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1
Cordery, J. C., L. Chapman, and J. F. A. Britton. "Management and economic aspects of farm deer, horses and milking sheep." British Veterinary Journal 145, no. 2 (March 1989): 121–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0007-1935(89)90094-8.
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Scott, J. F., O. J. Cacho, and J. M. Scott. "Economic risk analysis of different livestock management systems." Animal Production Science 53, no. 8 (2013): 788. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/an11249.
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The Cicerone farmlet experiment, conducted on the Northern Tablelands of New South Wales, Australia, explored aspects of profitability and sustainability under three different whole-farmlet management regimes. The 5-year period over which the treatments were measured occurred over a period of generally below-average rainfall, hence responses to management treatments were limited. A modelling approach was used to estimate profitability over a longer period representing the variable climate of the region. A stochastic discounted cash flow model was developed to estimate economic returns of two of the Cicerone management system treatments scaled up from the farmlet scale (53 ha) to the size of a typical commercial farm in the region (920 ha) over a 20-year period. Several scenarios were used to estimate the commercial-scale returns under different rates of pasture improvement and stocking rates. Over the long-term, Farm A was found to be more profitable but also more risky (in terms of variation around the mean of cumulative discounted cash flow) than the ‘typical’ Farm B management system. If livestock managers choose to adopt a pasture improvement strategy based on renovating pastures and increasing soil fertility, they are more likely to achieve higher net worth with more moderate rates of pasture improvement than those explored on Farm A where a high rate of pasture improvement had been implemented in order to quickly differentiate treatments.
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Bethune, M., O. A. Gyles, and Q. J. Wang. "Options for management of saline groundwater in an irrigated farming system." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 44, no. 2 (2004): 181. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea02179.
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Groundwater pumping is used to control salinity problems in many irrigation regions of Australia. Options for managing the pumped groundwater are required to be consistent with achieving high farm production levels and minimising salt export from irrigation regions. In this study, pasture production and economic aspects of 6 options for managing pumped groundwater are compared. The 6 options include (i) complete farm reuse of pumped groundwater for irrigation; (ii) complete export to river system; (iii) complete disposal to evaporation basin; (iv) partial farm reuse with reduced salt export; (v) partial farm reuse with reduced disposal to evaporation basin; and (vi) partial farm reuse with disposal to a salt tolerant forage crop. The comparison between the 6 options is made for a hypothetical 100 ha dairy farm that has a perennial pasture based production system. Complete farm reuse was the most economic option in areas where groundwater salinity is low (<5 dS/m). Partial farm reuse with disposal of surplus groundwater to a salt tolerant forage species was the most economical option for managing higher salinity groundwater.
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Kalchenko, Serhei, Serhei Karman, and Aleksandr Arabadzhyiskyi. "Management of Regional Development of Green Tourism Facilities." Path of Science 7, no. 6 (June 30, 2021): 2006–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.22178/pos.71-10.
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The article deals with the socio-economic aspects of economic activity of the subjects of the green tourism sphere in Ukraine. The socio-economic significance of this sectoral direction has been substantiated to ensure the stable development of regions, in particular, rural communities. Furthermore, the article proves the feasibility of improving methodological approaches to assessing the efficiency of family forms of management in the field of green tourism. The necessity of considering the material component of the motivational system of members of a peasant farm for further participation in these projects has been substantiated. Models for organizing a green estate based on a peasant farm have been developed for several marketing strategies. A positive effect has been proven for the socio-economic development of rural households based on the results of the practical implementation of the proposed recommendations.
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Castro-Santos, Laura, Almudena Filgueira-Vizoso, Carlos Álvarez-Feal, and Luis Carral. "Influence of Size on the Economic Feasibility of Floating Offshore Wind Farms." Sustainability 10, no. 12 (November 28, 2018): 4484. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su10124484.
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This paper uses a method to analyze the economic influence of the size of floating offshore wind farms. The economic aspects analyzed, LCOE (Levelized Cost Of Energy) and costs, depend on the number of floating offshore wind turbines, which establishes the effect of the size of the farm. This influence has been carried out for a map in a specific location. Regarding the case study, 18 alternatives have been considered taking into account the total power of the farm and the types of floating platforms. These aspects have been studied for the location of Galicia (Spain). Results indicate how LCOE and costs vary when the size of the floating offshore wind farm is increased for the studied kinds of offshore structures. Results are useful for planning an offshore wind farm in deep waters in future investments.
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Radko, V. "Economic aspects of energy efficiency in Ukrainian agricultural enterprises` dairy farming." Ekonomìka ta upravlìnnâ APK, no. 1 (148) (May 30, 2019): 65–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.33245/2310-9262-2019-148-1-65-75.
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It was established that material and technical support of milk production process in agricultural enterprises is an important reserve for increasing economic stability on the basis of creation of high-tech and energy-efficient production management system. The directions of innovative provision of technological processes in dairy farming are outlined: forage conservation; keeping and feeding animals; creation of farms with waste heat utilization, mechanized feeding, milking, waste management (robotic farms); computerization of milk production accounting processes and the prediction of the genetic value of animals; milk quality control by means of electronic means for testing of fat and protein content in milk; systems of cooling and milk storage. It has been proved that energy expenditure in dairy farming depends on a large number of factors, in particular the methods of keeping farm animals and their productivity, the level of mechanization and automation of technological processes on the farm, etc. It is established that in determining the energy costs, energy expenditure is taken into account only for individual, often final, technological operations, resulting in an assessment of the efficiency of milk production that is incomplete, which does not allow to objectively determine the efficiency of technological solutions. Summarizing the aforementioned, it will be grounded that the reduction of energy consumption in the milk production is possible not only on the basis of technical re-equipment of equipment, reconstruction and replacement on the new, but also due to the formation of rational consumer behavior and the development of a sound management policy for the use of energy resources at all stages of production dairy products. It is proposed to create at the agricultural enterprises an appropriate unit for ensuring energy efficiency and the appointment of a manager. Moreover, the responsibility of the manager should be clearly regulated and controlled by the business owners to fulfill all the requirements of energy saving, which should result in the reduction of energy consumption. It is proved that the reduction of energy consumption for milk production is achieved on the basis of providing the microclimate by utilizing the heat that is in the air and is removed from the premises. Key words: dairy farming, agricultural enterprise, energy efficiency, energy resources, energy management.
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Zhang, Wendong, and Kristine Tidgren. "The current farm downturn vs the 1920s and 1980s farm crises." Agricultural Finance Review 78, no. 4 (August 6, 2018): 396–411. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/afr-08-2017-0075.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the current farm economic downturn and credit restructuring by comparing it with the 1920s and 1980s farm crises from both economic and regulatory perspectives. Design/methodology/approach This paper closely compares critical economic and regulatory aspects of the current farm downturn with two previous farm crises in the 1920s and 1980s, and equally importantly, the golden eras that occurred before them. This study compares key aggregate statistics in land value, agricultural credit, lending regulations, and also evaluates the situations and impacts on individual farmer households by using three representative case studies. Findings The authors argue that there are at least three economic and regulatory reasons why the current farm downturn is unlikely to slide into a sudden collapse of the agricultural markets: strong, real income; growth in the 2000s, historically low interest rates; and more prudent agricultural lending practices. The current farm downturn is more likely a liquidity and working capital problem, as opposed to a solvency and balance sheet problem for the overall agricultural sector. The authors argue that the trajectory of the current farm downturn will likely be a gradual, drawn-out one like that of the 1920s farm crisis, as opposed to a sudden collapse as in the 1980s farm crisis. Originality/value The review provides empirical evidence for cautious optimism of the future trajectory of the current downturn, and argues that the current downturn is much more similar to the 1920s pattern than the 1980s crisis.
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Suchoń, Aneta. "The Lease and Sale of Agricultural Real Estate in Poland — Legal and Economic Aspects." EU agrarian Law 6, no. 2 (December 1, 2017): 43–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/eual-2017-0006.
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Abstract Ownership and lease of agricultural real estate are the basic legal titles to run and organize agricultural farms in Poland. For some years now, the practical significance of lease in rural relations has been growing, which is primarily connected with the activities of the Agricultural Property Agency. Currently, lease is the basic form of management of agricultural lands of the State Treasury. The aim of the paper was to present the basic principles concerning the acquisition and lease of agricultural real estate in Poland and to assess whether the legal regulations favour the formation and expansion of agricultural farms in this country, especially family ones. It should be noted that according to the Article 23 of the Polish Constitution, the basis of the agricultural system is the family farm. The family farm, in turn, is run by an individual farmer. The paper covers also the issue of acquisition and lease of agricultural real estate by foreigners.
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Priyanto, Sony Heru. "A Structural Model of Business Performance: An Empirical Study on Tobacco Farmers." Gadjah Mada International Journal of Business 8, no. 1 (January 12, 2006): 103. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/gamaijb.5622.
