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Journal articles on the topic 'Economic aspects of Football'
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1
Reikin, V. "FINANCIAL AND ECONOMIC ASPECTS OF PROFESSIONAL FOOTBALL INDUSTRY: TRENDS ANALYSIS AND DEVELOPMENT PROSPECTS." Financial and credit activity: problems of theory and practice 1, no. 36 (February 17, 2021): 471–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.18371/fcaptp.v1i36.228089.
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The purpose of the study is the analysis of financial and economic aspects and assessment of current trends and prospects for the development of professional football industry as an independent academic field.
In this article the following general scientific and applied methods were used: analysis and comparison — to determine the main trends in the development of top professional football clubs in the context of globalization; generalization — to establish the influence of institutional factors on the economic results of football clubs activity; expert assessments — to determine the market value of players in the global transfer market; abstract and logical methods — for theoretical generalization of the obtained results, forecasting the prospects for the development of European professional football and formulating conclusions of the study.
The article deals with the analysis of financial and economic results of European football top clubs functioning in the pre-crisis period (before COVID-19). The author emphasizes the dualistic origins of modern professional football, which combines sports and commercial components. It is analyzed the impact of «Bosman case» and the rules of «financial fair play» on the professional football industry development in the context of globalization. The sources and structure of football top clubs income are also analyzed. The main focus is on European football, where current trends are most clearly manifested. The source of information was the annual reports of audit firms, specialized analytical laboratories and FIFA data.
As a result of globalization processes, the author predicts the creation of full-fledged «SuperLeague» championship of top clubs with the greatest financial opportunities, as well as the appearence of polycentrism phenomenon in the world football industry. The forecast scenarios of football industry perspectives, formulated by the author, to substantiate the financial and economic aspects of clubs and players transfer market functioning, can be used in practice to assess the potential and formulate strategies for professional football leagues and clubs.
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Leite, Verlaine, and Roberto Figueredo. "Is there a need to increase the number of substitutions in modern professional football?" Fizicka kultura 74, no. 1 (2020): 5–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/fizkul2001005l.
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Football is the most important and popular sport in the world, being influenced by several aspects and generating a billion dollar financial income. The constant scientific advancement of the modality allows a rapid evolution of football, being important to constantly review aspects of its dynamics and, consequently, its laws. The aim of this work is to analyze and argue, based on several aspects, e.g., evolution of the modality, physiological aspects, incidence of injuries, relationship with the media and economic aspects, etc., if there is a need to increase substitutions in modern professional football matches. In order to achieve this objective, a wide bibliographic research on the most important aspects of football was used.. As demonstrated throughout the text, according to the constant changes that have occurred in various aspects related to football over the years, there is a need for changes in the regulations to meet the need and provide a greater evolution of the modality. In this way, we believe that the increase in the number of substitutions can be very beneficial for football in general, mainly to make the modality more dynamic and attractive to the spectators.
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Schreyer, Dominik, Sascha L. Schmidt, and Benno Torgler. "Football Spectator No-Show Behavior." Journal of Sports Economics 20, no. 4 (July 1, 2018): 580–602. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1527002518784120.
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In this article, we aim to contribute to the ever-growing economic literature on the determinants of football stadium attendance by exploring the increasingly important yet underresearched phenomenon of spectator no-show behavior. More specifically, we analyze a panel data set containing unique information on no-show behavior observed in the stadiums of 25 Bundesliga and Bundesliga 2 clubs. Our results suggest that no-show behavior is primarily shaped by explanatory factors related to a football games’ quality aspects (e.g., an appearance by superstars, an away team rich in tradition, and geographical derbies). Interestingly, these effects seem to significantly differ across Bundesliga and Bundesliga 2.
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Bainus, Arry, Rusadi Kantaprawira, and Indra Kusumawardhana. "When FIFA Rules the World: Hegemoni FIFA Terhadap Indonesia Dalam Kasus Pembekuan PSSI 2015-2016." Andalas Journal of International Studies (AJIS) 7, no. 2 (November 30, 2018): 103. http://dx.doi.org/10.25077/ajis.7.2.103-129.2018.
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The bitter sanctions against the Indonesian Football Association (PSSI) by the Fédération Internationale de Football Association (FIFA) in 2015-2016 revealed an irritate reality regarding how weak the position of the state is; when dealing with organizations that are considered as representations of global institutions in the world of football. Therefore, Indonesia's powerlessness has made the question why the state is powerless before FIFA as an international organization finds its importance. Using the Coxian approach to understand the World Orders, this article argues that this condition due to the FIFA’s hegemony which supported by three main aspects, namely; first, the idea of football which is a populist sport, must be separated from the political intervention of state power. Second, FIFA's material capacity has made football as a sport with high economic value, even in Indonesia itself. Finally, supported by the previous two aspects, the governance of FIFA institutions has gripped various regions of the world, so that it has created sovereignty in the world of football. Using critical analysis, the intellectual work of this paper does not only intend to improvise in the selection of topics but also presents alternative narratives in the contemporary constellation of contemporary international relations studies.
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Herberger, Tim A., Andreas Oehler, and Florian Wedlich. "Third party ownership arrangements: Is a ban in football really appropriate?" Journal of Governance and Regulation 8, no. 3 (2019): 47–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/jgr_v8_i3_p4.
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Football companies (equivalent to professional sport teams) are increasingly challenged with raising capital. However, future athletic success is highly uncertain and associated cash flows are difficult to predict which makes it difficult to attract investors. An alternative financing instrument that has become more popular in recent years is Third Party Ownership arrangements (TPOs). TPO is a way for financiers to invest in the player squad of a football company and therefore reducing investment risks. Due to the wide usage in football and legal concerns about TPOs, FIFA has forbidden the implementation of TPOs since 2015. But, the question arises, whether a ban of TPOs is really appropriate avoiding a potential conflict of interests as well as problems in ethics and compliance. To address these aspects and finally to judge the appropriateness of TPOs for football companies and the ban itself, a financing-theory-oriented view on the design and functional possibilities of TPOs is needed, but still missing in the literature. Our paper tries to fill this gap and sets the economic basics for a profound legal and economic discussion on the use of TPOs in football as well as sports in general.
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Litvishko, Oleg, Ayaz Aliev, Roman Veynberg, Olga Kokoulina, Javid Farzaliev, and Tamás Gyömörei. "Analysis of the financing activities of European football leagues." Economic Annals-ХХI 189, no. 5-6(1) (June 10, 2021): 46–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.21003/ea.v189-05.
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In a market economy, effective financial management is one of the most important aspects of the functioning of any company, which plays a connecting role between various areas of its activities and determines the company’s position on the market, its competitiveness, prospects for sustainable development and cost growth. In this context, the assessment of the economic efficiency of sports organizations is also relevant, due to the high social significance of the sports industry and its huge popularity among the population. The study selected leagues that use different approaches to the formation and distribution of financial resources in their activities. Thus, the subject of this research is the existing mechanisms for financing the activities of sports subjects. The comparative report of UEFA on club licensing for pre-COVID-19 period was used as an analytical basis for the study. The results obtained during the study showed that with an effective approach to the process of managing financial and economic activities, the professional sports industry can be considered as a promising tool that can generate a significant material and non-material effect on various spheres of public activity, which affects the dynamic economic growth of the industry, as evidenced, in particular, by the performance index of the football leagues of Europe calculated in the work, showing the stable growth of the industry in the pre-COVID-19 period.
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Tan, Tien-Chin, and Alan Bairner. "Globalization and Chinese Sport Policy: The Case of Elite Football in the People's Republic of China." China Quarterly 203 (September 2010): 581–600. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0305741010000603.
