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1
Svynous, I., D. Mykytyuk, and A. Semysal. "Economic aspects of efficient milk production in Ukraine." Ekonomìka ta upravlìnnâ APK, no. 2(159) (November 24, 2020): 83–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.33245/2310-9262-2020-159-2-83-94.
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The article considers the issues of increasing the efficiency of dairy production in agricultural enterprises and households. The main stages and their features in dairy farming development of the country and their impact on the efficiency of milk production in agricultural enterprises and households were highlighted. The reasons which cause decrease of cow livestock in both agricultural enterprises and households were identified. The inhibitory factors in the development of dairy cattle breeding were identified and the directions of its revival were outlined. It was substantiated that considering the current state and trends of dairy farming in Ukraine, its efficiency, government support measures should be aimed at increasing production mainly in farms of the corporate sector of the agricultural economy, which in the nearest future will become major producers of raw milk. It was determined that without the introduction of an effective system of government support for milk producers, which firstly will include the restoration of the special VAT regime, financing of dairy breeding revival at the state and regional level, it is impossible to have positive changes in increasing cows amount and increasing production efficiency, in addition the population of cows will continue to fall in the households. It is proved that today the system of breeding service, which was previously in Ukraine and allowed to conduct breeding at the appropriate level, is destroyed and does not work. It was concluded that further productivity growth and reproduction of animal’s livestock is extremely problematic due to the lack of a modern selection system in animal husbandry. It was established that the current level of profitability allows to ensure only simple reproduction in independent agricultural enterprises, mostly small and medium.It is true that in this situation, most farms in the corporate sector of the agricultural economy are trying to become part of vertically integrated structures of preserving and expanding their production activities on a qualitatively new material and technical base in the future.It was proved that the innovative type of dairy cattle breeding development will ensure the profitability of production and, accordingly, the growth of the income level of rural residents who are the employees of an agricultural enterprise. Measures of state and regional support of milk production in Ukraine were offered. Key words: dairy cattle breeding, agricultural enterprises, households, government support, milk processing plant.
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Radko, V. "Economic aspects of energy efficiency in Ukrainian agricultural enterprises` dairy farming." Ekonomìka ta upravlìnnâ APK, no. 1 (148) (May 30, 2019): 65–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.33245/2310-9262-2019-148-1-65-75.
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It was established that material and technical support of milk production process in agricultural enterprises is an important reserve for increasing economic stability on the basis of creation of high-tech and energy-efficient production management system. The directions of innovative provision of technological processes in dairy farming are outlined: forage conservation; keeping and feeding animals; creation of farms with waste heat utilization, mechanized feeding, milking, waste management (robotic farms); computerization of milk production accounting processes and the prediction of the genetic value of animals; milk quality control by means of electronic means for testing of fat and protein content in milk; systems of cooling and milk storage. It has been proved that energy expenditure in dairy farming depends on a large number of factors, in particular the methods of keeping farm animals and their productivity, the level of mechanization and automation of technological processes on the farm, etc. It is established that in determining the energy costs, energy expenditure is taken into account only for individual, often final, technological operations, resulting in an assessment of the efficiency of milk production that is incomplete, which does not allow to objectively determine the efficiency of technological solutions. Summarizing the aforementioned, it will be grounded that the reduction of energy consumption in the milk production is possible not only on the basis of technical re-equipment of equipment, reconstruction and replacement on the new, but also due to the formation of rational consumer behavior and the development of a sound management policy for the use of energy resources at all stages of production dairy products. It is proposed to create at the agricultural enterprises an appropriate unit for ensuring energy efficiency and the appointment of a manager. Moreover, the responsibility of the manager should be clearly regulated and controlled by the business owners to fulfill all the requirements of energy saving, which should result in the reduction of energy consumption. It is proved that the reduction of energy consumption for milk production is achieved on the basis of providing the microclimate by utilizing the heat that is in the air and is removed from the premises. Key words: dairy farming, agricultural enterprise, energy efficiency, energy resources, energy management.
