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Marques, Marcela G., Andrew Pelissari, Ana P. C. Coutinho, Marcelo Telascrea, Beatriz Antoniassi, and Marcia R. M. Chaves. "Flavored Drink Production Using Broken Rice: Evaluation of Physical-Chemical Properties and Power Consumption of Industrial Stirring System." Journal of Sustainable Development 10, no. 5 (September 29, 2017): 116. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jsd.v10n5p116.
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The industrial rice processing generates, in average, 14% of broken grains called grits, which are not well accepted by consumers, representing large economic loss. Researches have been conducted to increase the use of rice by-products as well as their benefit. Among them, beverages are attracting the attention, being develop. To contribute to this field, this study aimed to prepare a non-alcoholic flavored drink from rice grits; evaluate the physical-chemical properties and evaluate de power consumption of stirring system for the drink industrial production. The drink production involved the cooking of the rice grits, followed by crushing, homogenization, filtration and flavorization in a stirring tank, obtaining the final product for consumption. The power consumption calculation for mixing tanks was evaluated in three different situations at 25ºC, considering the pre-defined tank design and the drink characteristics. Results based on the physicochemical characteristics indicate that the rice flavored drink is a food alternative to substitute milk or soy extract drinks. On the industrial production aspects, the increasing in the consumed energy to the small stirring variations was observed, and it needs to be considered to the stirring equipment design in the industrial process.
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Mesquita, Alan A., Christiane M. B. M. Rocha, Fabio R. P. Bruhn, Dircéia A. C. Custódio, Mirian S. Braz, Sandra M. Pinto, Délcio B. Silva, and Geraldo M. Costa. "Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus agalactiae: prevalence, resistance to antimicrobials, and their relationship with the milk quality of dairy cattle herds in Minas Gerais state, Brazil." Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 39, no. 5 (May 2019): 308–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1678-5150-pvb-5821.
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ABSTRACT: Bovine mastitis is the most frequent disease worldwide in dairy herds, causing high economic losses to producers and industry, as well as having implications for public health due to the zoonotic potential of some agents involved in its etiology and the increased risk of antimicrobial residues in milk and its derivatives. Considering the multifactorial aspect of this disease, knowledge of the agents involved in its etiology and their antimicrobial susceptibility profiles is very important. This study was conducted with 306 dairy herds from the Campo das Vertentes region, located in the south of Minas Gerais state, whose owners were milk suppliers to a dairy in the same region. The study involved approximately 34,000 dairy cows and covered an area of approximately 12,564 km2. In these herds, prevalence rates of Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus agalactiae and their relationship with bulk milk somatic cell counts (BMSCC), total bacterial counts (TBC), and daily production were evaluated. In addition, analyses of resistance of these pathogens to the antimicrobials most commonly used in the treatment of mastitis in dairy herds were performed. Microbiological analyses of milk samples from collect from bulk milk tanks were performed aiming to evaluate the prevalence of S. aureus and S. agalactiae. For these proposes, the modified Baird-Parker Agar medium was used for detection of S. aureus and the modified Edwards Agar medium, enriched with 5% defibrinated sheep blood, was used for detection of S. agalactiae. The disc diffusion technique was applied to evaluate antimicrobial resistance. Results show high prevalence rates of S. aureus (70.3%) and S. agalactiae (67.0%) in the dairy farms studied, with 47.71% of the herds showing both pathogens. Associations between BMSCC and the presence of pathogens S. aureus and S. agalactiae and between TBC and the presence of S. agalactiae were observed, demonstrating the influence of these pathogens in milk quality. No variation was observed in the distribution of S. aureus and S. agalactiae in the different strata of daily production. High levels of resistance and multi-resistance were observed among the pathogens S. aureus and S. agalactiae. The results indicate the need for more effective control measures for mastitis caused by S. aureus and S. agalactiae in the dairy herds of the region studied and more judicious use of antimicrobials in order to reduce the problem of resistance to them.
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LAGODIIENKO, Nataliya, and Vladyslav LAGODIIENKO. "THE ECONOMIC COMPONENT EVALUATION OF AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT IN CONDITIONS OF NATIONAL ECONOMY OPENNESS." Ukrainian Journal of Applied Economics 4, no. 4 (October 30, 2019): 265–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.36887/2415-8453-2019-4-31.
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Introduction. The article assesses the importance of economic efficiency of agricultural production sustainable development in the conditions of the national economy openness. It is noted that sustainable development as a new form of social dynamics, applies to all spheres of socio-economic life and requires scientific and methodological development of models and mechanisms for its implementation in the practice of management. The least developed aspects of it now remain the problem of assessing the economic component of the agricultural production sustainable development in the conditions of the national economy openness. The purpose of the article is to assess the economic component of sustainable development of agricultural production in the conditions of the national economy openness. Within the achieve-ment of the goal, the following tasks were identified: research into the dynamics of the main indicators of the agricultural production level; estimation of indicators of agricultural enterprises economic activity; research of the self-sufficiency level in Ukraine by the main types of food. Results. It has been researched that in the agricultural sector of agrarian production of Ukraine there are positive changes – yields of all included in the analysis crops tend to increase. However, the indicators of the stability level of such growth (coefficient of variation) show significant differentiation. Despite the low values of the variation coefficients in agricultural productivity (excluding the average daily growth of pigs), the current state of the domestic livestock industry cannot be called satisfactory – because the number of cattle and pigs that are not compensated for the growth of animals continues to decline. As a result, production of milk, beef and pork decreases. In livestock farming, the decrease in production can only be compensated by the increase in poultry meat production. Conclusions. There is an extremely unstable dynamics of agricultural production. In our opinion, the main reason for the sharp fluctuations in production downward was: 1) rapid devaluation of the hryvnia; 2) the loss of traditional markets. The real flow of investment into agriculture demonstrates extremely volatile dynamics. The real dynamics of capital investment in Ukraine’s agriculture, not distorted by inflationary influence, has a low level of stability. Keywords: agricultural production, sustainable development, social infrastructure, rural territories, food security, economic component of sustainable development, production efficiency.
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Svynous, I., D. Mykytyuk, and A. Semysal. "Economic aspects of efficient milk production in Ukraine." Ekonomìka ta upravlìnnâ APK, no. 2(159) (November 24, 2020): 83–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.33245/2310-9262-2020-159-2-83-94.
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The article considers the issues of increasing the efficiency of dairy production in agricultural enterprises and households. The main stages and their features in dairy farming development of the country and their impact on the efficiency of milk production in agricultural enterprises and households were highlighted. The reasons which cause decrease of cow livestock in both agricultural enterprises and households were identified. The inhibitory factors in the development of dairy cattle breeding were identified and the directions of its revival were outlined. It was substantiated that considering the current state and trends of dairy farming in Ukraine, its efficiency, government support measures should be aimed at increasing production mainly in farms of the corporate sector of the agricultural economy, which in the nearest future will become major producers of raw milk. It was determined that without the introduction of an effective system of government support for milk producers, which firstly will include the restoration of the special VAT regime, financing of dairy breeding revival at the state and regional level, it is impossible to have positive changes in increasing cows amount and increasing production efficiency, in addition the population of cows will continue to fall in the households. It is proved that today the system of breeding service, which was previously in Ukraine and allowed to conduct breeding at the appropriate level, is destroyed and does not work. It was concluded that further productivity growth and reproduction of animal’s livestock is extremely problematic due to the lack of a modern selection system in animal husbandry. It was established that the current level of profitability allows to ensure only simple reproduction in independent agricultural enterprises, mostly small and medium.It is true that in this situation, most farms in the corporate sector of the agricultural economy are trying to become part of vertically integrated structures of preserving and expanding their production activities on a qualitatively new material and technical base in the future.It was proved that the innovative type of dairy cattle breeding development will ensure the profitability of production and, accordingly, the growth of the income level of rural residents who are the employees of an agricultural enterprise. Measures of state and regional support of milk production in Ukraine were offered. Key words: dairy cattle breeding, agricultural enterprises, households, government support, milk processing plant.
