Journal articles: 'Economic aspects of Heating plants'

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Carlini, Maurizio, Sonia Castellucci, Silvia Cocchi, Elena Allegrini, and Ming Li. "Italian Residential Buildings: Economic Assessments for Biomass Boilers Plants." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2013 (2013): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/823851.

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Biomass is increasingly used for energy generation since it represents a useful alternative to fossil fuel in order to face the pollutions and the global warming problem. It can be exploited for heating purposes and for supplying domestic hot water. The most common applications encompass wood and pellet boilers. The economic aspect is becoming an important issue in order to achieve the ambitious targets set by the European Directives on Renewable Sources. Thus, the present paper deals with the economic feasibility of biomass boiler plants with specific regard to an existing residential building. An Italian case study is further investigated, focusing the attention on European and national regulations on energy efficiency and considering the recent public incentives and supporting measures. The main thermoclimatic parameters—that is, heating degree days (HDDs), building thermal insulation and thermal needs—are taken into account. Moreover, the following economic indicators are calculated: cumulative cash flow, discounted cumulative cash flow, payback period (PP), net present value (NPV), Internal rate of return (IRR), discounted payback period (DPP), and profit index (PI).

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Khan, Salah Ud-Din, and Jamel Orfi. "Socio-Economic and Environmental Impact of Nuclear Desalination." Water 13, no. 12 (June 10, 2021): 1637. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w13121637.

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Nuclear desalination concept and implementation spanning 50 years are recognized as an economical viable option for water and electricity production but could not receive wider applications. This is due to various factors, in addition to technical design parameters, other factors, such as social, economic, and environmental issues, need to be considered. For this purpose, the current studies start with performing a critical and up-to-date literature review on previous investigations in the field of nuclear reactors and integrated nuclear power with desalination plants with a specific focus on performance criteria, technical specifications, etc. Reviewing and compiling the most updated technical specifications, cost estimations, and environmental data related to nuclear power and desalination plants are also important steps. Previous studies show a special focus on other important issues on nuclear desalination characteristics in countries including Saudi Arabia, Egypt, United Arab Emirates, Pakistan, India, and Kuwait. This work presents a concise review of previous works on the relevancy of other issues, such as economic, environmental, and social, associated with the use of nuclear energy in power generation and fresh water production. Preliminary assessment of possible hybrid configurations of nuclear and desalination technologies is developed and assessed by a computational program. Both operating and capital cost of the integrated plants are calculated. The simulation model is then extended to compare with other heating reactors as well for the verification analysis. The results obtained from comparative assessment depicts the accuracy of the simulation model used for preliminary assessment of the integrated nuclear desalination option. The main objective of the research is to assess the nuclear desalination plant development in terms of social, economic and environmental aspects. The results will pave the way for countries interested in developing nuclear desalination plants.

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Fujii, Shin, Takaaki Furubayashi, and Toshihiko Nakata. "Design and Analysis of District Heating Systems Utilizing Excess Heat in Japan." Energies 12, no. 7 (March 28, 2019): 1202. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12071202.

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District heating systems (DHSs) which utilize excess heat play an important role in energy infrastructure in many European countries. In contrast to Europe, the DHS is not common and excess heat is not reused effectively in Japan. Almost all the DHSs in Japan were designed as first-generation district heating (1GDH) systems or 2GDH systems. No 4GDH systems have been introduced in Japan. The present study designs a 4GDH system utilizing excess heat from a wide area of Northern Japan and evaluates its feasibility. First, available heat amounts from two excess heat resources were calculated: waste incineration plants and thermal power plants. Second, heat demand from both residential and commercial sectors was estimated using a 1 km mesh, and a heat load curve was created for each mesh based on load curve data. Third, the DHS was designed with excess heat plants as a supply-side heat resource, and spatial information of the demand side made use of the geographical information system (GIS). Further analysis was conducted on selected DHSs in three cities in order to evaluate those systems’ feasibility based on energy efficiency, CO2 emissions, and economic aspects. The result shows that 70.5 PJ of heat can be supplied by DHS in Northern Japan, replacing imported fossil fuels such as petroleum and LPG with regional excess heat. The designed DHS could supply heat with equivalent costs compared to European countries.

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Panchenko, Olga, Maryna Domashenko, Oleksii Lyulyov, Nataliya Dalevska, Tetyana Pimonenko, and Natalia Letunovska. "Objectivation of the Ecological and Economic Losses from Solid Domestic Waste at the Heating Enterprises." Management Systems in Production Engineering 29, no. 3 (June 24, 2021): 235–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/mspe-2021-0029.

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Abstract The aim of this research is to study theoretical and practical aspects of the ecological and economic losses from the use of solid domestic waste (SDW) as energy resources in the heat power industry of Ukraine. The methodical approaches to evaluating the ecological and economic losses caused by solid domestic waste (SDW) comprise: the developed algorithm, which evaluates the ecological and economic losses in the SDW use as fuel and energy resources in comparison with basic and project variant; the investigated morphological composition of SDW in the Ukrainian regions, on the basis of which there is proposed a matrix for further calculations of the ecological and economic loss from atmospheric pollution as a result of the energy-intensive SDW combustion at the power plants by the Ukrainian regions. The efficiency of using SDW as secondary energy resources, which essentially depends on the conventional energy resources combustion, is proved. According to the chemical and morphological composition of SDW, the average amount of harmful substances by their element constituents of SDW is determined. The economic loss from the combusting 1 ton of SDW as energy resources is estimated. Reasonability of using SDW as energy resources, based on the optimal ratio between conventional resources and energy-intensive SDW through minimizing total production costs and possible ecological and economic loss, is grounded. It is proved that while estimating the ecological and economic losses, it is necessary to consider the SDW morphological composition and regional specific features regarding the location of heat and power enterprises and organized storage landfills. It is grounded that the obtained estimates of the ecological and economic losses may be used for identifying the ecological and economic evaluation of the SDW efficiency use in the heat power industry at the regional level.