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AbstractThe aim of this article is to analyse China's engagement in global sport through an examination of the case of elite football. Although many studies exhibit a quite proper concern with the extent to which the deep structure of culture is affected by sports globalization, they generally fail to give significant consideration to the role of the state, because of excessive emphasis on other aspects of globalization such as commercialization, commodification and cultural homogenization. We attempt, therefore, to refocus on the role of the state and to investigate its relationship with global sport by adopting the theoretical framework of Heldet al.(1999) as the main analytical tool for this study. By taking strategic approaches in the economic and cultural/ideological fields, the Chinese government has demonstrated, to some degree, its capacity to find effective ways to manage its relationship with global football. This was demonstrated particularly by the setting up of new governmental commercial agencies, updating sport and football regulations, and strengthening Chinese communist ideological education.
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Lončar, Jelena, and Ema Špehar. "Globalization of Sports on the Example Of The Five Most Popular European Football Leagues with an Emphasis on Premiership - Geographical Overview." Društvene i humanističke studije (Online) 6, no. 3(16) (July 27, 2021): 611–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.51558/2490-3647.2021.6.3.611.
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Globalization has had and still has a comprehensive effect on all aspects of human life, including the part related to sports and recreation. Through the spread of information and communication technologies, especially new channels of information dissemination (such as social networks), but also the process of internationalization, liberalization, and modernization - it has enabled the availability of sports competitions, and the general presence of sports in all parts of the world. This is especially true of football as one of the most popular sports. This paper will try to provide a geographical and global framework for football change based on specific economic and financial data related to sponsors, branding, etc., through a case study of the English Premiership (also known as Premier League) compared to other football leagues in Europe (German Bundesliga, Spanish La Liga, Italian Serie A and French Ligue 1, the so-called Big Five). The paper presents three hypotheses to which the research of available literature and statistical data will try to answer. Through all the above mentioned, the research aims to determine whether and to what extent football has become a global sport by going beyond national frameworks and to what extent it has transformed itself in these modern and global frameworks.
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Kossakowski, Radoslaw. "From Communist Fan Clubs to Professional Hooligans: A History of Polish Fandom as a Social Process." Sociology of Sport Journal 34, no. 3 (September 2017): 281–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ssj.2017-0019.
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The main aim of this article is to present the history of Polish football fandom as a social process which has coincided with the processes of transformation of Polish society over the last few decades. The fan movement in Poland dates back to the early 1970s when the communist authorities attempted to channel the activity of supporters. The 1980s, however, brought the development of a spontaneous movement with strong accents of hooliganism. The post-1989 transformation led to an economic and social crisis, with the rule of anarchy in football stadiums. Along with the formation of the democratic order, the fan movement evolved into different sections focused on particular aspects of activity. The paper is also devoted to the ideological dimension of fan culture, related to the conflict with the government at the turn of the 2010s.
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Naz, Farah, and Dieter Bögenhold. "A contested terrain: Re/conceptualising the well-being of homeworkers." Economic and Labour Relations Review 29, no. 3 (June 11, 2018): 328–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1035304618782052.
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Disenchantment with traditional income-based measures of well-being has led to the search for alternative measures. Two major alternative measures of well-being come from subjective well-being research and the objective capability approach. The capability approach has been largely discussed in the context of development studies and economics and is mainly used within quantitative frameworks, but it also raises many questions that are worthy of discussion from a sociological perspective as well. This study opts for a qualitative approach to transpose capability approach in order to assess the well-being of female homeworkers in the football industry of Pakistan. The aim of this empirical research is to focus on the capabilities of homeworkers in accessing economic, individual, social and psychological aspects of well-being.
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Brand, Alexander, and Arne Niemann. "Europeanisation in the Societal/Trans-National Realm: What European Integration Studies Can Get Out Of Analysing Football." Journal of Contemporary European Research 3, no. 3 (November 30, 2007): 182–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.30950/jcer.v3i3.47.
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This article combines our empirical analysis concerning the impact of EU- and European-level developments on socio-economic patterns in the field of German football with the growing Europeanisation research agenda in EU Studies. Going beyond the traditional top-down (and bottom-up) approaches dominating this field of study, we seek to contribute to this debate by focusing on what we term the ‘societal/trans-national’ dimension of Europeanisation. This allows us to draw attention to societal spheres and transnational agency as important aspects/properties of change in Europeanisation processes. Through analysing five cases within the area of German football, we not only want to shed some light on an under-researched field of study for political scientists interested in Europeanisation. We also aim at exploring the applicability of systemising factors of the Europeanisation process derived from the analysis of political contexts to other areas of social interaction in order to capture hitherto neglected processes.
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Winfree, Jason A. "Rivalries, Bowl Eligibility, and Scheduling Effects in College Football." Journal of Sports Economics 21, no. 5 (April 9, 2020): 477–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1527002520916915.
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This study analyzes how the importance of a game, or characteristics of the previous game, impacts college football games. The results show that rivalry games are harder to predict, and the strength of the previous opponent influences the outcome of the game. If a team’s previous game was close, this negatively influences the team. There is no evidence that the previous game’s location or a team’s bowl eligibility makes any difference. Given that universities control much of their football schedule and that the team’s success influences many aspects of the university, scheduling can impact the university’s finances.
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Şahin, Mehmet. "The Influence of Globalization on Turkish Sports." Journal of Education and Training Studies 6, no. 4 (March 6, 2018): 26. http://dx.doi.org/10.11114/jets.v6i4.2995.
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This paper addresses the phenomenon of globalization, which has also spread to sports, in terms of its economic, social and cultural aspects; while discussing the concept based on examples from the discipline of football in the premier league of Turkey. In this framework, sports labor emigration mobility is handled, and sponsorship and the effects of globalization in Turkey’s sport is examined in terms of relationships between media and sports. The paper also provides concrete examples from the national and international sports circles by framing the fields where globalization becomes apparent in sports. In this framework, this article addresses the sport labor migration, and studies the effect of globalization in Turkish sports within the relations among sponsorship, media and sports.
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Numerato, Dino, and Richard Giulianotti. "Citizen, consumer, citimer: The interplay of market and political identities within contemporary football fan cultures." Journal of Consumer Culture 18, no. 2 (December 5, 2017): 336–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1469540517744692.
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This article examines how football, sport and other cultural fields are characterized by complex interrelations between ‘citizen’ and ‘consumer’ identities. Our analysis centres specifically on critically examining and developing the concept of ‘citimer’ (citizen-consumer) with respect to activist supporter groups within European professional men’s football. First, to establish the structural and cultural context for our analysis, we argue that the emergence of citizen-consumer identities in football has been driven by five underlying processes: globalization, commodification, securitization, mediatization and postmodernization. Critical football fan movements have responded to these changes through greater reflexivization and politicization. Second, drawing on the broad academic literature, we develop the concept of the citizen-consumer (or ‘citimer’) and introduce its relevance to football. Third, to provide a more nuanced understanding of the citizen-consumer, we explore how this ‘citimer’ identity is constructed in two ways: ‘from below’ (by fan groups themselves at everyday level) and ‘from above’ (by clubs, governing bodies, media and other powerful forces within the football system). In both instances, we find that the citizen and consumer aspects of the citimer identity are interrelated in complex ways. Fourth, we conclude by highlighting the political reflexivity of citimers and areas for future research. Our analysis draws on extensive data collection: with football supporters and officials in the Czech Republic, England and Italy and at the wider European level, and through access to diverse primary and secondary documents (e.g. policy papers, fanzines and online forums). Our findings may be applied to examine citimer identities, practices and social relations not just within football and sport but in many other cultural fields, such as art, communication, drama, fashion, film and music.