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Few studies have been conducted on how farmers’ entrepreneurship affects their farm performance. However, factors of entrepreneurship have not been adequately explored by researchers. Textbooks and articles on farm management usually stress the importance of farmers’ management capability with respect to their farm output. Unfortunately, they have failed to relate management capability to entrepreneurship. This study was conducted using a multilevel analysis with Structural Equation Model (SEM) to know the causal relationships among environment factors such as the country’s economy, natural resources, institutions and organizations, individual backgrounds, entrepreneurship, management capacity, and farm performance. The cross-sectional data was obtained in 2003 from four dominant tobacco-producing districts in Central Java. The multilevel model –that relates external environment, entrepreneurship, and management capacity– can adequately represent the data to estimate farm performance.The results of the analysis indicate that factors like personal aspects, together with physical, economic and institutional environments, affect farmers’ entrepreneurship. Personal aspects turn out to be the dominant factor that determines entrepreneurship and farm performance. This study also shows that farmers’ entrepreneurship is affected by their management capacity, which, in turn, affects the farmers’ farm performance. While there is no doubt in the adequacy of the model to estimate farm performance, this finding invites further investigation to validate it in other fields and scale of business, such as in small and medium enterprises and other companies. Furthermore, in order to evaluate the goodness of fit of the model in various contexts, further research both in a cross-cultural context and cross-national contexts using this model should be conducted.
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Mosiej, Józef. "Sustainable Rural Development Policy in Poland – Environmental Aspects." Acta Regionalia et Environmentalica 11, no. 2 (December 1, 2014): 41–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/aree-2014-0008.
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Abstract The author discusses issues of sustainable development in rural areas in Poland from the perspective of natural resources management. Sustainable development of rural areas is the way of managing which links economic, social and ethical principles with ecological safety. This may be reached by proper management, directed on cautious usage of ecosystems’ self-controlling mechanisms, with the progress of science and technology. Agriculture in Poland is one of the most important sectors from an economic perspective and its importance is greater in Poland than in other countries in the EU. It has an influence not only on the social and economic situation of the rural population, but also on the natural environment, structure of landscape and biodiversity. From ecological point of view, functions of rural areas are not only being a place for production of food, resources for industry and green energy, but also supplying environmental goods such as protection of biodiversity and influencing air and water quality as well as landscape. The author presents ways to reduce the pressure of agricultural activities on water resources in the region, catchment and farm scale
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Morkovina, Svetlana, Ekaterina Panyavina, I. Shanin, and Irina Avdeeva. "ECONOMIC ASPECTS OF THE ORGANIZATION OF CARBON FARMS ON FOREST SITE." Actual directions of scientific researches of the XXI century: theory and practice 9, no. 1 (February 2, 2021): 17–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.34220/2308-8877-2021-9-1-17-25.
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The article considers the possibilities of developing forest entrepreneurship through expanding the range of ecosystem services and organizing sequestration Inustry on forest lands. The new type of forest management is based on the ability to balance carbon dioxide emissions into the atmosphere. The economic aspects of creating and using forest carbon farms are considered. To determine the standard costs for creating poplar and pine carbon plantations, the standard method was used. Creating carbon farms on forest land is a costly process, but carbon storage activities can bring numerous economic and environmental effects in addition to maintaining the carbon balance. The cost of creating one hectare of forest carbon farm is from 262 to 304 thousand rubles, while the economic effect of their use can significantly exceed the investment. The first stage in the organization of carbon farms should be the creation of test plantations-carbon polygons. It is proved that the necessary resources and prerequisites are available for the implementation of the actual practice-oriented task of creating carbon polygons in the Voronezh region.
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Gunnarsson, Stefan, Katarina Arvidsson Segerkvist, Torun Wallgren, Helena Hansson, and Ulf Sonesson. "A Systematic Mapping of Research on Sustainability Dimensions at Farm-level in Pig Production." Sustainability 12, no. 11 (May 26, 2020): 4352. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12114352.
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We systematically mapped the scientific literature on the sustainability of pig production at farm-level. Sustainability was considered holistically, covering its economic, environmental, and social dimensions, each consisting of a broad range of different aspects that may contradict or reinforce each other. Literature published between January 2000 and March 2020 with a geographical focus on Europe, North America, Australia, and New Zealand was included. A standard template with predefined keywords was used to summarise aspects of each sustainability dimension covered in identified papers. We found that papers analysing environmental sustainability were more frequent than papers analysing economic or social sustainability. However, there are many different aspects within each dimension of sustainability, hampering comparisons between studies. In addition, each dimension of sustainability has many sides, making it difficult to compare different studies, and different dimensions and aspects may have complex interrelations. Our systematic literature review revealed that these interrelations are not well understood and that possible trade-offs or synergies between different aspects of sustainability dimensions remain unidentified. This systematic mapping of the current literature on farm-level sustainability in pig production can support a more informed discussion on knowledge gaps and help prioritise future research at farm-level to enhance sustainability in pig production.
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Agus, Cahyono, Pita Asih Bekti Cahyanti, Bambang Suhartanto, and Pipit Noviyani. "Organic Waste Management and Integrated Bio-Cycle Farming System for Sustainable Development in Tropical Ecosystem." Applied Mechanics and Materials 898 (May 2020): 45–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.898.45.
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The tropical ecosystem had high biomass productivity but still less in economic values. Integrated Bio-cycle Farming System (IBFS) was an alternative system that harmoniously combines agricultural sectors (agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry, fishery, plantation estate, horticulture) and non-agricultural aspects (industry, household, infrastructure, the marketplace) on integrated ecological management. The key characteristics of IBFS developed in UGM University Farm were (i) an integration of agriculture and non-agriculture sector, (ii) value of environment, esthetics and economics, (iii) rotation and diversity of plants, (iv) artificial and functional biotechnology, (v) management of closed organic cycle, (vi) ecosystem health management, (vii) agropolitan concept, (viii) specific management of plant and (ix) holistic and integrated system. The management of cycle of energy, organic matter and carbon, water, nutrient, production, crop, money conducted through 9R (reuse, reduce, recycle, refill, replace, repair, replant, rebuild, reward) to obtain optimal benefits for global environment and livelihood. The system had a sustainable multifunction and multi-product (food, feed, fuel, fiber, fertilizer, biopharma, water, energy, oxygen, edutainment, eco-tourism). They would meet the expected basic need for daily-, monthly-, yearly- and decade’s income at short-, medium- and long- term periods. IBFS was a good prospect for sustainable economic, environmental, and socio-culture aspects.
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Makaruk, Ihor, Natаlia Tokar, Larysa Filoretova, and Volodymyr Klapchuk. "History of Agriculture of Galicia from the Second Half of 19th to First Third of 20th Centuries." Grassroots Journal of Natural Resources 4, no. 1 (March 25, 2021): 40–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.33002/nr2581.6853.040104.
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From the second half of the 19th century until the beginning of the World War I, there was significant economic advancement in all sectors of farm management in the territory of Galicia (Halychyna), which was under the control of the Austro-Hungarian Empire during that period of history. This paper focuses on the impact of popular scientific extension, one of the key criteria for communicating the latest economic management techniques at that time. This allowed the region, which was significantly behind the other regions within the Austro-Hungarian Empire during that period, to progress economically. There was a breakthrough in methods and approaches to farm management during the studied period. The processes of mechanization, novel tillage techniques and land reclamation were introduced. Agricultural processing industry started to develop intensively. A serious consideration has been given to selective breeding of animals, which had a positive impact on the livestock rearing development. All these aspects have led to a significant improvement in the industry’s performance.
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Pujiharti, Yulia, Oteng Haridjaja, Eriyatno, and I. Wayan Rusastra. "Sustainable Dry Land Management Model on Corn Agribusiness System." Journal of Tropical Soils 13, no. 1 (January 1, 2008): 67–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.5400/jts.2008.v13i1.67-76.
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The study aimed at building model of dry land management. Dynamic System Analysis was used to build model and Powersim 2.51 version for simulating. The parameter used in model were fertilizer (urea, SP-36, ACL), productivity (corn, cassava, mungbean), soil nutrient (N, P, K), crop nutrient requirements (corn, cassava, mungbean, mucuna), price (corn, cassava, mungbeans corn flour, feed, urea, SP-36, KCl), food security credit, area planted of (maize, cassava, mungbean), area harvested of (maize, cassava, mungbean), (corn, cassava, mungbean) production, wages and farmer income. Sustainable indicator for ecology aspect was soil fertility level, economic aspects were productivity and farmer income, and social aspects were job possibility and traditions. The simulation result indicated that sustainable dry land management can improve soil fertility and increase farmer revenue, became sustainable farming system and farmer society. On the other hand, conventional dry land management decreased soil fertility and yield, caused farmer earnings to decrease and a farm activity could not be continued. Fertilizer distribution did not fulfill farmer requirement, which caused fertilizer scarcity. Food security credit increased fertilizer application. Corn was processed to corn flour or feed to give value added.