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Tîrtea, Raluca-Nicoleta, and Cosmin Mărculescu. "Aspects of using biomass as energy source for power generation." Proceedings of the International Conference on Business Excellence 11, no. 1 (July 1, 2017): 181–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/picbe-2017-0019.

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AbstractBiomass represents an important source of renewable energy in Romania with about 64% of the whole available green energy. Being a priority for the energy sector worldwide, in our country the development stage is poor compared to solar and wind energy. Biomass power plants offer great horizontal economy development, local and regional economic growth with benefic effects on life standard. The paper presents an analysis on biomass to power conversion solutions compared to fossil fuels using two main processes: combustion and gasification. Beside the heating value, which can be considerably higher for fossil fuels compared to biomass, a big difference between fossil fuels and biomass can be observed in the sulphur content. While the biomass sulphur content is between 0 and approximately 1%, the sulphur content of coal can reach 4%. Using coal in power plants requires important investments in installations of flue gas desulfurization. If limestone is used to reduce SO2emissions, then additional carbon dioxide moles will be released during the production of CaO from CaCO3. Therefore, fossil fuels not only release a high amount of carbon dioxide through burning, but also through the caption of sulphur dioxide, while biomass is considered CO2neutral. Biomass is in most of the cases represented by residues, so it is a free fuel compared to fossil fuels. The same power plant can be used even if biomass or fossil fuels is used as a feedstock with small differences. The biomass plant could need a drying system due to high moisture content of the biomass, while the coal plant will need a desulfurization installation of flue gas and additional money will be spent with fuel purchasing.

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Scott, Andrew C., William G. Chaloner, Claire M. Belcher, and Christopher I. Roos. "The interaction of fire and mankind: Introduction." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 371, no. 1696 (June 5, 2016): 20150162. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2015.0162.

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Fire has been an important part of the Earth system for over 350 Myr. Humans evolved in this fiery world and are the only animals to have used and controlled fire. The interaction of mankind with fire is a complex one, with both positive and negative aspects. Humans have long used fire for heating, cooking, landscape management and agriculture, as well as for pyrotechnologies and in industrial processes over more recent centuries. Many landscapes need fire but population expansion into wildland areas creates a tension between different interest groups. Extinguishing wildfires may not always be the correct solution. A combination of factors, including the problem of invasive plants, landscape change, climate change, population growth, human health, economic, social and cultural attitudes that may be transnational make a re-evaluation of fire and mankind necessary. The Royal Society meeting on Fire and mankind was held to address these issues and the results of these deliberations are published in this volume. This article is part of the themed issue ‘The interaction of fire and mankind’.

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Cardona, E., and A. Piacentino. "A Validation Methodology for a Combined Heating Cooling and Power (CHCP) Pilot Plant." Journal of Energy Resources Technology 126, no. 4 (December 1, 2004): 285–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1803849.

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A great number of variables significantly influence the energetic, environmental and economic results of CHP (Combined Heating and Power) and CHCP (Combined Heating Cooling and Power) plants operation, and as a consequence their project activity is rather complex. In order to select the best layout and properly size the machines, detailed data on hourly electric, thermal, and cooling demand are necessary, so that a series of plant life cycle simulations may have to be carried out. Unfortunately, such detailed data are rarely available, because energy consumptions data for existing buildings are usually derived from aggregated monthly or bimonthly gas and electricity bills. Even more difficulties are encountered for new types of buildings, for which no consumptions data are available. In such cases, the most common procedure consists in performing, using case-oriented criteria, an estimate of the thermal and cooling consumption levels, and to refine it during construction, if necessary. This is the case of an existing medium size CHCP pilot plant for office buildings that covers the electrical, thermal, and cooling loads of two office buildings situated in a Mediterranean area (Palermo, Sicily, Italy). Estimated demand profiles were used; the effect on thermal demand of the conversion of the cooling load into thermal one through an absorption chiller was assessed. This is a very significant aspect in all warm climates zones. Cumulative curves were obtained for the aggregate thermal demand, by summing the heat direct applications and the heat consumptions for feeding the absorption chiller. In this paper the existing plant was compared with other plant configurations, varying both for machine sizes and management criterion, in order to affirm whether or not the plant selected by the designer in a simplified manner was or not an appropriate solution. The comparison was performed from an energetic and economic viewpoint.

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Melian, Eloy, Harald Klein, and Nikolaus Thißen. "Economic Optimization of Rotary Heat Exchangers Using CO2 Pricing Scenarios Based on Validated Fluid Dynamic and Thermodynamic-Based Simulation." Energies 14, no. 13 (July 4, 2021): 4037. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14134037.

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Rotary heat exchangers have been widely used in paint shops, combustion power plants, and in heating, ventilation, and air conditioning systems in buildings. For these processes, many types of heat exchangers are available in the market: Tube-shell heat exchangers, plate heat exchangers, and rotary heat exchangers, among others. For the rotary heat exchangers, the problem is that there is no net present value method and lifecycle assessment method-based optimization found in the literature. In this work, we address this issue: An optimization is carried out with help of an empirically validated simulation model, a life-cycle assessment model, an economical assessment, and an optimization algorithm. The objective function of the optimization simultaneously considers economic and environmental aspects by using different CO2 pricing. Different CO2 pricing scenarios lead to different optimization results. The ambient air empty tube velocity va, 2.1 optimum was found at 1.2 m/s, which corresponds to a specific mass flow msp of 5.4 kg/(m2·h). For the wave angle β, the optimum was found in the range between 58° and 60°. For the wave height h* the optimum values were found to be between 2.64 mm and 2.77 mm. Finally, for the rotary heat exchanger length l, the optimum was found to be between 220 mm and 236 mm. The optimization results show that there is still potential for technical improvements in the design and operation of rotary heat exchangers. In general terms, we recommend that the optimized rotary heat exchanger should cause less pressure drop while resulting in similar heat recovery efficiency. This is because the life cycle assessment shows that the use phase for rotary heat exchangers has the biggest impact on greenhouse gases, specifically by saving on Scope 2 emissions.