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Lombardi, Rosa, Raffaele Trequattrini, Benedetta Cuozzo, and Paola Paoloni. "Knowledge transfer in the football industry: a sectorial analysis of factors and determinants." Management Decision 58, no. 9 (March 13, 2020): 1909–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/md-08-2019-1100.
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PurposeOver recent decades, knowledge transfer processes and knowledge-intensive organizations have been increasingly investigated from several perspectives. Knowledge translation activated by knowledge-intensive organizations is supported by several factors, among which intangible assets play a significant role. Our research mainly investigates the relationship between the knowledge owned by knowledge workers in source organizations and the process of its translation to recipient organizations. Specifically, this paper aims at analyzing knowledge translation and organizational performance in the football industry, uncovering both the role of professional football players' skills transfer and the determinants of achieving positive performance at the organizational level.Design/methodology/approachA quantitative method is adopted, using both bivariate linear regression analysis and network analysis. Using key aspects of Nakauchi et al.'s (2007) knowledge transfer framework, intra-organizational dynamics are analyzed based on measurements of the performance of professional football players before and after transferring from one club (the source organization) to another (the recipient organization).FindingsOur research results are mainly intended to show the factors that influence knowledge translation in the light of team performance improvement. Our empirical analysis shows the need for the coexistence of a combination of factors, especially the quality of the source and recipient organizations and of the relationship between them, to achieve the transferability of professional football players' capabilities and performance.Practical implicationsThe academic community, practitioners and policymakers can draw on the theoretical and practical advances made by the findings to address knowledge translation issues with an improved understanding of its factors and determinants.Originality/valueDespite some limitations to the study, we identify the factors, determinants and contexts that facilitate the transfer of knowledge and specialist knowledge and thus contribute to the successful operation of contemporary organizations. Moreover, the results of our analysis are applicable to all economic sectors.
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Schubert, Mathias. "Potential agency problems in European club football? The case of UEFA Financial Fair Play." Sport, Business and Management: An International Journal 4, no. 4 (October 7, 2014): 336–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/sbm-02-2014-0006.
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Purpose – With the licence season 2013/2014 onwards Union of European Football Associations (UEFA) Financial Fair Play (FFP) fully came into force. Among other things, FFP demands from the clubs to operate within their own revenues in order to counteract the increasing over indebtedness in European club football. The purpose of this paper is to cast further light on the relationship between UEFA and the clubs as the main actors of FFP and to derive implications to UEFA to improve the efficacy of this regulatory intervention. Design/methodology/approach – This paper explicitly examines the case of FFP from an agency theory perspective. A positivist agency approach is applied in order to describe and explain (potential) problems in the relationship between UEFA and the clubs. Findings – The paper demonstrates that the relationship between UEFA and the clubs corresponds in many aspects to a classic principal-agent problem. A potential conflict of interest between both actors is outlined which together with asymmetric information creates incentives for opportunistic behaviour on the part of the clubs. The necessity of a stronger emphasis and communication of the economic and sport ethical legitimacy of FFP is detected. Practical implications – It is suggested that UEFA should consider taking a more proactive stance and endeavour to prevent non-compliance not only by limiting the opportunities to do so but also by providing information as well as education. Originality/value – FFP is supposed to have ground-breaking consequences for European club football. This is the first paper to systematically examine (potential) agency problems inherent in FFP.
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Zsigmond, Tibor, Enikő Korcsmáros, Renáta Machová, and Zoltán Šeben. "Interconnection of Consumer Behaviour of Different Generations and Marketing Strategy of a Football Club – Experience in Slovakia." Marketing and Management of Innovations, no. 2 (2020): 221–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.21272/mmi.2020.2-16.
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The basis of modern company management is the marketing concept, the customer-oriented management and strategic planning, the managerial decisions matching the market opportunities, challenges, and the company objectives and opportunities. Marketing research is the input for corporate strategy, while on the other hand elaboration of the marketing strategy is based on the objectives of corporate strategy. The sports developments that started at the beginning of the 20th.century have been of high relevance, but still incomparable to the current measure of development. Generally, the countries of Western-Europe, due to their better economic performance, have achieved a higher level of development far earlier than the post-communist countries. The political and economic change of the 90s in the 20th century, later the EU enlargement opened a range of new economic opportunities also for our region. The sports marketing, similarly to marketing activity in other sectors and fields, has made relevant progress. The obsolete sports facilities were replaced by modern and well-equipped facilities. The customers were offered a wide variety of sports equipment and sports services. The objective of the research is to examine the services and products of a football club in the Slovak Premier League (Fortuna League) in terms of consumerism, as well as to summarize the consumer experience and opinion, emphasizing the marketing aspect. We formulated two hypotheses in this study. Chi-square test of independence was used for testing our hypotheses, with the help of which we examined several variables at the same time – and also the joint distribution of several variables. The results show a significant relationship between the age groups and the consumer habit of the customers at football matches. The outcome of the study also indicates that neither the age nor the distance from the sports event can influence the fans of the football club to attend the sporting event. Our results could be used by Slovak football clubs to make their marketing more precise and more efficient. Keywords: consumer behavior, generations, marketing, Slovakia, sports marketing.
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Crolley, Liz, Roger Levermore, and Geoff Pearson. "For business or pleasure? A discussion of the impact of European Union law on the economic and socio‐cultural aspects of football." European Sport Management Quarterly 2, no. 4 (December 2002): 276–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/16184740208721929.
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Evans, Richard, Geoff Walters, and Richard Tacon. "Assessing the effectiveness of financial regulation in the English Football League." Accounting, Auditing & Accountability Journal 32, no. 7 (September 16, 2019): 1876–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/aaaj-12-2017-3288.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to provide an assessment of the effectiveness of the Salary Cost Management Protocol, a form of financial regulation introduced by the English Football League in 2004 to improve the financial sustainability of professional football (i.e. soccer) clubs. Design/methodology/approach The analytical approach is to assess the effect of the regulation from evidence of change in measures of the financial performance of clubs drawing on three criteria: profitability, liquidity and solvency. A unique database was created from the published financial statements and notes to the accounts of the clubs in the Tier 4 league (known since 2004 as League Two) from 1994 to 2014 to encapsulate the 10-year period before and after the regulation was introduced. To show trends in the data within the study period, the data are reported in graphical form. The statistical significance of change in both the slope and intercepts for trends between breaks of interest in the data is estimated by linear regression. Findings The results show that financial regulation failed to significantly improve the profitability or the solvency of football clubs in League Two. Whilst the liquidity of the clubs improved in response to the introduction of the financial regulation, the results show this was only in the year in which the financial regulation was introduced. Research limitations/implications The results extend theoretical debate on financial regulation in sports leagues by moving beyond the assumption that financial regulation is a “technical exercise” to provide an alternative way of thinking about financial regulation as a “legitimising exercise”. Originality/value This is the first study to assess the impact of financial regulation for football league clubs over a longitudinal period. It is also extends previous research in which only single aspects of the financial sustainability of football clubs, such as insolvency, have been considered.
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Giulianotti, Richard. "‘All the Olympians: A Thing Never Known Again’? Reflections on Irish Football Culture and the 1994 World Cup Finals." Irish Journal of Sociology 6, no. 1 (May 1996): 101–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/079160359600600106.