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Zhao, Ming, Lei Liu, and Su Zhen Li. "State of the Art on Seismic Design and Research of LNG Tanks." Advanced Materials Research 368-373 (October 2011): 1084–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.368-373.1084.
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As a part of lifeline system, the LNG tanks seismic design is very important because of the increasing danger caused by the rapid economic development. However, the LNG tanks design codes are absent in China. The application of the double-layer spherical tank should be promoted, because of its advantages including better mechanical behavior, less maintenance cost etc. The state of the art about the design aspect is reviewed, especially the low temperature material properties, the liquid-structure interaction analysis techniques, the isolation and damping of tanks. The potential aspects for the future design are also discussed.
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Radko, V. "Economic aspects of energy efficiency in Ukrainian agricultural enterprises` dairy farming." Ekonomìka ta upravlìnnâ APK, no. 1 (148) (May 30, 2019): 65–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.33245/2310-9262-2019-148-1-65-75.
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It was established that material and technical support of milk production process in agricultural enterprises is an important reserve for increasing economic stability on the basis of creation of high-tech and energy-efficient production management system. The directions of innovative provision of technological processes in dairy farming are outlined: forage conservation; keeping and feeding animals; creation of farms with waste heat utilization, mechanized feeding, milking, waste management (robotic farms); computerization of milk production accounting processes and the prediction of the genetic value of animals; milk quality control by means of electronic means for testing of fat and protein content in milk; systems of cooling and milk storage. It has been proved that energy expenditure in dairy farming depends on a large number of factors, in particular the methods of keeping farm animals and their productivity, the level of mechanization and automation of technological processes on the farm, etc. It is established that in determining the energy costs, energy expenditure is taken into account only for individual, often final, technological operations, resulting in an assessment of the efficiency of milk production that is incomplete, which does not allow to objectively determine the efficiency of technological solutions. Summarizing the aforementioned, it will be grounded that the reduction of energy consumption in the milk production is possible not only on the basis of technical re-equipment of equipment, reconstruction and replacement on the new, but also due to the formation of rational consumer behavior and the development of a sound management policy for the use of energy resources at all stages of production dairy products. It is proposed to create at the agricultural enterprises an appropriate unit for ensuring energy efficiency and the appointment of a manager. Moreover, the responsibility of the manager should be clearly regulated and controlled by the business owners to fulfill all the requirements of energy saving, which should result in the reduction of energy consumption. It is proved that the reduction of energy consumption for milk production is achieved on the basis of providing the microclimate by utilizing the heat that is in the air and is removed from the premises. Key words: dairy farming, agricultural enterprise, energy efficiency, energy resources, energy management.
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Vasylieva, Natalia. "Economic Aspects of Food Security in Ukrainian Meat and Milk Clusters." Agris on-line Papers in Economics and Informatics 9, no. 3 (September 30, 2017): 81–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.7160/aol.2017.090308.
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CONDOLEO, ROBERTO, GILBERTO GIANGOLINI, ALEXANDRA CHIAVERINI, DANIELA PATRIARCA, PAOLA SCARAMOZZINO, and ZIAD MEZHER. "Occurrence of Listeria monocytogenes and Escherichia coli in Raw Sheep's Milk from Farm Bulk Tanks in Central Italy." Journal of Food Protection 83, no. 11 (June 9, 2020): 1929–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/jfp-20-023.
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ABSTRACT For milk hygiene and safety, the milking phase is a critical moment because it is a probable pathway for the introduction of unwanted microorganisms in the dairy chain. In particular, Listeria monocytogenes and Escherichia coli are known as possible microbial contaminants of raw sheep's milk, although extensive knowledge regarding their contamination dynamics on sheep farms is still lacking. This study aimed to examine the occurrence and concentration of these microorganisms in milk samples collected from farm bulk tanks in the region of Lazio (Central Italy) and to investigate the related risk factors. Over a period of 1 year, we collected 372 milk samples from 87 sheep farms and administered a questionnaire to acquire information regarding relevant farm management variables. L. monocytogenes was not found in any of the samples, which indicates a low occurrence of this pathogen in sheep's bulk tank milk. In contrast, E. coli was found in almost two-thirds of milk samples (61%) but at levels below 102 CFU/mL in most of them (approximately 75%). Statistical analysis indicated that, during the warmest seasons, E. coli presence is more probable and counts are significantly higher. Unexpectedly, milk collected by hand milking had a lower level of contamination. Although further studies are necessary to clarify some aspects, the reported data add to the knowledge about the occurrence of L. monocytogenes and E. coli in raw sheep's milk and will be useful for future risk assessments. HIGHLIGHTS
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Csatári, Gábor Bence. "The economic aspects of innovation in sheep breeding." Applied Studies in Agribusiness and Commerce 4, no. 1-2 (July 30, 2010): 97–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.19041/apstract/2010/1-2/14.
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During my investigations, I highlighted three innovations, all of which serve the production of a final product, sheep kefir. This product contains a unique added value and involves several innovational opportunities. I examined the complex economic analysis of the innovations and technological elements investigated with respect to revenues from the sale of sheep milk, sheep cheese (kashkaval) and sheep kefir. The kashkaval-type sheep cheese does not contain sufficient added value to cover the costs of innovational investments. Investigating the innovational activity for developing sheep kefir and for its market introduction, its cash flow balance becomes positive already in the second year after realization, and is able to generate significant profit.
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غريب, محمد. "مبادئ التصميم الأمثلي للخزانات الخرسانية الأسطوانية المفتوحة." FES Journal of Engineering Sciences 2, no. 1 (November 6, 2006): 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.52981/fjes.v2i1.83.
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The objective of this study is to find economic solutions for open cylindrical concrete tanks, in terms of different ratios of tank height, diameter and thickness, under several support conditions. The equivalent strip method was utilized in the structural analysis procedures. Several numerical examples were presented, in order to clarify different aspects of this study.
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Červený, Dávid. "Economic aspects of consumers’ preferences when buying milk and selected dairy products." Mathematics in Education, Research and Applications 5, no. 1 (October 2019): 43–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.15414/meraa.2019.05.01.43-52.
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Paixão, Marcel Gomes, Marcos Aurélio Lopes, Geraldo Márcio da Costa, Guilherme Nunes de Souza, Luiz Ronaldo de Abreu, and Sandra Maria Pinto. "Milk quality and financial management at different scales of production on dairy farms located in the south of Minas Gerais state, Brazil." Revista Ceres 64, no. 3 (June 2017): 213–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0034-737x201764030001.
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ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to analyze the relationship between aspects related to financial management and scale of production with quality traits (total bacteria count - TBC; somatic cell count - SCC) and composition (protein, fat, lactose, total solids, and non-fat solids) of refrigerated bulk tank milk from 100 dairy farmers located in the south of Minas Gerais state, Brazil, by application of a semi-structured questionnaire. Dairy farmers were categorized according to the daily milk production: small (lower than 150 L); medium (151 to 500 L); and large (higher than 501 L). Chi-square tests and identification of possible relative risks between financial aspects and current regulation standards (Normative Instruction No. 62 of December 29, 2011, Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Supply) associated to TBC (higher 300,000 CFU/mL) and SCC (higher than 500,000 cells/mL) means from bulk tank milk among different milk scales productions were performed. Bulk tanks milk composition met the legislation standards and had not differ between scales of production; however, SCC means within all scales, and TBC of small farmers had not attended the legislation standards and differences were identified (P ≤ 0.05). Regarding the financial management aspects, most farmers had no control over incomes, costs, nor calculated milk production cost, with decreased incidences as scale of production increased. Chi-square tests identified that producers that had no concern about milk quality payment bonuses had TBC means 2.95 times more likely (P ≤ 0.05) to be above the current regulations. Small dairy farmers had a greater negligence of the costs management and hygienic milk production as compared to medium and large farmers.