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Martinaitis, Vytautas. "FACTORS OF THERMODYNAMICAL APPROACH TO BUILDINGS LIFE CYCLE/PASTATO GYVAVIMO CIKLO TERMODINAMINIO VERTINIMO VEIKSNIAI." JOURNAL OF CIVIL ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT 2, no. 7 (September 30, 1996): 75–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/13921525.1996.10531660.

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The article suggests that non-industrial buildings in Lithuania consume half the final energy including appr.70% heat produced in electric power plants and boiler-houses. In order to ensure standard heating and ventilation conditions for these buildings in terms of climate parameters of a normal year it would require heat consumption of some 22 TWh. However, the energy is required not only for operation and maintenance of the building (for active microclimatic conditioning systems—AMCS), but also for setting up the building (for passive microclimatic conditioning systems—PMCS). The above input is therefore determined by technological level in the building and building materials industries. Rather exact evaluations show that in the course of several next years already, primary energy consumption used for a building maintenance shall be equal to that used while construction thereof. In terms of a building life cycle, this is a fairly short term. Therefore these buildings in terms of energetic approach make an intensive energy-consumption system. It is hereby suggested to apply an exergic analysis for a life cycle of a building under certain climatic conditions and PMCS and AMCS combinations defined by the local produce technology level. Using solely economical (both direct or derived) criteria for this intention is therefore insufficient, because the reliability of economic forecasts for longer prospect falls below any other forecasts of physical quantities. As an example for this, a globally-ecological evaluation of energetic systems based on thermodynamics is therefore presented, and is characterised by thermo-economic and exergo-economic criteria. Further, the article provides formulas and indices for thermodynamic evaluation of climatic conditions which indicate minimum requirements of exergy for operation of AMCS. Furthermore, MCS operating points and zones characteristic of different climatic regions are provided. Tasks for MCS thermodynamic analysis have been formulated to include the processes of production of building and insulation materials, and construction erection process. These should be considered the first three stages of the above task: indices of present exergic input in production of materials; forecast of potential exergic input in production of materials; thermodynamic optimisation of technological processes and equipment of building materials. It is therefore considered, that the integration of separate exergic loss components of building life cycle into a general optimisation task shall enable establishment of thermodynamically-optimum combination of exergic use in the buildings under concrete climatic conditions. This would launch, apart from economic, social and ecological aspects, an approach for handling strategic issues of construction and energetic interaction.

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Mihajlovic, Marina, Ana Veljasevic, Jovan Jovanovic, and Mica Jovanovic. "Estimation of evaporative losses during storage of crude oil and petroleum products." Chemical Industry 67, no. 1 (2013): 165–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/hemind120301050s.

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Storage of crude oil and petroleum products inevitably leads to evaporative losses. Those losses are important for the industrial plants mass balances, as well as for the environmental protection. In this paper, estimation of evaporative losses was performed using software program TANKS 409d which was developed by the Agency for Environmental Protection of the United States - US EPA. Emissions were estimated for the following types of storage tanks: fixed conical roof tank, fixed dome roof tank, external floating roof tank, internal floating roof tank and domed external floating roof tank. Obtained results show quantities of evaporated losses per tone of stored liquid. Crude oil fixed roof storage tank losses are cca 0.5 kg per tone of crude oil. For floating roof, crude oil losses are 0.001 kg/t. Fuel oil (diesel fuel and heating oil) have the smallest evaporation losses, which are in order of magnitude 10-3 kg/tone. Liquids with higher Reid Vapour Pressure have very high evaporative losses for tanks with fixed roof, up to 2.07 kg/tone. In case of external floating roof tank, losses are 0.32 kg/tone. The smallest losses are for internal floating roof tank and domed external floating roof tank: 0.072 and 0.044, respectively. Finally, it can be concluded that the liquid with low volatility of low BTEX amount can be stored in tanks with fixed roof. In this case, the prevailing economic aspect, because the total amount of evaporative loss does not significantly affect the environment. On the other hand, storage of volatile derivatives with high levels of BTEX is not justified from the economic point of view or from the standpoint of the environment protection.

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Agrell, Per J., and Peter Bogetoft. "Economic and environmental efficiency of district heating plants." Energy Policy 33, no. 10 (July 2005): 1351–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2003.12.011.

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Ravina, M., D. Panepinto, and M. Zanetti. "District heating system: Evaluation of environmental and economic aspects." International Journal of Environmental Impacts: Management, Mitigation and Recovery 1, no. 4 (January 15, 2018): 420–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.2495/ei-v1-n4-420-432.

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Siena, Sergio. "Technical-economic aspects of small geothermal power plants." Geothermics 17, no. 1 (January 1988): 75–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0375-6505(88)90006-5.

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Palkovics, András, Kata Hiri, Adrienn Szilágyi, Attila Nagy, and Fanni Jójárt. "Economic aspects of the processing of vegetable plants." Gradus 7, no. 2 (2020): 62–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.47833/2020.2.agr.012.

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Taşdemiroǧlu, E., and M. Awad. "Technical and economic aspects of solar space heating in Turkey." Energy 15, no. 11 (November 1990): 1035–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0360-5442(90)90030-6.

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Caouris, Y. G., E. T. Kantsos, and N. G. Zagouras. "Economic aspects of low-temperature multi-effect desalination plants." Desalination 71, no. 2 (January 1989): 177–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0011-9164(89)80008-6.

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Hajabdollahi, Hassan, and Zahra Hajabdollahi. "Economic feasibility of trigeneration plants for various prime movers and triple load demands." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part E: Journal of Process Mechanical Engineering 231, no. 3 (July 31, 2015): 371–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954408915597832.