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Utilising fieldwork with Irish fans, and interviews with leading Irish journalists and football officials, this article examines five major themes surrounding USA ‘94 for the Irish: i) the cultural and ethnic symbiosis of Ireland with the USA; ii) aspects of the political economics behind the United States’ allocation of the Finals; iii) the Irish supporters‘ culture of ‘carnivalesque’, and any internal changes involved; iv) the possible impacts of USA '94 on soccer culture in Ireland, particularly in playing style; v) the possible future inter-relations of soccer and Irish civil society.
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Ndungu, James Mathuku, and Farida Abdul. "Influence Of Financial Literacy on Personal Investment Decisions Among Kenya Football Premier League Players in Kenya." International Journal of Current Aspects in Finance, Banking and Accounting 4, no. 2 (August 31, 2022): 77–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.35942/ijcfa.v4i2.272.
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Financial literacy plays an essential role in the process of making financial decisions, as it represents a systematic effort aimed at the development of positive knowledge, and attitude. Extant literature indicates that the financial literacy among football players is low which ultimately affects their investment decisions. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine the influence of financial literacy on personal investment decisions among KPL players in Nairobi. The study was guided by the following specific objectives; to determine the influence of savings decisions, financial knowledge and skills, financial awareness and financial attitude on personal investment decisions among KPL players in Nairobi. The study adopted dual process theory, the exchange theory and the goal setting theory. The study employed a descriptive research design. The target population was 396 football players from the 18 teams playing the KPL for the season 2020/2021. The study covered a period of one year from November 2020 to August 2021. This study used a sample of 30% from each of the 18 KPL teams. Therefore, from each of the 18 teams, 7 football players were randomly selected making up a sample size of 126 football players. A self-administered structured questionnaire was given to the respondents for data collection. Quantitative data collected was analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS V. 23.0) was used for data analysis. Regression model was used to establish the relationship between the study variables. Before conducting the regression analysis, diagnostic tests was conducted. These tests included the multicollinearity and normality tests. The findings were presented in form of tables and figures. The findings were of importance to the football teams in Kenya as it emphasized on the need for financial literacy training. The study established that savings decisions, financial knowledge and skills, financial awareness and financial attitudes had a positive and significant influence on personal investment decisions among Kenya football premier league players in Kenya. The study concluded that the most important reason why one should start planning at an early stage of making saving decision is the power of compounding, which allows you to earn extra money on the interest received from investments. Being financially knowledgeable and skilled allows an individual to be better prepared for specific financial roadblocks, which, in turn, decreases the chances of personal economic distress. Financial awareness enables players to gain the ability to use knowledge and skills to effectively manage financial resources efficiently at a personal-level and through the lifecycle. In this era of dynamic financial markets and turbulent economic environment it is very important for every individual to keep a positive mindset towards his/her finances. A positive financial attitude helps an individual strike a right balance between the utilization of money and other aspects of life, not become overly conservative and achieve long-term financial goals. The study recommended that an individual should make a financial plan by making his or her own list and then think about which goals are the most important to him or her. The players should be encouraged to subscribe to financial newsletters. The players needs a basic understanding of financial concepts to make good financial decisions. every individual needs to keep a positive outlook about personal finances and the key to this is to develop financial skills in consultation with an expert like a certified financial planner (CFP) professional, who is equipped to take one on the path to attain freedom from financial worries.
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Vinciguerra, Mariangela, Enio Pazini Figueiredo, Felipe Drummond, Carlos Zaeyen, Ícaro Moreno, and Bernard Malafaia. "Waste Management in the Reform and Adequacy of the Maracanã Stadium for the FIFA Football World Cup 2014." Key Engineering Materials 634 (December 2014): 97–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.634.97.
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This work aims to contribute to the minimization of solid construction waste at construction sites through the application of sustainability concepts in the construction industry, addressing the recommendations of the LEED certification. The object of study was the works of reform and adaptation of the Maracanã Stadium, venue of the final match of the 2014 FIFA World Cup. The methodology consists of visits to the construction site of the stadium, interviews with responsible people for the jobs and data analysis collected by the Maracanã Consortium Rio 2014 Report. Based on the data collected, it was evaluated the used strategies and tools in the construction to minimize the generation of waste. It was found that the strategies were well executed, contributing to the reduction of waste at the construction site and to the sustainable disposal of the generated waste. The strategies involved environmental, social and economic aspects, giving the construction an international certification for sustainable building.
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Densten, Iain. "A case study: the AFL as a positive institution." Physical Culture and Sport. Studies and Research 90, no. 1 (April 30, 2021): 20–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/pcssr-2021-0010.
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Abstract The Australian Football League (AFL) is a leading professional sports organization within the multi-billion-dollar entertainment industry. This case study uses publicly available information to investigate the AFL in terms of its credentials as a positive institution using the good work model developed by Stansbury and Sonenshein (2012). The AFL has taken advantage of the economic rationalism and developed a corporate structure able to deliver a range of good work activities. For example, developmental programs that help players exceeding high community expectations. This study suggests that the good work model is beneficial for cognitive resources, normal functioning, regulatory focus, and impression formation. The AFL appears to answer Cameron et al. (2004) call to identify and enable flourishing and life-giving aspects of their organisation and, thus, represents a kind of positive institution. Finally, the study recognizes positive institutions as worthwhile but raises concerns about the uniqueness and lack of cultural research.
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Mérida Serrano, Rosario, Ana Panzuela García, Miguel Muñoz Moya, and María Elena González-Alfaya. "Motivaciones y obstáculos en la práctica del fútbol femenino en Córdoba (Motivations and obstacles in the practice of female football in Córdoba (Spain))." Retos 46 (September 28, 2022): 301–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.47197/retos.v46.88305.
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El objetivo que orienta este trabajo es identificar qué motivaciones y obstáculos perciben las mujeres futbolistas de fútbol de competición. Para ello se exploran los orígenes del fútbol, entendido como deporte exclusivamente masculino, así como sus repercusiones en la escasa presencia de las mujeres en los clubes de fútbol en la actualidad. En el estudio se aplica un método cuantitativo, mediante la aplicación de la escala denominada ESOFUM (Escala de análisis de las motivaciones y los obstáculos de las mujeres para la práctica de fútbol competitivo) a 189 jugadoras pertenecientes a siete . Se lleva a cabo un análisis descriptivo e inferencial de los datos derivados de la escala elaborada ad hoc. Los resultados fueron: (1) La principal motivación que manifiestan las mujeres para practicar fútbol competitivo es la búsqueda de su bienestar personal –salud, aspecto físico, equilibrio psicológico e interacción social-; y (2) Los estereotipos de género derivados de una cultura patriarcal vinculados a la feminidad y a la maternidad, junto con las pésimas condiciones económicas y laborales que afectan a la práctica del fútbol femenino profesional, obstaculizan la práctica profesional de este deporte por parte de las mujeres. Por los beneficios que genera, es necesario promover acciones, y que estas se adapten a las características y demandas de las jugadoras, que dignifiquen su práctica y transformen la visión masculinizada que existe actualmente de este deporte. Abstract. The main goal that guides this work is to identify what motivations and obstacles women football players perceive in the practice of competitive football. For this purpose, the origins of football, understood as an exclusively male sport, are explored, as well as its repercussions on the scarce presence of women in today's competitive football clubs. The study is based on a quantitative method by applying the ESOFUM scale (Scale of analysis of the motivations and obstacles of women for the practice of competitive football) to 189 players from seven clubs in the province of Córdoba (Spain). A descriptive and inferential analysis of the data derived from the ad hoc scale is carried out. The following results were drawn: (1) What motivates women primarily to play competitive football is the pursuit of their personal well-being -health, physical appearance, psychological balance and social interaction; and (2) Gender stereotypes derived from a patriarchal culture, linked to femininity and motherhood, together with the poor economic and working conditions that affect the practice of professional women's football, hinder the professional practice of this sport by women. Due to the multiple benefits that this sport generates, it is necessary to promote measures, and that these be adapted to the characteristics and demands of the female players, that dignify their efforts and transform the masculinised vision of this sport that still exists in our society nowadays.
