed) reference frame. In QFLASP-B, quaternion errors and gyro biases are calculated and used in an adaptive loop to remove their effects. The Fuzzy Estimator at the core of the algorithm consists of a fuzzification process, an inference mechanism, a Rule Base and a defuzzification process. In this paper, we examine those aspects of the QFLASP-B Fuzzy Estimator critical to accurate kinematics sensing, hardware and software implementations and experimental results compared with traditional approaches.

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Miscia, Giuseppe, Vincenzo Rotondella, Andrea Baldini, Enrico Bertocchi, and Luca D’Agostino. "Aluminum Structures in Automotive: Experimental and Numerical Investigation for Advanced Crashworthiness." In ASME 2015 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2015-51724.

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Ductility of aluminum alloys is highly used in automotive applications where crashworthiness becomes relevant. Due to its physical and mechanical properties, aluminum allows structures to be designed with good capacity to absorb energy, without increasing the overall weight of cars. In particular, high elongation allows for the conversion of a great amount of kinetic energy related to crash events in plastic deformation. If this was not the case, the energy involved during an accident could interest also the occupants, causing serious injuries. During large deformation of structures, chassis components may be subjected to failure, limiting the capacity of energy absorption. Therefore, the capability to predict the behavior of structures under crash loads becomes very important during the cars design process. Under these circumstances, finite element analysis is useful to simulate the response and to validate a project. In the last few years, prediction of materials behavior has become relevant in order to simulate in the best possible way the reaction of structures under dynamic loads. Contrary to what was expected, aluminum alloy might show anisotropic behavior after manufacturing processes. Extrusion, lamination and forging processes can modify crystallography, grains shape, precipitates and dislocations structures, affecting considerably the plastic properties. Furthermore, the failure limit strictly depends on the stress-strain state in the material during the crash event. Tensile state, shear state, compressive state and mixing states generally return different failure limits. Hence, it is indispensable to arrange a huge experimental campaign to define a thorough characterization of an aluminum alloy. Finite element (FE) codes give the possibility to include all these aspects, but several parameters need to be finely tuned. By limiting the number of tests, the present work aims at obtaining the numerical-experimental correlation of some crash absorbers during an impact. Tensile and shear specimens have been cut from the extruded parts of the chassis in 0°, 45° and 90° with respect to the extrusion direction. It is possible to define a fracture locus curve that identifies the equivalent strain limit of the aluminum alloys studied. For instance, Johnson-Cook and Bao-Wierzbicki criteria for aluminum alloys have been defined starting from a complete experimental campaign. They also give approximated analytical functions to define the entire fracture locus curve depending on the stress state. Uniaxial tensile and shear failure limits are the only ones taken into account in this work. Different hypothesis have been considered to define the rest of the fracture locus. Tuning the function parameters of the chosen criteria, a failure curve for compression, shear, tensile and mixing states have been set according to the experimental tests performed. The material card obtained has been further refined during the numerical-experimental correlation of both the samples and the crash absorbers: mesh size effects have been taken into account to assess the approximations of stress and strain into shell elements. In this work, fine mesh is only used during the initial correlation of specimens. This allows for considerably reducing the computational time of FE models studied. Acceleration signals and failures have been monitored in the crash absorbers. A high correlation between the experimental and numerical tests have validated the current methodology. Because of the few experimental tests performed on samples, it is not possible to study the exact mesh scaling effects at the beginning. Further refining is needed during the correlation of the whole component to get the right failures. In any case, the error given by the experimental dispersion could compromise the correlation and this is the reason why accuracy is not always necessary during the first phases of the correlation settings.

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