Academic literature on the topic 'Economic aspects of Environmental impact analysis'
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Journal articles on the topic "Economic aspects of Environmental impact analysis"
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Folmer, Henk, and Peter Nijkamp. "METHODOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF IMPACT ANALYSIS OF REGIONAL ECONOMIC POLICY." Papers in Regional Science 57, no. 1 (2005): 165–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1435-5597.1985.tb00865.x.
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Folmer, Henk, and Peter Nijkamp. "Methodological aspects of impact analysis of regional economic policy." Papers of the Regional Science Association 57, no. 1 (1985): 165–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01935288.
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Rosignoli, Dario, Giovanni Martinola, and Martin Bäuml. "Ecological Impact and Economic Aspects of Advanced Concrete Technologies." Key Engineering Materials 302-303 (January 2006): 35–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.302-303.35.
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Reinforced concrete structures are often conceived for a certain time span of serviceability. Due to the superposition of different kinds of loads and particularly due to the presence of aggressive substances the resistance of construction materials is insufficient in numerous cases. Hence, many structures have to be repaired before the end of their designed life span. In case of reinforced concrete structures these repair measures are not only very expensive but they also consume high amounts of energy and materials which causes strong environmental impacts. The main challenge in developing reliable concrete technologies is the capability to enhance the life span of new and already repaired structures to a reasonable maximum. When aiming this objective not only durability related material properties have to be accomplished but their environmental impact has to be minimized simultaneously. This paper evaluates different concrete technologies and materials from diverse perspectives: Durability (simulating expected life span using numerical analyses), ecology (product life cycle and environmental impact assessments) and economy (estimating life cycle costs by investment appraisals). This kind of combined analysis facilitates the efficient design of structural elements and repair measures and provides the possibility to significantly increase the life span of new and repaired concrete structures.
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Tosovic, Radule. "EXPERT ECONOMIC EVALUATION OF MINERAL RESOURCES IN THE FUNCTION OF ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION." International Journal of Research -GRANTHAALAYAH 4, no. 5 (2016): 106–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.29121/granthaalayah.v4.i5.2016.2686.
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The successful operation of the mineral sector in modern business conditions, labeled by transition crossing to a market mineral economy and establishing market conditions for the production and trade of mineral raw materials, requires the development of expert economic evaluations of mineral reserves and resources. This evaluation basically represents an expert analysis, which includes four important aspects, namely: geological, mining, economical and environmental. The ecological aspect is related to the previous geoecological analysis of the impact of various phases of the conquest of mineral deposits on the environment, by identifying types of impacts, character of influences, prevention of pollution measures, measures to eliminate the impact and recultivation. Expert economic evaluation is to quantify environmental costs, analyzing their share in the total costs and impact on the economic viability of valorization of mineral raw materials from the mineral deposits.
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Tagliaferri, Vincenzo, Federica Trovalusci, Stefano Guarino, and Simone Venettacci. "Environmental and Economic Analysis of FDM, SLS and MJF Additive Manufacturing Technologies." Materials 12, no. 24 (2019): 4161. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma12244161.
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In this study, the authors present a comparative analysis of different additive manufacturing (AM) technologies for high-performance components. Four 3D printers, currently available on the Italian national manufacturing market and belonging to three different AM technologies, were considered. The analysis focused on technical aspects to highlight the characteristics and performance limits of each technology, economic aspects to allow for an assessment of the costs associated with the different processes, and environmental aspects to focus on the impact of the production cycles associated with these technologies on the ecosystem, resources and human health. This study highlighted the current limits of additive manufacturing technologies in terms of production capacity in the case of large-scale production of plastic components, especially large ones. At the same time, this study highlights how the geometry of the object to be developed greatly influences the optimal choice between the various AM technologies, in both technological and economic terms. Fused deposition modeling (FDM) is the technology that exhibits the greatest limitations hindering mass production due to production times and costs, but also due to the associated environmental impact.
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Azlan, Mohd Azwir, Andy Anak Buja, Sia Chee Kiong, Nik Hisyamudin Muhd Nor, and Jalil Azlis-Sani. "Decision Making of Screw Manufacturing for the Best Environmental and Economic Combination by Using AHP." Applied Mechanics and Materials 465-466 (December 2013): 1065–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.465-466.1065.
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This study is an approach to investigate the viable impacts of screw manufacturing. At the same time, choose the suitable material and selected manufacturing process of screw by considering environmental aspects without sacrificing the economic aspect. It is important to the organisation to improve the environmental aspect. Therefore in this study, the decision making was focused on economic aspects to produce the synergy results between economic and environmental impact. The parameters involved were types of material and manufacturing process of screw which using the available data of environmental and production volume. The two different manufacturing approaches being evaluated were machining and forging process. The types of material concerned for forging process encompassed low carbon steel, alloy steel stainless steel, and aluminium alloy. On the other hand, for machining process, the material being considered in screw manufacturing were cast iron, low carbon steel, alloy steel, stainless steel and aluminium alloy. The information of environmental impacts that generated from SolidWorks Sustainability tool and screw production cost were calculate using Manufacturing cost model, both information was used in Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) analysis to obtain local priority of economic and environmental impacts. Then, the ranking of both global and local priorities from economic impact and environmental impacts had enabled the determination of appropriate material used for those selected screw manufacturing process. As result, low carbon steel was chosen for forging process whereas cast iron was excelled in machining process, at the same time, stainless steel was not suggested to be used in both two processes.
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Suvorova, Arina. "Environmental sustainability and economic development in Russian regions: spatial analysis." E3S Web of Conferences 258 (2021): 08002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202125808002.
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Environmental degradation and increasing risks to regional eco-systems seriously impede the progress towards sustainable development goals. This study is aimed at investigating the spatial aspect of this problem by focusing on the case of Russia, in particular the environmental aspects of the country's spatial organization. Methodologically, the study relies on spatial analysis methods (spatial modelling and mapping) and the official statistical data. As a result, we have identified heavily polluted locations that jeopardize sustainable development efforts on the national level: as these locations are situated in close proximity to each other and share a strong spatial correlation, their combined impact far exceeds that of isolated territories. It was found that Siberia is the largest zone of concentration of air pollution hotspots, where high levels of air pollution are not compensated for by these regions’ outstanding economic performance. Our findings have shown that the patterns of the country's economic and environmental spatial organization do not always coincide. In other words, the regions with booming economies are not always the same regions whose manufacturing sector puts the heaviest pressure on the environment. This can point to the fact that the link between economic activities and environmental pressures is now weakening.
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Bacenetti, Jacopo. "Economic and Environmental Impact Assessment of Renewable Energy from Biomass." Sustainability 12, no. 14 (2020): 5619. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12145619.
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For a holistic evaluation of sustainability, the economic and environmental aspects should be considered jointly to avoid trade-offs between the two dimensions. In this manuscript, the themes addressed, and the approaches used in this Special Issue “Economic and Environmental Impact Assessment of Renewable Energy from Biomass” to investigate the sustainability are summarized. Different approaches such as Energy Analysis, Life Cycle Assessment, technical and economic evaluation of key processes are applied to different renewable energy pathways (biogas, wood biomass, by-product valorization, etc.). The different manuscripts accepted in this Special Issue increases our comprehension and understanding of the relation between economic and environmental performances of renewable energy from biomass.