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Starkl, M., T. A. Stenström, E. Roma, M. Phansalkar, and R. K. Srinivasan. "Evaluation of sanitation and wastewater treatment technologies: case studies from India." Journal of Water, Sanitation and Hygiene for Development 3, no. 1 (March 1, 2013): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/washdev.2013.099.
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This paper reports about the results of an evaluation of selected sanitation systems in India. The following sanitation systems were evaluated: septic tanks, communal Ecosan systems, biogas toilets, solid immobilized biofilters, multiple stage filtration and decentralized wastewater treatment systems (DEWATS). The evaluation has been based on an initial assessment looking at whether the systems comply with their intended benefits, and more in depth evaluations on cultural, economic and/or hygienic aspects where the initial assessment has not provided sufficient knowledge. The evaluation showed that all sanitation systems were well accepted by the users. The highest hygienic risk is present in septic tanks, where sludge handling poses a high risk for persons handling it.
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Suraj M. Popker and Guntur Anjana Raju. "Socio-Economic Status of Milk Producers of Primary Milk Societies: A Case Study." Think India 17, no. 1 (February 15, 2014): 8–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.26643/think-india.v17i1.7812.
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Dairy development program plays a vital role in the socio-economic conditions of the rural people. Higher demand for milk means adding larger number of high-breed milk producing cattle to the milk population. A large part of this cattle population is owned and reared in rural areas. Thus, small marginal farmers and landless agricultural laborers play a very important role in milk production of the country. Dairy farming can also be centered where the demand for milk is high. The co-operative movement for milk was started in India in the last decade of the nineteenth century with two objectives in view-protecting the farmers from the hands of the private money lenders and improving their economic condition. This paper endeavors to understand the socio-economic status of milk producers of primary milk societies. To study socio-economic status of milk producers, 90 milk supplying members from seven dairy primary societies out of fourteen societies having membership of 1027 were considered. Primary data were collected through schedule questionnaire, for the purpose of conducted survey only milk supplying members were selected by way of random sampling method. The primary data is processed by using SPSS package for drawing necessary results. The empirical results show that majority of members are above poverty line and 55.6% of them earn between Rs.5000 to 10000 p.m. The study also reveals that nearly 77.8% of the respondents are happy with the dairy business but 60% of them responded that new generation of their family should not continue with the same business. This paper also attempts to focus on a discussion on members perception of quality of services provided by the dairy milk societies in study area. The various aspects considered in the study are: opinion about satisfaction from various services provided by dairy societies, extension services like training, advisory service, education tour, etc..
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Putniòa, Irēna, Silvija Remberga, and Ingrîda Rumba-Rozenfelde. "Feeding Infants with Cow’S Milk and Soy Allergy: Social and Economic Aspects of Efficacy." Proceedings of the Latvian Academy of Sciences. Section B. Natural, Exact, and Applied Sciences 67, no. 4-5 (November 1, 2013): 320–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/prolas-2013-0060.
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Abstract Allergy to cow’s milk protein and/or soy is common among allergic diseases in infants. They appear at an early infant stage and remain important in clinical practice from one up to three years. According to clinical research, cow’s milk allergy affects about 1.9-4.9% of babies and infants, respectively, and in addition some of them also suffer from soy protein allergy. Dietary prevention of allergic protein by its elimination in food is a significant part of treatment, and allows adequate development of babies and restricts the risk of progressive allergic diseases. Securing exclusive breastfeeding is one of the basic principles in successful therapy treatment. However, there are cases when breastfeeding does not prevent the development of cross milk protein allergy. Only adequate special feeding formulas can provide both energy needs and sufficient quantity of proteins (8.9-11.5%) in food when breastfeeding is not possible. Knowledge of effective compensation mechanisms become apparent by analysing the situation in Europe and USA in the area of different available feeding formulas using both the medical insurance system and randomised formula providing tolerance of the mixture at about 90-95%. The goal of research was to determine the correlation between the availability of a special mixture, parental adherence and treatment outcomes. Applying special formulas is a routine part of treatment, and there is no doubt about its efficacy. No compensation mechanisms exist in present-day Latvia, and the current complicated economic situation in Latvia reduces the ability of parents to choose and buy appropriate formula food. Therefore, a substantial part of therapy treatment is unavailable to infants. Dietary prevention of allergic diseases in infants and small children in Latvia needs special consideration also because of poor knowledge of parents regarding the real situation.
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Żekało, Marcin. "Economic Aspects of Milk Production in Organic and Conventional Specialised Dairy Farms in Poland." Athens Journal of Business & Economics 1, no. 1 (December 31, 2014): 63–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.30958/ajbe.1-1-4.
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Fathey Fayek Tadros, Amgad. "Environmental aspects of petroleum storage in above ground tank." E3S Web of Conferences 166 (2020): 01006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202016601006.
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Oil pollution is a severing global environmental problem causing a number of adverse negative impacts on human health air ecosystem and eventually the natural income that is why soil, water, air pollution with petroleum hydrocarbons have become the focus of increasing public and research concern petroleum hydrocarbon contaminants in the air environment are caused by human activities when harmful or excessive quantities of substances are introduced into Earth’s atmosphere. Sources of air pollution include gases such as carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide, hydrogen sulfide, methane, the aliphatic and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH’s) fractions of petroleum are readily evolved to air during refinery and choosing the wrong storage tanks also leak to the soil change the chemical composition of spilled toxicity and biological impacts of the oil and add great difficulties to the identification of the residual spilled oil in the impacted environment and economic cost of air pollution in illness, health care costs, lost productivity so coordination between humans to conserves natural resources for future generation.
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Waltrick, Beatriz, and Wiebe J. Koops. "Effect of Economic Crisis on Sustainability Aspects of Holstein Dairy Systems in Brazil." Outlook on Agriculture 31, no. 2 (June 2002): 121–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.5367/000000002101293967.
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This analysis presents the development of the Holstein dairy system in Brazil, evaluating system sustainability during a time of crisis, based on changes in system productivity, stability, resilience and equity. Sustainability indicators are used to describe these changes. Records of Holstein cows registered in the National Dairy Cattle Archive from 1980 to 1992 were analysed to include a crisis period around 1990. The Holstein dairy farming system showed high stability and resilience in terms of milk production, although a high sensitivity to disturbances was evident.
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Wrona, R., E. Ziółkowski, K. Smyksy, and M. Brzeziński. "The Quality of Compressed Air as the Necessary Condition the Improving the Process Efficiency in Foundry Plants." Archives of Foundry Engineering 13, no. 4 (December 1, 2013): 107–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/afe-2013-0092.
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Abstract A foundry plant as a manufacturing system operates in accordance with the methods and principles making up the entire process of casting production, involving the use of machines and installations. One of the factors transforming the foundry plant’s static structure into the dynamic -processing structure is the compressed air. Practically each procedure making up the casting manufacturing process involves compressed air. Its sources include compressor machines connected to the receiving tanks, making up the compressed air transport installation. Two major aspects are to be addressed in compressed air management: the engineering and economic ones. The engineering aspect involves the manufacturing of compressed air with the required quality features and in the amount balancing its demand, whilst the economic aspect is associated with cost minimisation. This paper investigates the engineering aspects: air quality, with the main focus on air treatment processes to satisfy the constructional and operational requirements of air receivers present in the casting processes.