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Surzhko, A. V. "SOVIET-CHINESE COOPERATION IN THE FIELD OF SPORTS AFTER THE NORMALIZATION OF BILATERAL RELATIONS ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE IRKUTSK REGION." Northern Archives and Expeditions 5, no. 2 (June 30, 2021): 141–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.31806/2542-1158-2021-5-2-141-149.
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The article examines the main aspects of Soviet-Chinese cooperation in the field of sports after the normalization of bilateral relations in the late 1980s — early 1990s. Sport was one of the factors that contributed to overcoming the consequences of the thirty-year split between the USSR and the PRC at the state, regional and informal levels. During this period, the Soviet Union and the People's Republic of China actively exchanged numerous sports delegations, adopting each other's successful experience in organizing and conducting competitions, as well as training athletes. In the USSR, Chinese national sports were popularized, primarily wushu and ping-pong. More traditional for the Soviet side was football, matches in which Soviet and Chinese athletes repeatedly played. Also, the article reveals some economic aspects of sports bilateral cooperation. A common thing for this period was the conclusion of various kinds of agreements and contracts at the interregional level, including those related to the sports component. The personal role of regional party functionaries, sports officials and athletes in the development of Soviet-Chinese relations is shown. There is a certain continuity between the perestroika period and the "golden age" of Soviet-Chinese cooperation in the 1950s. The experience of cooperation in sports gained at the end of perestroika had a beneficial effect on the development of Russian-Chinese relations in the 1990s. The study is carried out on the example of the Irkutsk region, which, due to objective reasons, has developed long-term and strong relations with a number of Chinese cities. The main source of the research was the Irkutsk regional periodicals.
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Romero, Yolmer, Jose Aguilar, and Oswaldo Terán. "Multilayer fuzzy cognitive maps for the management of the professional sports product based on the “par conditio” principle." International Journal of Knowledge-based and Intelligent Engineering Systems 26, no. 2 (September 29, 2022): 101–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/kes220011.
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Multilayer Fuzzy Cognitive Maps (MFCM) represents an approach for analyzing situations, which allows the simulation, inference, theorem proving of tendencies, and verification of theories, among other things. This paper reviews the promise of this method in a novelty case study of management of professional sports clubs. Professional sports clubs have the possibility of making their management profitable through the proper management of their commercial product portfolio. This possibility is conditioned by the adequate configuration of each component of the commercial product portfolio, namely: Brand licensing, sponsorship, television and media rights, sporting and training rights, and hospitality. Each component of the commercial portfolio must maximize its attractiveness and desirability for each target customer segment. For these purposes, tools that contribute to manage the sports products will be vital to guarantee their commercial success. This article proposes a model based on MFCMs for supporting the management of products in professional sports – an intelligent decision-making system –, conceptually based on the “par conditio” principle. The model considers different aspects related to the “par conditio” principle, such as the socioeconomic environment where the sports activity is carried out, the legal bases of the professional competence, and other sporting aspects (stadium, fans, etc.), which are organized in layers, to analyze the behavior of the different components of the commercial portfolio. It is tested for the two most common sports in Latin America, football and baseball, considering countries of this region where these sports have good economic performance, both to analyze and understand the current situation of the sports products, and infer more appropriate configurations. Several specific case studies are carried out with encouraging results. The paper successfully shows the potentialities of MFCM for diverse purposes, particularly those named above.
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Gottschalk, Petter. "Convenience in white-collar crime: A resource perspective." Risk Governance and Control: Financial Markets and Institutions 7, no. 2 (2017): 28–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/rgcv7i2art3.
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White-collar offenders have access to resources that make financial crime convenient. In the rare case of crime suspicion, resources are available in terms of professional attorney work, control over internal investigations, and public relations support. Hiring private investigators at an early stage of potential crime disclosure enables the organization to control the investigation mandate and influence the investigation process and the investigation output. Getting an early start on reconstruction of the past in terms of a fraud examination makes it possible for the suspect and the organization to influence what facts are relevant and how facts might be assessed in terms of possible violations of the penal code. Convenience aspects of private investigations are discussed in this article in terms of five internal investigations, two in the United States (General Motors and Lehman Brothers) and three in Norway (Telenor VimpelCom, DNB Bank, and Norwegian Football Association). The aim of this research is to contribute insights into convenience associated with internal private investigations.
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Jedel, Joanna, and Marcin Burchard. "The economic and financial impact of the first phase of the COVID-19 pandemic on the sports market." Baltic Journal of Health and Physical Activity 13, Special Issue 1 (November 30, 2021): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.29359/bjhpa.13.spec.iss1.01.
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Background: For the last several months, the world has been dominated by the coronavirus pandemic that effectively stopped the activity of entities in all fields of social life: finance, economy, culture and, broadly defined sport. The dynamic nature of changes and adaptation to a new reality were related to new restrictions and limitations on the functioning of society that were imposed by local governments. Information about the postponement or cancellation of mass sports events in all disciplines, including marathons, football, athletics, basketball, handball, hockey, rugby, cricket, sailing, skiing, weightlifting, to name a few, created confusion in the sports world. For the first time in the history of the modern Olympics, the Olympic Games and the Paralympic Games were postponed and took place in 2021. Material and methods: The authors analysed available reports that described the general results of the sports market as well as reports and financial statements for the period of the COVID-10 pandemic published by public joint-stock companies operating in different segments of the sports industry. Results: As a consequence of social isolation, society does not regularly practice physical activity, which may lead to deterioration in mental state and increase anxiety and stress. Because of the pandemic, millions of jobs around the world are at risk. Technology, including access to the Internet and on-line content customised to individual users’ needs, is an excellent solution to alleviate the effects of social isolation. E-sports have become very popular in the mass media, not only in the digital world, going beyond internet streaming services, social media and websites for strategic game lovers. Since traditional league games have been suspended or cancelled, the coverage of e-sports events has appeared on television. Conclusions: Today, it can be said that the COVID-19 pandemic has exerted and continues to exert a significant negative influence on the sports market, taking into consideration both economic and social aspects. It does not concern only people who work in professional sports but also those who work in related sectors such as retail or sport services that manage leagues and events. The COVID-19 pandemic has proved to be fraught with economic consequences.
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Maxcy, Joel, and Michael Mondello. "The Impact of Free Agency on Competitive Balance in North American Professional Team Sports Leagues." Journal of Sport Management 20, no. 3 (July 2006): 345–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jsm.20.3.345.
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Free agency was reintroduced to professional team sport leagues in the 1970s. Sport enthusiasts expressed concern that competitive balance would diminish as star players congregated to large market cities. However, the economic invariance principle rejects this notion, indicating that balance should remain unchanged. This article empirically examines the effects of changes in free agent rules on competitive balance over time in the National Basketball Association (NBA), National Football League (NFL), and National Hockey League (NHL). Regression analysis using within-season and between-season measures of competitive balance as dependent variables provides mixed results. The NFL and NHL provide evidence that an aspect of competitive balance has improved, but results from the NBA indicate that balance has worsened since the introduction of free agency. We conclude that the ambiguous results suggest that the effects are not independent, but instead depend on the interaction of free agent rights with other labor market and league rules.
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Dave, Paul. "Choosing Death: Working-Class Coming of Age in Contemporary British Cinema." Journal of British Cinema and Television 10, no. 4 (October 2013): 746–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/jbctv.2013.0173.