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Zygmunt, Marcin, and Marcin Piczulski. "Economic, environmental and social aspects of buildings’ refurbishment – a case study." Przegląd Naukowy Inżynieria i Kształtowanie Środowiska 27, no. 4 (2019): 567–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.22630/pniks.2018.27.4.52.
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The aim of the article is to presents the results of calculations regarding the: economic – based on the life cycle costing (LCC) approach, environmental – based on the life cycle assessment (LCA) approach and social aspects of modeled refurbishment of residential and non-residential stock of buildings. Particular emphasis was placed on the impact of energy efficiency of the modeled buildings on environmental aspects and the selection of renewable and non-renewable energy sources. The article presents an analysis of an area of energy cluster in terms of environmental aspects and a detailed analysis of an offi ce building using advanced energy simulations. The calculations for energy cluster was made using Polish energy certifi cate methodology (monthly calculations) while analysis of an office building was performed using dynamic hourly simulations with use of Energy Plus software. Performed analysis results in reaching energy efficiency scenarios for both cases according to meeting sustain development idea.
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Kataeva, Natalia, Alexey Sysolyatin, Oksana Feoktistova, and Darya Starkova. "The concept of sustainable development environmental aspects and project approach." E3S Web of Conferences 244 (2021): 11027. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202124411027.
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This article analyzes the environmental aspects of sustainable regional and macroeconomic development, as well as the impact of environmental factors and national environmental projects. The essence of the concept of sustainable development of economic entities in a broad sense is to ensure stable growth of indicators in the environmental, social and economic spheres in the long term. Based on the analysis of the list of indicators of sustainable development, the increasing role of the environmental component is shown. We have identified particularly acute environmental problems that hinder effective sustainable development both at the micro-level (of the organization) and at the macro-level in the whole country and the global community. Based on the calculation of the nature protection, socio-ecological and industrial-ecological indices, the consolidated environmental rating and the place of the Kirov region is determined in it. The analysis of the results of research and the opinions of the World Economic Forum experts on the problems of global threats showed the timeliness and relevance of the national project “Ecology” being implemented in Russia, as well as measures of environmental support and planned environmental projects in the Kirov region. The implementation of the planned measures will activate the catalysts of sustainable development and reduce the risks of negative impact on the environment.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Economic aspects of Environmental impact analysis"
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Duncan, Scott Joseph. "A mass and energy data collection system to support environmental and economic assessment of a coating line in carpet manufacturing." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/17330.
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林景光 and King-kong Lam. "Environmental impact assessment: impact on land-use & infrastructure design." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1997. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31980211.
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Kerr, Muriel Ann. "Programs of socio-economic impact management : the Norman Wells project." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/25426.
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Social and economic impacts are often by-products of large scale resource development projects. These socio-economic impacts have become an important component of assessment and review processes during the 1970's and are beginning to attract attention as an issue within impact management. Effective measures of socio-economic impact management are being sought by industry, government and communities who wish to mitigate or avoid negative impacts and/or to enhance potential positive impacts of development.
The Norman Wells Oilfield Expansion and Pipeline Project, approved by the Federal Cabinet on July 30, 1981 was formally assessed as having potentially significant socio-economic impacts. The Federal Government therefore created a number of measures that constituted a socio-economic impact management plan. One of these measures was a benefits package of $21.4 million "to ensure that the training objectives, jobs and business opportunities which we have insisted be part of this project are real and meaningful." The federal government's "coordination approach" to management associated with the Norman Wells Project has been vetted as a model for the management of future development projects. The subject of this thesis is the implementation of two of the impact funding programs within this benefits package. The thesis purpose is to assess the effectiveness of these impact funding initiatives as programs of socio-economic impact management.
The descriptions of the two initiatives chosen for this analysis indicate that their general purpose was to involve the Dene Nation and the Metis Association of the Northwest Territories in the initiation of programs of community and social development and of planning support and monitoring for the communities of the Mackenzie Valley. These two programs are the subject of some debate between federal government representatives and representatives of the two native organizations involved in the Norman Wells Project. The key parties-at-interest disagree over the effectiveness of the two initiatives as instruments of socio-economic impact management for the Norman Wells Project.
In preparation for the actual analysis of these programs, I first developed a process model for socio-economic impact management. This process model provides the framework within which programs of socio-economic impact management are located. Next, I examined the relationship between the socio-economic issues and anticipated problems identified during the Norman Well's Project review processes and the impact fund initiatives under study. This was achieved through a content analysis of documents produced by the Norman Wells Environmental Assessment and Review Panel (E.A.R.P.) and the National Energy Board. I then examined in full the implementation of the initiatives. This was accomplished through a review of documentation and interviews with the relevant actors associated with the two study impact funding programs. My assessment of the effectiveness of the two study initiatives as programs of socio-economic management is based on a comparison of the implementation of these programs to a set of criteria that reflect the basic requirements of programs of impact management.
The two study initiatives failed to satisfy all but the program effectiveness criteria that required a relationship with the public review process concerns. The thesis conclusion, therefore, is that as programs of socio-economic impact management for the Norman Wells Project, the two study initiatives have not been effective. I discuss the basis of this conclusion and propose three recommendations toward the planning for future programs of socio-economic impact management.
This thesis contributes to the assessment of the impact management efforts associated with the overall approach to management of the Norman Wells Project. It should be useful for parties involved in the determination of impact management programs in future development projects. This analysis will aid in the planning of effective procedures to reduce negative impacts, thus serving the interests of both those affected directly, and the nation at large.Applied Science, Faculty of
Community and Regional Planning (SCARP), School of
Graduate
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Jennings, Patricia Jean. "An assessment of the formulation of permit conditions associated with environmental authorisations and implications for compliance monitoring." Thesis, University of Fort Hare, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10353/437.
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Environmental impact assessment is a widely accepted planning tool used in environmental management. Internationally it has been adopted as a formal permitting requirement for development projects in many jurisdictions. Historically the focus has been on the pre-decision making stages of environmental impact assessment. It has, however, been widely acknowledged that post-decision environmental impact assessment follow-up is an important component in confirming initial predictions, enabling responsible adaptive management of environmental impacts and ensuring compliance with permit conditions. It is this last function which is the focus of this study. Specifically, the role of permit conditions in enabling compliance and facilitating compliance monitoring is addressed. Permit conditions of twenty-one environmental authorisations were examined and tested for conformance with legislated requirements, and practicality of monitoring for compliance (monitorability). It was found that there are many contributors to achieving monitorable permit conditions. Amongst the most significant of these are conformity in interpretation of the regulations specifying permit content by officials, gaps in guidance on the part of the regulations themselves, and a tendency to focus on construction related impacts. The lack of clarity regarding the roles and functions of environmental control officer and environmental auditor further contribute to poor monitorability of permit conditions. Specific areas of shortcoming and best practice in the permit conditions analysed were identified and discussed. Finally, recommendations are made for the improvement of permit condition monitorability.
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Gumbo, Tichaona. "An economic analysis of the impact of removing organic waste from small scale cage aquaculture systems in irrigation dams in the Western Cape." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/6775.