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In this paper, after thermal and economic modeling of cogeneration plant, this system is optimized to find the optimal prime mover and their benefit for various cooling, heating, and electrical demand loads. To find the optimal prime mover and their benefit for each triple load, two new nondimensional design parameters including electric cooling ratio and nominal power ratio are defined. It is observed that, for example, for higher electrical and lower heating load demands, the gas engine is more profitable while for higher electrical and heating load demands, diesel engine is more profitable. In addition, some ranges of demand loads at which using CCHP plant is not profitable (in comparison with traditional system) are also obtained and presented. The optimum results obtained in NO SELL mode show that the highest values of actual annual benefit (AAB) are obtained for highest values of electrical load demand. This region corresponds with values of Hdmn/ Qdmn (heating to cooling load demand ratio) in the range of 1.5–3.5. The highest values of AAB for SELL mode are obtained to be in the range of 0.5–3.5 for Hdmn/ Qdmn (heating to cooling load demand ratio).

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Dzikuć, M., and K. Łasiński. "Technical and Economic Aspects of Low Emission Reduction in Poland." International Journal of Applied Mechanics and Engineering 22, no. 4 (December 20, 2017): 1107–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ijame-2017-0072.

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Abstract The paper presents the problem of excessive air pollution in Poland caused mainly by low emission. The emission arises in result of heating flats by means of old and energetically inefficient heating installations. In Poland and Bulgaria the inhaled air is of the worst quality out of all EU countries. The paper presents economic and technical problems related to low emission occurring during the combustion of solid fuels in local boiler houses. Furthermore, the most significant economic issues, connected with the reduction of low emission are discussed, as well as technological possibilities of efficient reduction of the amount of pollution in the atmosphere. Conclusions are presented at the end of the article.

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Badescu, Viorel. "Economic aspects of using ground thermal energy for passive house heating." Renewable Energy 32, no. 6 (May 2007): 895–903. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2006.04.006.

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Dzikuć, Maciej, Piotr Kuryło, Rafał Dudziak, Szymon Szufa, Maria Dzikuć, and Karolina Godzisz. "Selected Aspects of Combustion Optimization of Coal in Power Plants." Energies 13, no. 9 (May 2, 2020): 2208. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13092208.

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Growing ecological standards force the implementation of solutions that will contribute to reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions to the atmosphere. This is particularly important in Poland, whose energy system is almost 80% based on coal. In the interest of low carbon development it is worth considering the optimization of existing old coal-based power plants. The main goal of the research was to present the benefits of modernization of existing boiler equipment and to analyze the combustion process of various types of coal sorts that have a significant impact on the optimization of the production processes of energy media. An analysis of the processes occurring in boiler devices during the combustion of fuel was carried out, which had a significant impact on the quality of generated heat and electricity. The conducted research defined technological solutions for boiler structures that have a significant impact on improving the efficiency of the technological process in heating plants and the characteristics of coal as energy fuel. Practical technical and modernization solutions have been proposed that contribute to the optimization of coal combustion processes, resulting in increased energy efficiency of the heating plant.

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Ключнікова, Марина Володимирівна. "Theoretic and legal aspects of capital fund reproduction of district heating plants." Technology audit and production reserves 1, no. 6(21) (January 29, 2015): 47. http://dx.doi.org/10.15587/2312-8372.2015.38627.

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Menéndez, Javier, and Jorge Loredo. "An economic assessment of lignocellulosic biomass power plants." E3S Web of Conferences 191 (2020): 02003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202019102003.

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In 2016, electricity generation from solid biomass increased by 0.7 Mtoe in EU, compared with 2015, to 10.3 Mtoe (119.78 TWh), a 7.6% growth rate. Solid biomass may be used for: i) heating & cooling and hot water for domestic uses, ii) heating for industrial processes and iii) power generation. Unlike other renewable energy sources (RES), such as wind and solar photovoltaic (intermittent energy sources), solid biomass power plants provide dispatchable energy when needed. Therefore, the security of supply could also be increased. In addition, the use of solid biomass has significant advantages, such as the creation of jobs related to the power plant and collection of raw material used to produce energy. In this paper, an economic assessment of forest biomass power plants is carried out in the Iberian electricity system. According to current Spanish electrical regulation, in which three economic parameters are considered as income (day-ahead market, operation and investment), an economic model has been developed for the regulatory useful life (25 years). Investment costs for biomass power plants of 15, 30 and 50 MWe have been estimated. Operation & Maintenance and fuel costs, considering different prices of wet biomass (50-60 € t-1) with a moisture content of 40% and a lower calorific value of 2.8 MWh t-1 on average, have also been considered in the economic model. Net Present Value (NPV), Internal Rate of Return (IRR) and payback period have been obtained in all scenarios. The results obtained show that a biomass power plant with a power of 50 MWe may produce 337.5 GWh year-1of net electrical energy using 446.43 kt year-1 of wet biomass. Considering a price of electrical energy of 145 € MWh-1 and a woody biomass cost of 0.0178 € kWh-1, the NPV and IRR reach 165.6 M€ and 17.63%, respectively.

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Fedirko, Mykhajlo, and Julia Krivohizha. "REGIONAL ASPECTS OF TARIFF POLICY OF MUNICIPAL HEATING ENTERPRISES." Regional’ni aspekti rozvitku produktivnih sil Ukraїni, no. 23 (2018): 10–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.35774/rarrpsu2018.23.010.

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The regional aspects of tariff regulation of municipal heat and power enterprises are investigated. The approaches to the formation of tariffs at the regional level are determined. The economic efficiency of tariff policy taking into account the powers of local self-government bodies is analyzed. Recommendations for improving tariff policy are developed.

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Shesho, Igor, Risto Filkoski, and Done Tashevski. "Techno-economic and environmental optimization of heat supply systems in urban areas." Thermal Science 22, Suppl. 5 (2018): 1635–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci18s5635s.