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Starting with Franco Moretti's hypothesis of a relationship between the experience of modernity and the coming of age narrative in the European novel, this article explores representations of the working-class Bildung in contemporary British films that can be seen as responding to social and economic changes generally associated with neoliberalism. Contrasting the emphasis on the individual negotiation of social space in the films of Danny Boyle with work from a range of directors, including Ken Loach, Penny Woolcock, Shane Meadows and Anton Corbijn, along with recent production cycles such as the football film, the article seeks to identify representations of working-class experiences, both limiting and liberating, which mark the inherently problematic attempt to imagine a successful working-class coming of age. In doing so, the article considers the usefulness of Raymond Williams’ class-inflected account of traditions of the social bond, in particular his notion of a ‘common culture’. At the same time, it examines how such representations of working-class life often emphasise the experience of class conflict, distinguished here from class struggle, and how, formally, this emphasis can result in narratives which are marked less by what Moretti describes as the ‘novelistic’, temporising structures of the classical Bildungsroman and more by the sense of crisis and trauma found in the late Bildungsroman and modern tragedy. Ultimately, the article argues for the relevance of the long view of the social history of Britain, as a pioneer culture of capitalism, in understanding these aspects of the representation of class cultures in contemporary British film.
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Flores Paredes, Alcides, and Yeny Amaru Maquera. "Influencias socioculturales que enfrenta la mujer futbolista en el departamento de Puno (Sociocultural influences faced by female soccer players in the department of Puno)." Retos 43 (September 27, 2021): 968–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.47197/retos.v43i0.89798.
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La mujer en el fútbol en las últimas décadas ha tenido grandes avances por su práctica deportiva y apoyo familiar, lo que le ha permitido ganar espacio en el fútbol. La investigación asumió el paradigma cualitativo, con diseño etnográfico mediante 31 entrevistas y dos grupos focales, se ha analizado las influencias socioculturales que enfrenta la mujer futbolista en la liga amateur de Puno-Perú. Algunos resultados de esta investigación señalan que existen influencias socioculturales que enfrenta la mujer futbolista y está asociada con las barreras sociales de desigualdad social y provienen de condiciones económicas media y baja, refieren no recibir apoyo por parte de los directivos y medios de comunicación, además reflejan haber recibido actitudes machistas y estigmas por su género y jugar al fútbol, siendo catalogadas como marimachos y que todos estos aspectos no les limita su práctica del fútbol. Se concluye que en la autoidentificación la mujer puneña muestra su propia personalidad, tiene confianza y maneja su propia vida y se resalta el papel de los padres de familia en la iniciación, práctica y permanencia del fútbol femenino.
Abstract. Women in soccer in recent decades have made great strides due to their sports practice and family support, which has allowed them to gain space in soccer. The research assumed the qualitative paradigm, with an ethnographic design through 31 interviews and two focus groups, the sociocultural influences faced by the female soccer player in the amateur league of Puno-Peru have been analyzed. Some results of this research indicate that there are sociocultural influences faced by the female soccer player and is associated with social barriers of social inequality and come from medium and low economic conditions, they refer not receiving support from managers and the media, they also reflect having received macho attitudes and stigmas due to their gender and playing soccer, being classified as tomboys and that all these aspects do not limit their practice of soccer. It is concluded that in self-identification the woman from Puno shows her own personality, has confidence and manages her own life and the role of parents in the initiation, practice and permanence of women's football is highlighted.
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ZAITSEVA, LARISA. "IMAGE OF THE REPUBLIC OF MORDOVIA IN THE MEDIA VOLGA FEDERAL DISTRICT (BASED ON CONTENT ANALYSIS OF NEWS PUBLICATIONS)." Sociopolitical sciences 10, no. 4 (September 30, 2020): 44–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.33693/2223-0092-2020-10-4-44-52.
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The territorial image is formed both purposefully by the subjects of image-making, and spontaneously-based on the influence of information content published in various media. The purpose of the research is to analyze the image of the Republic of Mordovia in the information space of the Volga Federal district. The image of the territory formed by external target audiences by means of news materials is studied using the method of case study and content analysis of publications: “Volga news”, “Federal Press” news of the PFD, “Pravda PFD”. The authors conclude that modern reality is perceived through the prism of the information field created by mass media. The media creates images filled with certain data, facts, colored by emotions, on the basis of which representations, opinions, judgments, and assessments are subsequently formed. The media play a significant role in shaping the territorial image, especially for external target audiences who are not familiar with the region and do not have their own assessment knowledge and experience. Most of the information content about the Republic in the studied media is related to the main thematic blocks: politics, economy, social sphere, culture (art, sports). Moreover, if in the publications “Volga news” and “Pravda PFD” mention of the region prevails in the economic block, then in the publications “Federal Press” and “Nezavisimaya Gazeta” - in the political one. The Volga news publication significantly dominates the rest in terms of the number of publications about Mordovia. The content of publications is mostly positive and neutral related to the issues of economic development of the territory and the preparation and holding of the world football championship. Pravda PFD mentions the Republic in the context of news from neighboring territories, most of the publications date back to 2018, but here the context is related to the Republic's positions among the regions of the PFD in various ratings. The publication “Federal-Press” forms a generally reflective image of the territory, focusing on the negative aspects of regional life. “Nezavisimaya Gazeta”, giving priority to political news, maintains a neutral and reflective context of publications, paying attention to the key problems of the territory. Thus, the desired image of the region is counter-dictated to the image broadcast by the media through various information channels, so it is necessary to constantly monitor the information space and timely correction of the broadcast materials.
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Lyseiko, Kostiantyn, Yaroslav Yatsiv, and Maryan Pityn. "Content of scientific discussion of game sports development in ukraine in the conditions of decentralization." Scientific Journal of National Pedagogical Dragomanov University. Series 15. Scientific and pedagogical problems of physical culture (physical culture and sports), no. 12(144) (December 22, 2021): 84–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.31392/npu-nc.series15.2021.12(144).18.
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The statement about the popularity of physical culture and sports among the population is generally accepted. Experts determine that the priorities in terms of the classes’ number, psychological and emotional auspiciousness are assigned to game sports. According to practitioners, the most popular and the one that is most in demand sport is football, but in the regional and local context, we should not forget about other popular sports (basketball, volleyball, table tennis, futsal etc.). However, in Ukraine it is possible to testify the emergence of social and economic difficulties, decentralization of management in various spheres of human activity, reduction of budget revenues, the need to attract extra-budgetary funds in the form of financial assistance etc. This certainly applies to the support of playing sports at the national level and representation at major international competitions. At the same time, issues regarding ensure the development of playing sports at the local level have not been the subject of scientific study.Purpose: to find relevant information on the scientific discussion of the development of playing sports in Ukraine in the context of decentralization. Methods: theoretical analysis and generalization (study of the scientific and methodical literature content, data of the Internet to establish the level of study of the research problem, clarification of the main aspects of the development of sports games at the local level); analysis of documentary materials (study of the legal documents content of national, regional and local levels). Results. The generalization of the data significant number of studies that devoted to the scientific substantiation of the game sports development made it possible to identify the prerequisites for their emergence and effective functioning at the national, regional and local levels. Among them are the intensification of sports development; increasing the popularity of game sports, mutual transformation of game sports and the system of training athletes (basketball - 3x3 basketball, volleyball - beach volleyball, etc.), involvement of business to the development of sports; promotion of a healthy lifestyle in society; increasing competitiveness and development of commercially attractive game sports.
