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Journal articles on the topic 'Economic aspects of Irrigation efficiency'
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Borsato, Eros, Marco Martello, Francesco Marinello, and Lucia Bortolini. "Environmental and Economic Sustainability Assessment for Two Different Sprinkler and A Drip Irrigation Systems: A Case Study on Maize Cropping." Agriculture 9, no. 9 (August 29, 2019): 187. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture9090187.
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Water scarcity is worsened by climate change. Water savings can be reached by improving irrigation efficiency both on farm and on water supply. To do that, the choice of the best irrigation technology is not always straightforward, because farmers need to renew and implement farm infrastructures for irrigation. This study compares three irrigation systems, one drip irrigation and two sprinkler (center pivot and hose-reel) systems, on environmental, economic, and energetic performance under irrigated and non-irrigated maize cropping. The study combines impact and efficiency indicators, addressing a sustainability analysis for the irrigation practice under the three different irrigation systems. The sustainability for the irrigation systems was assessed using water-related indicators (water use efficiency, irrigation water use efficiency, and water footprint), biomass (crop growth rate, relative growth rate, harvest index, and yield response factor), and energy indicators (energy footprint, performance, and energy cost footprint) for the environmental aspect; and the economic-based indicators (water productivity and economic water footprint) for the economic aspect. Main results address the center pivot system as the best solution for irrigation practice since it demonstrated higher economic and environmental performance. Moreover, maize under the pivot system allowed a higher biomass production, economic benefits, and water use efficiency.
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Rokochynskyy, Anatoly, Sergey Mendus, and Turchenyuk Basil. "SUBSTANTIATION OF EVALUATION CRITERIA FOR OVERALL FUNCTIONING EFFICIENCY OF UKRAINIAN DANUBE RICE IRRIGATION SYSTEMS." International Journal of New Economics and Social Sciences 3, no. 1 (June 30, 2016): 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0010.4722.
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The paper presents the results of studies the efficiency of the Danube rice irrigation systems south of Ukraine on the basis of appropriate analysis of productivity leading rice rotation culture - the culture of rice. Substantiated a set of indicators covering different aspects of the complex process of formation of a crop of rice crop, with the aim of improving and optimizing the management of rice irrigation system in compliance with the modern ecological and economic requirements.
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Ganoulis, J. "Evaluating alternative strategies for wastewater recycling and reuse in the Mediterranean area." Water Supply 3, no. 4 (August 1, 2003): 11–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2003.0042.
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The concept of sustainability in wastewater reclamation and reuse in the Mediterranean area needs to be expressed in a realistic and practical way. This paper suggests a suitable methodology for sustainable wastewater reuse in the Mediterranean area by considering not only technical and economic, but also, environmental and social aspects of wastewater reuse. Alternative strategies based on different treatment and storage technologies are evaluated by using the Multicriterion Decision Analysis (MCDA) method. Alternative strategies are formulated by combining elements such as different treatments, different disposal sites, the type of irrigation scheme, crop pattern, water pricing and the use of fertilizers. The criteria used to evaluate the most sustainable strategy include firstly public health and environmental factors, that pose risks on human health, water pollution during and after irrigation, efficiency of water use, secondly economic factors, including the water cost, the initial cost of the irrigation system, maintenance costs and crop profitability, and thirdly social issues including the employment of rural labour. Various MCDA techniques, namely, ELECTRE-3, ELECTRE-4 and Compromise Programming (CP) may be employed to rank alternative strategies and find out the most sustainable alternative.
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O’Shaughnessy, Susan A., Steven R. Evett, Paul D. Colaizzi, Manuel A. Andrade, Thomas H. Marek, Derek M. Heeren, Freddie R. Lamm, and Jacob L. LaRue. "Identifying Advantages and Disadvantages of Variable Rate Irrigation: An Updated Review." Applied Engineering in Agriculture 35, no. 6 (2019): 837–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/aea.13128.
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Abstract. Variable rate irrigation (VRI) sprinklers on mechanical move irrigation systems (center pivot or lateral move) have been commercially available since 2004. Although the number of VRI, zone or individual sprinkler, systems adopted to date is lower than expected there is a continued interest to harness this technology, especially when climate variability, regulatory nutrient management, water conservation policies, and declining water for agriculture compound the challenges involved for irrigated crop production. This article reviews the potential advantages and potential disadvantages of VRI technology for moving sprinklers, provides updated examples on such aspects, suggests a protocol for designing and implementing VRI technology and reports on the recent advancements. The advantages of VRI technology are demonstrated in the areas of agronomic improvement, greater economic returns, environmental protection and risk management, while the main drawbacks to VRI technology include the complexity to successfully implement the technology and the lack of evidence that it assures better performance in net profit or water savings. Although advances have been made in VRI technologies, its penetration into the market will continue to depend on tangible and perceived benefits by producers. Keywords: Center pivots, Crop water use efficiency, Irrigation, Management zones, Moving sprinkler irrigation systems, Precision irrigation, Sensor based systems.
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Majsztrik, John C., Bridget Behe, Charles R. Hall, Dewayne L. Ingram, Alexa J. Lamm, Laura A. Warner, and Sarah A. White. "Social and Economic Aspects of Water Use in Specialty Crop Production in the USA: A Review." Water 11, no. 11 (November 8, 2019): 2337. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w11112337.
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Understanding human behavior is a complicated and complex endeavor. Academicians and practitioners need to understand the underlying beliefs and motivations to identify current trends and to effectively develop means of communication and education that encourage change in attitudes and behavior. Sociological research can provide information about how and why people make decisions; this information impacts the research and extension community, helping them formulate programs and present information in a way that increases adoption rates. Life cycle assessment can document how plant production impacts the environment. Production of ornamental plants (greenhouse, container, and field produced flowers trees and shrubs) accounted for 4.4% of the total annual on-farm income and 8.8% of the crop income produced in the United States in 2017, representing a substantial portion of farmgate receipts. Greenhouse and nursery growing operations can use this information to increase production and water application efficiency and decrease input costs. Information related to the environmental impacts of plant production, derived from life cycle assessment, can also inform consumer purchase decisions. Information from water footprint analysis quantifies the relative abundance and availability of water on a regional basis, helping growers understand water dynamics in their operation and informing consumer plant purchases based on water availability and conservation preference. Economics can motivate growers to adopt new practices based on whether they are saving or making money, and consumers modify product selection based on preference for how products are produced. Specialty crop producers, including nursery and greenhouse container operations, rely heavily on high quality water from surface and groundwater resources for crop production; but irrigation return flow from these operations can contribute to impairment of water resources. This review focuses on multiple facets of the socioeconomics of water use, reuse, and irrigation return flow management in nursery and greenhouse operations, focusing on grower and consumer perceptions of water; barriers to adoption of technology and innovations by growers; economic considerations for implementing new technologies; and understanding environmental constraints through life cycle assessment and water footprint analyses. Specialty crop producers can either voluntarily adapt practices gradually to benefit both economic and environmental sustainability or they may eventually be forced to change due to external factors (e.g., regulations). Producers need to have the most current information available to inform their decisions regarding water management.