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The present work deals with an optimization model for selection of optimal heating structure in urban areas also considering the environmental aspects. The optimization model was established in order to facilitate the decision making during selection phase of heat sources locations and defining the boundaries of their action at the pre-design phase of heat supply schemes development of settlements. Within the model is performed comparative analysis between ten heating systems, whereas as leading criteria in the comparison procedure are considered heat load density per unit of area, techno-economic aspects, and environmental impact. The optimization result actually defines the optimal heating system type in regard of the heat load density per unit area. The model provides possibility in defining standard values of heat density indicators, according to which can be assessed the economic feasibility of implementing district heating system for the selected urban area. The less value of heat density in the system, the higher specific costs for generation, distribution, and transmission of heat energy. Further-more, the model is applied and verified for the local urban, infrastructural, technical and environmental conditions of the city of Skopje. The process of determination of optimal heating structure has holistic approach, where, beside techno-economic aspects and feasibility, the environmental aspect of different heating systems is considered as a major factor (threat) in air pollution.

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Huang, Dongliu, Jianluan Guo, and Wenjun Ouyang. "Economical research on optimizing heating parameters of steam heating condensate recovery in thermal power plants." Thermal Science 25, no. 4 Part B (2021): 3209–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci2104209h.

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The paper starts with calculating the share of heat of condensate in thermal power plants in the total heat of steam, expounds the purpose, significance, and principle requirements of condensate recovery. Introduces the composition and classification of condensate recovery system, proposes technical and economic indicators for condensate recovery, and derives them a simple algorithm for the benefit of condensate recovery is presented. Finally, two calculation examples are used to illustrate the considerable benefits of condensate recovery.

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Oldfield, John W., and Brian Todd. "Technical and economic aspects of stainless steels in MSF desalination plants." Desalination 124, no. 1-3 (November 1999): 75–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0011-9164(99)00090-9.

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Tomic, Tihomir, Boris Cosic, and Daniel Schneider. "Influence of legislative conditioned changes in waste management on economic viability of MSW-fuelled district heating system: Case study." Thermal Science 20, no. 4 (2016): 1105–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci160212114t.

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District heating systems represents one of the ways by which the European Union is trying to reach set goals in energy efficiency and security field. These systems allow the use of different energy sources including local energy sources such as waste and biomass. This paper provides economic viability assessment of using these fuels in the district heating system. Economic evaluation is based on regression analysis from data of existing plants and on the locally dependent data. Some of parameters that are dependent of local parameters are price and available fuel quantity, therefore these values are separately modelled; biomass as a function of location of the plant while municipal waste as a function of location and the time changes in waste quantity and composition which depend of socio-economic trends and legislation. This methodology is applied on the case of district heating plants in the City of Zagreb where internal rates of return are calculated for four considered scenarios. Results indicate that waste powered plant can improve its profitability by co-combusting other local wastes while economic viability is achieved by introduction of region wide waste management system. Reducing plant capacity, based on prognosis of waste generation, showed that these plants can be competitive with biomass plants.

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Dodoo, Ambrose. "Techno-economic and environmental performances of heating systems for single-family code-compliant and passive houses." E3S Web of Conferences 111 (2019): 03039. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201911103039.

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In this study the implications of different energy efficiency requirements and heating solutions for versions of a single-family house in southern Sweden is explored. Final energy use, primary energy use, climate impacts and lifecycle cost of heat supply are analyzed for the building versions designed to meet the current Swedish BBR 2015 building code and heated with district heating or exhaust air heat pump. A case where the building is designed to the Swedish passive house criteria and heated with exhaust air heat pump is also analyzed. The district heating is assumed to be supplied from combined heat and power plants using bio-based fuels. For the heat pump solutions, cases are analyzed where the electricity supply is from coal-fired condensing power plant or fossil gas combined cycle power plant as baseline scenario, and from a combination of improved fossil power plants and non-fossil power plants as long-term scenario. The analysis considers the entire energy chain from natural resources to the final energy services. The results show that the BBR heat pump heated building use the most primary energy compared to the other two alternatives. Lifecycle cost is reduced by about 7-12% when district heating is used instead of heat pump for a BBR code-compliant building. This study shows the importance of lifecycle and system-wide perspectives in analyzing the resource efficiency and climate impacts as well as economic viabilities of heating solutions for houses.

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Szreder, Mariusz. "Economical and technical aspects of using air heat pumps for hot water." E3S Web of Conferences 46 (2018): 00014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20184600014.

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The paper presents selected technical and economic aspects related to the use of air heat pumps for the preparation of domestic hot water DHW. The research shows that heating the water in the 130 dm3 storage tank with the A21/W30-50 profile lasted an average of 130 minutes, and the heat pump consumed about 2.2 kWh of energy per one heating cycle. Heating water in a 130 dm3 storage tank from 25°C to 40°C lasted an average of 60 minutes, while heating water for another 5°C took 30 minutes. The operation of the heat pump in the higher temperature of the water in the storage tank is less effective, making the heating of water in the tank above 50°C is ineffective.

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Savu, Ionel Danut, Sorin Vasile Savu, Dalia Simion, NicuȘor-Alin Sirbu, Mirela Ciornei, and Sorin Aurel Ratiu. "PP in 3D Printing - Technical and Economic Aspects." Materiale Plastice 56, no. 4 (December 30, 2019): 931–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.37358/mp.19.4.5286.

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FDM is 3D printing technology using mainly PLA and ABS as filament materials. PP has close characteristics to PLA and, due to that, is a potential material for for deposition. Paper aims to analyse the behaviour of PP during heating cycle specific to 3D printing process. Macroscopic and microscopic analysis of the deposited strings have been performed. They revealed less stiffness of the PP deposition comparing to PLA, which is due to the lower viscosity of PP. DSC Thermal analysis has been done at it revealed a 30% higher heat flux in PP comparing to PLA and that increases its fluidity. It was recorded a difference between the elongation viscosity of the PP filament and the PP deposited by FDM process. After 5s the deposited PP proves higher values for the elongation viscosity. Dynamic shear rheology measurements the was applied on samples deformed under 210 kN at 190oC. It has been found that the PP requires lower storage energy and that means that it has a lower viscosity for the entire range of applied frequencies. In the same time, the complex viscosities prove different behavior. To improve the control of the deposition shape, it is necessary to reduce the extrusion temperature with 4-5%. That leads to economy in power consumption.