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Brouk, Micheal J. "110 Managing Feed Efficiency to Improve Dairy Farm Margin." Journal of Animal Science 98, Supplement_3 (November 2, 2020): 20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skaa054.034.
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Abstract Dairy farm margin has continued to be a challenge for the dairy industry. Several years of challenging milk prices with limited relief from high feed costs and increasing production cost have continued to erode the net margin of US dairy farms. As dairy producers continue to operate in a challenging economic environment, discoveries are being made in various farm efficiencies to improve farm margin. Increased management intensity on all aspects of the dairy farm is resulting in the discover of and improvement of many individual efficiency factors. Key areas of economic efficiency include feed, animal reproduction, replacement animals, labor and resource allocation. Often the answer to improved efficiency involves more than just reduced production cost, but also in the improvement of production to reduce the cost per unit of milk produced. Identifying and focusing on the important factors that can improve overall farm efficiency will enable producers to weather the economic challenges. For dairy producers, one of the complications is the biology of the dairy cow and understanding how to utilize the biology correctly for improved efficiency of milk production. Improved efficiency of milk production requires attention to details in many areas of the dairy. Identifying the correct areas of deficiencies, establishing corrective plans of action and then careful evaluation of the impact of changes are all key to the overall success of improving dairy farm margins and efficiencies.
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Capra, Antonino, Simona Consoli, and Baldassare Scicolone. "WATER MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES UNDER DEFICIT IRRIGATION." Journal of Agricultural Engineering 39, no. 4 (December 31, 2008): 27. http://dx.doi.org/10.4081/jae.2008.4.27.
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Deficit irrigation (DI) is an optimization strategy whereby net returns are maximized by reducing the amount of irrigation water; crops are deliberated allowed to sustain some degree of water deficit and yield reduction. Although the DI strategy dates back to the 1970s, this technique is not usually adopted as a practical alternative to full irrigation by either academics or practitioners. Furthermore, there is a certain amount of confusion regarding its concept. In fact, a review of recent literature dealing with DI has shown that only a few papers use the concept of DI in its complete sense (e.g. both the agronomic and economic aspects). A number of papers only deal with the physiological and agronomical aspects of DI or concern techniques such as Regulated Deficit Irrigation (RDI) and Partial Root Drying (PRD). The paper includes two main parts: i) a review of the principal water management strategies under deficit conditions (e.g. conventional DI, RDI and PRD); and ii) a description of a recent experimental research conducted by the authors in Sicily (Italy) that integrates agronomic, engineering and economic aspects of DI at farm level. Most of the literature reviewed here showed, in general, quite positive effects from DI application, mostly evidenced when the economics of DI is included in the research approach. With regard to the agronomic effects, total fresh mass and total production is generally reduced under DI, whereas the effects on dry matter and product quality are positive, mainly in crops for which excessive soil water availability can cause significant reductions in fruit size, colour or composition (grapes, tomatoes, mangos, etc.). The experimental trial on a lettuce crop in Sicily, during 2005 and 2006, shows that the highest mean marketable yield of lettuce (55.3 t ha-1 in 2005 and 51.9 t ha-1 in 2006) was recorded in plots which received 100% of ET0-PM (reference evapotranspiration by the Penman- Monteith method) applied water. In the land-limiting case, the estimated optimal economic levels were quite similar to the optimal agronomic levels. In the waterlimiting case DI ranges, at least as profitable as full irrigation, were of 17-49% ET0-PM and of 71-90% ET0-PM in 2005 and 2006 respectively.
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Johnson, Rachel J., Damona Doye, David L. Lalman, Derrell S. Peel, Kellie Curry Raper, and Chanjin Chung. "Factors Affecting Adoption of Recommended Management Practices in Stocker Cattle Production." Journal of Agricultural and Applied Economics 42, no. 1 (February 2010): 15–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1074070800003266.
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Binary logit regression models were used to estimate factors affecting adoption of recommended management practices. Variables analyzed include aspects of farm structure, human capital, farm objectives, and production system employed by the producer. Results reveal that operation size and dependency upon income from the stocker operation, in particular, influence the adoption of recommended practices. Older producers and those pursuing a year-round production strategy were found to lag in adoption.
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BLUFFSTONE, RANDALL, MARCO BOSCOLO, and RAMIRO MOLINA. "Does better common property forest management promote behavioral change? On-farm tree planting in the Bolivian Andes." Environment and Development Economics 13, no. 2 (April 2008): 137–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1355770x07004044.
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ABSTRACTThis paper analyzes behavioral change spurred by better common property forest management (CPFM), with a focus on on-farm tree planting. Results from our theoretical household model suggest that on-farm trees, which provide products that can substitute for those from common forests, should be stimulated by better CPFM systems. We test this finding using data from a household survey conducted in the Bolivian Andes in 2000. We find that better CPFM at its highest level of aggregation is positively correlated with more and higher quality on-farm trees. In terms of less aggregated indices, relatively few variables are significant, though two particularly important aspects of forest property rights – access clarity and the existence of formal penalties for overuse – actually reduce on-farm tree planting. We therefore conclude that in general synergies between individual CPFM components are most critical for behavioral change, but improvement of property rights aspects of CPFM may give counter-intuitive results.
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Kulshreshtha, Suren. "Integrated Economic and Environmental Assessment of Nitrogenous Fertilizer Application in Canadian Prairies." Journal of Agriculture and Environment 11 (September 16, 2010): 70–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/aej.v11i0.3654.
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Adoption of mitigation measures to reduce greenhouse gas emissions may affect other members of the society, producing a situation of trade-offs. In this study, such a trade-off is has been analyzed using three aspects of the Canadian society: producers (farm level adopter), environment (through reduction in the GHG emissions),; and regional economy (including rest of the society through lost / gained economic activities). The nutrient management strategy involving the switching nitrogen fertilizer application from a combination of fall and spring application to a 100 percent spring application. Results suggest that the adoption of such a measure creates a 'win-win' situation, being both environmentally and economically desirable. Under the scenario, fertilizer expenditures decreased by $43 million (giving rise to an equivalent increase in farm income), GHG emissions (in CO2E) by 2.15 percent of the 2000 level of emissions, Canadian economy as a whole showed improvements, although on a regional basis the results were mixed.Key words: Canadian prairie agriculture; Greenhouse gases; Mitigation; Nitrogen fertilizer Use; Trade-off analysisThe Journal of AGRICULTURE AND ENVIRONMENT Vol. 11, 2010Page: 70-82Uploaded date: 15 Septembre, 2010
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Gunnarsson, Stefan, Katarina Arvidsson Segerkvist, Lina Göransson, Helena Hansson, and Ulf Sonesson. "Systematic Mapping of Research on Farm-Level Sustainability in Egg and Chicken Meat Production." Sustainability 12, no. 7 (April 10, 2020): 3033. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12073033.
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The sustainability of future poultry production needs to be improved in order to meet global challenges. The global chicken population has expanded significantly in recent decades, due to increased human demand for eggs and chicken meat. Therefore, it is critically important to mitigate challenges to the sustainability of modern poultry production, such as pollution, the depletion of finite natural resources and animal welfare issues. This study systematically mapped the scientific literature on farm-level sustainability in egg and chicken meat production. The concept of sustainability was considered holistically, covering its economic, environmental and social dimensions, each consisting of a broad range of different aspects that may contradict or reinforce each other. The literature published between January 2000 and March 2020 with a geographical focus on Europe, North America and Australia–New Zealand, were included. The literature search resulted in a total of 428 hits, but after the exclusion of articles that did not match the scope of the study, only 26 papers remained for the systematic mapping. Of these, only three papers covered all three dimensions of sustainability. Aspects of economic sustainability were addressed in 10 papers, aspects of environmental sustainability in 18 papers, and aspects of social sustainability in 23 papers. The findings in this study are an important foundation for the discussion and prioritisation of future actions to increase knowledge of farm-level sustainability in egg and chicken meat production.
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Leyva, Doris, Mayra De la Torre, and Yaxk’in Coronado. "Sustainability of the Agricultural Systems of Indigenous People in Hidalgo, Mexico." Sustainability 13, no. 14 (July 20, 2021): 8075. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13148075.
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Agricultural sustainability depends on complex relationships between environmental, economic, and social aspects, especially with small farm holders from indigenous communities. This work was centered on two municipalities of Hidalgo State in Mexico, Ixmiquilpan (mainly irrigated systems) and El Cardonal (rainfed systems). Our objective was to understand the relationships between the small farm holders and their agricultural systems. We evaluated the sustainability of their agricultural systems and made some recommendations. We applied the Framework for the Evaluation of Management Systems using Indicators (MESMIS, Spanish acronym); thirty-one indicators were identified, and quantitative indexes were established to assess the sustainability. The results showed that adaptability was a critical factor for irrigated and rainfed systems, and the main problem identified was youth migration. Additionally, the access to water and economic resources and the management of environmental resources are necessary in order to increase the yield of agricultural crops. Therefore, a holistic approach that considers the organization of small producers and synergy between indigenous knowledge and modern technologies is required for the territorial development of the communities.