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Conceição, Chaiane G. da, Adroaldo D. Robaina, Marcia X. Peiter, Ana R. C. Parizi, João A. da Conceição, and Jhosefe Bruning. "Economically optimal water depth and grain yield of common bean subjected to different irrigation depths." Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agrícola e Ambiental 22, no. 7 (July 2018): 482–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1807-1929/agriambi.v22n7p482-487.
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ABSTRACT Common bean crop plays an important role in the world, not only in economic aspects but also in social development. The objective of this study was to evaluate the grain yield and the economically optimal water depth which reflects the maximum technical efficiency of the common bean crop. The experiment was conducted in greenhouse, in Alegrete - RS, from February to May 2016. A completely randomized design was used, consisting of five water replacement treatments (25, 50, 75, 100 and 125% crop evapotranspiration - ETc) and four replicates. Based on the obtained results, both water deficit and water excess directly affected the final grain yield of the crop. Maximum grain yield was 3,554.1 kg ha-1, obtained by applying 492.72 mm (100% ETc). On the other hand, the economically optimal water depth was estimated at 91.2% ETc, indicating that water depths above this value are not suitable for maximum technical efficiency in the common bean crop under these conditions. It was concluded that the water depth equivalent to 100% ETc maximizes grain yield for the region of Alegrete-RS, and irrigation is considered a solution in the water supply to the common bean crop during critical periods.
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Verma, Shilp, Stanzin Tsephal, and Tony Jose. "Pepsee systems: grassroots innovation under groundwater stress." Water Policy 6, no. 4 (August 1, 2004): 303–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wp.2004.0020.
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Drip irrigation, in its various forms, is the dominant mode of micro-irrigation in India. The benefits of these technologies in water scarce regions have been widely studied all over the world. A review of literature on dripirrigation technologies strongly suggests that there are significant financial, economic and social benefits in the adoption of these technologies. However, the spread of drip irrigation in the Indian context has been far below potential and expectations. In the Maikaal region of Central India, a grassroots innovation called ‘Pepsee’ has become a popular choice for farmers. At less than half the cost of conventional drip systems, this innovation promises comparable returns. What is most interesting is that while government and non-government agencies have struggled to promote water-saving technologies across the country, the people in this area have adapted and adopted these technologies on their own. This paper looks at the various aspects of this grassroots innovation, its spread, adoption behavior and impacts. The authors find that while Pepsee and other water-saving technologies do lead to farm level improvements in water efficiency, they will not contribute to system level ‘real’ water saving unless a favorable policy environment encourages their adoption on a large scale.
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Kazumba, Shija, Leonid Gillerman, Yoel DeMalach, and Gideon Oron. "Sustainable domestic effluent reuse via subsurface drip irrigation (SDI): alfalfa as a perennial model crop." Water Science and Technology 61, no. 3 (February 1, 2010): 625–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2010.904.
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Scarcity of fresh high-quality water has heightened the importance of wastewater reuse primarily in dry regions together with improving its efficient use by implementing the Subsurface Drip Irrigation (SDI) method. Sustainable effluent reuse combines soil and plant aspects, along with the maintainability of the application system. In this study, field experiments were conducted for two years on the commercial farm of Revivim and Mashabay-Sade farm (RMF) southeast of the City of Beer-Sheva, Israel. The purpose was to examine the response of alfalfa (Medicago sativa) as a perennial model crop to secondary domestic effluent application by means of a SDI system as compared with conventional overhead sprinkler irrigation. Emitters were installed at different depths and spacing. Similar amounts of effluent were applied to all plots during the experimental period. The results indicated that in all SDI treatments, the alfalfa yields were 11% to 25% higher than the ones obtained under sprinkler irrigated plots, besides the one in which the drip laterals were 200 cm apart. The average Water Use Efficiency (WUE) was better in all SDI treatments in comparison with the sprinkler irrigated plots. An economic assessment reveals the dependence of the net profit on the emitters' installation geometry, combined with the return for alfalfa in the market.
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Oliveira, Nerea, César Pérez-Cruzado, Isabel Cañellas, Roque Rodríguez-Soalleiro, and Hortensia Sixto. "Poplar Short Rotation Coppice Plantations under Mediterranean Conditions: The Case of Spain." Forests 11, no. 12 (December 17, 2020): 1352. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f11121352.
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Developing a circular bioeconomy based on the sustainable use of biological resources, such as biomass, seems to be the best way of responding to the challenges associated with global change. Among the many sources, short rotation forest crops are an essential instrument for obtaining quality biomass with a predictable periodicity and yield, according to the areas of cultivation. This review aims to provide an overview of available knowledge on short rotation coppice Populus spp. plantations under Mediterranean conditions and specifically in Spain, in order to identify not only the status, but also the future prospects, for this type of biomass production. The analysis of available information was conducted by taking into consideration the following aspects: Genetic plant material; plantation design, including densities, rotation lengths and the number of rotations, and mixtures; management activities, including irrigation, fertilization, and weed control; yield prediction; biomass characterization; and finally, an evaluation of the sustainability of the plantation and ecosystem services provided. Despite advances, there is still much to be done if these plantations are to become a commercial reality in some Mediterranean areas. To achieve this aim, different aspects need to be reconsidered, such as irrigation, bearing in mind that water restrictions represent a real threat; the specific adaptation of genetic material to these conditions, in order to obtain a greater efficiency in resource use, as well as a greater resistance to pests and diseases or tolerance to abiotic stresses such as drought and salinity; rationalizing fertilization; quantifying and valuing the ecosystem services; the advance of more reliable predictive models based on ecophysiology; the specific characterization of biomass for its final use (bioenergy/bioproducts); technological improvements in management and harvesting; and finally, improving the critical aspects detected in environmental, energy, and economic analyses to achieve profitable and sustainable plantations under Mediterranean conditions.
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Mokhtar, Alireza, and Sadrollah Aram. "Systemic insights into agricultural groundwater management: case of Firuzabad Plain, Iran." Water Policy 19, no. 5 (April 29, 2017): 867–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wp.2017.159.
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Groundwater decline poses a significant sustainability challenge in arid and semi-arid areas where groundwater plays a major life sustaining role. Recent years have marked a drastic decrease in the groundwater table (about 1.1 m/yr equivalent to 19.3 million cubic metres) in the Firuzabad Plain, Iran, where policies to restore groundwater have mostly failed. A holistic view is required to manage the basin's water resources, taking into account key biophysical, socio-economic, and political aspects. This paper applies system dynamics simulation as an integrative approach for modeling the causal relationships that drive the long-term system trajectory. Results suggest that increasing groundwater withdrawal is creating limits to growth archetypal behavior. Groundwater stress affects the livelihood of agricultural communities by reducing profitability and resource depletion. Re-establishing regional groundwater balance within the next 30 years requires that irrigation efficiency be improved to reduce net consumptive water use while maintaining the current level of agricultural production.
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Halicki, Wojciech, and Katarzyna Kita. "Removal of Organic Compounds Using Improved Wetland Systems for Wastewater Reuse As an Example of Local Sustainable Water Management." Environmental Management and Sustainable Development 5, no. 2 (November 25, 2016): 319. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/emsd.v5i2.10357.