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Thesis (MScAgric (Agricultural Economics))--University of Stellenbosch, 2011.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The rising demand of fish due to population growth coupled by stagnation of fish supply from natural capture has led the world to turn to aquaculture to fill in the gap between fish supply and demand. Aquaculture has emerged as the only sustainable way of supplying the rising population with fish. However the rapid expansion of aquaculture has been met with growing concerns over its environmental effects especially waste produced from aquaculture. The net cage system that is currently being used by small scale trout farmers in the Western Cape is an open water based system where release of waste into the water bodies is inevitable and this put into question the long term sustainability of trout farming using net cages in irrigation dams in the Western Cape. This study sought to compare identified production techniques that can be used by aquaculture farmers to reduce accumulation of organic waste in irrigation dams. The proposed ‘clean’ production techniques include use of net cages fitted with Lift-up system, semi intensive floating tank system (SIFTS) and intergrated aquaculture systems. The study revealed that the intergrated aquaculture system is the most effective way of recovering waste that shows great potential of moving aquaculture towards long term sustainability as it fullfills sustainability dimensions such as ‘zero emission’, nutrient recycling and integrated production. Mechanical methods of recovering waste such as Lift-up system and SIFTS are also effective in recovering particulate waste but however dissolved nutrients are lost into the environment. The study went on further to investigate if economic, environmental and social benefits of recovering waste from irrigation dams outweigh the costs of recovering waste using different production techniques. Models of small scale aquaculture farms using the three identified production techniques were developed and compared with a modelled small scale net cage farm where there was no waste recovery. A comparative financial analysis of the modelled small scale trout farms using alternative production techniques carried out showed that trout production using any of the three alternative ‘clean’ production techniques is financially viable with the SIFTS production technique giving the farmer the highest returns, followed by the intergrated system, then the net cage with a Lift-up system and lastly the net cage system without waste recovery. The second part of the study used the contingent valuation method to estimate the environmental and social benefits of removing waste from dams. Households revealed that they were willing to pay (WTP) R40 on average annually to improve water quality from a state where eutrophication had occurred to a state suitable for irrigation and aquaculture. To improve water quality from a state suitable for irrigation to a state suitable for swimming, households were willing to pay R16.67 annually. If water was to be improved from a state suitable for irrigation to a level suitable for domestic purposes, average willingness to pay (WTP) was R26.17 annually. WTP indicate that besides financial benefits associated with using ‘clean’ production techniques there are environmental and social benefits that will arise to the farm community using water from the irrigation dams.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die stygende vraag na vis as gevolg van bevolkingsgroei, tesame met die stagnering van die aanbod van vis vanaf natuurlike vangste het daartoe aanleiding gegee dat die oë van die wêreld op akwakultuur gerig is om die gaping in die voorsiening van vis te vul. Akwakultuur het ontwikkel as die enigste volhoubare manier om aan die groeiende vraag na vis te voldoen. Die vinnige uitbreiding van akwakultuur het egter toenemende besorgdheid in die nadelige omgewingsimpak, veral ten opsigte van akwakultuurafval, tot gevolg gehad. Die nethokstelsel wat tans deur kleinskaalse forelboere in die Wes-Kaap in oop watergebaseerde sisteme gebruik word en die vrystelling van afval in die wateromgewings wat onafwendbaar is, plaas ’n vraagteken oor die langtermyn volhoubaarheid van die nethokstelsel forelboerdery in besproeiingsdamme in die Wes- Kaap. Die studie het ten doel gehad om geïdentifiseerde produksiestelsels wat deur akwakultuurboere gebruik kan word om die akkummulasie van organiese afval in besproeiingsdamme te verminder, te vergelyk. Die voorgestelde “skoon” produksietegnieke sluit in nethokke wat aan ’n opligstelsel gekoppel word, ‘n semi-intensiewe drywende tenk- stelsel (“SIFTS system” in Engels) en ‘n geïntegreerde akwakultuurstelsel. Met hierdie studie is bevind dat die geïntegreerde stelsel die mees effektiewe manier is om afval te herwin en toon potensiaal om akwakultuur op ’n vohoubare pad te plaas aangesien dit aan die volhoubaarheidsdimensies van geen emissie, voedingstofherwinning en geïntegreerde produksie voldoen. Meganiese metodes van afvalherwinning soos die nethokopligstelsel en die SIFTS-stelsel is effektief in die herwinning van vastestofdeeltjies, maar opgeloste voedingstowwe word steeds in die omgewing vrygestel. Die studie het voorts ten doel gehad om te bepaal of die ekonomiese, omgewings- en sosiale voordele om afval uit besproeiingsdamme te herwin, groter is as die herwinningskoste van die verskillende produksietegnieke. Modelle van kleinskaalse akwakultuurplase wat die drie geïdentifiseerde produksiestelsels gebruik, is ontwikkel en aangewend om te vergelyk met ’n nethokstelsel waar geen afvalherwinning gedoen word nie. ’n Vergelykende finansiële ontleding van die gemodelleerde kleinskaalse forelboerderye met die verskillende produksietegnieke is gedoen en daar is bevind dat enige een van die drie “skoon” stelsels finansieel lewensvatbaar is, met die SIFTS-stelsel wat die hoogste vergoeding aan die boer bied, gevolg deur die geïntegreerde stelsel, dan die nethokke aan ’n opligstelsel en dan die nethokstelsel sonder afvalherwinning. Die tweede deel van die studie het van die voorwaardelike (“contingent”) waardasiemetode gebruik gemaak om die omgewings- en sosiale voordele om afval uit besproeiingsdamme te verwyder, te bepaal. Huishoudings het aangetoon dat hulle bereid sou wees om tot R40 per jaar te betaal om die waterkwaliteit te verbeter vanaf ’n toestand waar eutrifikasie plaasgevind het na ’n toestand waar die water vir besproeiing en akwakultuur geskik sou wees. Om die waterkwaliteit vanaf ’n toestand geskik vir besproeiing te verander na ’n toestand geskik om in te swem, sou huishoudings bereid wees om R16.67 per jaar te betaal. Indien water vanaf ’n toestand geskik vir besproeiing verander sou word na ’n toestand geskik vir huishoudelike gebruik, sou huishoudings gewillig wees om jaarliks R26.17 te betaal. Die “gewilligheid om te betaal” dui aan dat daar bo en behalwe die finansiële voordele om van “skoon” produksietegnieke gebruik te maak, ook omgewings- en sosiale voordele vir die plaasgemeenskap bestaan met die gebruik van die water uit die besproeiingsdamme.
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Gerber, Gerhard. "Environmental impact assessment, integrated development planning and the pursuit of sustainable development in South Africa : a critical reflection on the consideration of alternatives." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/2401.