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Rak, Aleksandra. "Selected aspects of technological innovations management in district heating companies." MATEC Web of Conferences 183 (2018): 04003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201818304003.

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The accession of Poland to the EU results in the realization of EU directives, including the field of energy efficiency and CO2 emissions. The regulations oblige enterprises that produce and distribute heat to technical activities involving the use of existing heat sources and modernization of thermal networks, as well as economic and environmental optimization of the heat supply process. The implementation of these projects requires a change in the way the energy sector is managed and thoroughly restructured by implementing and applying technological and product innovations. The article discusses the legal and environmental conditions of the heat market in Poland, the key challenges for the heating industry and selected innovations in heating companies regarding two areas: technical infrastructure and management of the heat production and transmission.

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Ciapała, Bartłomiej, Jakub Jurasz, and Mirosław Janowski. "Ultra-low-temperature district heating systems – a way to maximise the ecological and economical effect of an investment?" E3S Web of Conferences 44 (2018): 00018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20184400018.

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One of the most challenging aspects of a new district heating (DH) design is its general performance, which will determine the ecological and economic impacts of the investment. Choosing the lowest applicable temperatures which are distributed via ultra-low-temperature district heating (ULTDH) systems may yield the desired results. The article elaborates the economic and ecological aspects of the application of ULTDH. The results of the analysis indicate that the capacity factor may be significantly improved, while the overall ecological effects of the investment are strongly dependent on the previously used heat source and the source of electric power.

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Bianco, Vincenzo, Annalisa Marchitto, Federico Scarpa, and Luca A. Tagliafico. "Heat pumps for buildings heating: Energy, environmental, and economic issues." Energy & Environment 31, no. 1 (July 10, 2018): 116–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0958305x18787272.

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The present paper analyzes the Italian energy system focusing on the possible energy, environmental, and economic effects that the utilization of individual heat pumps for winter heating can produce. To this aim, a model of the Italian energy system is developed by employing the tool EnergyPLAN in order to develop an hourly simulation of the system at country level. Different scenarios in terms of heat pumps penetration, ranging between 10% and 50%, are simulated and sensitivity analyses in terms of average coefficient of performance of heat pumps are performed. The increase of heat pumps generation shows a steadily decrease of fossil fuel consumption for buildings heating, as well as a reduction of carbon emissions. The utilization of heat pumps for buildings heating leads to an increase of 10 p.p. in the load factor of the combined cycle gas turbine thermal power plants. Furthermore, an optimal heat pumps penetration is determined, namely 20%, which minimizes the energy system costs, calculated as the sum of fuel cost and externalities savings.

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van der Velden, N. J. A. "FARM-ECONOMIC ASPECTS OF LOW TEMPERATURE ENERGY FOR HEATING IN THE DUTCH GLASSHOUSE-INDUSTRY." Acta Horticulturae, no. 245 (August 1989): 203–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.1989.245.26.

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van der Velden, N. J. A. "FARM-ECONOMIC ASPECTS OF LOW TEMPERATURE ENERGY FOR HEATING IN THE DUTCH GLASSHOUSE-INDUSTRY." Acta Horticulturae, no. 295 (May 1991): 93–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.1991.295.11.

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Huculak, Maciej, Wojciech Jarczewski, and Magdalena Dej. "Economic aspects of the use of deep geothermal heat in district heating in Poland." Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 49 (September 2015): 29–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2015.04.057.

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Tarasov, D. V., A. V. Sorokin, and G. B. Lazarev. "Economic and ecological aspects of installation of variable-frequency drives at municipal heating enterprises." Power Technology and Engineering 41, no. 1 (January 2007): 57–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10749-007-0013-4.

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Ribeiro, Ana, Alison M. Berry, Katharina Pawlowski, and Patrícia Santos. "Actinorhizal plants." Functional Plant Biology 38, no. 9 (2011): v. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/fpv38n9_fo.

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Actinorhizal plants are a group of taxonomically diverse angiosperms with remarkable economic and ecological significance. Most actinorhizal plants are able to thrive under extreme adverse environmental conditions as well as to fix atmospheric nitrogen due to their capacity to establish root nodule symbioses with Frankia bacteria. This special issue of Functional Plant Biology is dedicated to actinorhizal plant research, covering part of the work presented at the 16th International Meeting onFrankia and Actinorhizal Plants, held on 5–8 September 2010, in Oporto, Portugal. The papers (4 reviews and 10 original articles) give an overall picture of the status of actinorhizal plant research and the imposed challenges, covering several aspects of the symbiosis, ecology and molecular tools.

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Lo, Shang-Lien, and Ya-Chi Tsao. "Economic analysis of waste minimization for electroplating plants." Water Science and Technology 36, no. 2-3 (July 1, 1997): 383–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1997.0564.

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The purpose of this study was to investigate the application of waste minimization technology to electroplating plants and to evaluate the economic aspects of such an application. Waste minimization in electroplating plants can be classified into two categories: recycling and source reduction. Generally, source reduction takes priority before the other and is the most economic tool for waste minimization. Reduction of spent cleaning solutions and drag-out minimization are two major tasks, in which 86% and 60%, respectively, of the plants reviewed were involved, while 74% of the electroplating plants utilized purification equipment to recycle raw materials. In the electroplating process, some heavy metals and rinse water can be recycled. Most of the plants that were investigated recycle the effluent water to the rinse process for further use. From the results of the case study, the cost of the equipment and the utilization rate of the facilities have greater influence on the net present value (NPV) than other factors. Therefore, if the cost or the utilization rate of the facilities varies, re-evaluation will be needed.

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Niedermair, Franz. "Homogenization Aspects, Continuous versus Batch in an Integrated Modern Casthouse." Materials Science Forum 630 (October 2009): 85–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.630.85.