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<p class="emsd-body"><span lang="EN-GB">This paper discusses the efficiency of the removal of organic compounds using Improved Wetland System (IWS). IWS is used in Poland and enables reuse of treated effluent in landscape irrigation and toilet flushing. The first section of this paper discusses the advisability of removing organic compounds at the highest level. Additionally, the first section discusses the increase in frequency of treated wastewater reuse. So far, reuse of treated wastewater in local wastewater treatment systems included treatment and reuse of graywater only. The second section of this paper presents the average concentrations of organic compounds in domestic wastewater and the relationship existing between concentration of organic compounds in raw wastewater and water consumption. The second section discusses requirements for local (to 2000 population equivalent) wastewater treatment systems relating to reduction of organic compounds. The third section presents the current situation in rural areas in Poland and indicates the necessity of treated wastewater reuse mainly in these places. In Poland 43 % of the overall population occupies rural areas and about 70 % of them are not connected to a wastewater network. Implementation of water reuse technology (mainly IWS) is the easiest and the cheapest in rural areas. The fourth section presents the principle and the construction of the Improved Wetland System with water reuse. This part shows defects of Constructed Wetlands hindering reuse of treated wastewater. Additionally, this section discusses different steps and efficiency of wastewater treatment. The fifth section discusses results of removing organic compounds depending on hydraulic and contaminant loads. In addition, this section presents guidance on designing the IWS with technology that enables water reuse for flushing toilets and landscape irrigation. The last part of this paper discusses the summary and economic aspects of IWS used in Poland. In addition, the last part shows existing IWS </span><span lang="EN-GB">objects in Poland which provides water reuse to flushing toilets, landscape irrigation and for retention and recreational uses.</span></p>
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Monteiro, Rodrigo Otávio Câmara, Raimundo Nonato Távora Costa, Moisés Custódio Saraiva Leão, and José Vanglésio de Aguiar. "EFICIÊNCIA DO USO DA ÁGUA E NITROGÊNIO NA PRODUÇÃO DE MELÃO." IRRIGA 13, no. 3 (September 19, 2008): 367–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.15809/irriga.2008v13n3p367-377.
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EFICIÊNCIA DO USO DA ÁGUA E NITROGÊNIO NA PRODUÇÃO DE MELÃO Rodrigo Otávio Câmara Monteiro1; Raimundo Nonato Távora Costa2; Moisés Custódio Saraiva Leão2; José Vanglésio de Aguiar3[1]Centro Federal de Educação Tecnológica de Bento Gonçalves (CEFET-BG), Bento Gonçalves, RS, rodrigomonteiro@cefetbg.gov.br2Departamento de Engenharia Agrícola, Centro Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal Ceará, Fortaleza, CE3Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística - IBGE. 1 RESUMO A intensificação dos cultivos e os aspectos técnico-econômicos requerem maior eficiência concernente à aplicação de água e nutrientes. A baixa eficiência na condução de água e na distribuição pelos sistemas de irrigação motiva um esforço na otimização do uso da água. O nitrogênio merece atenção não apenas pelo custo que representa na produção de melão, mas também pela minimização dos impactos ambientais. O objetivo foi determinar a eficiência do uso da água (EUA) e a eficiência relativa do uso do nitrogênio (ERUN) na cultura do melão submetido a diferentes lâminas de irrigação e doses de nitrogênio. O delineamento foi blocos com parcelas subdivididas. Os tratamentos constituíram-se da combinação entre quatro lâminas de irrigação (W1=232,7; W2=334,7; W3=422,1; W4=567,8 mm) e quatro níveis de N (N0=0; N1=75; N2=150; N3=300 kg ha-1), com quatro repetições. A EUA decresceu com o aumento das lâminas de água aplicada. Os valores médios da EUA não foram influenciados pelas doses de nitrogênio. A ERUN não foi influenciada pela lâmina de irrigação e doses de N. UNITERMOS: Cucumis melo L., irrigação, otimização da água MONTEIRO, R. O. C.; COSTA, R. N. T.; LEÃO, M. C. S.; AGUIAR, J. V. de.WATER AND NITROGEN EFFICIENCY USE FOR MELON PRODUCTION 2 ABSTRACT Intensified cultivation and technical and economic aspects have required a more efficient use of water and nutrients. Low efficiency in water transport and distribution by irrigation systems has motivated an effort to optimize the use of water. The nitrogen nutrient deserves special attention since it plays an important role in the cost of melon production and also in minimizing environmental impact. The objective of this work was to study the efficiency of water use and relative efficiency of nitrogen use in melon. The statistical design was completely randomized blocks in split-plots. Four water depths (W1=232.7; W2=334.7; W3=422.1; W4=567.8 mm) associated with four levels of nitrogen (N0=0; N1=75; N2=150; N3=300 kg ha-1) were the main treatments. A decrease in the efficiency of water use was observed with increased water depths. Average values of efficiency of water use were not influenced by nitrogen doses. Neither water depths nor nitrogen doses influenced the relative efficiency of nitrogen use. KEY WORDS: Cucumis melo L., irrigation, water optimization
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Dondeynaz, C., J. López Puga, and C. Carmona Moreno. "Bayesian networks modelling in support to cross-cutting analysis of water supply and sanitation in developing countries." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 17, no. 9 (September 5, 2013): 3397–419. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-17-3397-2013.
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Abstract. Despite the efforts made towards the Millennium Development Goals targets during the last decade, improved access to water supply or basic sanitation still remains unavailable for millions of people across the world. This paper proposes a set of models that use 25 key variables and country profiles from the WatSan4Dev data set involving water supply and sanitation (Dondeynaz et al., 2012). This paper suggests the use of Bayesian network modelling methods because they are more easily adapted to deal with non-normal distributions, and integrate a qualitative approach for data analysis. They also offer the advantage of integrating preliminary knowledge into the probabilistic models. The statistical performance of the proposed models ranges between 20 and 5% error rates, which are very satisfactory taking into account the strong heterogeneity of variables. Probabilistic scenarios run from the models allow an assessment of the relationships between human development, external support, governance aspects, economic activities and water supply and sanitation (WSS) access. According to models proposed in this paper, gaining a strong poverty reduction will require the WSS access to reach 75–76% through: (1) the management of ongoing urbanisation processes to avoid slums development; and (2) the improvement of health care, for instance for children. Improving governance, such as institutional efficiency, capacities to make and apply rules, or control of corruption is positively associated with WSS sustainable development. The first condition for an increment of the HDP (human development and poverty) remains of course an improvement of the economic conditions with higher household incomes. Moreover, a significant country commitment to the environment, associated with civil society freedom of expression constitutes a favourable setting for sustainable WSS services delivery. Intensive agriculture using irrigation practises also appears as a mean for sustainable WSS thanks to multi-uses and complementarities. With a WSS sector organised at national level, irrigation practices can support the structuring and efficiency of the agriculture sector. It may then induce rural development in areas where WSS access often is set back compared to urban areas1. External financial support, called Official Development Assistance (ODA CI), plays a role in WSS improvement but comes last in the sensitivity analyses of models. An overall 47% of the Official Development Assistance goes first to poor countries, and is associated to governance aspects: (1) political stability and (2) country commitment to the environment and civil society degree of freedom. These governance aspects constitute a good framework for aid implementation in recipient countries. Modelling is run with the five groups of countries as defined in Dondeynaz et al. (2012). Models for profile 4 (essential external support) and profile 5 (primary material consumption) are specifically detailed and analysed in this paper. For countries in profile 4, fighting against water scarcity and progressing desertification should be the priority. However, for countries in profile 5, efforts should first concentrate on consolidation of political stability while supporting diversification of the economic activities. Nevertheless, for both profiles, reduction of poverty should remain the first priority as previously indicated. 1 JMP statistics, 2004 http://www.wssinfo.org/data-estimates/table/, last access: 22 July 2013.