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Vasylieva, Natalia. "Economic Aspects of Food Security in Ukrainian Meat and Milk Clusters." Agris on-line Papers in Economics and Informatics 9, no. 3 (September 30, 2017): 81–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.7160/aol.2017.090308.
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Csatári, Gábor Bence. "The economic aspects of innovation in sheep breeding." Applied Studies in Agribusiness and Commerce 4, no. 1-2 (July 30, 2010): 97–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.19041/apstract/2010/1-2/14.
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During my investigations, I highlighted three innovations, all of which serve the production of a final product, sheep kefir. This product contains a unique added value and involves several innovational opportunities. I examined the complex economic analysis of the innovations and technological elements investigated with respect to revenues from the sale of sheep milk, sheep cheese (kashkaval) and sheep kefir. The kashkaval-type sheep cheese does not contain sufficient added value to cover the costs of innovational investments. Investigating the innovational activity for developing sheep kefir and for its market introduction, its cash flow balance becomes positive already in the second year after realization, and is able to generate significant profit.
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Červený, Dávid. "Economic aspects of consumers’ preferences when buying milk and selected dairy products." Mathematics in Education, Research and Applications 5, no. 1 (October 2019): 43–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.15414/meraa.2019.05.01.43-52.
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Винограй, Э. Г., Л. М. Захарова, and Е. А. Плосконосова. "СИСТЕМНЫЕ И ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКИЕ АСПЕКТЫ РАЗРАБОТКИ ТЕХНОЛОГИИ КИСЛОМОЛОЧНОГО ПРОДУКТА ФУНКЦИОНАЛЬНОГО НАЗНАЧЕНИЯ." ТЕХНИКА И ТЕХНОЛОГИЯ ПИЩЕВЫХ ПРОИЗВОДСТВ 2, no. 45 (June 23, 2017): 20–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.21179/2074-9414-2017-2-20-27.
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Suraj M. Popker and Guntur Anjana Raju. "Socio-Economic Status of Milk Producers of Primary Milk Societies: A Case Study." Think India 17, no. 1 (February 15, 2014): 8–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.26643/think-india.v17i1.7812.
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Dairy development program plays a vital role in the socio-economic conditions of the rural people. Higher demand for milk means adding larger number of high-breed milk producing cattle to the milk population. A large part of this cattle population is owned and reared in rural areas. Thus, small marginal farmers and landless agricultural laborers play a very important role in milk production of the country. Dairy farming can also be centered where the demand for milk is high. The co-operative movement for milk was started in India in the last decade of the nineteenth century with two objectives in view-protecting the farmers from the hands of the private money lenders and improving their economic condition. This paper endeavors to understand the socio-economic status of milk producers of primary milk societies. To study socio-economic status of milk producers, 90 milk supplying members from seven dairy primary societies out of fourteen societies having membership of 1027 were considered. Primary data were collected through schedule questionnaire, for the purpose of conducted survey only milk supplying members were selected by way of random sampling method. The primary data is processed by using SPSS package for drawing necessary results. The empirical results show that majority of members are above poverty line and 55.6% of them earn between Rs.5000 to 10000 p.m. The study also reveals that nearly 77.8% of the respondents are happy with the dairy business but 60% of them responded that new generation of their family should not continue with the same business. This paper also attempts to focus on a discussion on members perception of quality of services provided by the dairy milk societies in study area. The various aspects considered in the study are: opinion about satisfaction from various services provided by dairy societies, extension services like training, advisory service, education tour, etc..
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Putniòa, Irēna, Silvija Remberga, and Ingrîda Rumba-Rozenfelde. "Feeding Infants with Cow’S Milk and Soy Allergy: Social and Economic Aspects of Efficacy." Proceedings of the Latvian Academy of Sciences. Section B. Natural, Exact, and Applied Sciences 67, no. 4-5 (November 1, 2013): 320–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/prolas-2013-0060.