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Belokonev, S. Yu, T. V. Evgenieva, V. V. Titov, and Z. R. Usmanova. "BRICS Countries in Political Consciousness of Russian Citizens." MGIMO Review of International Relations, no. 3(66) (July 28, 2019): 111–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.24833/2071-8160-2019-3-66-111-130.
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The article analyzes the Russian citizens’ perceptions of BRICS countries. The authors focus on the cognitive, emotional, behavioral, and symbolic aspects characterizing BRICS countries in political consciousness of the Russians as well as common stereotypes, intentions, and associations. Since the Russian Federation has political and economic interests in cooperation with the BRICS countries, it is important to study representations of Brazil, India, China and South Africa in Russian consciousness and identify the possibilities of their transformation. Proceeding from the results of qualitative politico-sociological (a series of focused interviews) and politico-psychological (projective tests) studies held in 2016-2018 the authors conclude that the emotional component prevails in the structure of Russian citizens’ perception about of Brazil, India, China and South Africa. The image of China appears to be the most complicated and multidimensional, with the key elements being the “thousand-year history”, the “great culture” and the recognition of the geopolitical power of this state. The images of India and Brazil among the Russians have a significantly more amorphous character, but at the same time hold a moderately positive emotional connotation. The image of South Africa is the most fragmented, devoid of stable emotional valence and bright associations. It is remarkable that the perception of the BRICS countries by the majority of respondents is primarily influenced by implicit factors which manifest in appeal to stereotypes and associations (India – cinema, Brazil – football, etc.). Dynamic factors, determined by political agenda, play a minor role forming the images of the BRICS countries. A noticeable feature of their representation among the Russians is the blurring of the “image of due” and “image of the future”, as well as the minimal role of the political component (with exception of China). Therefore, it is necessary to change the information policy for the countries studied. In order to enhance the understanding of significance and relevance of cooperation with the BRICS states among the Russian citizens, it seems to be necessary 1) to build a positive image of political relations with them; 2) to cement an image of a “partner” and an “ally” in mass media, both on a rational and an unconscious level of political perception.
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Szőke, Réka, Zoltán Bács, Ildikó Dékán Tamásné Orbán, and Tamás Dékán. "Information content of a sports undertaking’s statements serving different purposes – particularly with reference to the player rights." Applied Studies in Agribusiness and Commerce 9, no. 1-2 (September 1, 2015): 119–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.19041/apstract/2015/1-2/21.
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In the 21st century, sport is not just a fun, social cohesive force but also a business; it has become an independent industry by now and several countries possess developed sport markets. According to estimates, sport accounts for 4% of the EU’s GDP. The actuality of our research is given by the fact that the economic aspect of sports develops continuously which is also due to that more and more amounts already stream into sports in our days. In Hungary, sport is mainly state aided and has mostly financing problems while the sport businesses existing in the more developed Western Europe are principally sponsored by the private sector. The government considers sport as a strategic branch (HERCZEG et al, 2015) and manages as such because they see the international breakthrough potencies in sport as well. Sport companies must also adapt the business-based thinking, which requires the strategic planning and operation (BECSKY, 2011). The research covers the subject of economic approach of the players’ rights. The task of accounting is to give a true and fair image about the property, income and financial situation of an undertaking. Information provided by accounting is essential for both the management decisionmaking and the market operators. In Hungary, the sports undertakings, as each managing entity, have to prepare their statements according to the Act C of 2000 on Accounting (AoA.) (NAGY – BÁCSNÉ BÁBA, 2014). The purpose of this research is to examine how a domestic sports undertaking demonstrates the value of available players in the books and how the incomes and expenditures incurred with the players are accounted for, based on the regulations of the Hungarian, international associations and the Union of European Football Associations (hereinafter: UEFA). In order that the leaders of the businesses can make quick and appropriate economic decisions, it is essential in this intensively changing world that an enterprise should have a well-functioning accounting system based on up-to-date information. International Financial Reporting Standards (hereinafter: IFRS) are intended to provide the comparability across borders. Firstly, we deal with the accounting reporting system, both the Hungarian, international financial reporting standards and, relating to UEFA, the investigation of the intangible assets to a great extent during analysing the balance sheets. Then, we examine the income statements from the viewpoint player transfers. To what extent the rules of a statement laid down by UEFA differ from the ones of a statement prepared according to AoA? What is the difference in domestic and international relations? In this study, we search after the answers for questions mentioned before.
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Terekli, Serdar, and Halil Orbay Cobanoglu. "Developing Economic Values in Football: Example of Turkish Football Federation." OALib 05, no. 02 (2018): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/oalib.1104263.
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Graf-Baumann, T. "Medicolegal aspects of doping in football." British Journal of Sports Medicine 40, Supplement 1 (July 1, 2006): i55—i57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bjsm.2006.027979.
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Turpin, Bernard. "Aspects de la récupération en football : l'exemple de l'A.J. Auxerre Football." Les Cahiers de l'INSEP 27, no. 1 (2000): 211–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/insep.2000.1550.
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Kendell, Peter. "Economic aspects." Tourism Management 8, no. 2 (June 1987): 140–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0261-5177(87)90020-3.
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Sribnyak, Ihor, Natalia Yakovenko, and Viktor Matviyenko. "Charitable activities of the Young Men’s Christian Association in the camps of interned Ukrainian soldiers in Poland, 1921." Eminak, no. 2(38) (August 5, 2022): 77–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.33782/eminak2022.2(38).582.
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The purpose of the paper is: to reveal the content and forms of charitable aid provided by the Young Men’s Christian Association (UMCA) in the camps of interned Ukrainian soldiers of the UPR Army in Poland during a certain chronological period, as well as to determine its overall amount and impact on the everyday life of camp residents and their family members.
The research novelty is demonstrated by the all-sided coverage of the whole amount of the YMCA’s activities, whose members initiated a humanitarian aid campaign in the internment camps, thanks to which it became possible to organize a full cultural and educational life of the campers, as well as to satisfy the basic needs of children and women most suffering from hard living conditions of camp life.
Conclusions: The content of the YMCA support campaign in the camps was material assistance to improve nutrition for children, organization of their special care (creation of kindergartens and maintenance of their staff), and purchase of clothing for children and women, assistance to women in childbirth. At the same time, the Association intensively supported the activities of camp cultural, artistic and educational centers, and in particular amateur theaters, choruses and orchestras. The unconditional merit of the YMCA was the development of sports, for which the latter never spared money – equipping gyms, purchasing special equipment for them. At the same time, the YMCA relied on the development of game sports (football, volleyball, basketball, etc.), participation in which enabled to stabilize the emotional state of the military, forced to spend much of time in camp isolation. But the most important aspect was that the YMCA gave a possibility to the internees to acquire new knowledge and specialties, creating additional opportunities for them to integrate into the socio-economic life of their new countries of residence. Thus, thanks to the YMCA, camp schools and courses became able to fulfil their educational mission, and the internees – to overcome difficulties of the first months of staying in camp isolation.
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Nikolaіenko, Valerii, Mykhailo Vorobiov, and Taras Chopilko. "Aspects of Increasing Efficiency of Young Football Players Physical Training Process." Sport Mont 19, S2 (September 1, 2021): 49–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.26773/smj.210909.
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The results of the research indicate the intensification of training and competitive loads in children's football and their negative impact on the body of young athletes. The increase in the complexity of young football players training occurs due to the system of children's competitions and their requirements for the training process ar- rangement, the choice of criteria for monitoring loads and assessing athletes condition. The ways of minimizing pedagogical errors and preventing the use of inadequate loads in the training process are shown based on the strategy of preparing a sports reserve for professional football and maintaining health of young football players.