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Ciobanu, Gheorghe, Cornelia Ciobanu, Cornel Domuta, Nicolae Csep, and Petru Burescu. "Environmental Consequences of Efficient Use of Nitrogen Fertilizers." Acta Agraria Debreceniensis, no. 1 (May 12, 2002): 41–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.34101/actaagrar/1/3535.
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Nitrogen fertilizer represents major economic burden. For this reason, although the efficiency of nitrogen utilization varies highly, its actual use generally remains at low levels; these averaging between 25 and 50%. We set up an experiment at the Oradea Research Station, using 15N labeled fertilizers, in order to investigate the possibility of increasing N fertilizer efficiency in winter wheat under irrigation conditions.Fertilizers labeled with 15N allows us to individually determine its effect on yield formation, as well as the use efficiency of N from fertilizer following application rate and time. The amount of N derived from fertilizer as determined in straw and grain yield is high. When the labeled fertilizer is applied at tillering time, the values of this indicator rise when higher N levels we applied.In separate experiments, we investigated a series of aspects connected to chemical fertilizer regarding the determination of the type of fertilizer, optimum time and rates of application; all these as a function of the special pedoclimatic conditions.The results obtained in the field show that the effectiveness of N utilization in wheat is most variable and generally low, often ranging between 25 and 33%, owing to N loss within the system through leaching and NH3 volatilization.A readily achievable increase in efficiency of 5 percentage points would result in considerable savings, and can be brought about by reducing nitrogen losses. The added benefits to the environment in terms of reduced ground/water contamination and lowered nitrous oxide (N20) emissions would also be substantial.The figures for N fertilizer use efficiency (% N range from 35.5 to 72.6, the highest value being recorded with an N application of 120 kg/ha at tillering, when the previous crop was sunflower).INTRODUCTION
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Bozsik, Norbert, and Róbert Magda. "Efficiency of agricultural production in Hungary." Contemporary Research on Organization Management and Administration 6, no. 1 (June 30, 2018): 23–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.33605/croma-012018-003.
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Purpose – The object of the article is to evaluate the efficiency of agricultural production in Hungary and in Hungarian regions. Furthermore, our purpose is to point out the effectiveness of Hungarian agriculture compared to the average of the EU. Based on results we evaluate the regional differences from the aspect of agricultural productivity and Hungary’s lag behind the average level of EU member states. Design/methodology/approach – The methodology of the paper is based on partial productivity methods. Comparing the main economic indicators of agricultural industry (output, gross value added and enterpreneurial income) to the annual working unit (AWU) and land unit (hectare) we analysed how efficiently labour and land is used in production. Conclusions are drawn from the results of the analysis. Findings – The paper shows the main charasteristics of Hungarian agriculture. Based on measuring efficiency of agricultural production, we highlight the extent to which the efficiency of Hungarian agricultural production remains below the EU average. The article also presents how effective the production factors (labour and land) are in the agricultural production of the regions of Hungary. Research limitations/implications – In the paper, we applied partial efficiency methods to evaluate the productivity of agricultural production. There are several directions of further investigations to measure the efficiency of agriculture (e.g. multi-factor productivity methods). Beside the methods, the research can be extended for any other direction (e.g. any other NUTS level etc.). Practical implications - Based on the results we outline recommendations for more effective use of production factors. The proposals are concerning how to increase the efficiency of the workforce in agriculture and to the find the optimal land utilization considering the environmental sustainability. Originality/Value – The paper provides comprehensive view on Hungarian agriculture situation with special emphasis on the regions. It presents original results of efficiency of the Hungarian agricultural production by regions and draws proper conclusions for practice. Keywords: agricultural production, efficiency, labour market, land market. Research type: research paper. JEL classification: J43 – Agricultural labour market Q10 – Agriculture general Q15 – Land Ownership and Tenure; Land Reform; Land Use; Irrigation; Agriculture and Environment
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Bozdemir, Merve, Zeki Bayramoğlu, Kemalettin Ağızan, and Süheyla Ağızan. "Mısır Üretiminde Geleceğe Yönelik Beklenti Analizi." Turkish Journal of Agriculture - Food Science and Technology 7, no. 3 (March 12, 2019): 390. http://dx.doi.org/10.24925/turjaf.v7i3.390-400.2348.
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Although Turkey's total agricultural land not decrease occurred over the years thanks to the presence of land brought into production economically in irrigated maize quality aquaculture operations have become widespread in Turkey. Maize in areas where watering is possible; it is a popular product in terms of aquaculture because of low labor costs, high efficiency advantage in unit area and easy access of the product market. The increase in irrigation areas in parallel production of maize; It is a product with high economic value but high water consumption. In this aspect, the aim of the study is to make analyzes about the sustainability of the agricultural activities, the solution of the problems encountered in the process from the sowing of the crop to the harvesting, and the expectations of the farmers. In the study, it was determined that agricultural operators have future concerns about input costs, storage facilities and consumption of water resources.
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Lynne, G. D., K. Anaman, and C. F. Kiker. "Irrigation Efficiency: Economic Interpretation." Journal of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering 113, no. 3 (August 1987): 317–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)0733-9437(1987)113:3(317).
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Dondeynaz, C., J. López Puga, and C. Carmona Moreno. "Bayesian networks modelling in support to cross cutting analysis of water supply and sanitation in developing countries." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences Discussions 10, no. 2 (February 28, 2013): 2481–548. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hessd-10-2481-2013.