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Abstract Allergy to cow’s milk protein and/or soy is common among allergic diseases in infants. They appear at an early infant stage and remain important in clinical practice from one up to three years. According to clinical research, cow’s milk allergy affects about 1.9-4.9% of babies and infants, respectively, and in addition some of them also suffer from soy protein allergy. Dietary prevention of allergic protein by its elimination in food is a significant part of treatment, and allows adequate development of babies and restricts the risk of progressive allergic diseases. Securing exclusive breastfeeding is one of the basic principles in successful therapy treatment. However, there are cases when breastfeeding does not prevent the development of cross milk protein allergy. Only adequate special feeding formulas can provide both energy needs and sufficient quantity of proteins (8.9-11.5%) in food when breastfeeding is not possible. Knowledge of effective compensation mechanisms become apparent by analysing the situation in Europe and USA in the area of different available feeding formulas using both the medical insurance system and randomised formula providing tolerance of the mixture at about 90-95%. The goal of research was to determine the correlation between the availability of a special mixture, parental adherence and treatment outcomes. Applying special formulas is a routine part of treatment, and there is no doubt about its efficacy. No compensation mechanisms exist in present-day Latvia, and the current complicated economic situation in Latvia reduces the ability of parents to choose and buy appropriate formula food. Therefore, a substantial part of therapy treatment is unavailable to infants. Dietary prevention of allergic diseases in infants and small children in Latvia needs special consideration also because of poor knowledge of parents regarding the real situation.
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Żekało, Marcin. "Economic Aspects of Milk Production in Organic and Conventional Specialised Dairy Farms in Poland." Athens Journal of Business & Economics 1, no. 1 (December 31, 2014): 63–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.30958/ajbe.1-1-4.
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Hrubý, J. "Food consumption, its aspects and consequences." Czech Journal of Food Sciences 18, No. 4 (January 1, 2000): 148–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/8334-cjfs.
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Food consumption recording is a social need because the consumption is an indicator of the nutrition status that means the health status, of the population, and an economic factor. Food consumption trends in the nineties are characterized by a steep fall of most kinds of foods, mainly from animal sources. It is not necessary to adjust this fact with respect to recent data of the time series. Four commodities show a positive increase. The trend of food consumption is bound up with more slowly increasing incomes of the population than was the increase in food prices after their liberalization. The consequences of consumption trends do not imply any deterioration of nutrition status because nutrition requirements have been met except calcium and vitamin A supply due to a decrease in milk consumption, and except vitamin C, still a deficient element although its supply has substantially increased. A systematic attention should be focused on the population nutrition through nutrition and food policies.
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Waltrick, Beatriz, and Wiebe J. Koops. "Effect of Economic Crisis on Sustainability Aspects of Holstein Dairy Systems in Brazil." Outlook on Agriculture 31, no. 2 (June 2002): 121–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.5367/000000002101293967.
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This analysis presents the development of the Holstein dairy system in Brazil, evaluating system sustainability during a time of crisis, based on changes in system productivity, stability, resilience and equity. Sustainability indicators are used to describe these changes. Records of Holstein cows registered in the National Dairy Cattle Archive from 1980 to 1992 were analysed to include a crisis period around 1990. The Holstein dairy farming system showed high stability and resilience in terms of milk production, although a high sensitivity to disturbances was evident.
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Pryce, J. E., R. F. Veerkamp, R. Thompson, W. G. Hill, and G. Simm. "Genetic aspects of common health disorders and measures of fertility in Holstein Friesian dairy cattle." Animal Science 65, no. 3 (December 1997): 353–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1357729800008559.
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AbstractThe purpose of this study was to estimate genetic parameters for measures offertility and several health disorders in dairy cows. Data consisted of 33732 records, of which 9163 were on heifers, on 305-day milk yield, health disorders and inseminations. Measures offertility were calculated from calving and insemination dates and included calving interval, days to first service and conception to first service. Health disorders included milk fever, mastitis and lameness. Genetic and phenotypic (co)variances were estimated using restricted maximum likelihood. Heritability estimates for both health disorders and fertility traits were low, ranging from 0·003 to 0·080. All genetic correlations between 305-day milk yield and health and fertility traits, in cows and heifers together, were antagonistic implying that selection for milk yield may have caused a deterioration in health and fertility. The unfavourable correlation between milk yield and health and fertility traits, plus the economic importance of the latter, suggests that future breeding goals should be expanded to include some health disorders and fertility.