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Ohe, Yasuo. "Educational tourism in agriculture and identity of farm successors." Tourism Economics 24, no. 2 (September 4, 2017): 167–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1354816617729021.
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Although farm visiting is gaining popularity as a type of experience-oriented tourism, the economic viability of this emerging service has not been fully established. To make it viable, it is not enough to approach educational tourism solely from a technical viewpoint, we also need to approach it from the aspect of the operator’s identity, a factor that has not been addressed fully in the arena of either rural tourism or tourism economics. Thus, by presenting a conceptual economic framework that explains the connection between a farmer’s identity and the level of diversified activity including tourism, this article has evaluated, based on a questionnaire survey of next-generation successors working on-farm at Educational Dairy Farms in Japan, the hypothesis that those farmers who have enlarged their identity will be able to successfully develop diversified activities. The results clarify factors that lead to enlarged identity, including formation of both a wider perspective and more extensive human networks from social learning opportunities, and female initiative within the activity. In this context, the issue of identity formation should be properly positioned in the field of innovation-oriented capability building of farm management.
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Jaros, Henryk. "The public and economic aspects of the functioning of protected areas within a commune." Miscellanea Geographica 19, no. 1 (March 1, 2015): 24–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/mgrsd-2014-0032.
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Abstract Between 2009 and 2013, research was conducted in the commune offices for the Podlaskie voivodeship which have large areas of protected Natura 2000 sites. The research is repeated every few years and widened to include new communes. The aim of the research was to determine the influence of the protected areas on the economic conditions of the communes. It is widely assumed that protected areas generate income for communes, however the communes claim that they incur large additional costs. The surveyed communes were critical of obligatory legal requirements in relation to the protected areas. It was argued that there are problems with obtaining natural resources and with the establishment of new summer resorts, residential and farm buildings and infrastructure; as well as the use and management of the site. The communes’ benefits incidental to the ownership of the protected area are not clear. As part of the benefits, the protected areas offer an opportunity for tourism development. According to the communes, protected areas generate losses in which the estimated losses are several times higher than the potential income. Studies indicate that the conservation cost factor should be considered in terms of financing the communes from the state budget.
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Akyuz, E., Z. Oktay, and I. Dincer. "The techno-economic and environmental aspects of a hybrid PV-diesel-battery power system for remote farm houses." International Journal of Global Warming 1, no. 1/2/3 (2009): 392. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijgw.2009.027101.
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Nihayatu Aslamatis Solekah and Ulfi Kartika Oktaviana. "Penguatan Pengelolaan Ternak Wakaf Hibah Produktif melalui Fermentasi Pakan Ternak sebagai Alternatif Pemberdayaan Santri menuju Pesantren Yatim yang Mandiri." Engagement : Jurnal Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat 1, no. 2 (November 30, 2017): 170–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.29062/engagement.v1i2.13.
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Strengthening of productive wakaf livestock management on Himmatun ayat foundation in the form of goat farming which originally amounted to 31 tail to 80 tails and 2 cattle, given the geographical condition of the cracked city that the land is limestone, the main problem is the availability of feed. Because the managers are orphaned students themselves then the initial get goat grant, a lot of goats are dead. The problem is quite serious is during the rainy season lack of supply of animal feed. In the dry season orphaned santri living herding goats in rain-fed rice fields that are not cultivated because it is a rain-fed rice field. Goat and cattle feed in the rainy season is a fermentation of mixed kale leaves, bran and yeast. So there is a symbiosis of mutualism in which the survival of orphaned santri is dependent on the productive grant of goats as well as vice versa. Some potentials that can be empowered to benefit from the social, economic and environmental aspects (1) It is necessary to analyze the feasibility level of goat farm management, especially the fulfillment of animal feed for productive grants, so that the farm will continue to grow so that the boarding school can be independent from the aspect of fulfilling the needs of the orphans living in the pesantren. (2) The need for fermented animal wakaf fermentation training for orphan students so as to create the fulfillment of animal wakaf feed throughout the year. (3) The need for assistance in the management of endowment grants productive goat farming, especially aspects of marketing and human resources aspects so that it will form the spirit of entrepreneurship orphan students to independently manage wakaf productive grant goat and cattle farms.
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Malak-Rawlikowska, Agata, Monika Gębska, Robert Hoste, Christine Leeb, Claudio Montanari, Michael Wallace, and Kees de Roest. "Developing a Methodology for Aggregated Assessment of the Economic Sustainability of Pig Farms." Energies 14, no. 6 (March 22, 2021): 1760. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14061760.
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The economic sustainability of agricultural production is a crucial concern for most farmers, especially for pig producers who face dynamic changes in the market. Approaches for economic sustainability assessment found in the literature are mainly focused on the short-term economic viability of the farm and rarely take a long-term perspective. In this paper, we propose and test a new, innovative assessment and aggregation method, which brings about a broader view on more long-term aspects of economic sustainability. This wider view on economic sustainability, in addition to classical concepts such as technical efficiency, labor productivity, and farm profitability, incorporates the assessment of the levels of entrepreneurship, risk management, and the resilience of the invested resources. All indicators were scaled and aggregated using scaling and weighting procedures proposed by experts into subthemes and themes. The methodology was tested on a sample of 131 pig farms located in 6 EU countries: Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, Poland, Finland, and Austria. We hypothesized that closed-cycle farms might be economically more sustainable than those farms that are specialized in pig breeding or finishing. The results showed that closed-cycle farms do indeed have advantages in terms of raising healthy animals and having slightly better overall resilience of resources, however specialized breeding and finishing farms appeared to be more sustainable in the areas of profitability, risk management, and reproductive efficiency. Our approach supports evidence-based economic sustainability assessments of pig farms and provides a tool that can be used for economic sustainability improvement strategies for farms.
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Wang, G. L., Y. L. Ye, X. P. Chen, and Z. L. Cui. "Determining the optimal nitrogen rate for summer maize in China by integrating agronomic, economic, and environmental aspects." Biogeosciences Discussions 11, no. 2 (February 14, 2014): 2639–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bgd-11-2639-2014.
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Abstract. The concept of high yield with a goal of minimum environmental cost has become widely accepted. However, the trade-offs and complex linkages among agronomic, economic, and environmental factors are not yet well understood. In this study, reactive nitrogen (Nr) losses were estimated using an empirical model, and an economic indicator and an evaluation model were used to account for the environmental costs of different Nr losses after N fertilizer application. The minimum N rate to achieve the maximum yield benefit (agronomically optimal N rate), maximum economic benefit (economically optimal N rate: economic benefit was defined as yield benefit minus N fertilizer cost), and maximum net benefit (ecologically optimal N rate: net benefit was defined as yield benefit minus N fertilizer and environmental costs) were estimated based on 91 on-farm experiment sites with five N levels for summer maize production on the North China Plain. Across all experimental sites, the agronomically, economically, and ecologically optimal N rates (Nagr, Neco, and Necl, respectively) averaged 289, 237, and 186 kg N ha−1, respectively. Necl management increased net benefit by 31% with a 45% decrease in Nr loss intensity (44%, 60%, and 33% for N2O emission, N leaching, and NH3 volatilization, respectively) and maintained grain yield, compared to Nagr management. Compared to Neco management, Necl increased net benefit by 6%, with a 27% decrease in Nr loss intensity, and maintained economic benefit and grain yield. No differences in Necl were observed between soil types or years, but significant variation among counties was revealed. Necl increased with the increase in N-derived yield with an R2 of 0.80. In conclusion, Necl was primarily affected by N-derived yield and could enhance profitability as well as reduce Nr losses associated with the maize grain yield.
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Săplăcan, Silviu Ilie, and Ramona Lile. "Diagnostic Management - Method of Increasing the Potential of Research and Development Station for Cattle From Arad." International conference KNOWLEDGE-BASED ORGANIZATION 23, no. 1 (June 20, 2017): 452–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/kbo-2017-0074.
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AbstractResearch and Development Station for Cattle Arad is a public institution of national interest and its main activity is research and development in biotechnology and livestock breeding. The purpose of this paper is to analyze and improve through recommendations, the management applied on the livestock-breeding farm from the station. We are showing at first glance, the following important aspects: methods and techniques used by senior management and livestock at the farm are not up-to-date both morally and technology, which are also partly used. The station has a hierarchical - functional organizational, but nevertheless, the information system is underdeveloped. Also using such authoritarian management style promotes cooperation resort management, consulting and delegation between the chambers, but in a way inefficient. The role and the performance of the management system of the breeding farm is a decisional component with a privileged role. No other element of the resort management has a specificity so obvious and so great of an impact on all plans and performance results. The strengths and weaknesses of an institution of this kind are described in the literature that we use to test, draw and make recommendations for the future growth potential of the station, both in terms of managerial, economic -financial and in terms of the quality of work processes and finished products. To achieve a practical study, we present the relevant results after applying the latest technology management, reporting and decision-making for some time on senior management, livestock breeding management and on cooperation between these compartments.