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Abstract. Despite the efforts made towards the millennium goals targets during the last decade, access to improved water supply or basic sanitation remains still not accessible for millions of people across the world. This paper proposes a set of models that use 25 key variables from the WatSan4Dev dataset and country profiles involving Water Supply and Sanitation (Dondeynaz et al., 2012). This paper proposes the use of Bayesian Network modelling methods because adapted to the management of non-normal distribution, and integrate a qualitative approach for data analysis. They also offer the advantage to integrate preliminary knowledge into the probabilistic models. The statistical performance of the proposed models ranges between 80 and 95% which is very satisfactory taking into account the strong heterogeneity of variables. Probabilistic scenarios run from the models allow a quantification of the relationships between human development, external support, governance aspects, economic activities and Water Supply and Sanitation (WSS) access. According to models proposed in this paper, a strong poverty reduction will induce an increment of the WSS access equal to 75–76% through: (1) the organisation of on-going urbanisation process to avoid slums development; and, (2) the improvement of health care for instance for children. On one side, improving governance, such as institutional efficiency, capacities to make and apply rules or control of corruption will also have a positive impact on WSS sustainable development. The first condition for an increment of the WSS access remains of course an improvement of the economic development with an increment of household income. Moreover, a significant country environmental commitment associated with civil society freedom of expression constitutes a favourable environment for sustainable WSS services delivery. Intensive agriculture through irrigation practises also appears as a mean for sustainable WSS thanks to multi-uses and complementarities. Strong and structured agriculture sector facilitates rural development in areas where WSS access often steps behind compared to urban areas1. External financial support, named Official Development Aid (ODA), plays a role in WSS improvement but comes last in the sensitivity analyses of models. This aid supports first poor countries at 47%, and is associated to governance aspects: (1) political stability and (2) country environmental commitment and civil society degree of freedom. These governance aspects constitute a good framework for aid implementation in recipient countries. Modelling is run with the five groups of countries as defined in Dondeynaz et al. (2012). Models for profile 4 (essential external support) and profile 5 (primary material consumption) are specifically detailed and analysed in this paper. For countries in profile 4, to fight against water scarcity and desertification pressure should be the priority. However, for countries in profile 5, efforts should first concentrate on political stability consolidation while supporting economic activity diversification. Nevertheless, for both profiles, reduction of poverty should remain the first priority as previously indicated. 1 JMP statistics, 2004 http://www.wssinfo.org/data-estimates/table/
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Tsur, Yacov. "Economic Aspects of Irrigation Water Pricing." Canadian Water Resources Journal 30, no. 1 (January 2005): 31–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.4296/cwrj300131.
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López-Mata, E., J. M. Tarjuelo, J. A. de Juan, R. Ballesteros, and A. Domínguez. "IRRIGATION UNIFORMITY AND ECONOMIC EFFICIENCY OF A CROP." Acta Horticulturae, no. 889 (March 2011): 483–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.2011.889.61.
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South, David B. "Economic Aspects of Nursery Seed Efficiency." Southern Journal of Applied Forestry 11, no. 2 (May 1, 1987): 106–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sjaf/11.2.106.
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Abstract Advancements in forest nursery management practices are directly tied to the value of the seeds used. When seed value is low and seeds are plentiful (as with wild seeds), old nursery practices that produce 5 plantable seedlings for 10 pure live seeds sown may be economically acceptable.However, with genetically improved seeds having a present value of 2 to 10 cents per seed, better nursery practices must be employed to provide optimum seed utilization. At some nurseries that produce 25 million seedlings and with seed costs of 0.5 cents per pure live seed, increasing nurseryseed efficiency by 10% could result in saving more than $20,000 annually. Also, if increasing nursery seed efficiency results in planting an additional 3,500 acres with improved seedlings, the increase in present value of future volume gains could easily amount to $90,000 peryear. To achieve the goal of producing 8 to 9 seedlings for every 10 pure live seeds sown, forest nurseries must have adequate funding to maintain the best personnel and equipment. South. J. Appl. For. 11(2):106-109.
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Edström, Anders, and Jan Olhager. "Production-economic aspects on set-up efficiency." Engineering Costs and Production Economics 12, no. 1-4 (July 1987): 99–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0167-188x(87)90067-x.
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Carvalho, Daniel F. de, Marinaldo F. Pinto, José A. Monte, Gabriel A. B. de Mello, and Camila P. de Sousa. "Water use efficiency and economic return of fresh vegetable in organic cultivation." Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agrícola e Ambiental 20, no. 7 (July 2016): 637–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1807-1929/agriambi.v20n7p637-642.
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ABSTRACT The optimization in the use of irrigation is a necessity due to water scarcity and the increasing demand for food. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of different irrigation depths on the economic efficiency of lettuce, eggplant, beet and carrot, cultivated in an organic production system. The evaluations were performed based on production functions obtained in field experiments conducted from 2006 to 2011, and survey of prices of products and inputs, determining the irrigation depths corresponding to the maximum gross profit and the maximum water use efficiency. Additionally, the relative yield reduction was evaluated for different percent increments in the economically optimal irrigation depth. It was observed that the crops have differences between the irrigation depths of maximum economic efficiency and maximum water use efficiency, ranging from 22.2 mm (lettuce) to 149.7 mm (eggplant). The application of water above the irrigation depth of maximum economic efficiency led to yield and profit reductions, whose magnitude depends on the response of the crop.
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Mitra, Ashok K. "Economic Aspects of Irrigation Management in Major and Medium Surface Irrigation Systems in India." Artha Vijnana: Journal of The Gokhale Institute of Politics and Economics 39, no. 3 (September 1, 1997): 257. http://dx.doi.org/10.21648/arthavij/1997/v39/i3/115936.
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Gogic, Petar. "Effect of livestock production on the economic efficiency of irrigation systems." Journal of Agricultural Sciences, Belgrade 51, no. 2 (2006): 177–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/jas0602177g.
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The aim of the study was to examine the effect of livestock production on the economic efficiency of investments in irrigation projects. The study was based on a model focused on field crop/livestock production using the data of crop yields in field crop production with or without irrigation, financial results of cattle fattening and milk production and the input and output price relationship. The influence of livestock production on the economic effects of irrigation system utilization was evaluated using the indices of economic efficiency of investments - internal rate of return, net present value and pay-back period. The data on the amount of investments required for the construction of the irrigation system, economic benefit achieved by optimizing production under both irrigated and non-irrigated conditions, with and without livestock production were used to determine these indices.
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Al-Niamy, Salim, and Zeina Saadallah Al-Rawi. "ESTIMATING THE ECONOMIC EFFICIENCY OF SUPPLEMEMTAL IRRIGATION IN RAINFALL AGRICULTURE." Mesopotamia Journal of Agriculture 40 (January 28, 2012): 92–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.33899/magrj.2012.69166.
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Nguyen, Thanh, Ryszard Błażejewski, and Marcin Spychała. "Feasibility and economic efficiency of greywater reuse for plant irrigation." Inżynieria Ekologiczna 19, no. 6 (December 1, 2018): 80–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.12912/23920629/95282.
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Beyaert, R. P., R. C. Roy, and B. R. Ball Coelho. "Irrigation and fertilizer management effects on processing cucumber productivity and water use efficiency." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 87, no. 2 (April 1, 2007): 355–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/p06-012.
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Experiments were conducted to evaluate the response of processing cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) to irrigation and fertilization strategies on a loamy sand in southwestern Ontario from 2001 to 2003. Dry matter accumulation, fruit yield, economic returns and water use efficiency were compared for (a) non-irrigated with conventional broadcast fertilizer applications (NI/B), (b) overhead sprinkler irrigated with conventional broadcast fertilizer applications (OHI/B), (c) surface drip irrigated with fertigation (DI/F) and (d) subsurface drip irrigated with fertigation (SDI/F). All irrigation methods enhanced yields, with drip irrigation coupled with fertigation showing significant advantages in terms of yield and economic returns compared with overhead irrigation and conventional fertilization practices. Irrigation increased dry matter accumulation, fruit yield and economic returns over non-irrigated treatments in a dry year, but only DI/F and SDI/F irrigation with fertigation increased these parameters in a wet year. Irrigation water use efficiency was greatest with SDI/F in 2 of 3 yr. This study indicates that processing cucumbers in Ontario benefit from irrigation, with drip irrigation/fertigation being more beneficial than overhead sprinkler irrigation. Subsurface drip irrigation systems increase irrigation water use efficiency over sprinkler and surface drip systems when higher than average temperatures coupled with lower than average rainfall are experienced on coarse-textured soils. Key words: Irrigation, fertigation, Cucumis sativus, yield
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Bidzakin, John Kanburi, Simon C. Fialor, Dadson Awunyo-Vitor, and Iddrisu Yahaya. "Impact of Irrigation Ecology on Rice Production Efficiency in Ghana." Advances in Agriculture 2018 (June 12, 2018): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/5287138.