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Lewis, I. M., A. J. French, R. T. Tecirlioglu, G. Vajta, A. E. McClintock, K. R. Nicholas, K. A. Zuelke, M. K. Holland, and A. O. Trounson. "Commercial aspects of cloning and genetic modification in cattle." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 44, no. 11 (2004): 1105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea03239.
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A range of potential commercial applications of cloning and genetic modification in cattle has been suggested over the last decade. It includes the rapid multiplication of elite genotypes, production of valuable human proteins, altered production characteristics, increased disease resistance and milk with improved nutritional value and processing capabilities. However, an economic return from the sale of product is far from reality in any of these areas. One impediment to achieving economic sustainability is the extremely low efficiency in producing healthy offspring from transferred cloned embryos. Other significant impediments are societal concerns surrounding such technologies, animal welfare issues and regulatory requirements. This review will focus on current biological limitations and technical capabilities in commercial settings, the changes required to allow the production and sale of products at economically sustainable levels, cryopreservation and the progress towards automation of cloning techniques.
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Brascamp, E. W., and D. Minkema. "Economic Aspects of Selection for Milk, Fat-% and Protein-% in a Dairy Cow A. I.-Population." Zeitschrift für Tierzüchtung und Züchtungsbiologie 89, no. 1-4 (April 26, 2010): 99–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0388.1972.tb01388.x.
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McInerney, J. P. "An economic perspective on animal welfare." Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Production (1972) 1990 (March 1990): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0308229600017918.
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There is a common misperception that economics is about money. People holding this view will expect a paper on the economic aspects of animal welfare to quote various financial figures representing the effects on the costs of production, or on the consumer prices of animal products, from adjustments in production methods designed to ‘improve’ the welfare of farm livestock. Under such a view it would seem that better animal welfare is a cost to people, but a benefit to animals.However, this is too simplistic a view of what economics is really about. Economic analysis is built up from a model that treats all economic activity as a series of resource-using processes undertaken to benefit people (considered collectively, not any particular subgroup) . Livestock production is one such economic process. It takes resources (land, feed, labour, animals, veterinary services, etc) and transforms them into commodities that people want - milk, meat, eggs, wool, etc. In economic terms, livestock production is simply the exploitation of animals for human benefit. Logically, any change in this process which is subject to decision (as opposed to factors outside human control) will only take place if people want it.
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ESPINOZA-ORTEGA, A., E. ESPINOSA-AYALA, J. BASTIDA-LÓPEZ, T. CASTAÑEDA-MARTÍNEZ, and C. M. ARRIAGA-JORDÁN. "SMALL-SCALE DAIRY FARMING IN THE HIGHLANDS OF CENTRAL MEXICO: TECHNICAL, ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL ASPECTS AND THEIR IMPACT ON POVERTY." Experimental Agriculture 43, no. 2 (March 28, 2007): 241–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0014479706004613.
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Small-scale dairy farming has been suggested as a rural development option for Mexican campesino communities. However, there is a lack of information on how dairy farming systems operate. The objective of this paper is to analyse the social, productive and economic characteristics of small-scale dairy production systems in the central highlands in the northwest of the State of Mexico. These three characteristics were analysed on 69 farms using factor and cluster analysis. Five factors accounted for 68% of cumulative variance. Cluster analysis yielded three well-defined groups. A Kruskal–Wallis test was performed on the arable land area and the number of animals, and analysis of variance for milk yield. Economic analysis was undertaken using activity budgets. Results showed the relationships between scale and management methods and their effects on the income for the family. Families in only one of the three groups receive incomes from dairying that were above all Mexican poverty indices. This outcome is explained by the intensification in the management of their herds, which is reflected in higher milk yields, higher incomes and better access to government support schemes. Enhancement of milk production in the area studied needs differential policies which take in to account differences between the groups identified.