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Gunnarsson, Stefan, Katarina Arvidsson Segerkvist, Torun Wallgren, Per Hjelmstedt, Ulf Sonesson, and Helena Hansson. "Systematic Mapping of Research on Farm-Level Sustainability in Finfish Aquaculture." Sustainability 12, no. 23 (November 29, 2020): 9985. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12239985.
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The sustainability of future finfish aquaculture needs to be improved to meet global environmental challenges. Global fish aquaculture production has expanded significantly recently, due to the increased demand for fish for human consumption. Therefore, it is important to mitigate challenges to the sustainability of the sector, such as pollution and depletion of natural resources. In this study, we systematically mapped the scientific literature on farm-level sustainability in fish aquaculture. The concept of sustainability was considered holistically, covering its economic, environmental and social dimensions, each consisting of a range of different aspects that may contradict or reinforce each other. Literature published between January 2000 and August 2020 with the geographical focus on Europe, Northern America and Australia–New Zealand was included. The search resulted in a total of 287 hits, but after the exclusion of articles that did not match the scope, only 17 papers remained for the systematic mapping. Of these, five papers covered all three dimensions of sustainability. Economic sustainability was addressed in 10 papers, environmental sustainability in 13 papers and social sustainability in 12 papers. This systematic mapping provides an important foundation for discussions and prioritisations of future actions to increase knowledge on farm-level sustainability in finfish aquaculture.
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Lynch, Derek H., Rupert W. Jannasch, Alan H. Fredeen, and Ralph C. Martin. "Improving the nutrient status of a commercial dairy farm: An integrated approach." American Journal of Alternative Agriculture 18, no. 3 (September 2003): 137–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/ajaa200344.
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AbstractMinimizing nutrient surpluses and improving efficiency of nutrient use are key challenges for all dairy farming production systems, driven by economic, environmental and increasing regulatory constraints. Our study examined the efficiency of N, P and K use on a commercial dairy farm through an integrated approach that evaluated the nutrient status of all aspects of the production system of the case-study farm, a 75 lactating Holstein cow dairy in Kings County, Nova Scotia, Canada. During the decade after 1988, the farm owner implemented a series of changes in production practices, including diversification of the crop rotation, implementation of a management intensive grazing (MIG) regime and adoption of a systematic approach to soil and nutrient management. Milk production, and associated farm exports of N, P and K, increased by 666 kg cow−1 between 1990 and 2000. Purchases of N-P-K fertilizers were eliminated in 1990 and feed nutrient imports were dramatically reduced. Feed costs per liter of milk declined from 14.3 cents (CDN) liter−1 in 1990–92 to 11.6 cents liter−1 in 1998–2000, even as feed prices increased regionally by 10–20% over the same period. Modeling of current whole farm mass N, P and K balance indicated that 25.0% of all N inputs are recovered inform products, milk and meat. Non-legume-derived field N input (67kg Nha−1 before losses) was close to optimum for the predominantly legume/grass-based forage cropping system. Model-determined annual farm nutrient surpluses (outputs-inputs) for P (9.0kgha−1 yr−1) and K (8.2 kg ha−1 yr−1) were significantly lower than those previously reported for regional confinement-based dairy farms, which were more reliant on corn production. However, data from 16 years of soil analysis (1985–2001) indicated an increase in soil-test P levels of approximately 2 mg kg−1 yr−1. Recent refinements in dairy animal dietary P levels have further reduced the farm P surplus (2.6 kg ha−1 in year 2001) and are shown as key to a strategy for reversal of the trend in soil-test P levels. In summary, the combined approach of whole-farm system nutrient management, crop diversification and MIG increased milk production and minimized costs while reducing farm nutrient inputs. The study demonstrates how an approach to dairy farm nutrient management which integrates livestock and crop nutrient requirements may reduce dairy farm nutrient loading while maintaining productivity.
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Wang, G. L., Y. L. Ye, X. P. Chen, and Z. L. Cui. "Determining the optimal nitrogen rate for summer maize in China by integrating agronomic, economic, and environmental aspects." Biogeosciences 11, no. 11 (June 11, 2014): 3031–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-3031-2014.
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Abstract. The concept of high yield with a goal of minimum environmental cost has become widely accepted. However, the trade-offs and complex linkages among agronomic, economic, and environmental factors are not yet well understood. In this study, reactive nitrogen (Nr) losses were estimated using an empirical model, and an economic indicator and an evaluation model were used to account for the environmental costs of N fertilizer production and use. The minimum N rate to achieve the maximum yield benefit (agronomically optimal N rate), maximum economic benefit (economically optimal N rate: economic benefit was defined as yield benefit minus N fertilizer cost), and maximum net benefit (ecologically optimal N rate: net benefit was defined as yield benefit minus N fertilizer and environmental costs) were estimated based on 91 on-farm experiment sites with five N levels for summer maize production on the North China Plain. Across all experimental sites, the agronomically, economically, and ecologically optimal N rates (Nagr, Neco, and Necl, respectively) averaged 289, 237, and 171 kg N ha−1, respectively. Necl management increased net benefit by 53% with a 46% decrease in total environmental costs, and a 51% decrease in Nr loss intensity from N fertilizer use (47, 65, and 38% for N2O emission, N leaching, and NH3 volatilization, respectively) and maintained grain yield, compared with Nagr management. Compared with Neco management, Necl increased net benefit by 12%, with a 31% decrease in total environmental costs and a 33% decrease in Nr loss intensity from N fertilizer use, and maintained economic benefit and grain yield. No differences in Necl were observed between soil types or years, but significant variation among counties was revealed. Necl increased with the increase in N-derived yield with an R2 of 0.83. In conclusion, Necl was primarily affected by N-derived yield and could enhance profitability as well as reduce Nr losses associated with the maize grain yield.
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Evangelista, Chiara, Loredana Basiricò, and Umberto Bernabucci. "An Overview on the Use of Near Infrared Spectroscopy (NIRS) on Farms for the Management of Dairy Cows." Agriculture 11, no. 4 (March 30, 2021): 296. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture11040296.
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Dairy farming is increasingly affected by the digital revolution. To respond to current challenges—such as environmental, economic, and social sustainability—new technologies must be adopted, entering the perspective of precision livestock farming. This is made possible by the development of countless sensors to be adopted in the barn. The technology that is affecting various aspects of dairy cattle breeding is certainly near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) which is versatile and can be used online/inline to evaluate and control the critical points of the production process by entering the PAT (process analytical technology). In the barn, NIRS currently can obtain information on the chemical-physical composition of raw materials, total mixed ration (TMR), feces and digestibility, chemical and technological analysis of milk. All this in a short time by eliminating the waiting times for analysis response and costs, allowing an improvement of livestock management. Many studies affirm the validity of NIRS as a reliable and predictive technology against multiple relevant parameters in matrices such as raw feed, TMR, feces, and milk. This review highlights the usefulness of NIRS technology in dairy farm with particular attention to portable instrumentation usable directly on the farm.
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Petrushenko, Yuriy M., Oksana S. Ponomarenko, Lída Böhmová, Olena V. Bykhovets, and Liubov V. Kotiuk. "The Impact of Socio-economic Factors on the Management of Agro-cooperatives in Local Communities." Mechanism of an Economic Regulation, no. 3 (2019): 28–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.21272/mer.2019.85.03.
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The development of entrepreneurial initiatives in the form of agro-cooperatives can be a perspective way for the community to develop through the formation of active civil awareness of the population, to create new jobs, to improve the local infrastructure and to find additional investments. The research aimed at examining structure and factors which influenced cooperatives management in Sumy region. Questionnaires were administered in 5 cooperatives to 19 members. Multiple regression and correlation analyses were performed to identify factors believed to influence cooperatives’ management as well as to examine the degree of association between farm-specific and socio-economic variables. To evaluate the importance of cooperatives for its members and management, such a resulted factor, as “receiving a better price as a member of cooperative” was chosen. Results indicate that a significant factor on perception to receive a better price as a member of the agricultural cooperative was age with the effect of the coefficient been about 4.1 %. Factors such as gender, education, farm size and ways to resolve conflict situations in the agro-cooperative turned out to be statistically insignificant. The purpose of this research mini-paper is to study certain aspects of the cooperative movement in Ukraine and the Sumy region. The object of research is to identify the extent to which various factors influence the activities of cooperatives. The theoretical and methodological basis of the research reported in the research mini-paper were the main provisions of national scientists and development and international experience problems with cooperation, theory, and practice of marketing, personal assessment of the authors. People with a higher level of education better evaluated the importance of cooperative for the local community. However overall local’s vision of the cooperative movement is positive and most of the respondents would like to have more cooperatives in their villages. It was founded, that the lack of information about cooperative movement which resulted in the low interest of low people in joining cooperatives. In light of the above, creating more awareness of the cooperative movement in the local communities could be a way to involve the youth to participate in the cooperative movement. Key words: socio-economic development, local communities, agricultural cooperatives, management, regional development.