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Thesis (MPhil (Sustainable Development Planning and Management))--University of Stellenbosch, 2009.Despite our best planning and Environmental Impact Assessment (“EIA”) efforts we seem to be failing in our pursuit of Sustainable Development. In South Africa we find ourselves confronted with the harsh reality that after 14 years of democracy, more than a decade of compulsory EIA, and 12 years of legislated Integrated Development Planning (“IDP”), poverty remains widespread and persists alongside affluence, while inequalities are also growing. In addition South Africa’s life-supporting ecosystems continue to deteriorate at an alarming rate. Critically reflecting on what is going wrong, it is clear that there is an emergent consensus in the discourse that points towards the inadequate consideration of alternatives. A literature review of the historical development and social construction of the concept of “sustainable development”; a theoretical analysis of sustainable development, planning and EIA; as well as an analysis of the legislative and policy framework for EIA and IDP in South Africa, shows that the consideration of alternatives is the “heart” and “soul” of EIA and IDP, and therefore of the pursuit of sustainable development in South Africa. A content analysis of a sample of EIAs and IDPs undertaken and produced in the Western Cape Province of South Africa, however, indicates that alternatives are not being adequately considered during the current practice of EIA and IDP in South Africa – resulting in only slightly less unsustainable development and a perpetuation of the unsustainable and unjust “business-as-usual” development types and patterns of the past. EIA and IDP can never be, and were never supposed to be completely separate processes. EIAs must be considered within the context to be provided by the sustainable development vision, goals and objectives to be formulated in, and the desired spatial form and pattern of land use to be reflected in an area’s IDP and Spatial Development Frameworks (“SDF”). Properly informed Strategic Environmental Assessment based IDPs and SDFs, refined by Environmental Management Frameworks, should therefore provide the strategic context and decision-making framework for the consideration of need, desirability and alternatives; with the actual and potential socio-economic and ecological impacts of a specific proposal to be considered during the project-level EIA. Project-level EIAs in turn providing “feedback” to the planning processes to ensure reflexivity and continued improvement. The improved integration and convergence of IDP and EIA decision-making methodologies and practice are therefore paramount to the adequate consideration of alternatives and the pursuit of sustainable development in South Africa. While the challenges to be addressed by EIA and IDP in South Africa are complex and ‘wicked’, and the pursuit of sustainable development solutions is therefore also a complex and ongoing process, the need for fundamental alternatives that will lead to drastic and urgent change for the better are, however, just as real. The urgency and importance of the sustainable development challenge for South Africa calls for bold decisions and the search for sustainable alternatives that will deliver urgent and fundamental change for all South Africans. The practice of EIA and IDP should be driven by these realities and reflect the need for urgent and fundamental change.
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Sokutu, Nonkuselo. "Towards sustainable municipalities : an evaluation of sustainability integration in Elundini Local Municipality strategy." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1013018.
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This research study evaluated and assessed the extent to which strategic management processes integrated economic, environmental and social sustainability elements in the fiveyear strategy (2012) of Elundini Local Municipality (ELM). The study focused on three areas of strategic management, that is, environmental analysis, strategic direction and strategy formulation. The study also looked at possible reasons for sustainability integration in ELM strategy or lack thereof and also recommended possible solutions. The literature reviewed revealed that there was adequate basis for municipalities to integrate sustainable development in their strategies even though sustainability was noted as an evolving, complex and changing phenomenon. Local Agenda 21 principles, national legislative & policy framework, regulations and other relevant guidelines were found to be adequate for municipalities to develop credible sustainability strategies. The objectives of the study were achieved by data collected through the review of existing literature; the review of ELM Five Year Strategy (2012-2017); and SIAT-based questionnaires that were filled in by ELM employees. The results of the study showed that economic and social sustainability activities were identified most in the ELM strategy compared to environmental sustainability. The study then mainly recommended the review of the current strategy in order to improve all areas of strategy formulation; introduction of Economic, Social and Environmental sustainability – Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats (ESEs-SWOT) for internal analysis as an improvement of SWOT analysis; introduction of Sustainability Integration and Strategic Management Framework (SISMF) as an improvement to existing framework.
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Giles, Andrew. "Exploring the Social, Environmental and Economic Aspects of Trail Surfacing Decisions." Thesis, University of Waterloo, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10012/964.
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Visitor activities in parks often have a heavy impact on the soil, vegetation, water and wildlife. In front country areas, the most extreme damage is concentrated on and adjacent to recreational trails. Aside from controlling the numbers, activities and behaviours of trail users, managers may choose to make trails more resistant to impact through surfacing. Unfortunately, surfacing may have negative influences on park visitors' enjoyment of trails by limiting access or detracting from the primitive setting. In addition, some surfaces may be ineffective in certain environmental conditions such as wet ground or steep slopes. Finally, the wide variety in construction and maintenance costs may make some surface types economically unfeasible.
The goals of this research are to investigate the role of trail surfacing in the management of impacts from outdoor recreation; to develop better understanding of the social, economic and environmental aspects of trail surfacing decisions; and to explore a comprehensive framework for incorporating these three factors in trail management. It is hoped that this research can assist park managers in selecting surfacing options to reduce visitor impact without excessively compromising recreational experience or organizational limitations, such as financial resources.
In addition to a comprehensive review of literature on visitor impact management on trails and surfacing techniques, this research employs three methods to further investigate the social, environmental and economic aspects of trail surfacing: a trail user survey, manager survey and trail condition assessment. The trail user survey was conducted at two well-used natural areas in southwestern Ontario, Canada: Presqu'ile Provincial Park and Belfountain Conservation Area. Surveys at each area explored trail users' perceptions and preferences of trail surfacing techniques in late summer 1999. The managers' survey provided insight into organizational approaches to surfacing, including construction cost and observations on recreational or environmental effectiveness. Finally, the trail condition assessment explored an approach to determining environmental effectiveness of trail surfacing techniques, but was limited by the physical and recreational variation between trails.
Seven recommendations for trail managers are presented, tying in several conceptual frameworks of visitor impact management and trail surfacing decisions developed in the thesis. First, trail managers are recommended to develop a full understanding of trail design principles and alternative visitor impact management techniques. If surfacing is selected as the best impact management technique, trail managers should obtain as much information on user characteristics, environmental conditions and organizational limitations as possible. Despite the benefits and drawbacks for all surfaces, road base gravel (or angular screenings with fines) merits special attention as an excellent surface, while asphalt and concrete are not recommended for front country, semi-primitive recreation. Finally, trail managers are encouraged to share information on surfacing more freely and open surfacing decision processes to affected trail users.
Overall, trail managers are provided with an approach to surfacing decisions that considers the social, environmental and economic aspects of trail surfacing, with the goal of working toward more enjoyable, environmentally responsible and cost-effective trail solutions.
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Lemons, Kenneth Elvert. "A comparative study of technology assessment, social impact assessment and environmental impact assessment in developed and less developed countries : 1980-1994." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/28952.
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Czajkowski, Jeffrey Robert. "Economic analysis of the Florida Everglades restoration." FIU Digital Commons, 2003. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/2704.
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An economic valuation methodology was developed in order to monetarily quantify the benefits resulting from the Indian River Lagoon - South (IRLS) $995 million Everglades restoration project. Service flows of the IRLS were identified and their associated economic baseline values were estimated utilizing existing research. A water quality baseline for the IRLS was also established and compared with the best available standards. Benefits accruing beyond the baseline values given the completion of the IRLS restoration were estimated via benefit transfer to be approximately $159 million annually, importantly factoring in the established IRLS water quality baseline.
Given these benefit results of a lower bound estimate, the project was determined not to be economically feasible, i.e., NPV < $0, via a cost-benefit analysis. However, Monte Carlo analyses provided further insights into the probability of an economically feasible restoration (36%) given the uncertainty surrounding the benefit estimation, as well as specific variables to focus on to improve this probability. This research highlights the potential significant economic value of the IRLS and the importance of properly estimating this value given the magnitude of costs.
Books on the topic "Economic aspects of Environmental impact analysis"
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Future, Resources for the, ed. Reforming regulatory impact analysis. Resources for the Future, 2009.