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Tomić, Vedran, Dragan Milić, and Dejan Janković. "Economic aspects of milk production and traditional dairy products on agricultural farms in the Republic of Serbia." Ekonomika poljoprivrede 67, no. 3 (2020): 881–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/ekopolj2003881t.
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NOVAC, Cristiana Ștefania, Sanda ANDREI, and Nicodim Iosif FIȚ. "An Overview of Specific Pathogens in Goat Mastitis." Bulletin of University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca. Veterinary Medicine 76, no. 2 (November 25, 2019): 118. http://dx.doi.org/10.15835/buasvmcn-vm:2019.0025.
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Goat milk ranks fourth in terms of global milk production and lately it has become increasingly popular among consumers. Unfortunately, mastitis is one of the most common diseases that affects dairy goats, with serious economic consequences and food safety matters. The prevalence of clinical mastitis is lower than 5% and the main aetiological agent is S. aureus. On the other hand, the prevalence of subclinical mastitis is between 5-30%, with coagulase negative staphylococci (CNS) representing the most often isolated microorganisms.The aim of this paper is to highlight the main aspects regarding the aetiology of goat mastitis, as well as the importance of the milk somatic cell count (MSCC) in the diagnosis process. Although the inflammation of the mammary gland in goats is not as frequently diagnosed compared to cow mastitis, there are several aspects worth discussing in order to fully understand the pathogenesis of intramammary infections.
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Haley, C. S. "Mapping genes for milk and meat quality." Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Science 2001 (2001): 275–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1752756200006335.
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Genetic selection has proved itself to be the most powerful tool available for the improvement of livestock. Over the last 40 years the efficiency of livestock production has been increased radically by the success of animal breeding. Where animal breeders have been successful it has been through the application of relatively simple rules – selection based on traits that can be measured in a repeatable manner and where variation between individuals has both a genetic component and economic relevance. Until recently, this has meant that breeders have focussed on efficiency traits – for example growth rate or milk yield - and in some cases, certain easily measured aspects of quality, such as overall fatness as inferred from ultrasonically measured fat depth. As both the breeding industry and consumers have become more sophisticated, there has been an increasing focus on traits associated with reproduction, welfare and disease and quality. Such traits can be more difficult to improve by selection because heritabilities are low (i.e. only a small amount of variation between animals is genetic in origin, such as for some reproduction and disease associated traits). In addition, such traits may be difficult or expensive to measure (e.g. disease related traits, or quality related traits measured in the laboratory or by sensory panels) and have economic values that are difficult to quantify.
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Străteanu, Amalia-Gianina, and Simona Nicoleta Stan. "New Bio-Scientific Interpretations of the Eco-Economic Zootehnization of the Romanian Performing Agriculture." Annals ”Valahia” University of Targoviste - Agriculture 12, no. 1 (April 1, 2018): 39–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/agr-2018-0007.
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Abstract It is known that in all Western European countries, during the 20th century was initiated, developed, applied and consolidated the bio-scientific principle of agriculture zootehnization, so this trend continues in the first two decades of the 21st century. Based of the official data of EUROSTAT, this article presents the concrete situation of the dynamics of the two main livestock productions, respectively milk and meat, using annual data, namely those published in 2016 and 2017. The authors use new bio-scientific arguments to analyze and interpret the concept of agriculture zootehnization, with unprecedented and documented ighlighting of polyvalent and synergistic aspects, between the effective zootechnical practice of the performing agriculture (on the one hand) and the bioeconomic management of animal husbandry (on the other hand). Thus, the authors report the fact that at 21 611 thousand head dairy cows in the EU (excluding the United Kingdom), is collected a production of 138 511 thousand tonnes milk, with a average milk production of 6 409.29 kg / head, of which in the milk industry (Table 3. with those 14 selected countries), the year is obtained, in thousand tons, 30 087 dairy products (milk for consumption, milk powder, butter and cheese). In the same sense, the authors present and analyze the dynamics of meat production from the farm livestock and they find that the annual values for carcass weight in thousands tons are for bovine 6,885, for pigs 22,522 and for sheep 423, which highlights a real zootechnical, genetic and bio-productive potential. We underline that in two synthesis tables, the authors present the numerical situation of the relations between the European Union and Romania, so in a professional way, through a new bio-scientific argument it is justifiably demonstrated that Romania needs to develop inter-, multi-and transdisciplinary and to apply a real country project for the Carpatho-Danubiano-Pontic autochthon space in its European context.