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Pryce, J. E., R. F. Veerkamp, R. Thompson, W. G. Hill, and G. Simm. "Genetic aspects of common health disorders and measures of fertility in Holstein Friesian dairy cattle." Animal Science 65, no. 3 (December 1997): 353–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1357729800008559.
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AbstractThe purpose of this study was to estimate genetic parameters for measures offertility and several health disorders in dairy cows. Data consisted of 33732 records, of which 9163 were on heifers, on 305-day milk yield, health disorders and inseminations. Measures offertility were calculated from calving and insemination dates and included calving interval, days to first service and conception to first service. Health disorders included milk fever, mastitis and lameness. Genetic and phenotypic (co)variances were estimated using restricted maximum likelihood. Heritability estimates for both health disorders and fertility traits were low, ranging from 0·003 to 0·080. All genetic correlations between 305-day milk yield and health and fertility traits, in cows and heifers together, were antagonistic implying that selection for milk yield may have caused a deterioration in health and fertility. The unfavourable correlation between milk yield and health and fertility traits, plus the economic importance of the latter, suggests that future breeding goals should be expanded to include some health disorders and fertility.
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Brascamp, E. W., and D. Minkema. "Economic Aspects of Selection for Milk, Fat-% and Protein-% in a Dairy Cow A. I.-Population." Zeitschrift für Tierzüchtung und Züchtungsbiologie 89, no. 1-4 (April 26, 2010): 99–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0388.1972.tb01388.x.
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Lewis, I. M., A. J. French, R. T. Tecirlioglu, G. Vajta, A. E. McClintock, K. R. Nicholas, K. A. Zuelke, M. K. Holland, and A. O. Trounson. "Commercial aspects of cloning and genetic modification in cattle." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 44, no. 11 (2004): 1105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea03239.
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A range of potential commercial applications of cloning and genetic modification in cattle has been suggested over the last decade. It includes the rapid multiplication of elite genotypes, production of valuable human proteins, altered production characteristics, increased disease resistance and milk with improved nutritional value and processing capabilities. However, an economic return from the sale of product is far from reality in any of these areas. One impediment to achieving economic sustainability is the extremely low efficiency in producing healthy offspring from transferred cloned embryos. Other significant impediments are societal concerns surrounding such technologies, animal welfare issues and regulatory requirements. This review will focus on current biological limitations and technical capabilities in commercial settings, the changes required to allow the production and sale of products at economically sustainable levels, cryopreservation and the progress towards automation of cloning techniques.
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Golam, T. B. "The Role of Russia in the Formation of a Post-Pandemic World Order Timur B. Golam." South East Asia: Actual problems of Development, no. 2 (47) (2020): 27–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.31696/2072-8271-2020-2-2-47-027-036.
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The article is devoted to the analysis of the role of Russia in the economic, political and social aspects of the СOVID-19 pandemic. The author considers publications of world leading research centers and think tanks as well as foreign policy decisions of leading world powers, considers relations between Russia and the United States as one of the most influential actors in the international struggle against the COVID-19 pandemic. Particular attention is paid to comparing different approaches to the international struggle against various epidemics and pandemics at the present stage. In conclusion the author makes a forecast on the possibility of the formation of a new world order in the post-pandemic period.
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Tomić, Vedran, Dragan Milić, and Dejan Janković. "Economic aspects of milk production and traditional dairy products on agricultural farms in the Republic of Serbia." Ekonomika poljoprivrede 67, no. 3 (2020): 881–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/ekopolj2003881t.
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Cherkasova, E. "Spain: Opinion on European Integration." World Economy and International Relations, no. 11 (2014): 48–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.20542/0131-2227-2014-11-48-53.
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The article analyzes the changes that characterize Spanish approach to political aspects of European integration, and more specifically, the approach of different political parties to the process. Spanish political circles and even think tanks pay relatively little attention to theoretical aspects of European integration, whereas practical relations with the EU are of paramount importance. This is due to the fact that the question of belonging to the EU was settled in Spain long ago and definitively. Majoritarian character of Spanish democracy facilitates the transfer of powers from Brussels to Madrid, i.e. objectively favors the choice of federalization. Nevertheless, Spain continues to upload its national preferences onto the EU decision-making process. In recent years, Spain’s influence and authority in the EU have declined because of the economic crisis. This loss of authority will be overcome as soon as the economic growth is resumed. Constantly emphasizing its belonging to the core of the EU, the “Old Europe”, and to the core of the euro zone, maintaining close relationship with the Latin group within the EU, Spain has consistently advocated a united and strong Europe with a Common Foreign and Security Policy.
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Kierys, D., and B. Barkdoll. "Sustainability-inspired composting latrine design." Journal of Water, Sanitation and Hygiene for Development 7, no. 3 (July 17, 2017): 515–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/washdev.2017.038.
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In support of the Millennium Development Goals to provide improved sanitation to the world, a sustainability-inspired composting latrine design based on work in rural Panama, but also applicable to similar situations, is offered here. The design is based on the three aspects of sustainability namely economic, social, and technical. The new design will allow for improved health for current and future generations. The design is less costly (economic), is based on concepts to improve the likelihood of use based on interviews with potential users (social), and provides better quality compost through ammonia-based treatment (technical). The design consists of two ferrocement compost vaults to save money over conventional vaults, urine storage tanks to improve ammonia conditions in the compost, urine control valves for urine control, a water-washing bidet for personal washing (as preferred by the users), and a handwashing station within the latrine superstructure for convenience.
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Haley, C. S. "Mapping genes for milk and meat quality." Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Science 2001 (2001): 275–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1752756200006335.
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Genetic selection has proved itself to be the most powerful tool available for the improvement of livestock. Over the last 40 years the efficiency of livestock production has been increased radically by the success of animal breeding. Where animal breeders have been successful it has been through the application of relatively simple rules – selection based on traits that can be measured in a repeatable manner and where variation between individuals has both a genetic component and economic relevance. Until recently, this has meant that breeders have focussed on efficiency traits – for example growth rate or milk yield - and in some cases, certain easily measured aspects of quality, such as overall fatness as inferred from ultrasonically measured fat depth. As both the breeding industry and consumers have become more sophisticated, there has been an increasing focus on traits associated with reproduction, welfare and disease and quality. Such traits can be more difficult to improve by selection because heritabilities are low (i.e. only a small amount of variation between animals is genetic in origin, such as for some reproduction and disease associated traits). In addition, such traits may be difficult or expensive to measure (e.g. disease related traits, or quality related traits measured in the laboratory or by sensory panels) and have economic values that are difficult to quantify.
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ESPINOZA-ORTEGA, A., E. ESPINOSA-AYALA, J. BASTIDA-LÓPEZ, T. CASTAÑEDA-MARTÍNEZ, and C. M. ARRIAGA-JORDÁN. "SMALL-SCALE DAIRY FARMING IN THE HIGHLANDS OF CENTRAL MEXICO: TECHNICAL, ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL ASPECTS AND THEIR IMPACT ON POVERTY." Experimental Agriculture 43, no. 2 (March 28, 2007): 241–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0014479706004613.