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Stokoe, Peter K. Integrating economics and EIA: Institutional design and analytical tools. Canadian Environmental Assessment Research Canada, 1991.
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R, Russo, and Zeppetella Alberico, eds. Analisi dei progetti e valutazione d'impatto ambientale. F. Angeli, 1985.
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Economic methods for multipollutant analysis and evaluation. M. Dekker, 1985.
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Rao, Vaman. A taxonomy of the techniques of economic impact analysis: Final report. The Office, 1989.
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Development, European Bank for Reconstruction and. Environmental procedures. European Bank, 1992.
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Malawi. Environmental Affairs Dept., ed. Environmental impact assessment guidelines for [name of projects]. Ministry of Natural Resources and Environmental Affairs, Environmental Affairs Dept., 2002.
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Dole, David. Contingency calculations for environmental impacts with unknown monetary values. Asian Development Bank, 2005.
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Mid-Columbia River National Wildlife Refuge Complex. McNary and Umatilla National Wildlife refuges: Draft comprehensive conservation plan and environmental assessment. Mid-Columbia National Wildlife Refuge Complex (P.O. Box 1447, 3250 Port of Benton Blvd., 99352), 2006.
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Brockman, Aggie. Review of NWT diamonds project environmental impact statement: Socio-economic impacts on women. Status of Women Council of the N.W.T., 1995.
Book chapters on the topic "Economic aspects of Environmental impact analysis"
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Cioffi, Antonietta, Fedele Cuculo, Lucia Di Nucci, and Gianmarco Orlando. "The economic-environmental impact analysis in the choice of the management of the dredging materials od a port basin in relation to the classification and the quality of the same: the experience of the port of Termoli (2018)." In Proceedings e report. Firenze University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/978-88-5518-147-1.65.
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The work to be illustrated shows the comparison of the economic and environmental impact analysis in astudy case: "Dredging work on the seabed of the port of Termoli 2018". The entry into force of Ministerial Decree 173/2016 (ecotoxicological characterization of the sediments of the dredging area and of the diving area led). The new assessment required the search for solutions that summarized the economic aspects, linked to the financing available, and the adoption of a new technology that would allow a system process aimed at a better environmental protection.
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James, David. "Economic Impact Analysis." In The Application of Economic Techniques in Environmental Impact Assessment. Springer Netherlands, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-8384-8_4.
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Cirrincione, Laura, and Giorgia Peri. "Covering the Gap for an Effective Energy and Environmental Design of Green Roofs: Contributions from Experimental and Modelling Researches." In Future City. Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-71819-0_8.
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AbstractGreen roofs are components of the building envelope that have become increasingly popular in urban contexts because other than providing numerous environmental benefits they are also capable of reducing building energy consumption, especially in summer. However, despite all these advantages, green roofs are still affected by some limitations. Specifically, there are some gaps affecting the energy modelling consisting in the absence of a proper database, information (growth stage, leaf area index, and coverage ratio) relative to the different green roof plant species, which technicians could use in case of lack of actual field data to perform energy analysis of buildings equipped with green roofs. These gaps concern also environmental and economic assessments of such technology. In fact, the currently available green roof LCA and LCC studies seem to underestimate the role of the substrate on the overall environmental impact and the role of the disposal phase on the life cycle cost of the green roof. In this chapter, all these aspects are addressed, and contributions to their solution, which arose from both experimental and modelling research, carried out by the authors are presented.
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Jungermann, Helmut. "Psychological Aspects of Scenarios." In Environmental Impact Assessment, Technology Assessment, and Risk Analysis. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-70634-9_13.
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Rosignoli, Dario, Giovanni Martinola, and Martin Bäuml. "Ecological Impact and Economic Aspects of Advanced Concrete Technologies." In Environmental Ecology and Technology of Concrete. Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/0-87849-983-0.35.
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Whisnant, Richard A., Stephen A. Johnston, and James H. Hutchby. "Economic Analysis and Environmental Aspects of Photovoltaic Systems." In Handbook of Photovoltaic Science and Engineering. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/0470014008.ch21.
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Martín Segura, José Aureliano, César Pérez López, and José Luis Navarro Espigares. "The Environmental Impact of Economic Activity on the Planet." In Time Series Analysis and Forecasting. Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-28725-6_8.
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Heindler, Manfred. "Feasibility, Safety and Environmental Aspects of D-He3 Fusion." In Safety, Environmental Impact, and Economic Prospects of Nuclear Fusion. Springer US, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-0619-1_11.
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Shrader-Frechette, K. S. "An Overview of Technology Assessment and Environmental-Impact Analysis." In Science Policy, Ethics, and Economic Methodology. Springer Netherlands, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-6449-5_1.
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Rovenskaya, Elena. "Optimal Economic Growth Under Stochastic Environmental Impact: Sensitivity Analysis." In Dynamic Systems, Economic Growth, and the Environment. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-02132-9_5.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Economic aspects of Environmental impact analysis"
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Yamamoto, Joji, Hideyuki Oka, Yasuharu Nakajima, Shotaro Uto, Shunji Inoue, and Shigesuke Ishida. "Analysis Tool for Environmental Impact of Seafloor Resources Development." In ASME 2011 30th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2011-50096.
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The exclusive economic zone (EEZ) of Japan has a very wide area due to a lot of islands in Japanese Archipelago. As the worldwide supply and demand of natural resources and foods are being tight, the technology for the effective use of the EEZ will become the key for the sustainable development of Japan. From this background, the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism of Japan (MLIT) started an R&D project of floating offshore platform technologies in 2007[1]. In this project an integrated design support tool is developed for evaluating the economical and safety aspects of the offshore platforms. This tool contains the function to estimate an environmental impact of seafloor resource development. We postulated the process of seafloor resource development as follows. The ores mined on seabed are sent up to the platforms as a mixture of the ore particles and water, then the waste water containing inorganic suspended particles is discharged into sea. The particles exhausted in the sea are transported by the advection and diffusion, and sink gradually on seafloor. We developed an analytical code simulating the distribution of discharged particle in both sea and sediments by a simple technique. Mass Consistent Flow Model is used to save the time in the calculation of ocean flow. In addition, the ecosystem model in sediment is developed to estimate the ecological impact of seafloor resource development. It includes benthic organism, zooplankton, bacteria, and particulate organic matter as the components. The ecological impact was assessed based on the recovery period of the biomass. In this paper, the outline of this environmental impact analysis tool and results of the trial calculation for seafloor resource mining are shown.
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Hidayatno, Akhmad, Irvanu Rahman, and Salsabila Putri Styaningrum. "Impact Analysis of Mobility as A Service (MaaS) Phenomenon on Environmental and Economic Aspects in Jakarta Region using System Dynamics Approach." In ICIBE 2020: 2020 The 6th International Conference on Industrial and Business Engineerin. ACM, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3429551.3429556.
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Makrevska Disoska, Elena, and Katerina Shapkova Kocevska. "THE IMPACT OF HUMAN FREEDOMS ON ECONOMIC GROWTH." In Economic and Business Trends Shaping the Future. Ss Cyril and Methodius University, Faculty of Economics-Skopje, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.47063/ebtsf.2020.0016.