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Munguti, Jonathan, K. Obiero, H. Odame, J. Kirimi, D. Kyule, J. Ani, and D. Liti. "Key limitations of fish feeds, feed management practices, and opportunities in Kenya’s aquaculture enterprise." African Journal of Food, Agriculture, Nutrition and Development 21, no. 02 (March 24, 2021): 17415–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.18697/ajfand.97.20455.
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Profitability is key in fish farming, just as it is to any other enterprise. For the farmers to actualize high-profit margins, it is imperative to have access to well-balanced nutritive and cost-effective feeds, backed by sound on-farm feed management practices. This paper auditsKenya’sfish feed industry and the on-going on-farm feed management practices, and emerging opportunities for fish farmers. The development of fish feed quality standards has boosted the aquaculture sector in Kenya, providing them hope that farmers will access high quality fish feeds. Much of the fish feed currently being used in Kenya is produced on-farm or by small-scale fish feed manufacturers within the East African region, while a few are imported directly from overseas countries, notably Israel, Netherlands, Mauritius and Denmark. Fish feeds produced by small-scale manufacturers are not closely monitored by quality standard agencies and not surprising that a majority are of poor quality. The improvement in the quality of these feeds is likely to lead to increased productivity and profitability because they are cheaper and readily available to fish farmers, compared to imported fish feeds. Besides feed quality, feed management practices markedly impact both the growth and economic performance of fish production. Adopting appropriate feed management strategies, therefore, is instrumental in the maximization of fish production and economic returns. Research has demonstrated several strategies for best feed management practices, which have not hitherto, been adopted by fish farmers in Kenya. Farmers have mainly focused on the mode of delivery of feeds to the fish. Furthermore, promoting natural pond productivity and supplementary feeding is still a common practice in the East African region. Provision of species-specific feeds and targeting the nutritional requirements of the different life stages of fish is still a major issue, although some local companies like Unga Farm Care(EA)have come up with a size and species-specific feed for catfish such as Fugro catfish®.To improve access to such information,public-private partnerships should be developed and, programmes that utilize the local media platforms such as extension service outlets must also be encouraged. Feed quality checks can also be carried out amongst fish feed suppliers. Lastly, farmers should be trained in various fish feed aspects like formulation, transportation and storage to sustain a steady fishfeed supply andsave on associated feed costs.
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Pranadji, Tri. "Strategi Pengembangan Teknologi Usahatani Konservasi untuk Pembangunan Pedesaan Berkelanjutan: Tinjauan untuk Mengatasi Kegagalan Adopsi Teknologi Usahatani Konservasi di Daerah Perbukitan." Forum penelitian Agro Ekonomi 22, no. 2 (August 18, 2016): 113. http://dx.doi.org/10.21082/fae.v22n2.2004.113-125.
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<strong>English</strong><br />Environmental degradation, especially upland area agro ecosystem, is a serious threat to both current and future generations. Failure of conservation farm management technology development in upland rural areas is the breakdown of environmental improvement. This is an incoming danger to overall people especially those in rural areas. This paper describes strategy to develop conservation farm management technology for sustainable rural development. Through agriculture industrialization strategy based on sustainable rural development, it is expected that development of conservation farm management will be successful. Strategy of the technology development needs to consider some aspects, such as producing high value-added agricultural products and environmental services, conducive to local capital resources and economic development, favorable to young rural labor, encouraging modern farm management innovation, and contributing to established agribusiness organization and institution.<br /><br /><br /><strong>Indonesian</strong><br />Kerusakan lingkungan, khususnya agroekosistem kawasan perbukitan (upland area) harus dipandang sebagai ancaman serius bagi kehidupan masa kini dan terutama bagi generasi mendatang. Gagalnya pengembangan teknologi usahatani konservasi di pedesaan lahan kering perbukitan dan dataran tinggi dapat dipandang sebagai bobolnya upaya perbaikan lingkungan dan khususnya kawasan perbukitan. Hal ini dapat dimaknai sebagai semakin mendekatnya ancaman terhadap kehidupan masyarakat secara keseluruhan, terutama masyarakat pedesaan. Tulisan ini berupaya merumuskan strategi pengembangan teknologi usahatani konservasi untuk pembangunan pedesaan berkelanjutan. Dengan strategi industrialisasi pertanian dalam bingkai pembangunan pedesaan berkelanjutan, pengembangan teknologi usahatani konservasi diharapkan akan mencapai hasil yang lebih baik. Strategi pengembangan teknologi tersebut perlu memperhatikan berbagai aspek yaitu diarahkan untuk menghasilkan produk pertanian dan jasa lingkungan yang bernilai tambah tinggi, kondusif terhadap tenaga kerja muda pedesaan, kondusif terhadap sumberdaya kapital dan pengembangan ekonomi setempat, kondusif terhadap inovasi usahatani mutakhir, serta terbangunnya keorganisasian dan kelembagaan bisnis pertanian.
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Ungureanu, George, Gabriela Ignat, Eduard Boghita, Luiza Costuleanu, Catalin Razvan Vintu, Dan Bodescu, and Costel Bejinariu. "Good Management Practices in Managing the Most Important Factors to Ensure Dureble Soil Quality." Revista de Chimie 68, no. 10 (November 15, 2017): 2350–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.37358/rc.17.10.5884.
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The importance of sustainable development has started to be acknowledged in Romania as well, once the various pollution sources and the restrictions affecting industrial and agricultural pollution were identified, from an economic and ecological standpoint. Sustainable development represents the need of raising awareness about environmental protection and educating people, and this aspect is reflected by the evolution of communal policies in recent years, policies marked by a shift from an approach based on constraints and sanctions to a higher level of flexibility, based on incentives. The purpose of this paper is to make a recommendation for improving existing policy by making an assessment of economic incentives in order to stimulate farmers to adopt sustainable farming systems of a viable, sustainable agriculture, capable to apply the newest technologies and lead to profit and efficiency, to the economical and organizational consolidation. To analyse the effects of different zone packages on income of farmers and the environment a linear programming model is developed for a typical, 192 ha mixed farm in the Iasi region plain pilot area. The major activities of the farm is keeping dairy cattle, growing fodder (grass, alfalfa, silage maize) and cash crops (winter wheat and maize).
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Pepko, V. O., T. A. Velesik, R. M. Sachuk, Yu M. Mandigra, and S. V. Zhigalyuk. "Zoohygienic and economic aspects of construction and operation of the average complex for the conservation of wild haves." Ukrainian Journal of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences 2, no. 2 (December 3, 2019): 37–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.32718/ujvas2-2.08.
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The formation and development of a market-based management system for hunting in Ukraine require fundamentally new approaches to the organization of business management. The practical implementation of any commercial project is significantly complicated without a previously developed zoo-hygienically and economically sound business plan. The purpose of the study was to improve measures for the organization and operation of the aviary complex for the maintenance and breeding of wild ungulates. The work used sanitary-hygienic methods of scientific research, in addition applied theoretical analysis of scientific literary sources, synthesis, generalization, comparison, concretization. According to the results of the research on the basis of zoohygienic norms and economic calculations, the project of organization and development of the aviation complex “Hunting farm “Polisske-Sarny” is located near the village. Terrible of Sarnensky District on the lands of the State Forest Fund of Strashevsky Forestry of SE Sarnenskoye Forestry. The area of the enclosure is 146.7 ha, which is divided into 4 contours to hold the fallow deer, red deer, wild boar and European mouflon. Proposed measures for construction and operation of the aviary complex for keeping wild ungulates (fallow deer and mouflon European, as well as wild boar and red deer), owned by the Polisske-Sarny Hunting Enterprise. The total amount of capital investments for the creation of a cage for the maintenance of wild animals, including the cost of construction, purchase of livestock breeders is from 1337.1 thousand UAH. Due to the sale of animals to other farms, you can receive from 280–320 thousand UAH income per year. Taking into account the initial investments for the establishment of the aviary complex, the payback period is 3 years.
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Rodríguez Sousa, Antonio Alberto, Carlos Parra-López, Samir Sayadi-Gmada, Jesús M. Barandica, and Alejandro J. Rescia. "Evaluation of the Objectives and Concerns of Farmers to Apply Different Agricultural Managements in Olive Groves: The Case of Estepa Region (Southern, Spain)." Land 9, no. 10 (October 1, 2020): 366. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land9100366.