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Small-scale dairy farming has been suggested as a rural development option for Mexican campesino communities. However, there is a lack of information on how dairy farming systems operate. The objective of this paper is to analyse the social, productive and economic characteristics of small-scale dairy production systems in the central highlands in the northwest of the State of Mexico. These three characteristics were analysed on 69 farms using factor and cluster analysis. Five factors accounted for 68% of cumulative variance. Cluster analysis yielded three well-defined groups. A Kruskal–Wallis test was performed on the arable land area and the number of animals, and analysis of variance for milk yield. Economic analysis was undertaken using activity budgets. Results showed the relationships between scale and management methods and their effects on the income for the family. Families in only one of the three groups receive incomes from dairying that were above all Mexican poverty indices. This outcome is explained by the intensification in the management of their herds, which is reflected in higher milk yields, higher incomes and better access to government support schemes. Enhancement of milk production in the area studied needs differential policies which take in to account differences between the groups identified.
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Hrubý, J. "Food consumption, its aspects and consequences." Czech Journal of Food Sciences 18, No. 4 (January 1, 2000): 148–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/8334-cjfs.
Full textAbstract:
Food consumption recording is a social need because the consumption is an indicator of the nutrition status that means the health status, of the population, and an economic factor. Food consumption trends in the nineties are characterized by a steep fall of most kinds of foods, mainly from animal sources. It is not necessary to adjust this fact with respect to recent data of the time series. Four commodities show a positive increase. The trend of food consumption is bound up with more slowly increasing incomes of the population than was the increase in food prices after their liberalization. The consequences of consumption trends do not imply any deterioration of nutrition status because nutrition requirements have been met except calcium and vitamin A supply due to a decrease in milk consumption, and except vitamin C, still a deficient element although its supply has substantially increased. A systematic attention should be focused on the population nutrition through nutrition and food policies.
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NOVAC, Cristiana Ștefania, Sanda ANDREI, and Nicodim Iosif FIȚ. "An Overview of Specific Pathogens in Goat Mastitis." Bulletin of University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca. Veterinary Medicine 76, no. 2 (November 25, 2019): 118. http://dx.doi.org/10.15835/buasvmcn-vm:2019.0025.
Full textAbstract:
Goat milk ranks fourth in terms of global milk production and lately it has become increasingly popular among consumers. Unfortunately, mastitis is one of the most common diseases that affects dairy goats, with serious economic consequences and food safety matters. The prevalence of clinical mastitis is lower than 5% and the main aetiological agent is S. aureus. On the other hand, the prevalence of subclinical mastitis is between 5-30%, with coagulase negative staphylococci (CNS) representing the most often isolated microorganisms.The aim of this paper is to highlight the main aspects regarding the aetiology of goat mastitis, as well as the importance of the milk somatic cell count (MSCC) in the diagnosis process. Although the inflammation of the mammary gland in goats is not as frequently diagnosed compared to cow mastitis, there are several aspects worth discussing in order to fully understand the pathogenesis of intramammary infections.
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Străteanu, Amalia-Gianina, and Simona Nicoleta Stan. "New Bio-Scientific Interpretations of the Eco-Economic Zootehnization of the Romanian Performing Agriculture." Annals ”Valahia” University of Targoviste - Agriculture 12, no. 1 (April 1, 2018): 39–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/agr-2018-0007.
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Abstract It is known that in all Western European countries, during the 20th century was initiated, developed, applied and consolidated the bio-scientific principle of agriculture zootehnization, so this trend continues in the first two decades of the 21st century. Based of the official data of EUROSTAT, this article presents the concrete situation of the dynamics of the two main livestock productions, respectively milk and meat, using annual data, namely those published in 2016 and 2017. The authors use new bio-scientific arguments to analyze and interpret the concept of agriculture zootehnization, with unprecedented and documented ighlighting of polyvalent and synergistic aspects, between the effective zootechnical practice of the performing agriculture (on the one hand) and the bioeconomic management of animal husbandry (on the other hand). Thus, the authors report the fact that at 21 611 thousand head dairy cows in the EU (excluding the United Kingdom), is collected a production of 138 511 thousand tonnes milk, with a average milk production of 6 409.29 kg / head, of which in the milk industry (Table 3. with those 14 selected countries), the year is obtained, in thousand tons, 30 087 dairy products (milk for consumption, milk powder, butter and cheese). In the same sense, the authors present and analyze the dynamics of meat production from the farm livestock and they find that the annual values for carcass weight in thousands tons are for bovine 6,885, for pigs 22,522 and for sheep 423, which highlights a real zootechnical, genetic and bio-productive potential. We underline that in two synthesis tables, the authors present the numerical situation of the relations between the European Union and Romania, so in a professional way, through a new bio-scientific argument it is justifiably demonstrated that Romania needs to develop inter-, multi-and transdisciplinary and to apply a real country project for the Carpatho-Danubiano-Pontic autochthon space in its European context.
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Mouhous, Azeddine, Farid Djellal, Hocine Guermah, and Si Kadi. "Technical and economic performance of dairy cattle farming in mountain areas in Tizi-Ouzou, Algeria." Biotehnologija u stocarstvu 36, no. 4 (2020): 487–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/bah2004487m.
Full textAbstract:
The aim of this study is to explore the technical and economic aspects of cattle farms in mountain areas and to identify their technical constraints and potentialities. One hundred dairy cattle farmers were surveyed for seven months. The results show that the average farm size is 13 dairy cows and shows considerable variability at the sample level. For one-third of the farms, stabling is almost permanent and feed concentrate used as supplement (on average 7 kg /cow/day). 85% of the factors of production (useful agricultural area and possession of tractor) are owned by 45% of the breeders. Cow productivity averages is around 10.5 kg / day with two milkings / day. In addition, the average self-consumption of milk is 6 kg / day, which represents 2.8% of milk production. Feed expenses represent 90% of production costs. Annual income range from 99 909 AD / livestock unit (LU) nearly 148 421 AD / livestock unit. This variation is a function of the endowment of production resources. Subsidies for milk production represent 58% of the average income of farmers, what shows the low yield of dairy cattle farms. Today, with the drastic reduction in financial resources, dairy production development policies should focus on strategies to improve cow productivity and profitability in those areas.
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Mouhous, Azeddine, Farid Djellal, Hocine Guermah, and Si Kadi. "Technical and economic performance of dairy cattle farming in mountain areas in Tizi-Ouzou, Algeria." Biotehnologija u stocarstvu 36, no. 4 (2020): 487–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/bah2004487m.
Full textAbstract:
The aim of this study is to explore the technical and economic aspects of cattle farms in mountain areas and to identify their technical constraints and potentialities. One hundred dairy cattle farmers were surveyed for seven months. The results show that the average farm size is 13 dairy cows and shows considerable variability at the sample level. For one-third of the farms, stabling is almost permanent and feed concentrate used as supplement (on average 7 kg /cow/day). 85% of the factors of production (useful agricultural area and possession of tractor) are owned by 45% of the breeders. Cow productivity averages is around 10.5 kg / day with two milkings / day. In addition, the average self-consumption of milk is 6 kg / day, which represents 2.8% of milk production. Feed expenses represent 90% of production costs. Annual income range from 99 909 AD / livestock unit (LU) nearly 148 421 AD / livestock unit. This variation is a function of the endowment of production resources. Subsidies for milk production represent 58% of the average income of farmers, what shows the low yield of dairy cattle farms. Today, with the drastic reduction in financial resources, dairy production development policies should focus on strategies to improve cow productivity and profitability in those areas.