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Irrigation production is a means by which agricultural production can be increased to meet the growing food demands in the world. This study evaluated the effect of irrigation ecology on farm household technical, allocative, and economic efficiency of smallholder rice farmers. Cross-sectional data was obtained from 350 rice farmers across rain fed and irrigation ecologies. Stochastic frontier analyses are used to estimate the production efficiency and endogenous treatment effect regression model is used to estimate the impact of irrigation ecology on rice production efficiency. The impact of irrigation ecology on technical efficiency is about 0.05, which implies farmers producing under irrigation ecology are more technically efficient in their rice production than those in rain fed production. The impact of irrigation ecology on allocative efficiency is about 0.33, which shows that farmers participating in irrigation farming are more allocatively efficient in their rice production than those in rain fed production. The impact on economic efficiency is about 0.23, meaning that farmers participating in irrigation farming are more economically efficient in their rice production than those in rain fed production. Irrigation ecology has positive impact on production efficiency; hence farmers should be encouraged to produce more under irrigation for increased yield and profit.
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Chuvashova, N. V., and A. A. Chuvashov. "Economic aspects of energy efficiency in residential buildings." Issues of Social-Economic development of Siberia, no. 1(39) (2020): 75–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.18324/2224-1833-2020-1-75-80.
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Glinushkin, A. P., V. I. Startsev, and L. V. Startseva. "Biological Aspects of Economic Efficiency of Crop Farming." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 459 (April 15, 2020): 062069. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/459/6/062069.
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Kuzmichkina, M. A., and V. N. Serebryakova. "Aspects of economic efficiency of surgical myocardial revascularization." Profilakticheskaya meditsina 24, no. 3 (2021): 100. http://dx.doi.org/10.17116/profmed202124031100.
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Parra, Lorena, Marta Botella-Campos, Herminia Puerto, Bernat Roig-Merino, and Jaime Lloret. "Evaluating Irrigation Efficiency with Performance Indicators: A Case Study of Citrus in the East of Spain." Agronomy 10, no. 9 (September 10, 2020): 1359. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy10091359.
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Improving water efficiency in farming systems is one of the major challenges of these decades. Water scarcity due to climate change, together with the increasing demand of food, is leading experts from around the world find appropriate indicators for water-use efficiency. In this paper we propose and test different indicators for service delivery performance, productive efficiency, and economic efficiency. Since the characteristics of the studied area and the citrus cropping system in the East of Spain are particular, we include in our analysis two other variables which are key to understanding the changes in the indicators: the obtained productivity, and the applied irrigation. The indicators and these two variables are tested with the information provided by farmers of citrus orchards belonging to an irrigation community from the East of Spain. The effect of different factors, such as cultivated varieties, type of farmer (professional or non-professional), or plantations’ size, are evaluated against the productivity and irrigation performance of the evaluated orchards. The effect of excess of irrigation on the indicators is also studied with the previous factors. Finally, an artificial intelligence system is used to predict productive efficiency of an orchard, based on the size and the water supply. Among the proposed indicators, the service delivery performance indicators came out to be the least useful and might provoke overirrigation due to the lack of accuracy of the data used for its calculation. The productive and economic efficiency indicators have been useful to illustrate the remarkable effect that excess of irrigation has on water efficiency, since a reduction of 66% of productive efficiency is found for some of the analysed varieties. On other cases, a reduction of 50% in economic efficiency is detected due to the excess of irrigation. Moreover, the excess of irrigation implied higher economic efficiency in only one of the evaluated varieties.
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Li, Qing An, Han Dong Liu, and Yu Kun Zhao. "Construction and Economic Evaluation of Small Water-Saving Farmland Water Conservancy." Applied Mechanics and Materials 71-78 (July 2011): 1324–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.71-78.1324.
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Small farmland irrigation and water conservancy facilities form an important part of the county-level agricultural infrastructure and one of the key factors that affect agricultural production. The paper takes the Jiyang County in Shandong Province as a case to explain ways to address water shortage and underdeveloped small farmland irrigation and water conservancy utilizing dedicated investment to construct small water-saving farmland irrigation and water conservancy projects. In the 2011 project, 9 pumping stations will be built and 9 low-pressure pipeline irrigation systems will be deployed, with a total of 6,204m3/h designed pumping capacity and 450KW installed capacity that cover an irrigation area of 18,200mu. After completion of the project, the whole county’s effective irrigation area, water-saving irrigation area, efficient water-saving irrigation area, irrigation water efficiency and the overall grain production capacity will be increased significantly with improved benefits from increased yield, saved land, reduced labor and improved water efficiency. The national economic evaluation shows that the project is feasible. The construction of small water-saving farmland irrigation and water conservancy projects is, to certain extent, typical and universal, and can be referred to by the counties, municipalities and district elsewhere across the country in their respective efforts in small farmland irrigation and water conservancy constructions. Therefore, the project is worth recommending.
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Cremades, R., J. Wang, and J. Morris. "Policy support, economic incentives and the adoption of irrigation technology in China." Earth System Dynamics Discussions 5, no. 2 (November 19, 2014): 1543–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/esdd-5-1543-2014.
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Abstract. The challenges China faces in terms of water availability in the agricultural sector are exacerbated by the sector's low irrigation efficiency. To increase irrigation efficiency, promoting irrigation technology has been emphasized by policy makers in China. The overall goal of this paper is to understand the effect of policy support and economic incentives on the adoption of irrigation technology in China. Based on a unique dataset collected at household and village levels from seven provinces in China, results indicated that household-based irrigation technology has become noticeable in almost every Chinese village. In contrast, only about half of Chinese villages have adopted community-based irrigation technology. Despite the relatively high adoption level of household-based irrigation technology at the village level, its actual adoption on crop-sown areas was not high, and it was even lower for community-based irrigation technology. The econometric analyses results revealed that policy supports via subsidies and extension services have played an important role in promoting the adoption of irrigation technology. Strikingly, the present irrigation pricing policy has played significant but contradictory roles in promoting the adoption of different types of irrigation technology. Irrigation pricing showed a positive impact on household-based irrigation technology, and a negative impact on community-based irrigation technology, possibly related to their substitution relationship, because having higher adoption of household-based irrigation technology reduce the incentives to invest in community-based irrigation technology. The paper finally concludes and discusses some policy implications.