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Olive groves are representative of the landscape and culture of Spain. They occupy 2.5 M ha (1.5 M ha in Andalusia) and are characterised by their multifunctionality. In recent years, socio-economic and environmental factors (i.e., erosion) have compromised their sustainability, leading farmers to abandon their farms or intensify their management. The main objective/purpose of this research was to study the drivers and concerns that condition farmers’ choice of a given olive grove management model. Taking the Estepa region as a case study (Andalusia, Spain), surveys were conducted among farmers with integrated and organic managed olive groves. The socio-economic aspects were the main objectives and concerns of the farmers with integrated olive groves. In the case of farmers with organic management, conservation objectives prevailed, and their concerns were oriented to environmental threats. The education level was a key factor in the adoption of given farm management, as it increased the level of environmental awareness. In the context of multifunctional agriculture, it would be desirable to increase this awareness of the environmental threats against olive groves, in order to provide incentives for the implementation of agri-environmental practices that would enhance the sustainability of these systems.
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Sherman, Jennifer, and David H. Gent. "Concepts of Sustainability, Motivations for Pest Management Approaches, and Implications for Communicating Change." Plant Disease 98, no. 8 (August 2014): 1024–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-03-14-0313-fe.
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Impact and relevance are valued by both plant pathologists and the supporters of research and extension. Impact has been characterized as the “So what?” of research results, and in applied research in agriculture typically involves some change in human behavior. This might involve, for instance, avoidance of broad spectrum pesticides, use of economic thresholds, or adoption of a new cultural practice in disease management. Changes in human behavior often are slow and difficult, even when the potential benefits of change seem clear. Research and extension personnel working with farmers have discussed for decades the apparent slow pace of adoption of integrated pest management (IPM) and other less-pesticide-intensive management practices. The reasons why change is slow are numerous, but one aspect that warrants consideration is how changes in farm practices are communicated to farmers. Effectively communicating changes in pest management practices at the farm level requires a system of research and extension management that differs from that to which most biological scientists are accustomed. What is the motivation for farmers to deviate from historical practices? How persuasive are concepts of environmental sustainability, integrated pest management, risk management, and economic gain in communicating the needs for change? In addressing these questions, it is useful to understand some of the basic determinants of farmers' decision processes and motivations to adopt practices. This article discusses these issues.
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Pokalchuk, M. Yu, and V. S. Suslova. "Legal aspects of activity and development of personal peasant farms in Ukraine: problems and prospects of development." Legal horizons, no. 24 (2020): 53–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.21272/legalhorizons.2020.i24.p53.
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The article is devoted to the analysis of legal aspects and basic principles of activity of personal peasant economy in Ukraine. The efficiency of creating such a form of management is also analyzed and attention is paid to the shortcomings in its legal regulation. Based on the legislative definition of personal economic, the article formulated proposals for the legal regulation of their activities. Peculiarities of the right to use land plots as a basis for personal farming are given. The maximum allowable area of land used by personal farms has been identified. Emphasis is placed on cases of increasing this size from a practical and theoretical point of view. The purpose of this article is to analyze the activities of personal farming. Analyze aspects of land lease, eliminate shortcomings in legislation and make proposals to address issues. The authors concluded why the owners of private farms violate the law and illegally exceed the maximum size of land for farms of this organizational and legal form. Given that members of the personal peasant economy abuse the advantages provided by the state to carry out such activities, attention is paid to the moment of transition of the personal peasant economy to the farm. Aspects of taxation of the personality of peasant farms are analyzed and the possibility of reduction to privileged categories at transformation in a farm is offered. The legal aspects of renting private farms are also studied. Based on the analysis of indicators of lease of farms of this organizational and legal form, we provide proposals for the regulation of regulations on issues related to aspects of the activities and development of personal farms and the institution of lease.
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Arvidsson Segerkvist, Katarina, Helena Hansson, Ulf Sonesson, and Stefan Gunnarsson. "A Systematic Mapping of Current Literature on Sustainability at Farm-Level in Beef and Lamb Meat Production." Sustainability 13, no. 5 (February 25, 2021): 2488. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13052488.
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Beef and lamb meat production is associated with important cultural, economic and environmental impacts in most countries worldwide. However, it is also related with sustainability challenges. To enable cattle and sheep farming to develop in line with sustainability, existing knowledge need to be implemented and identified knowledge gaps filled. The purpose of this article was to systematically map the scientific literature on environmental, economic and social sustainability at farm-level beef and lamb meat production to identify knowledge gaps and to point to important future actions and areas of research. Papers published January 2000–August 2020 with a geographical origin in Europe, Northern America, and Australia-New Zealand were included. The systematic literature search resulted in a total of 1355 hits; however, after removing papers which were considered out of the scope of the study, and duplicate papers, only 22 and 11 papers related to beef and sheep farming, respectively were retained for further analysis. Of these, only 11 in total included all three sustainability dimensions. Several papers only mentioned one or two of the sustainability dimensions or put them in relation to that/those main dimension covered, thus limiting the extent to which possible synergies or tradeoffs between different sustainability aspects actually can be studied. This indicates a need for a more comprehensive approach when studying farm-level sustainability. Future research would benefit from a more holistic approach and include all dimensions of sustainability within the same study. Further, focus should also be on how to measure and assess sustainability aspects in a standardized way.
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Arvidsson Segerkvist, Katarina, Helena Hansson, Ulf Sonesson, and Stefan Gunnarsson. "Research on Environmental, Economic, and Social Sustainability in Dairy Farming: A Systematic Mapping of Current Literature." Sustainability 12, no. 14 (July 8, 2020): 5502. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12145502.
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Dairy cows are able to convert fibrous materials, such as grass, roughage, and by-products from the food industry, into milk and meat, which justifies their role in food production. However, modern dairy farming is associated with major sustainability challenges, including greenhouse gas emissions. In order to develop sustainable future production, it is important to implement existing knowledge and fill knowledge gaps. The aim of this study was to systematically map the scientific literature on environmental, economic, and social sustainability at farm level in dairy farming. Literature published between January 2000 and March 2020 and with the geographical focus on Europe, North America, and Australia–New Zealand was included. In total, the literature search resulted in 169 hits, but after removing duplicates and papers outside the study scope only 35 papers remained. Of these, only 11 dealt with the three dimensions of sustainability, and several of these only mentioned one or two of the dimensions or set them in relation to that/those actually studied. Overall, the selected literature did not clearly explain how aspects of sustainability are interlinked, so possible negative or positive interactions between different aspects of sustainability dimensions remain unidentified.
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Sun, Hong, Valentina Hartarska, Lezhu Zhang, and Denis Nadolnyak. "The Influence of Social Capital on Farm Household’s Borrowing Behavior in Rural China." Sustainability 10, no. 12 (November 22, 2018): 4361. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su10124361.
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This paper evaluates whether social capital affects the ability of farm households to obtain formal and informal loans. We test for the impact of two measures of social capital. The first measure, kinship, captures the traditional aspects of bonding social capital in rural areas that might affect the probability of getting informal loans. As the economic reforms in China have changed the traditional rural way of life and weakened the role of kinship, more mobile farmers are likely to develop a different kind of social capital also based in the Chinese tradition but not focused exclusively on kin. This friendship social capital is hypothesized to affect farmers’ ability to get both formal and informal loans. We use the Chinese Household Finance Survey data from 2013 and estimate the probability of obtaining credit, while also accounting for the reverse causality. In addition, we use the Heckman selection model to establish how social capital affects not only the probability of getting loans but also the size of the loan. Empirical results suggest that social capital affects borrowing by farm households. In particular, the friendship social capital has a positive effect on farm household’s ability to get formal loans, and has a substitution effect on informal borrowing, while kinship has a positive effect on farm households’ ability to get informal loans. Friendship and kinship are positively associated with the amount of a farm household’s formal and informal loans, respectively.
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Majsztrik, John C., Bridget Behe, Charles R. Hall, Dewayne L. Ingram, Alexa J. Lamm, Laura A. Warner, and Sarah A. White. "Social and Economic Aspects of Water Use in Specialty Crop Production in the USA: A Review." Water 11, no. 11 (November 8, 2019): 2337. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w11112337.