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The impact of formal institutions, including rule of law, human rights, and civil liberties on economic growth has been in the focus of the latest research agenda of the new institutional economics due to the current pandemic of the Corona-19 virus. Some limitations are necessary to be imposed to address a pandemic, but this is a real risk of lasting deterioration in basic human freedoms. Increased surveillance, restrictions on free expression and information, and limits on public participation are becoming increasingly common. The present fear is that the authorities worldwide are using the current situation to repress human rights for political purposes. This paper aims to explore the effect of the overall institutional environment, understood as the concept of human freedom, on economic prosperity in different jurisdictions around the world. Human freedom is a general term for personal, civil, and economic freedom and therefore the interconnection with economic growth can be seen in both directions. In our analysis, we use the Human Freedom Index published by the Fraser Institute as a proxy for human freedom. Here, human freedom is understood as the absence of coercive constraint. The index is calculated based on 79 distinct indicators representing different aspects of personal and economic freedom. This analysis seeks to answer several questions. First, we are interested in examining whether there is empirical evidence about the causality between human freedoms and economic growth. Second, we are interested in whether human freedom has a positive impact on growth rates. And third, we are interested in examining the influence of other determinants on economic growth. To test the causality between human freedom and economic growth, we have conducted a Granger causality analysis. The empirical strategy for identification of the possible influence of human freedom to growth rates includes the development of ordinary least squares (OLS) panel regression models for selected economies of the world, or around 174 cross-section units (countries) in the period between 2008 and 2017.
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Medyna, Galina, Eric Coatane´a, and Dominique Millet. "Evaluation of Parts of a Boat Cabin Based on Exergy: Focusing on Environmental and Economic Assessments." In ASME 2011 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2011-63333.
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Product and process engineering design is a complex problem which relies on multiple fields, and while many design aid tools exist they rarely take into account more than a single field or aspect at a time. This implies that a few tools have to used for a single project, making the engineer, or designer, juggle among them or favouring a single aspect. Many existing environmental assessment tools on the market only focus on environmental aspects, which are extremely important in today’s impact conscious context but are not enough to make viable products and processes. Moreover the tools often require precise data which is only known during the late stages of design when it is too late to make any significant changes. The aim of the current work is to further develop and test a multi-domain modelling framework, for the early stages of product and process design, which primarily focuses on environmental assessment but also takes into account economic aspects and can be expanded to further fields, such as risk. The two bases for the proposed framework are exergy, a measure of useful work that can be, unlike energy, both created and destroyed, and dimensional analysis, a widely used tool in engineering to model problems through dimensional homogeneity. The environmental and economic assessments proposed by the tool are illustrated on the case of insulation of the cabin on a passenger ferry and the environmental results are compared to those from two existing methodologies, Eco-Indicator and Cumulative Exergy Demand.
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Muszyński, Robert, and Katarzyna Kocur-Bera. "Climate Change – Analysis of Indicators." In 11th International Conference “Environmental Engineering”. VGTU Technika, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/enviro.2020.605.
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Progressing climate change poses a major threat to the Earth. According to a UN report, reducing global warming to below 1.5 °C offers hope for maintaining the current quality of human lives and for protecting the environment. The report also points out that there is a prescription for curbing the catastrophic effects of climate change. In order to achieve the aim of stopping the increase in temperature, both adequate knowledge of the hazard and measures based on proven technologies are required. The first step that will enable the commencement of activities is to identify the hazard characteristics and their effect on the environment. In this regard, various types of indicators that cover the local, regional and global scale in various aspects, both environmental and anthropogenic, are very helpful. The main purpose of the analysis is to examine indicators/indices that synthetically express/define various aspects which reflect climate change. The study applied the method of research of the available literature. The analysis showed that the economies of countries use indicators that describe the different scale of impact and a different objective and subjective range. This is mainly determined by the needs and accessibility of data.
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Mehmeti, Albulena. "IMPACT OF MOTIVATION AND JOB SATISFACTION ON EMPLOYEE PERFORMANCE." In Economic and Business Trends Shaping the Future. Ss Cyril and Methodius University, Faculty of Economics-Skopje, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.47063/ebtsf.2020.0036.
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The majority of organizations are competing to survive in volatile and fierce market environment, especially these days when the Covid 19 has collapsed most businesses. The essential tools for organizational success in the long run are motivation and job satisfaction on employee performance. There is a strong positive relationship between motivation, job satisfaction and organizational effectiveness. One of the main aspects of management is the measurement of employee satisfaction. The role of the manager is to continuously work towards aligning the aspirations of the employee with the goals of the organizations. The aim of this paper is to analyze the drivers of motivation and job satisfaction towards higher level of employee performance. The objective of the present paper is to focus on the relationship between motivation and job satisfaction and its overall impact on employee’s performance. The theoretical framework of this research includes the concepts of motivation, job satisfaction, and employee’s performance. The empirical component of this research and questionnaire were modeled accordingly. Furthermore, the questionnaire included parts where the questions regarding employee expectations, work environment and job organization were asked, while the analysis of the results of the survey was carried out with the SPSS statistical package. The study examines the value and impact of motivation and job satisfaction on employee performance. A sample of 460 employees from public and private sector was surveyed and empirical analysis showed that motivation and job satisfaction directly impact employee performance.
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Dreimanis, Karlis, Zane Indzere, Dagnija Blumberga, and Vaida Šerevičienė. "Multicriteria Evaluaton of Efficiency in Fish Processing." In 11th International Conference “Environmental Engineering”. VGTU Technika, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/enviro.2020.729.
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EU countries have agreed on GREEN DEAL and have committed to achieve carbon neutrality by 2050. Very important role for achieving the goal is playing production and manufacturing industry. This article is devoted to fish production industry, which is as subdivision of food production industry. During past decades the amount of fish caught has increased multiple times. Fishing industry nowadays is being strongly regulated and monitored by various institutions including. Which sets environmental legislation for controlling and improving industries impact (energy efficiency, pollution, waste) on the habitat and environment. For EU to make right decisions on how the member states could develop their fish production industry, it is necessary to have overall evaluation which includes the development opportunities. The efficiency of the fish production company characterizes the amount of resources used, as well as energy efficiency, water usage, the possibility to implement of circular economy, and other criteria which must be evaluated from the perspective if environmental, engineering, economic and social aspects. The fish production company analysis in this article are analysed using Data envelopement analysis (DEA) multicriteria analysis. First results show that fish manufacturers must pay attention to the technological processes in order to move towards carbon neutral society.
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Piacenza, Joseph R., Irem Y. Tumer, S. H. Seyedmahmoudi, Karl R. Haapala, and Christopher Hoyle. "Comparison of Sustainability Performance for Cross Laminated Timber and Concrete." In ASME 2013 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2013-12267.
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As sustainable building design practices become more prevalent in today’s construction market, designers are looking to alternative materials for novel design strategies. This paper presents a case study comparing the sustainability performance of cross laminated timber (CLT) and reinforced concrete. A comparative sustainability assessment of cross laminated timber and concrete, considering economic, environmental, and social aspects was performed. Environmental impact is measured in terms of CO2 equivalent, economic impact is measured with total sector cost (including sector interdependencies), and qualitative metrics were considered for social impact. In order to conduct an accurate performance comparison, a functional unit of building facade volume was chosen for each product. For this paper, several end-of-life strategies were modeled for CLT and concrete facades. To understand environmental, economic, and social impact, three different scenarios were analyzed to compare performance of both CLT and concrete, including cradle to gate product manufacturing, manufacturing with landfill end-of-life, and manufacturing with recycling end-of-life. Environmental LCA was modeled using GaBi 5.0 Education Edition, which includes its own database for elements including materials, processes, and transportation. To compare the economic impact, Carnegie Mellon’s EIO-LCA online tool is used. Finally, social life cycle impact was considered by identifying process attributes of both products that affect the social domain. Based on this analysis, the use of CLT has a significantly lower environmental impact than concrete, however there are additional costs.