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Brouk, Micheal J. "110 Managing Feed Efficiency to Improve Dairy Farm Margin." Journal of Animal Science 98, Supplement_3 (November 2, 2020): 20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skaa054.034.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Dairy farm margin has continued to be a challenge for the dairy industry. Several years of challenging milk prices with limited relief from high feed costs and increasing production cost have continued to erode the net margin of US dairy farms. As dairy producers continue to operate in a challenging economic environment, discoveries are being made in various farm efficiencies to improve farm margin. Increased management intensity on all aspects of the dairy farm is resulting in the discover of and improvement of many individual efficiency factors. Key areas of economic efficiency include feed, animal reproduction, replacement animals, labor and resource allocation. Often the answer to improved efficiency involves more than just reduced production cost, but also in the improvement of production to reduce the cost per unit of milk produced. Identifying and focusing on the important factors that can improve overall farm efficiency will enable producers to weather the economic challenges. For dairy producers, one of the complications is the biology of the dairy cow and understanding how to utilize the biology correctly for improved efficiency of milk production. Improved efficiency of milk production requires attention to details in many areas of the dairy. Identifying the correct areas of deficiencies, establishing corrective plans of action and then careful evaluation of the impact of changes are all key to the overall success of improving dairy farm margins and efficiencies.
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Kopytets, Nataliia, and Volodymyr Voloshyn. "Organizational and economic aspects of functioning of the field of cattle breeding in Ukraine." E3S Web of Conferences 282 (2021): 07015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202128207015.
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The article conducted with a scientific assessment and substantiated organizational and economic aspects of the functioning of the field of cattle breeding. The field of cattle breeding has been traditionally and remains one of the leading ones for Ukraine. The dynamics of livestock, milk production and beef and veal production were analyzed. It was established that the main producers of products of cattle breeding were the economy of the population, which provide more than 70 % of production volumes. The problematic issues of the functioning of the field of cattle were generalized: a reduction in the number of cattle, reducing its productivity, deterioration of production indices and its efficiency, unsatisfactory level of feed base, breeding and tribal work and technological support, insufficient state support, reduction of the level of consumption of products of cattle breeding. It was substantiated that the further functioning of the industry and its efficiency depends on the policy of the government and the motivational mechanism. The important areas for increasing the efficiency of the field of cattle are the concentration of production, including on the basis of co-operation of manufacturers, improvement of feed base and tribal affairs, modernization of logistical support, investment and innovation activity was argued
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Araújo, Bruno Fernando Oliveira, Sybelle Geórgia Mesquita da Silva, João Manoel da Silva, Cícero Cerqueira Cavalcanti Neto, Paula Cibelly Vilela da Silva, Yamina Coentro Montaldo, Jakes Halan de Queiroz Costa, Elizabeth Simões do Amaral Alves, and Tania Marta Carvalho dos Santos. "Microbiological quality and somatic cells of in natura milk produced in Alagoas State, Brazil." Research, Society and Development 9, no. 9 (August 23, 2020): e412997379. http://dx.doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v9i9.7379.
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Raw milk is a food with great consumption and economic value in Brazil. However, is susceptible of contamination by pathogenic bacteria. The aimed of this study was to evaluate the quality of in natura milk based on microbiological in three dairy farms, somatic cells counting (SCC), bacterial counting and his physical-chemical composition. Were made the following microbiological analysis: counting of mesophilic and psychrotrophic bacteria, coliforms at 30 ºC, coliforms at 45 ºC, Staphylococcus spp., Listeria spp., and SCC. The physical-chemical analysis was fat, protein, lactose, total solids, urea, and casein. There was no evidence of Salmonella spp. and Escherichia coli were identified in any samples. In accordance to the microbiological standards established by Normative Instruction 76 only coliforms 30 ºC and 45 ºC counts were above the standards. There was a significant difference (p≤0.05) between the three farms studied regarding most microbiological aspects. Also, was observed difference (p≤0.05) for most of physical-chemical aspects. Overall, the milk produced in the regions of Alagoas State fails to meet just a constant criterion in the current legislation.
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Kolosha, Valery. "Certain aspects of evaluation of the level of efficiency of intensification in milk production." Actual problems of innovative economy, no. 4 (June 27, 2019): 63–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.36887/2524-0455-2019-4-11.
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Evaluation of the influence of production intensity in the field of dairy farming on the level of economic efficiency was performed using agricultural enterprises of the Region of Kharkiv and Chernihiv as examples. The enterprises were grouped according to the level of expenses per cow: up to UAH 10,000, UAH 10,000.1 - UAH 15,000, UAH 15,000.1 - 20,000, UAH 20,000.1 - 25,000 and more than UAH 25,000. It was established that production intensity in the field of dairy farming is very closely related with productivity of animals. In order to verify the significance of differences between groups under the parameter of cow productivity, comparison of the means by Student’s t-test was used that confirmed defi-niteness of this difference. Productivity of cows consistently increased from the first to the fifth group. It was determined that in absolute terms the largest difference was between the fourth and fifth groups of enterprises, which amounted to 1685 kg, and in relative terms - between the first and second - 37.0%. The regression model developed on the example of agricultural enterprises at the Region of Chernihiv allowed to determine influence and closeness of relationship between the level of prof-itability of milk production and independent indicators: productivity of cows (milk yield per 1 cow), the size of agricultural land, production cost of 1 quintal of milk and the share of milk in the structure of marketable products. The nonlinear nature of the relationship between the cost per cow and the level of profitability of milk production has been established. Based on the constructed model, it was determined that in the agricultural enterprises of the Region of Chernihiv at the average level of management in 2016 the highest cost efficiency level (16.1%) took place for the expendi-ture of 29174.6 UAH / head. At agricultural enterprises of the Region of Kharkiv, the highest cost efficiency level in 2018 (17.3 %) was reported for the expenditure of UAH 40,241/head. Key words: dairy farming, production performance, production intensity, cost efficiency, non-linear dependence of parameters, correlation model.
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McInerney, J. P. "An economic perspective on animal welfare." Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Production (1972) 1990 (March 1990): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0308229600017918.
Full textAbstract:
There is a common misperception that economics is about money. People holding this view will expect a paper on the economic aspects of animal welfare to quote various financial figures representing the effects on the costs of production, or on the consumer prices of animal products, from adjustments in production methods designed to ‘improve’ the welfare of farm livestock. Under such a view it would seem that better animal welfare is a cost to people, but a benefit to animals.However, this is too simplistic a view of what economics is really about. Economic analysis is built up from a model that treats all economic activity as a series of resource-using processes undertaken to benefit people (considered collectively, not any particular subgroup) . Livestock production is one such economic process. It takes resources (land, feed, labour, animals, veterinary services, etc) and transforms them into commodities that people want - milk, meat, eggs, wool, etc. In economic terms, livestock production is simply the exploitation of animals for human benefit. Logically, any change in this process which is subject to decision (as opposed to factors outside human control) will only take place if people want it.
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DENİZ, ABDÜLKERİM, KEMAL AKSOY, and MERT METİN. "Transition period and subclinical ketosis in dairy cattle: association with milk production, metabolic and reproductive disorders and economic aspects." Medycyna Weterynaryjna 76, no. 07 (2020): 6427–2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.21521/mw.6427.