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Suchoff, David H., Jonathan R. Schultheis, Matthew D. Kleinhenz, Frank J. Louws, and Christopher C. Gunter. "Rootstock Improves High-tunnel Tomato Water Use Efficiency." HortTechnology 28, no. 3 (June 2018): 344–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech04015-18.
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The following study was conducted to address water use efficiency in grafted tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) in an on-farm environment. The commercial rootstock cultivars Beaufort (BE) and Shield (S) were chosen as these two have different root system morphologies that may benefit water use efficiency. The heirloom cultivar Cherokee Purple (CP) was grafted onto both rootstocks and used as the nongrafted control. The study was conducted in 2016 and 2017 on a 5-acre vegetable and cut flower farm in North Carolina’s Piedmont region. Plants were grown under protected, high-tunnel culture where they received either 100% (3 hours every other day) or 50% (1.5 hours every other day) of the grower’s normal irrigation regime. At 50% irrigation, ‘Beaufort’-grafted plants yielded significantly more than nongrafted ‘Cherokee Purple’ and ‘Shield’-grafted plants. Furthermore, ‘Beaufort’-grafted plants at 50% irrigation yielded more than nongrafted ‘Cherokee Purple’ receiving the 100% irrigation treatment. The ‘Beaufort’-grafted plants significantly improved irrigation water use efficiency (iWUE) at the 50% irrigation treatment compared with the other graft treatments. Yield and iWUE of ‘Shield’-grafted plants were comparable with the nongrafted ‘Cherokee Purple’ at both irrigation treatments. Regardless of irrigation treatment, grafting onto ‘Beaufort’ improved the quality of total fruit harvested. An economic assessment was conducted to determine the feasibility of using grafted plants in conditions lacking significant disease pressure. Purchasing grafted transplants would increase the initial investment by $5227.2 per acre. However, the increased yield obtained when using ‘Beaufort’ rootstock at 50% irrigation increased net revenue by $35,900.41 per acre compared with nongrafted ‘Cherokee Purple’ receiving 100% irrigation, amounting to a 44.6% increase in net revenue while saving ≈383,242 gal/acre of water per growing season. These results indicate that growers can select rootstocks to better manage water use in an environmentally friendly manner without limiting economic gains.
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Massarutto, Antonio. "Water pricing and irrigation water demand: economic efficiency versus environmental sustainability." European Environment 13, no. 2 (2003): 100–119. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/eet.316.
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Wichelns, Dennis. "Economic Efficiency and Irrigation Water Policy with an Example from Egypt." International Journal of Water Resources Development 15, no. 4 (December 1999): 543–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07900629948754.
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Bosch, Darrell J., Vernon R. Eidman, and L. Klopper Oosthuizen. "A review of methods for evaluating the economic efficiency of irrigation." Agricultural Water Management 12, no. 3 (April 1987): 231–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0378-3774(87)90015-1.
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Cremades, R., J. Wang, and J. Morris. "Policies, economic incentives and the adoption of modern irrigation technology in China." Earth System Dynamics 6, no. 2 (July 2, 2015): 399–410. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/esd-6-399-2015.
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Abstract. The challenges China faces in terms of water availability in the agricultural sector are exacerbated by the sector's low irrigation efficiency. To increase irrigation efficiency, promoting modern irrigation technology has been emphasized by policy makers in the country. The overall goal of this paper is to understand the effect of governmental support and economic incentives on the adoption of modern irrigation technology in China, with a focus on household-based irrigation technology and community-based irrigation technology. Based on a unique data set collected at household and village levels from seven provinces, the results indicated that household-based irrigation technology has become noticeable in almost every Chinese village. In contrast, only about half of Chinese villages have adopted community-based irrigation technology. Despite the relatively high adoption level of household-based irrigation technology at the village level, its actual adoption in crop sown areas was not high, even lower for community-based irrigation technology. The econometric analysis results revealed that governmental support instruments like subsidies and extension services policies have played an important role in promoting the adoption of modern irrigation technology. Strikingly, the present irrigation pricing policy has played a significant but contradictory role in promoting the adoption of different types of modern irrigation technology. Irrigation pricing showed a positive impact on household-based irrigation technology, and a negative impact on community-based irrigation technology, possibly related to the substitution effect that is, the higher rate of adoption of household-based irrigation technology leads to lower incentives for investment in community-based irrigation technology. The paper finally concludes and discusses some policy implications.
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Sardaro, Ruggiero, and Piermichele La Sala. "The technical efficiency of the Apulian winegrowing farms with different irrigation water supply systems." Economia agro-alimentare, no. 2 (September 2020): 1–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/ecag2-2020oa10410.
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Apulia has a considerable demand of irrigation water, however high inefficiency levels of the collective water networks force most of the regional farms to use groundwater, with a consequent worsening of its quality, as well as of soil and crops characteristics. Therefore, the use of sustainable supply methodsfor irrigation water is desirable both through improvements of the collective networks and by appropriate economic tools.However, making the correct choices in these matters requires knowledge concerning the effects of the present water supply systems on the economic performance of farms.The objective of this study is to measure and compare the technical efficiency of winegrowing farms in northern Apulia that use different supply systems for irrigation water: groundwater from private wells, irrigation water from collective networks, and irrigation water from both private wells and collective networks. The results enable to understand if and how different supply systems of irrigation water affect the management of productive factors and inputs. These findings also provide useful information for appropriate policies aimed at preserving groundwater and its externalities, as well as at improving the economic performance of Apulian farms.
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Zhovtonog, Olga, and Kateryna Ryzhova. "WATER EFFICIENCY INDICATORS FOR EVALUATION OF INSTITUTIONAL TRANSFORMATIONS IN IRRIGATION MANAGEMENT." Environmental Economics and Sustainable Development, no. 8(27) (2020): 64–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.37100/2616-7689/2020/8(27)/9.
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The modern problems of irrigation sector and need of its reforms are presented as well as the importance of evaluation of reforms results via system of indicators that characterized efficiency of water use and effectiveness of water management. For this purpose, the methods of system analysis are used and the main economic and ecological factors influencing the efficiency of water use are determined. Based on the results of the system analysis an indicative assessment proposed for the following three spatial levels: for assessment of the efficiency of the irrigation sector at the national level; evaluation of water management efficiency at the level of main infrastructure and; at the level of non-state irrigation network. The efficiency of water use in irrigated agriculture at the national level is calculated as the added value in agriculture sector related to the amount of water taken for agricultural purpose. This indicator shows general productivity of water use in irrigated agriculture. Groups of ecological and economic indicators that proposed for assessing the efficiency of water use on the level of the main irrigation infrastructure allow to assess the quality of irrigation service under existing management model. For evaluation of efficiency of water use and management at the level of water users’ organizations and individual farms the following economic indicators are selected: land productivity; water productivity; irrigation area; volume of water used for irrigation; costs of irrigation and amount of production. The soil fertility and ecological state of the irrigated lands proposed as a main ecological indicator. In addition to the economic and ecological indicators the number of organizational and technological factors that provides reliability of water supply to the fields and show a effectiveness of water management should be evaluated also. The proposed integrated system of indicators can be used to evaluate the state of water use and water management in irrigated agriculture, as well as to assess the results of institutional reforms of the sector that approved by the state strategic documents.