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Understanding human behavior is a complicated and complex endeavor. Academicians and practitioners need to understand the underlying beliefs and motivations to identify current trends and to effectively develop means of communication and education that encourage change in attitudes and behavior. Sociological research can provide information about how and why people make decisions; this information impacts the research and extension community, helping them formulate programs and present information in a way that increases adoption rates. Life cycle assessment can document how plant production impacts the environment. Production of ornamental plants (greenhouse, container, and field produced flowers trees and shrubs) accounted for 4.4% of the total annual on-farm income and 8.8% of the crop income produced in the United States in 2017, representing a substantial portion of farmgate receipts. Greenhouse and nursery growing operations can use this information to increase production and water application efficiency and decrease input costs. Information related to the environmental impacts of plant production, derived from life cycle assessment, can also inform consumer purchase decisions. Information from water footprint analysis quantifies the relative abundance and availability of water on a regional basis, helping growers understand water dynamics in their operation and informing consumer plant purchases based on water availability and conservation preference. Economics can motivate growers to adopt new practices based on whether they are saving or making money, and consumers modify product selection based on preference for how products are produced. Specialty crop producers, including nursery and greenhouse container operations, rely heavily on high quality water from surface and groundwater resources for crop production; but irrigation return flow from these operations can contribute to impairment of water resources. This review focuses on multiple facets of the socioeconomics of water use, reuse, and irrigation return flow management in nursery and greenhouse operations, focusing on grower and consumer perceptions of water; barriers to adoption of technology and innovations by growers; economic considerations for implementing new technologies; and understanding environmental constraints through life cycle assessment and water footprint analyses. Specialty crop producers can either voluntarily adapt practices gradually to benefit both economic and environmental sustainability or they may eventually be forced to change due to external factors (e.g., regulations). Producers need to have the most current information available to inform their decisions regarding water management.
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Maltz, Ephraim. "Individual dairy cow management: achievements, obstacles and prospects." Journal of Dairy Research 87, no. 2 (May 2020): 145–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022029920000382.
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AbstractThis review deals with the prospects and achievements of individual dairy cow management (IDCM) and the obstacles and difficulties encountered in attempts to successfully apply IDCM into routine dairy management. All aspects of dairy farm management, health, reproduction, nutrition and welfare are discussed in relation to IDCM. In addition, new IDCM R&D goals in these management fields are suggested, with practical steps to achieve them. The development of management technologies is spurred by the availability of off-the-shelf sensors and expanded recording capacity, data storage, and computing capabilities, as well as by demands for sustainable dairy production and improved animal wellbeing at a time of increasing herd size and milk production per cow. Management technologies are sought that would enable the full expression of genetic and physiological potential of each cow in the herd, to achieve the dairy operation's economic goals whilst optimizing the animal's wellbeing. Results and conclusions from the literature, as well as practical experience supported by published and unpublished data are analyzed and discussed. The object of these efforts is to identify knowledge and management routine gaps in the practical dairy operation, in order to point out directions and improvements for successful implementation of IDCM in the dairy cows' health, reproduction, nutrition and wellbeing.
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Su, Guandong, Hidenori Okahashi, and Lin Chen. "Spatial Pattern of Farmland Abandonment in Japan: Identification and Determinants." Sustainability 10, no. 10 (October 14, 2018): 3676. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su10103676.
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In recent years, Japan has undergone an unprecedented increase in farmland abandonment, which not only causes serious environmental problems and rural landscape loss, but also has a significant impact on socio-economic conditions and the livelihood of Japanese farmers. Many studies have analyzed farmland abandonment and its processes and drivers at multiple scales; however, few have focused on East Asia, especially Japan, which is a heavily depopulated country in rural areas suffering from serious abandonment. Therefore, this study attempts to shed light on the spatial patterns and determinants of farmland abandonment in Japan. For this analysis, we used the former municipalities defined in 1950 at a national scale as unit samples. Consequently, the spatial patterns, characteristics and variations of farmland abandonment in Japan are displayed. As for the drivers or determinants, we adopted ordinary least squares (OLS) and geographically weighted regression (GWR) by categorizing the determinants into geographical and socio-economic aspects. We have found that, firstly, farmland abandonment in Japan exhibits a significantly uneven pattern. While taking the farmland abandonment rate as a measurement, the results demonstrate that most abandoned farmland is positively correlated with slope and is highly clustered in the Kanto, Chubu and Chugoku Shikoku regions, compared to other regions that are suitable for agricultural production, such as the Hokkaido and Tohoku regions. Secondly, the arable land ratio of self-sufficient farm households, the ratio of non-successor farm households and the number of laborers per farm household positively affect abandonment. In contrast, arable land area per farm household and paddy field density have a negative impact on abandonment. Thirdly, the determinants are spatially varied among study regions. Farmland abandonment is driven by interactions of multiple determinants and depends on specific local circumstances. Such results can contribute to the understanding of farmland abandonment in Japan, promoting the maintenance of farmland and sustainable agriculture.
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Sarkar, SK, and MK Uddin. "Community based waste management and its utilization for sustainable environment." Bangladesh Journal of Animal Science 42, no. 2 (December 31, 2013): 165–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjas.v42i2.18506.
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The goal of this study of community based waste management and utilization was to reduce the major negative impact of environment and health hazards created by improperly managed waste mainly focusing on livestock production system of Bangladesh. The waste amounted 4,78,220 kg annually managed by the community contribute to significant role regarding human and livestock health, sanitation, economic as well as environmental aspects. In terms of economic, the Chadkarim community could earn net benefit of Tk. 2,70,146 in 2012 by selling waste by-products, major earnings come from 95,644 kg of organic fertilizer producing amounting Tk. 1,37,546 The global environmental perspective is to reduce livestock-induced, land-based pollution and environmental degradation. One of the major costs of running an agricultural farm can include buying nitrogen in the form of anhydrous ammonia to fertilize crops. But there are other agricultural costs associated with nitrogen, especially when the nitrogen in livestock waste produces pungent and potentially harmful ammonia emissions. To get expected production and to trap optimum socio-economic benefit from livestock rearing, waste must be managed in proper ways through a community based biogas producing approach of waste management to have sustainable environment. During one year community managed 4,78,220 kg degradable waste and produced about 17,216 m3 of biogas and utilized that gas for cooking and electricity generation. The notable benefits come from womens saved time and money. The 200 households at the community in one year have saved 15,881 working days through reduced time required for managing of fuel and cooking purposes. Most of the saved time is being utilized for household tasks and for education of the children. This is one of the greatest contribution to the nation. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjas.v42i2.18506 Bang. J. Anim. Sci. 2013. 42 (2): 165-173
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Mohamed, A. A. A., and M. G. El-Nagger. "Economic Analysis of Protected Cultivation: Comparison of Vegetable vs. Fruit." Journal of Agricultural Science 10, no. 3 (February 9, 2018): 187. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jas.v10n3p187.
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This research examines solution to overcome the problems of opposition to growing vegetables under protected cultivation, This particular example was chosen to illustrate several important aspects of greenhouse production and marketing that affect profitability such as high prices of vegetable seeds, high prices of materials used in the sterilisation (methyl bromide gas), high prices of plastics in addition to low quality and short duration of use, etc.The study depended on Bossali protected agriculture unit as example of application to measure the performance and efficiency of production and revenue during the period 1994-2006. Using the traditional system of protected cultivation, compared with a new system of performance and management of production processes, depends on the cultivation of some fruit crops under protected cultivation during the period 2007-2015.The study analysed the structure cost of production per greenhouse also discussed some economic indicators such as: farm gate prices, total revenue, total costs and net return of cucumber and sweet pepper (as example for vegetables) and navel orange and keitt mango (as example for fruits). This enterprise budget illustration indicates a lack of profitability of this greenhouse vegetable enterprise using these particular assumptions regarding cost, price, and total revenue. Results revealed that net return reached 1234, 3466 Egyptian pound (LE)/greenhouse (540 m2) in navel orange and keitt mango respectively during the study period.
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Mengistie, Belay Tizazu. "Ethiopia: The Environmental Aspects of Policy and Practice in the Ethiopian Floriculture Industry." Environmental Policy and Law 50, no. 4-5 (March 12, 2021): 373–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/epl-200239.
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The floriculture sector is booming in Ethiopia, making the country the second largest flower exporter in Africa and one of the largest suppliers of flowers globally. Despite the enormous advantages of the Ethiopian floriculture industry to the country’s economy, the industry’s unsustainability related to environmental and human rights is growing. Failure to protect the environment can have profound negative impacts on long-term economic development and human rights, including the right to life, adequate food, water and housing. The floriculture industry has been identified as having the potential to grow and contribute positively to the agricultural transformation and economy of Ethiopia. Policy, laws and regulations play a vital role in the implementation of any regulatory objective. During the last decade, Ethiopia has developed many policies and laws that link to improving the environment, and the flower farm industry itself has adopted self-regulation and standards, enhancing the protection of workers and the environment. But there is increasing evidence that the economic benefits of the flower industry come at the expense of the environment. So, what is the impact of these State and non-State regulations on a safe and clean environment? This paper aims to analyse how, why and under what circumstances environmental policy implementation might work or fail, by investigating the challenges for the floriculture industry relating to the intensive use of pesticides and water, and inappropriate waste disposal in the policy implementation process. It is safe to say that Ethiopia has developed a lot of legislation on the environment but the challenge of effective monitoring and enforcement remains. This paper concludes with recommendations, based on the fact that the principles of environmental rights, the right to life and the right to development cannot be realised in the absence of the right to a healthy environment.