Full textAbstract:
Many dairy cows experience a high incidence of health problems during the transition period (TP). The TP is an intermediate stage of various digestive, metabolic and reproductive functions which determine the general health status at the time of calving and during the first weeks postpartum. Negative energy balance due to increased energy demand at parturition and significantly reduced dry matter intake relative to demand is an important determinant. Consequently, substantial lipid mobilization from adipose tissue, increased oxidative stress and impaired immunity are associated with higher incidences of periparturient health problems including ketosis or subclinical ketosis (SCK), which have tremendous economic impact on dairy productivity. SCK is defined as the presence of increased blood ketone bodies (BHBA: betahydroxybutyric acid, acetone, acetoacetic acid) without clinical ketosis signs. Varying blood and milk cut-off values have been reported for BHBA concentrations defining SCK, but the most commonly accepted values are ≥ 1.2 mmol/L and ≥ 200 μmol/L respectively. This underestimated disease can impact dairy cow productivity through decreased milk production in the order of roughly 300 kg/lactation and increases the risk of metabolic and reproductive diseases such as displaced abomasum, retained placenta, metritis, mastitis, prolong oestrus interval and reduces conception rates. SCK also referred to as ‘profit robber or killer’ can cause productivity and economic losses of between $200-290 per dairy cow annually. Options for the control and prevention of SCK include controlled-release monensin capsules, and the injectable combination butaphosphan and cyanocobalamin and oral propylene glycol. SCK is easy to detect in early lactation using cow-side validated BHBA analysers with high specificity and sensitivity.
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Kaliyeva, Samal, Francisco Jose Areal, and Yiorgos Gadanakis. "Would Kazakh Citizens Support a Milk Co-Operative System?" Agriculture 11, no. 7 (July 8, 2021): 642. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture11070642.
Full textAbstract:
We estimate the monetary value of a policy aimed at increasing rural co-operative production in Kazakhstan to increase milk production. We analyse the drivers associated with public support for such policy using the contingent valuation method. The role of individuals’ psychological aspects, based on the reasoned action approach, along with individuals’ views on the country’s past regime (i.e., to the former Soviet Union), their awareness about the governmental policy, their sociodemographic characteristics, and household location on their willingness to pay (WTP) for the policy is analysed using an interval regression model. Additionally, we examine changes in individuals’ WTP before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. The estimated total economic value of the policy is KZT 1335 bn for the length of the program at KZT 267 bn per year, which is approximately half the total program budget, which includes other interventions beyond the creation of production co-operatives. The total economic value of the policy would equal the cost of the whole program after 10 years, indicating public support for this policy amongst Kazakh citizens. Psychological factors, i.e., attitude, perceived social pressure, and perceived behavioural control, and the respondents’ awareness of the policy and views on the Soviet Union regime are associated with their WTP. Sociodemographic factors, namely, age, income, and education, are also statistically significant. Finally, the effect of the shocks of COVID-19 is negatively associated with the respondents’ WTP.
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Misiuk, Mykola, and Maryna Zakhodym. "Development of the milk market in the context of ensuring the country's food security." Ekonomika APK 315, no. 1 (January 28, 2021): 34–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.32317/2221-1055.202101034.
Full textAbstract:
The purpose of the article is to reveal the essence of food security and analyze the development trends of the milk market in terms of providing the population with dairy products. Research methods. In the process of the study, dialectical methods of cognition, a systematic approach to the study of economic phenomena, monographic (with generalized domestic and foreign experience in determining the economic essence of food security), analysis and synthesis (when studying the levels of milk production and the physical and economic accessibility of the population to these products) were used , statistical groupings (when identifying the place of regions in the national volume of dairy production), economic and statistical (when processing mass statistical data), abstract logical (when substantiating theoretical generalizations and drawing conclusions). Research results. The theoretical aspects of food security as an economic category are substantiated, the essence of which is reduced as the ability of the state under various conditions to provide guarantees and meet the needs of the population for food products at a scientifically grounded level of consumption for effective demand. The analysis of the development of the milk market in the context of ensuring food security, in particular of such a segment as the consumption of milk in accordance with the scientifically grounded norm, is carried out and trends in the provision of milk to the regions of Ukraine are determined. Scientific novelty. The analysis of the level of dairy products consumption by the population of the regions of Ukraine made it possible to determine a certain level of imbalances in the production and formation of regional food stocks and to classify the regions of Ukraine by functions in the milk market according to the level of provision with their own production, which made it possible to substantiate the need for interregional exchange of industry products in order to improve the level consumption per capita and strengthening food security. Practical significance. The recommendations of the authors can be used by the Departments of agro-industrial development of regional state administrations in the development of food security programs, taking into account both the development of their own milk production and the exchange between regions. Tabl.: 3. Figs.: 2. Refs.: 24.
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Nascimento, Maria Beatriz Reinert do, and Hugo Issler. "Breastfeeding: making the difference in the development, health and nutrition of term and preterm newborns." Revista do Hospital das Clínicas 58, no. 1 (2003): 49–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0041-87812003000100010.
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Breastfeeding is the natural and safe way of feeding small infants, providing nutritional, immunological, psychological and economic recognized and unquestionable advantages. These qualities are especially important in premature infants, because of their vulnerability. Despite highly desirable, there is, in general, little success in breastfeeding preterm infants, especially in special care neonatal units. There are evidences that a high supportive hospital environment, with an interdisciplinary team, makes possible to these infants to be breastfed. In this article, the authors present an up-to-date review about the components of human milk and its unique characteristics, as well as describes aspects that make the breast milk particularly suitable for feeding the premature newborn.
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Pochwatka, Patrycja, Alina Kowalczyk-Juśko, Piotr Sołowiej, Agnieszka Wawrzyniak, and Jacek Dach. "Biogas Plant Exploitation in a Middle-Sized Dairy Farm in Poland: Energetic and Economic Aspects." Energies 13, no. 22 (November 19, 2020): 6058. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13226058.
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Although cow manure is a valuable natural fertilizer, it is also a source of extreme greenhouse gas emissions, mainly methane. For this reason, this study aims to determine the impact of investments in a biogas plant on the energy and economic aspects of the operation of a dairy farm. A farm with a breeding size of 600 livestock units (LSU) was adopted for the analysis. In order to reach the paper’s aim, the analysis of two different scenarios of dairy farm functioning (conventional–only milk production, and modern–with biogas plant exploitation) was conducted. The analysis showed that the investment in biogas plant operations at a dairy farm and in using cow manure as one of the main substrates is a more profitable scenario compared to traditional dairy farming. Taking into account the actual Polish subsidies for electricity produced by small biogas plants, the scenario with a functioning biogas plant with a capacity of 500 kW brings €332,000/a more profit compared to the conventional scenario, even when taking into account additional costs, including the purchase of straw to ensure a continuous operation of the installation. Besides, in the traditional scenario, building a biogas plant allows for an almost complete reduction of greenhouse gas emissions during manure storage.
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Khaskheli, Asad Ali. "A review on several important aspects of the camels." Aceh Journal of Animal Science 5, no. 2 (September 21, 2020): 129–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.13170/ajas.5.2.17580.
Full textAbstract:
The present study was conducted to gather the information regarding habitat, population, management, production and economic analysis of the camels worldwide. The main findings of review showed camel population around 25.89 million worldwide in almost 47 countries. Majority of camel herders were reported un-educated. Researchers further indicated that camels generally are reared under sedentary (50%), transhumant (25%), nomadic (15%) and household (10%) management systems. Age of camel famers ranges from 25 to 50 years. The female ratio markedly remains higher than males and young ones because the females are generally used for milk production. However the males are mostly used to carry the luggage, carrying load pulling cart etc. It was also stated by scientists that camels are mostly allowed for open grazing of natural vagetations. Breeding is practiced by natural method and the camel spend 20 to 30 minutes for matting. The female camels reach at the puberty age in 3-5 years, while male at 3.5 to 5.5 years. The duration of estrus cycle in camels vary from 16 to 22 days. Breeding period of camels remain between November and March. The average hair production of camels is 1.63 kg, average daily milk production 6.40 liter. Male have carrying capacity of 553 kg. In conclusion the husbandry practices of camel farming worldwide are based on old traditional methods, however the scientific farming rarely exits. There is no extension services available for the herders to motivate, educate and aware them modern management practices. Market infrastructure, as per study review, is not well established. Mostly the camel herder sale out their animals to middlemen due to long market distances.