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Vicente, José R. "Economic efficiency of agricultural production in Brazil." Revista de Economia e Sociologia Rural 42, no. 2 (June 2004): 201–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0103-20032004000200002.
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This study measures levels of technical, allocative and economic efficiency in agricultural crop production for Brazil in 1995. A nonparametric frontier model (DEA) under constant returns to scale was used. On average, the results suggest that the sector suffers from moderate technical inefficiency and from strong allocative inefficiency. If full technical efficiency were achieved, the crop production would increase by more than 30% over that obtained in 1995. Land and labor were overutilized, while fertilizers and pesticides were underutilized. Climate, soil conditions and irrigation use affected technical efficiency levels, and education in rural areas helped explain the extent of allocative efficiency. The state of São Paulo State was the only production unit in Brazil operating in full efficiency in 1995.
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Hommadi, Ali Hassan, and Sabah Anwer Almasraf. "Water Retention Techniques under Crop’s Root Zone a Tool to Enhance Water Use Efficiency and Economic Water Productivity for Zucchini." Journal of Engineering 25, no. 6 (May 31, 2019): 44–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.31026/j.eng.2019.06.04.
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A new technique in cultivation by installing membrane sheet below the crop’s root zone was helped to save irrigation water in the root zone, less farm losses, increasing the field water use efficiency and water productivity. In this paper, the membrane sheet was installed below the root zone of zucchini during the summer growing season 2017 in open field. This research was carried out in a private field in Babil governorate at Sadat Al Hindiya Township reached 72 km from Baghdad. Surface trickle irrigation system was used for irrigation process. Two treatment plots were used, treatment plot T1 using membrane sheet and treatment plot T2 without using the membrane sheet. The applied irrigation water, time of irrigation, soil moisture contents before irrigation were calculated and recorded daily for the two treatments plots. Values of crop yield, Field water use Efficiency and economic water productivity were discussed and compared between the plots. The obtained results indicate that field water use efficiency for the two plots, T1 and T2 were: 6.04 and 4.64 kg/m3, respectively. The increasing value in field water use efficiency (FWUE) of plot T1 comparing with plot T2 was 30.2 %. Additionally, the value of economic water productivity of zucchini crop for plots T1 and T2 was: 20514.1 and 15031.7 ID/m3, respectively. The increasing value of the Economic water productivity (EWP) of plot T1 comparing with plot T2 was 36.5 %. The value of water saving in plot T1 was 16.7%. The reduction in frequency of irrigation at T1 was 12 %.
zucchini, water use efficiency, membrane sheet, and economic water productivity.
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Flock, D. K. "Genetic-economic aspects of feed efficiency in laying hens." World's Poultry Science Journal 54, no. 3 (September 1, 1998): 225–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/wps19980015.
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Khorida, Ninik, Mamok Suprapto, and Syafi’i. "The concept of Lomaya and Pilohayanga weir rehabilitation based on technical and economic aspects." MATEC Web of Conferences 195 (2018): 05009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201819505009.
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Lomaya and Pilohayanga Weirs are located in Limboto-Bone- Bolango River, Bone Bolango District, and Gorontalo Province. Pilohayanga Weir is located at 1,500 meters downstream of Lomaya Weir, it has 1,045 hectares of irrigation services area while also serving as a supplier of raw water requirements. The damage that occurred in Pilohayanga Weir resulted in its decreasing function, and also resulted in unmet irrigation and raw water needs. Meanwhile, Lomaya Weir has 3,148 hectares of irrigation services area. The aim of this research is to find the optimal solution among several alternative design concepts to meet Pilohayanga Weir’s water needs by supplying water from Lomaya Weir, considering both the technical aspects of hydraulic and the cost of implementation which must be within the economical boundary. In conclusion, the exact solution required is by the addition of several designs, these include: a) creating a new intake area on the right side of Pilohayanga Weir; b) creating an additional channel, flushing out sediment from Lomaya Weir; c) creating sand trap; and d) creating a carrier which will be channelled to Pilohayanga Irrigation Area.
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Kirsten, J. F., and J. van Zyl. "The economic impact of irrigation agriculture: Methodological aspects and an empirical application." Development Southern Africa 7, no. 2 (May 1990): 209–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03768359008439513.
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Elbakidze, Levan, Benjamin Fa’anunu, Aaron Mamula, and R. Garth Taylor. "Evaluating economic efficiency of a water buyback program: The Klamath irrigation project." Resource and Energy Economics 48 (May 2017): 68–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.reseneeco.2017.02.001.
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Kim, Sumin, Manyowa N. Meki, Sojung Kim, and James R. Kiniry. "Crop Modeling Application to Improve Irrigation Efficiency in Year-Round Vegetable Production in the Texas Winter Garden Region." Agronomy 10, no. 10 (October 7, 2020): 1525. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy10101525.
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Given a rising demand for quality assurance, rather than solely yield, supplemental irrigation plays an important role to ensure the viability and profitability of vegetable crops from unpredictable changes in weather. However, under drought conditions, agricultural irrigation is often given low priority for water allocation. This reduced water availability for agriculture calls for techniques with greater irrigation efficiency, that do not compromise crop quality and yield, and that provide economic benefit for producers. This study developed vegetable growing models for eight different vegetable crops (bush bean, green bean, cabbage, peppermint, spearmint, yellow straight neck squash, zucchini, and bell pepper) based on data from several years of field research. The ALMANAC model accurately simulated yields and water use efficiency (WUE) of all eight vegetables. The developed vegetable models were used to evaluate the effects of various irrigation regimes on vegetable growth and production in several locations in the Winter Garden Region of Texas, under variable weather conditions. Based on our simulation results from 960 scenarios, optimal irrigation amounts that produce high yield as well as reasonable economic profit to producers were determined for each vegetable crop. Overall, yields for all vegetables increased as irrigation amounts increased. However, irrigation amounts did not have a sustainable impact on vegetable yield at high irrigation treatments, and the WUEs of most vegetables were not significantly different among various irrigation regimes. When vegetable yields were compared with water cost, the rate decreased as irrigation amounts increased. Thus, producers will not receive economic benefits when vegetable irrigation water demand is too high.
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Viatkin, Konstantyn, Eduard Shyshkin, Oleksandr Kamieniev, Anna Pankeieva, Roman Viatkin, and Natalia Moroz. "Economic aspects for determining attractiveness of territories." E3S Web of Conferences 157 (2020): 03011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202015703011.
Full textAbstract:
The paper is dedicated to issues related to the development of territories by means of improvement of efficiency and development of cityplanning systems. One of the top components of the territory attractiveness is economic. Economic indicators are formed taking into consideration development of social parameters of this territory, and have reverse influence on the social development of territory. Economic indicators have impact on economic and innovative components of territorial development. Therefore, the importance of issue related to the improvement of economic component efficiency defined the purpose of this paper. The paper analyses indicators and criteria of economic attractiveness of territory, such as business activity, production potential, human resources management and investment component. Territory economic attractiveness assessment method is proposed using analysis, assessment and calculation of every single indicator of economic component of spatial-organizational model of city-planning system.