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Brouk, Micheal J. "110 Managing Feed Efficiency to Improve Dairy Farm Margin." Journal of Animal Science 98, Supplement_3 (November 2, 2020): 20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skaa054.034.
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Abstract Dairy farm margin has continued to be a challenge for the dairy industry. Several years of challenging milk prices with limited relief from high feed costs and increasing production cost have continued to erode the net margin of US dairy farms. As dairy producers continue to operate in a challenging economic environment, discoveries are being made in various farm efficiencies to improve farm margin. Increased management intensity on all aspects of the dairy farm is resulting in the discover of and improvement of many individual efficiency factors. Key areas of economic efficiency include feed, animal reproduction, replacement animals, labor and resource allocation. Often the answer to improved efficiency involves more than just reduced production cost, but also in the improvement of production to reduce the cost per unit of milk produced. Identifying and focusing on the important factors that can improve overall farm efficiency will enable producers to weather the economic challenges. For dairy producers, one of the complications is the biology of the dairy cow and understanding how to utilize the biology correctly for improved efficiency of milk production. Improved efficiency of milk production requires attention to details in many areas of the dairy. Identifying the correct areas of deficiencies, establishing corrective plans of action and then careful evaluation of the impact of changes are all key to the overall success of improving dairy farm margins and efficiencies.
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Mouhous, Azeddine, Farid Djellal, Hocine Guermah, and Si Kadi. "Technical and economic performance of dairy cattle farming in mountain areas in Tizi-Ouzou, Algeria." Biotehnologija u stocarstvu 36, no. 4 (2020): 487–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/bah2004487m.
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The aim of this study is to explore the technical and economic aspects of cattle farms in mountain areas and to identify their technical constraints and potentialities. One hundred dairy cattle farmers were surveyed for seven months. The results show that the average farm size is 13 dairy cows and shows considerable variability at the sample level. For one-third of the farms, stabling is almost permanent and feed concentrate used as supplement (on average 7 kg /cow/day). 85% of the factors of production (useful agricultural area and possession of tractor) are owned by 45% of the breeders. Cow productivity averages is around 10.5 kg / day with two milkings / day. In addition, the average self-consumption of milk is 6 kg / day, which represents 2.8% of milk production. Feed expenses represent 90% of production costs. Annual income range from 99 909 AD / livestock unit (LU) nearly 148 421 AD / livestock unit. This variation is a function of the endowment of production resources. Subsidies for milk production represent 58% of the average income of farmers, what shows the low yield of dairy cattle farms. Today, with the drastic reduction in financial resources, dairy production development policies should focus on strategies to improve cow productivity and profitability in those areas.
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Mouhous, Azeddine, Farid Djellal, Hocine Guermah, and Si Kadi. "Technical and economic performance of dairy cattle farming in mountain areas in Tizi-Ouzou, Algeria." Biotehnologija u stocarstvu 36, no. 4 (2020): 487–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/bah2004487m.
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The aim of this study is to explore the technical and economic aspects of cattle farms in mountain areas and to identify their technical constraints and potentialities. One hundred dairy cattle farmers were surveyed for seven months. The results show that the average farm size is 13 dairy cows and shows considerable variability at the sample level. For one-third of the farms, stabling is almost permanent and feed concentrate used as supplement (on average 7 kg /cow/day). 85% of the factors of production (useful agricultural area and possession of tractor) are owned by 45% of the breeders. Cow productivity averages is around 10.5 kg / day with two milkings / day. In addition, the average self-consumption of milk is 6 kg / day, which represents 2.8% of milk production. Feed expenses represent 90% of production costs. Annual income range from 99 909 AD / livestock unit (LU) nearly 148 421 AD / livestock unit. This variation is a function of the endowment of production resources. Subsidies for milk production represent 58% of the average income of farmers, what shows the low yield of dairy cattle farms. Today, with the drastic reduction in financial resources, dairy production development policies should focus on strategies to improve cow productivity and profitability in those areas.