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Mondello, Michael. "The College Football Postseason Mess: Economic Perspectives." Journal for the Study of Sports and Athletes in Education 2, no. 2 (July 2008): 181–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/ssa.2008.2.2.181.
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Omondi-Ochieng, Peter. "Gross national income, football workers and national football team performances." Team Performance Management 21, no. 7/8 (October 12, 2015): 405–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/tpm-04-2015-0018.
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Purpose – This study aims to examine the association between national economic prosperity (measured by per capita gross national income – GNI) and the acquisition of football workers (indicated by number of amateur footballers, football officials and professional footballers) and predict football performances (specified by qualifications at continental football championships) based on per capita GNI and football workers. Design/methodology/approach – Archival data of 203 national football teams were utilized based on continental football championship records before 2014. Binary logistic regression analysis was used to build various models to ascertain their predictive values. Economically prosperous nations are those with a per capita GNI of more than US$10,000, and unprosperous nations are those with per capita GNI of less than US$10,000. Findings – The analysis indicated that per capita GNI was significantly and positively associated with the acquisition of football workers – but not predictive of football performance. Rather football officials and professionals emerged to be the key predictors of football performance and not per capita GNI. The final model predicted 73.1 and 74.2 per cent of performance and non-performance, respectively, of national football teams correctly. Research limitations – The findings were largely restricted to quantitative archival data for the last continental championships. However, future research may benefit from using qualitative interviews, questionnaires and or ethnographic studies of players, teams and or managers. Practical implications – The results revealed that economic prosperity positively influences the acquisition of football resources (here – in football workers). Specifically, targeted production of football workers, such as the acquisition of a large number of effective professional footballers and officials, can boost football performance – and not merely economic prosperity. Originality/value – Actual football-specific human capital (and not general population) was used in predicting continental football qualifications – a factor uncommon in such studies.
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Chang, Semoon, and Shelia Canode. "Economic Impact of a Future College Football Program." Journal of Sport Management 16, no. 3 (July 2002): 239–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jsm.16.3.239.
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This study is a summary of our report that measured the potential economic impact of a football program that the University of South Alabama was considering developing at the Division 1-A level. In our study, direct expenditures impact is limited to net additional expenditures that are expected to be generated by the new football program. Direct expenditures impact has three components: (a) expenditures by visitors to home games, excluding expenditures made by visiting team athletes, coaches, cheerleaders, band members, and their family members that are likely reciprocated when the home team visits opponents; (b) expenditures by the athletic department on operating the football program from which the amount of ticket sales and concession sales made to county residents is subtracted; and (c) expenditures by increased enrollment including athletes, cheerleaders, band members, and other support group members. The employment impact and the tax impact of the new football program are also presented.
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Lazorenko, S. A., and V. I. Goncharenko. "Alternative views on historical aspects of the modern football formation." Scientific Journal of National Pedagogical Dragomanov University. Series 15. Scientific and pedagogical problems of physical culture (physical culture and sports), no. 1(145) (January 19, 2022): 65–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.31392/npu-nc.series15.2022.1(145).17.
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Football is a game of millions. People hold their breath, quit their unfinished business, and become confined to TV screens for two hours to cheer for their favorite team in the national championship or for their country’s national team. The schedule of matches of the World Cup, Europe, UEFA Champions League, UEFA Europa League, national championships and Cups fans with experience know better than “Our Father”. In the modern era of sports and competitive activities development, in terms of its popularity at all levels, football is second only to athletics and ranks first among team sports. Footballers of national teams are heroes in their homeland, their photos are always on the front pages of sports publications, they are the object of “hunting” of sports journalists, who in the pursuit of sensations even invade the personal space of players.
Football is a game that, according to modern encyclopedic publications, first appeared in Foggy Albion, and most experts in the history of physical culture and sports agree. But recently, the struggle for the right to be considered the ancestor of the popular game has intensified among scientists around the world, who find historical facts that football had been played in their country long before the birth date of “His Majesty” was declared by the British. The British also consider themselves the first in the process of making rubber balls for playing football, not to mention that three thousand years before them, the natives of Central America made rubber balls for the national game of pok-ta-pok and ulama. Therefore, the authors team, in this article, decided to systematize modern historical information and review aspects of the formation of football.
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Herzog, Markwart. "Footballers as Soldiers. Rituals of Masculinity in Twentieth-Century Germany: Physical, Pedagogical, Political, Ethical and Social Aspects." STADION 43, no. 2 (2019): 250–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.5771/0172-4029-2019-2-250.
Full textAbstract:
Since the end of the nineteenth and the beginning of the twentieth centuries, football squads have defined themselves as exclusively male domains with explicit military characteristics. The rules and tactics of football used to be interpreted in categories of battle orders. Furthermore, football language is full of concepts and ideas which derive directly from the terminology of the military. This issue extends to various aspects of German football culture. Early textbooks of football training, dietetics and hygiene understood the physical constitution of football players in terms of tough, soldierly masculinity. German squads used to practise tough, masculine rituals of initiation, comradeship and discipline. Some of the fundamental rituals in this context were derived from the everyday life of the barracks. The military-athletic masculinity of football and the crude ideals and rituals of German student fraternities reflected important social differences between these groups. Military connotations are an important reason for the long-lasting exclusion of women from football culture - not only in Germany. Like the military terminology of football, the moral representation of the players as national heroes who are prepared to accept subordination within a team of fighters can also be found nowadays. This paper will describe the roots of the soldierly, athletic paradigm that inspired football culture even after the Second World War.
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Jin, Biao. "On the Economic Development of China’s Football Industry From the Perspective of News Media." Learning & Education 10, no. 7 (June 7, 2022): 119. http://dx.doi.org/10.18282/l-e.v10i7.2970.
Full textAbstract:
With the rapid development of the Internet, the influence of news media on people is becoming stronger and stronger,
and has become the first pillar affecting the development of football industry. The introduction of professional football by news
media can promote the prosperity of China’s football market, stimulate people’s sports enthusiasm, and make an important contribution to the professional development of China’s football. On the other hand, the football industry can achieve extensive publicity
through the news media, which can also attract more and more audiences for the news media and increase the ratings.
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Batmunkh, Erdenedalai. "Role of Football in International Business and Economy." Management Science and Business Decisions 1, no. 2 (December 31, 2021): 39–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.52812/msbd.20.
Full textAbstract:
Football events are one of the most significant sports events globally while football is one of the most popular sports. Thus, the football industry and football-related businesses plays an important role in trade and economy. In the current study key events and top associations and organizations of the football industry are identified, and their role beyond playing grounds is observed. Also, the role the football industry plays in the economic and financial developments of nations, brands and organizations and individuals is highlighted. A comprehensive chart has been drawn that presents a comprehensive structure of the global football industry and also identifies key sources of revenue and expenditures. The study is important for scholars interested in sports economics and sustainable economic development through sports.
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Festel, G. W. "Biofuels – Economic Aspects." Chemical Engineering & Technology 31, no. 5 (May 2008): 715–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ceat.200700335.
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Harmash, Yurii, Alina Pasynok, and Dmytro Ivashkov. "Bachelor's photo project “Street Football”." Bulletin of Kyiv National University of Culture and Arts. Series in Audiovisual Art and Production 4, no. 1 (June 30, 2021): 97–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.31866/2617-2674.4.1.2021.235096.
Full textAbstract:
The author’s message for this Bachelor’s photo project was to study the leading artistic and stylistic solutions of genre photography and reproduce them in a Street Football — photography series. The research covers all aspects of this topic and can be a staging ground for further topic study and consideration.