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Selvi, V. Darling. "FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE OF KANYAKUMARI DISTRICT COOPERATIVE MILK PRODUCERS UNION (KDCMPU)." International Journal of Research -GRANTHAALAYAH 4, no. 4SE (April 30, 2016): 29–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.29121/granthaalayah.v4.i4se.2016.2740.
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The co-operative movement in Kanyakumari district has played a significant role in the social and economic development of the district, particularly in rural areas. Dairy co-operative movement in the district has contributed significantly towards the substantial increase in milk production. The main focus of this paper is to highlight the financial performance of Kanyakumari District Cooperative Milk producers Union. For this purpose the researcher used Creditor’s Turnover Ratio, Current Ratio, Dairy, Debt Equity Ratio, Gross Profit Ratio, Net Profit Ratio, Proprietary Ratio, Quick Ratio, Return on Investment, Stock Turnover Ratio, Return on Assets and Return on Investment. The result reveals the fact that the financial performance of Aavin industry in Kanyakumari District is good in all the aspects. As there is wider scope for the production as well as consumption of milk and milk products in the district, efforts can be made to reduce the cost and to maximize the profit to make the milk industry a vibrant and viable one in the district and state.
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Ezzat Alnakip, Mohamed, Marcos Quintela-Baluja, Karola Böhme, Inmaculada Fernández-No, Sonia Caamaño-Antelo, Pillar Calo-Mata, and Jorge Barros-Velázquez. "The Immunology of Mammary Gland of Dairy Ruminants between Healthy and Inflammatory Conditions." Journal of Veterinary Medicine 2014 (November 10, 2014): 1–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/659801.
Full textAbstract:
The health of dairy animals, particularly the milk-producing mammary glands, is essential to the dairy industry because of the crucial hygienic and economic aspects of ensuring production of high quality milk. Due to its high prevalence, mastitis is considered the most important threat to dairy industry, due to its impacts on animal health and milk production and thus on economic benefits. The MG is protected by several defence mechanisms that prevent microbial penetration and surveillance. However, several factors can attenuate the host immune response (IR), and the possession of various virulence and resistance factors by different mastitis-causing microorganisms greatly limits immune defences and promotes establishment of intramammary infections (IMIs). A comprehensive understanding of MG immunity in both healthy and inflammatory conditions will be an important key to understand the nature of IMIs caused by specific pathogens and greatly contributes to the development of effective control methods and appropriate detection techniques. Consequently, this review aims to provide a detailed overview of antimicrobial defences in the MG under healthy and inflammatory conditions. In this sense, we will focus on pathogen-dependent variations in IRs mounted by the host during IMI and discuss the potential ramifications of these variations.
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Farhangfar, H., H. Naeemipour, and P. Rowlinson. "Genetic analysis of lactation milk yield and age at first calving for Holstein heifers in Khorasan province of Iran." Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Science 2005 (2005): 127. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1752756200010383.
Full textAbstract:
The main aim of animal breeding programmes is to increase productivity and profitability of farm livestock through genetically improving the economic merit of farm livestock (Smith, 1998). This can be achieved by increasing the mean value of a population for one or several economically important traits by the genetic improvement of the animals in this population. In dairy cow husbandry, many traits of economic importance such as lactation milk yield and reproductive traits have long been of interests for breeders to increase profitability of dairy farms. Age at first calving is economically important because it determines when an animal begins its productive life and therefore could influence the lifetime productivity of an animal. Also, age at first calving can be considered as a measure of heifer fertility performance associated with reproductive efficiency. The main objective of the present research is to analyse genetic aspects of lactation milk yield and age at first calving for Holstein heifers in Khorasan province of Iran.
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Moise, Lavinia. "Observations Regarding the Growth and Exploitation of “Turcana” Breed Sheep on Small and Medium Farms." Annals ”Valahia” University of Targoviste - Agriculture 11, no. 1 (April 1, 2017): 34–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/agr-2017-0007.
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Abstract The exploitation directions in sheep race is determined by the national economic demanding, and the achievement possibilities by the productive potential of the races and also by the system and growth technology, improvement and exploitation of the races. The necessity of combining knowledge which contains a fundamental scientific profile with the applicative knowledge led to an approach of the complex applicative knowledge led to an approach of the complex aspects of the development and modernization of growth and exploitation technologies in import sheep race. Ţurcana continues to be the race that has the highest proportion of about 40% of the total. Milk production, birth weight of lambs, wool production and meat production were analized. Morpho characteristics of the breed Turcan highlights skills towards wool, milk, meat, and leather, which may improve the ability of the existence of a significant variability especially regarding the quantity and quality of milk and wool.
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WRZECIŃSKA, Marcjanna, and Ewa CZERNIAWSKA-PIĄTKOWSKA. "SPECIFIC CHARACTERISTIC OF SHEEP’S MILK AND PRO-HEALTH PROPERTIES DEPENDING ON THE SOMATIC CELLS COUNT." Folia Pomeranae Universitatis Technologiae Stetinensis Agricultura, Alimentaria, Piscaria et Zootechnica 356, no. 55 (October 21, 2020): 23–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.21005/aapz2020.55.3.03.
Full textAbstract:
Sheep milk is a valuable product due to its properties and composition. It is richer in high-quality protein and contains more nutritional value compared to the milk of other ruminants. Raw milk is characterized by a lack of enzymatic activity and a lack of pathogenic microorganisms. Milk also has a high content of minerals. For this reason, sheep's milk is a good raw material for the dairy industry and the production of fermented milk drinks as well as cheese. During lactation, the content of individual milk ingredients and milk yield fluctuate, which translates into the nutritional value of the product. Also, the content of somatic cells in milk is significantly different between the peak and the end of lactation of animals. The increase in cellular elements is a major indicator of mammary gland infection. The cause of mastitis is bacterial infection or mechanical teat damage. Inflammation of the mammary gland is a serious problem for dairy farmers due to the health and economic aspects of this disease, which is the main cause of slaughtering ewes and the fall of many animals, as well as enforcing the cost of healing females, and the obtained milk is utilized. It is estimated that up to 60% of sheep in herds can suffer from asymptomatic mastitis, which is a serious problem for the dairy industry. That is why research is important to analyze the amount of somatic cells in milk.
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Minh Thuan, Huynh, Nguyen Manh Huan, Vo Thi Thuong, Nguyen Thi Nhi, Tran Ky Anh, and Nguyen Huu Luong. "Investigation of crude oils compatibility and relationship with their properties." Science and Technology Development Journal 20, K8 (April 13, 2019): 35–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.32508/stdj.v20ik8.1668.
Full textAbstract:
The compatibility/incompatibility of crude oils will affect the asphaltene precipitation and finally for sludge deposition if such oils are storaged or blending together. Normally, the refineries process a mixture of several crude oils owing to economic, technical and political aspects. In this study, four crude oils were characterized and investigated in order to determine physical-chemical properties and insolubility number (IN) and blending solubility number (SBN). The result revealed that two pair of crude oils are fully compatible and the remaining are partly compatible. The volume limitation of each crude oil in the mixture is proposed. In addition, the relationship between the compatibility and physico-chemical properties of crude oils is discussed. In fact, the crude oil which possessed high wax content and low resins to asphaltenes ratio possesses low stability. This finding might provide a new and valuable strategy for solving the foulings in crude oil tanks and processing units in refineries.