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Mendes, Renato F., Kleber J. A. Porto Silva, and Luiz Fernando S. Oliveira. "Economic Transportation Risk Assessment From Offshore Oil Fields to Refineries." In 2002 4th International Pipeline Conference. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2002-27207.
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This paper describes an analysis of the transportation reliability and economic risk associated with potential accidents during the lifetime of a brand new enterprise. The methodology was applied during the technical-financial assessment of offshore and onshore transportation from oil fields to refineries. It considered operations involving the potential for environment damage and business interruption. The case study considered two major configurations: Maritime+Pipelines: combining FPSOs (Floating Production, Storage and Offloading), tankers, terminals, and onshore pipelines; and Pure Pipelines: SSs (Semi-submersibles) and offshore and onshore pipeline system conveying oil to refineries. Each installation/activity with potential to generate an accident was represented by one block on the diagram, in the reliability study. The consequences to the transportation enterprise were defined based on economic impact. It was necessary to mine information on the environmental costs of past accidents within the company, as well as worldwide. Business interruption was considered for the transportation project and also for the refineries connected in the process. The risk for each route configuration from oil field to refinery was developed by plotting the frequency and consequence data in a spreadsheet for each activity along the transportation route. As a result we developed a comparative risk analysis table to support a major financial assessment. Beyond the traditional process of assessing projects in terms of investment and return, PETROBRAS is now considering other aspects, such as potential accidents that may play a role in assessing financial feasibility.
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Darmajanti, Linda, Daniel Mambo Tampi, and Irene Sondang Fitrinita. "Sustainable Urban Development: Building Healthy Cities in Indonesia." In 55th ISOCARP World Planning Congress, Beyond Metropolis, Jakarta-Bogor, Indonesia. ISOCARP, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.47472/mbxo5435.
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The urban process or commonly called urbanization is a phenomenon that is occurring in several regions in Indonesia. In 2045, the projection results show 61.7% of Indonesia's population will live in urban areas. In the process, cities in Indonesia are facing several challenges related to Urban Infrastructure, decent and affordable housing, clean environment, local economic, slum, and urban poor (Social welfare). These indicators can have a positive impact on increasing the city index with healthy city categories, but also can have a negative impact with the increasing gap between the poor and the rich. The purposes of this study are to find out which cities in Indonesia fall into the category of healthy cities and to find out what factors and actors play a role in building healthy cities in Indonesia. The analytical method in this study is log frame analysis. The result is building healthy cities is closely related to the availability of aspects of life in urban areas: health services, environmental, and socioeconomic aspects. There are 3 cities in Indonesia: Palembang, Solo and Denpasar City. Building a healthy city is also an effort in improving health status, health facilities, cleanliness, garbage services, food availability, clean water, security, safety, park facilities, public transportation, art and culture facilities, housing, urban economics, religious facilities, and urban planning quality. Healthy cities in Indonesia will be achieved if efforts to improve not only physical health but also mental, social, economic and spiritual health are achieved. Finally, building a healthy city in Indonesia is an effort to contribute to sustainable urban development.
Reports on the topic "Economic aspects of Environmental impact analysis"
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Banerjee, Onil, Juan M. Murguia, Martin Cicowiez, and Adela Moreda. The Integrated Economic-Environmental Modeling (IEEM) Platform Approach to Tourism Investment Analysis: An Application to Costa Rica. Inter-American Development Bank, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0002288.
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Public investment in different types of tourism, from business to leisure tourism, has differentiated impacts on local economies, environment, people and government revenues. A fully integrated analytical approach such as the Integrated Economic-Environmental Modeling (IEEM) Platform is required to capture these multi-dimensional impacts. Applying IEEM to public investment in tourism in Costa Rica we find: investing in a higher skilled labor force particularly in traditional tourism-related activities will improve household welfare; similar increases in demand across all types of tourism show that Health tourism generates the greatest impact on household welfare, while Business tourism has the best prospects for reducing unemployment; Business tourism generates the largest increase in government revenues, but also has the largest greenhouse gas emission footprint, and; the whole of economy perspective of IEEM that captures direct, indirect and induced impacts results in a higher Net Present Value estimation of the investment.
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Mushongera, Darlington, Prudence Kwenda, and Miracle Ntuli. An analysis of well-being in Gauteng province using the capability approach. Gauteng City-Region Observatory, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.36634/2020.op.1.
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As countries across the globe pursue economic development, the improvement of individual and societal well-being has increasingly become an overarching goal. In the global South, in particular, high levels of poverty, inequality and deteriorating social fabrics remain significant challenges. Programmes and projects for addressing these challenges have had some, but limited, impact. This occasional paper analyses well-being in Gauteng province from a capability perspective, using a standard ‘capability approach’ consistent with Amartya Sen’s first conceptualisation, which was then operationalised by Martha Nussbaum. Earlier research on poverty and inequality in the Gauteng City-Region was mainly based on objective characteristics of well-being such as income, employment, housing and schooling. Using data from the Gauteng City-Region Observatory’s Quality of Life Survey IV for 2015/16, our capability approach provides a more holistic view of well-being by focusing on both objective and subjective aspects simultaneously. The results confirm the well-known heterogeneity in human conditions among South African demographic groups, namely that capability achievements vary across race, age, gender, income level and location. However, we observe broader (in both subjective and objective dimensions) levels of deprivation that are otherwise masked in the earlier studies. In light of these findings, the paper recommends that policies are directly targeted towards improving those capability indicators where historically disadvantaged and vulnerable groups show marked deprivation. In addition, given the spatial heterogeneities in capability achievements, we recommend localised interventions in capabilities that are lagging in certain areas of the province.
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Levantovych, Oksana. COVID 19 MEDIA COVERAGE: AN ANALYSIS OF HEORHII POCHEPTSOV’S VIEW. Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/vjo.2021.49.11061.
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The article analyses the peculiarities of the coverage of the covid pandemic in the Ukrainian media, the emphasis placed by the media in news, and how the online mode of modern life and social distancing affects the growth of media influence. Special attention is paid to the view of the famous publicist Heorhii Pocheptsov, who does not exclude the possibility that the coronavirus was invented intentionally to control millions of people around the world. Permanently, the world faces numerous challenges of different scales: economic, military, socio-political, environmental, epidemiological ones. In 2020, the largest and the most unexpected event, undoubtedly, was the deadly coronavirus pandemic, which spread from the small Chinese province of Wuhan to the whole world and already took more than one million people’s lives in less than a year. Thus, the media, that in the post-information society actually have an unprecedented impact on people, form a person’s perception of such challenges. As a result, our understanding of the pandemic is directly related to the information we consume from the media. In fact, from the very start of quarantine, the media space began to be captured by analytical materials in which experts from various fields tried to predict what the world would be like after the end of coronavirus. These experts were of two types: some claimed that irreversible changes would deepen the permanent economic and socio-political crisis, and by claiming that they intensified panic, while others argued that any crisis is a chance to restart and grow. The experts put different emphases covering the covid pandemic in the media, but it is important to pay attention to the analysis of the famous publicist, propaganda researcher – Heorhii Pocheptsov, who sees the coronavirus as a tool to influence millions of people. The pandemic will end sooner or later, but no matter whether the virus was artificially invented or not, the processes that have already been launched around the world cannot stop as if nothing had happened. But Heorhii Pocheptsov’s opinion about the possible artificial nature of the virus should make us more vigilant while consuming information from TVs or from the online media, as it is possible that this information might be a part of a great game that we were not warned about.