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Continuous homogenizing for extrusion billets has become the accepted standard and state of the art technology. Hertwich Engineering (HE) has, to date, built more than 120 such plants worldwide, which are processing some two thirds of the worldwide extrusion billet production. Batch type homogenizing is still the best suited technology for various alloys which require long holding times, e.g. 4 – 12 hours, as well as for large-only log diameter production. Again, HE has in recent years supplied several batch homogenizing plants. Topics: • Process technology, heating, holding, different types of coolers • New log support saddle design, exit car, no rolling of logs with focus to good billet surface finish • Automated sawing, packing • High efficiency batch furnace and cooler with reversing air and precise temperature regime

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Mysak, Yo S., M. F. Zayats, and T. I. Rуmar. "RESEARCHES OF ECONOMIC INDICATORS OF WORK MODERNIZED RAH-98." Energy Technologies & Resource Saving, no. 4 (December 20, 2017): 27–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.33070/etars.4.2017.05.

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An analysis of the existing methods and schemes of heating the air by combustion products in the tailings of the heating boiler indicates that such measures provide an opportunity to increase the efficiency and reliability of power plants, as well as increase the efficiency of boiler plants. This paper considers the results of the study of the economic performance of the modernized RAH-98 boiler TGMP-314 A 300 MW on natural gas in the range of load variation of the power unit 160–260 MW and on the fuel oil in the range of load variation of the power unit 200–260 MW. Experiments were carried out at a stable mode of operation of the boiler in two stages: for the off and for the included scheme of suction environment from the seals of RAH. The average increase in the efficiency of the boiler is 0.35 % gross during operation of the boiler, both on natural gas and on fuel oil in the specified range of loads. Absorption of air in RAH for loads of the power unit 160–260 MW for the included circuitry is reduced by 7 % on average compared to the disconnected circuit. Bibl. 10, Fig. 5.

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Vasilyeva, O. Yu, O. V. Dorogina, I. N. Kuban, I. Ya Sarlaeva, and L. V. Buglova. "Methodical aspects of studying of bioresource collections of rare and economic valuable plants." Horticulture and viticulture 4, no. 4 (August 31, 2018): 12–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.31676/0235-2591-2018-4-12-18.

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Sedady, Fatima, and Mohammad Ali Beheshtinia. "A novel MCDM model for prioritizing the renewable power plants’ construction." Management of Environmental Quality: An International Journal 30, no. 2 (March 11, 2019): 383–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/meq-05-2018-0102.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to propose a new multi-criteria decision making (MCDM) technique to determine the priority of renewable power plants construction conceding technical, economic, social, political and environmental aspects. Design/methodology/approach First, a comprehensive set of 5 main criteria of technical, economic, social, political and environmental are considered for renewable power plants construction, each including 5 sub-criteria (a total of 25 sub-criteria). Then, the analytic hierarchy process method is used to determine the weight of the criteria. Finally, a new MCDM technique proposed to prioritize the construction of renewable power plants, named TOPKOR. To demonstrate the capability of the proposed method, a case study is conducted in which six types of renewable power plants are evaluated. Findings Comparison results of the main criteria weights show that the “economic” [0.403], “environmental” [0.296] and “technical” [0.17] aspects have the highest importance, respectively. The results also show that solar, hydroelectric and wave and tidal power plants have the highest priority for construction, respectively. Research limitations/implications The result of this research could be useful for related decision makers in construction of the renewable power plants to have a comprehensive set of criteria in technical, economic, social, political and environmental aspects in their decision process. Originality/value This research provides a comprehensive set of criteria and sub-criteria for prioritizing the renewable power plants. Moreover, a new hybrid MCDM technique is introduced for prioritizing the construction of power plants.

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Zhiznin, S. Z., and V. M. Timokhov. "Geopolitical and Economic Aspects of Nuclear Energy." MGIMO Review of International Relations, no. 4(43) (August 28, 2015): 64–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.24833/2071-8160-2015-4-43-64-73.

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Nuclear power in its present form was created during the Cold War and is its heritage. The main objective of nuclear energy at that time, along with energy, was the creation and accumulation of nuclear materials. To this aim a existing nuclear power plants based on uranium-plutonium cycle. Everything else - the processing of radioactive waste and spent nuclear fuel, storage, recycling themselves nuclear power plant after its end of life, the risks of proliferation of nuclear materials and other environmental issues - minor. It was also believed that the nuclear power plant - the most reliable and safe plant. During the last twenty years all over the world the number of new orders for nuclear aggregates has decreased. That happens for a number of reasons, including public resistance, that the construction of new NPP and the excess of energy utilities in many markets, which is mainly connected with high market competition in energy markets and low economic indicators of the current nuclear utilities. The technology that consists of low capital costs, a possibility for quick construction and guarantied exploitation quality is on the winners side, but currently this technology is absent. However, despite abovementioned downsides, as the experience of state corporation "Rosatom"has shown, many developing countries of the South-east Asia, The middle East, African regions express high interest in the development of nuclear energy in their countries. The decision whether to develop nuclear energy or to continue to develop is, in the end, up to the choice of the tasks that a country faces. The article describes these "minor" issues, as well as geopolitical and economic problems of the further development of nuclear energy.

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Värri, Konsta, and Sanna Syri. "The Possible Role of Modular Nuclear Reactors in District Heating: Case Helsinki Region." Energies 12, no. 11 (June 10, 2019): 2195. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12112195.

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To answer the challenges presented by climate change, all aspects of our energy systems have to carry out a rapid transition towards decarbonisation. This is especially true for the European heating sector that still relies heavily on fossil fuels. District heating systems have been traditionally praised for their efficiency, but replacing old fossil fuel based combined heat and power (CHP) plants is an ongoing challenge, and also the sustainability of biomass as a large-scale option can be considered questionable. Small modular nuclear reactors are one of the potential sources of future CO2-free district heat production. We evaluate the suitability and cost-effectiveness of these plants for district heating through literature review and scenario modelling. The technical aspects of small modular reactors seem promising but there is still a significant amount of uncertainty around both their costs and deployability. The scenario modelling assesses the investment in 300 MWdh of new district heating capacity in the Helsinki Metropolitan area in 2030 either as a CHP plant or as a heat-only boiler. The results indicate that a modular nuclear heat-only boiler could be profitable, while profitable investment in a modular nuclear CHP plant relies heavily on future electricity market price levels.