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Fan, Li, and Veronica Mendizabal Joffre. The Gender Dimension of Sustainable Consumption and Production: A Microsurvey-Based Analysis of Gender Differences in Awareness, Attitudes, and Behaviors in the People’s Republic of China. Asian Development Bank, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.22617/wps200401-2.
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Using microsurveys conducted in the People’s Republic of China over the past 2 decades, this paper explores the individual preferences among men and women toward sustainable consumption and production—the concept of doing more with less and decoupling economic growth from environmental degradation. The study finds that women exhibit greener living and working habits than men. However, women—regardless of education, rural–urban setting, or age—are impacted by time poverty, low political participation, limited awareness, gender norms, and, for younger and older women, financial limitations. To encourage and increase women’s capacity in shaping environmental solutions, economic and political gender gaps must be addressed and awareness on the impact of consumption needs to be strengthened.
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Saville, Alan, and Caroline Wickham-Jones, eds. Palaeolithic and Mesolithic Scotland : Scottish Archaeological Research Framework Panel Report. Society for Antiquaries of Scotland, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.9750/scarf.06.2012.163.
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Why research Palaeolithic and Mesolithic Scotland? Palaeolithic and Mesolithic archaeology sheds light on the first colonisation and subsequent early inhabitation of Scotland. It is a growing and exciting field where increasing Scottish evidence has been given wider significance in the context of European prehistory. It extends over a long period, which saw great changes, including substantial environmental transformations, and the impact of, and societal response to, climate change. The period as a whole provides the foundation for the human occupation of Scotland and is crucial for understanding prehistoric society, both for Scotland and across North-West Europe. Within the Palaeolithic and Mesolithic periods there are considerable opportunities for pioneering research. Individual projects can still have a substantial impact and there remain opportunities for pioneering discoveries including cemeteries, domestic and other structures, stratified sites, and for exploring the huge evidential potential of water-logged and underwater sites. Palaeolithic and Mesolithic archaeology also stimulates and draws upon exciting multi-disciplinary collaborations. Panel Task and Remit The panel remit was to review critically the current state of knowledge and consider promising areas of future research into the earliest prehistory of Scotland. This was undertaken with a view to improved understanding of all aspects of the colonization and inhabitation of the country by peoples practising a wholly hunter-fisher-gatherer way of life prior to the advent of farming. In so doing, it was recognised as particularly important that both environmental data (including vegetation, fauna, sea level, and landscape work) and cultural change during this period be evaluated. The resultant report, outlines the different areas of research in which archaeologists interested in early prehistory work, and highlights the research topics to which they aspire. The report is structured by theme: history of investigation; reconstruction of the environment; the nature of the archaeological record; methodologies for recreating the past; and finally, the lifestyles of past people – the latter representing both a statement of current knowledge and the ultimate aim for archaeologists; the goal of all the former sections. The document is reinforced by material on-line which provides further detail and resources. The Palaeolithic and Mesolithic panel report of ScARF is intended as a resource to be utilised, built upon, and kept updated, hopefully by those it has helped inspire and inform as well as those who follow in their footsteps. Future Research The main recommendations of the panel report can be summarized under four key headings: Visibility: Due to the considerable length of time over which sites were formed, and the predominant mobility of the population, early prehistoric remains are to be found right across the landscape, although they often survive as ephemeral traces and in low densities. Therefore, all archaeological work should take into account the expectation of Palaeolithic and Mesolithic ScARF Panel Report iv encountering early prehistoric remains. This applies equally to both commercial and research archaeology, and to amateur activity which often makes the initial discovery. This should not be seen as an obstacle, but as a benefit, and not finding such remains should be cause for question. There is no doubt that important evidence of these periods remains unrecognised in private, public, and commercial collections and there is a strong need for backlog evaluation, proper curation and analysis. The inadequate representation of Palaeolithic and Mesolithic information in existing national and local databases must be addressed. Collaboration: Multi-disciplinary, collaborative, and cross- sector approaches must be encouraged – site prospection, prediction, recognition, and contextualisation are key areas to this end. Reconstructing past environments and their chronological frameworks, and exploring submerged and buried landscapes offer existing examples of fruitful, cross-disciplinary work. Palaeolithic and Mesolithic archaeology has an important place within Quaternary science and the potential for deeply buried remains means that geoarchaeology should have a prominent role. Innovation: Research-led projects are currently making a substantial impact across all aspects of Palaeolithic and Mesolithic archaeology; a funding policy that acknowledges risk and promotes the innovation that these periods demand should be encouraged. The exploration of lesser known areas, work on different types of site, new approaches to artefacts, and the application of novel methodologies should all be promoted when engaging with the challenges of early prehistory. Tackling the ‘big questions’: Archaeologists should engage with the big questions of earliest prehistory in Scotland, including the colonisation of new land, how lifestyles in past societies were organized, the effects of and the responses to environmental change, and the transitions to new modes of life. This should be done through a holistic view of the available data, encompassing all the complexities of interpretation and developing competing and testable models. Scottish data can be used to address many of the currently topical research topics in archaeology, and will provide a springboard to a better understanding of early prehistoric life in Scotland and beyond.
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Al-Qadi, Imad, Hasan Ozer, Mouna Krami Senhaji, et al. A Life-Cycle Methodology for Energy Use by In-Place Pavement Recycling Techniques. Illinois Center for Transportation, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.36501/0197-9191/20-018.
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Worldwide interest in using recycled materials in flexible pavements as an alternative to virgin materials has increased significantly over the past few decades. Therefore, recycling has been utilized in pavement maintenance and rehabilitation activities. Three types of in-place recycling technologies have been introduced since the late 70s: hot in-place recycling, cold in-place recycling, and full-depth reclamation. The main objectives of this project are to develop a framework and a life-cycle assessment (LCA) methodology to evaluate maintenance and rehabilitation treatments, specifically in-place recycling and conventional paving methods, and develop a LCA tool utilizing Visual Basic for Applications (VBA) to help local and state highway agencies evaluate environmental benefits and tradeoffs of in-place recycling techniques as compared to conventional rehabilitation methods at each life-cycle stage from the material extraction to the end of life. The ultimate outcome of this study is the development of a framework and a user-friendly LCA tool that assesses the environmental impact of a wide range of pavement treatments, including in-place recycling, conventional methods, and surface treatments. The developed tool provides pavement industry practitioners, consultants, and agencies the opportunity to complement their projects’ economic and social assessment with the environmental impacts quantification. In addition, the tool presents the main factors that impact produced emissions and energy consumed at every stage of the pavement life cycle due to treatments. The tool provides detailed information such as fuel usage analysis of in-place recycling based on field data.