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Dmitriev, S. M., AV Kurachenkov, and V. V. Petrunin. "Scientific-Technical and Economic Aspects For Development Of Innovative Reactor Plants For Small And Medium Nuclear Power Plants." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1683 (December 2020): 042032. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1683/4/042032.

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Al-Hengari, Salah, Mohamed El-Bousiffi, and Walid El-Moudir. "ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF THERMAL DESALINATION PLANTS USING DEAS PROGRAM." Scientific Journal of Applied Sciences of Sabratha University 3, no. 1 (April 27, 2020): 10–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.47891/sabujas.v3i1.10-25.

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This paper provides an overview of the potential use of Desalination Economic Analysis Spreadsheets DEAS package; implemented as Excel spreadsheets in economic evaluation and analysis of thermal desalination plants; especially multi stage flashing (MSF) and multi effect evaporation with / without thermal vapor compression (MEE / MEE-TVC). The DEAS package program has been developed by the researchers. DEAS has been developed and used during the evaluation of thermal desalination plants in the oil sector in Libya. Cost data obtained from various sources were used to evaluate the economic performance and the cost of producing one m3 of distillate water. Different aspects of economic evaluation were discussed in which the attractive potential utilization of DEAS program is shown. The results obtained from DEAS program showed that the increase of plant capacity (although it increased the capital cost) reduced the product unit cost. In addition, an estimate of the unit product cost of thermal desalination processes could be done quickly and accurately through DEAS.

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Samarskaya, Victoria, Elena Malaeva, and Margarita Postnova. "Aspects of Clonal Micropropagation and Conservation of Plants in vitro." Natural Systems and Resources, no. 3 (April 2020): 13–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.15688/nsr.jvolsu.2019.3.2.

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Despite more than a century of research on effective biotechnological methods to reproduce various plant species, microclonal reproduction continues to be an important tool for large-scale production. The clonal seedlings of important species maintain genetic fidelity and do not contain pests. In some cases, microclonal propagation is the only method that contributes to the maintenance and economic value of specific agricultural plant species. Microclonal reproduction as a method has solved many phytosanitary problems and has allowed both expansion and access to high-quality plants for producers from different countries and economic conditions, thus effectively contributing to the expansion of agriculture now and in the foreseeable future. Currently, this method is widely used in the creation of planting material for crops for agriculture and cultivation of crops of industrial floriculture, fruit, berry crops and woody plants. Thanks to this method, it is possible to create in vitro banks of rare and valuable plant genotypes. Modern technologies of clonal micro-multiplication are at the stage of industrial flow, which quickly responds to market demands. The analysis of domestic and foreign sources of scientific research on microclonal plant propagation has shown that, at the present time, the cost of its use is quite high and requires the presence of laboratories with appropriate equipment and highly qualified staff. Modification and adaptation of the method of microclonal reproduction of plants contributes to the implementation of the morphogenetic potential, determines the specific features of the source material, the type of explant, its physiological state, the composition of nutrient media, and cultivation conditions. At the same time, the cultivation of healthy plants will significantly increase the yield of valuable agricultural products and high adaptive properties of healthy plants that allow them to be cultivated with less chemicals, which will significantly increase their nutritional value and give a greater opportunity to obtain organic products with high-quality characteristics.

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Vourdoubas, John. "Possibilities of Using Industrial Waste Heat for Heating Greenhouses in Northern Greece." Journal of Agricultural Science 10, no. 4 (March 5, 2018): 116. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jas.v10n4p116.

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The possibility of using the rejected heat from lignite-fired power plants for heating greenhouses in northern Greece has been examined. Although currently industrial waste heat is used for district heating in a few towns in Greece, its use in agriculture has not been reported so far. Due to many environmental and economic benefits symbiosis of industrial and agricultural activities is promoted in many countries. Greenhouses in northern Greece utilize mainly natural gas as heating fuel. However heat recovery from the existing power plants and its use in greenhouses could increase their energy efficiency and reduce the thermal pollution. It will also decrease the use of fossil fuels in greenhouses and the resulting carbon emissions as well. Their heating requirements have been estimated at 170 W/m2 and the required hot water temperatures are 50-60 oC below the required water temperature in district heating systems, at 120 oC. Currently the price of heat sold in the district heating system in the town of Kozani is 0.0435 €/KWh, which is very attractive for heating greenhouses compared with other existing methods or fuels. It has been estimated that the heat recovery from the power plants at 70 MWth could cover the heating needs of 41.2 ha of modern agricultural greenhouses in northern Greece. Recycling of industrial waste heat in greenhouses in northern Greece, apart from the resulting environmental benefits, will offer a competitive advantage, increasing the profitability of those enterprises.

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Bielecki, Andrzej, Sebastian Ernst, Wioletta Skrodzka, and Igor Wojnicki. "Concentrated Solar Power Plants with Molten Salt Storage: Economic Aspects and Perspectives in the European Union." International Journal of Photoenergy 2019 (April 30, 2019): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/8796814.

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Concentrated solar power plants belong to the category of clean sources of renewable energy. The paper discusses the possibilities for the use of molten salts as storage in modern CSP plants. Besides increasing efficiency, it may also shift their area of application: thanks to increased controllability, they may now be used not only to cover baseload but also as more agile, dispatchable generators. Both technological and economic aspects are presented, with focus on the European energy sector and EU legislation. General characteristics for CSP plants, especially with molten salt storage, are discussed. Perspectives for their development, first of all in economic aspects, are considered.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Economic aspects of Heating plants'

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