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Araújo, Bruno Fernando Oliveira, Sybelle Geórgia Mesquita da Silva, João Manoel da Silva, Cícero Cerqueira Cavalcanti Neto, Paula Cibelly Vilela da Silva, Yamina Coentro Montaldo, Jakes Halan de Queiroz Costa, Elizabeth Simões do Amaral Alves, and Tania Marta Carvalho dos Santos. "Microbiological quality and somatic cells of in natura milk produced in Alagoas State, Brazil." Research, Society and Development 9, no. 9 (August 23, 2020): e412997379. http://dx.doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v9i9.7379.
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Raw milk is a food with great consumption and economic value in Brazil. However, is susceptible of contamination by pathogenic bacteria. The aimed of this study was to evaluate the quality of in natura milk based on microbiological in three dairy farms, somatic cells counting (SCC), bacterial counting and his physical-chemical composition. Were made the following microbiological analysis: counting of mesophilic and psychrotrophic bacteria, coliforms at 30 ºC, coliforms at 45 ºC, Staphylococcus spp., Listeria spp., and SCC. The physical-chemical analysis was fat, protein, lactose, total solids, urea, and casein. There was no evidence of Salmonella spp. and Escherichia coli were identified in any samples. In accordance to the microbiological standards established by Normative Instruction 76 only coliforms 30 ºC and 45 ºC counts were above the standards. There was a significant difference (p≤0.05) between the three farms studied regarding most microbiological aspects. Also, was observed difference (p≤0.05) for most of physical-chemical aspects. Overall, the milk produced in the regions of Alagoas State fails to meet just a constant criterion in the current legislation.
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Kopytets, Nataliia, and Volodymyr Voloshyn. "Organizational and economic aspects of functioning of the field of cattle breeding in Ukraine." E3S Web of Conferences 282 (2021): 07015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202128207015.
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The article conducted with a scientific assessment and substantiated organizational and economic aspects of the functioning of the field of cattle breeding. The field of cattle breeding has been traditionally and remains one of the leading ones for Ukraine. The dynamics of livestock, milk production and beef and veal production were analyzed. It was established that the main producers of products of cattle breeding were the economy of the population, which provide more than 70 % of production volumes. The problematic issues of the functioning of the field of cattle were generalized: a reduction in the number of cattle, reducing its productivity, deterioration of production indices and its efficiency, unsatisfactory level of feed base, breeding and tribal work and technological support, insufficient state support, reduction of the level of consumption of products of cattle breeding. It was substantiated that the further functioning of the industry and its efficiency depends on the policy of the government and the motivational mechanism. The important areas for increasing the efficiency of the field of cattle are the concentration of production, including on the basis of co-operation of manufacturers, improvement of feed base and tribal affairs, modernization of logistical support, investment and innovation activity was argued
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Kolosha, Valery. "Certain aspects of evaluation of the level of efficiency of intensification in milk production." Actual problems of innovative economy, no. 4 (June 27, 2019): 63–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.36887/2524-0455-2019-4-11.
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Evaluation of the influence of production intensity in the field of dairy farming on the level of economic efficiency was performed using agricultural enterprises of the Region of Kharkiv and Chernihiv as examples. The enterprises were grouped according to the level of expenses per cow: up to UAH 10,000, UAH 10,000.1 - UAH 15,000, UAH 15,000.1 - 20,000, UAH 20,000.1 - 25,000 and more than UAH 25,000. It was established that production intensity in the field of dairy farming is very closely related with productivity of animals. In order to verify the significance of differences between groups under the parameter of cow productivity, comparison of the means by Student’s t-test was used that confirmed defi-niteness of this difference. Productivity of cows consistently increased from the first to the fifth group. It was determined that in absolute terms the largest difference was between the fourth and fifth groups of enterprises, which amounted to 1685 kg, and in relative terms - between the first and second - 37.0%. The regression model developed on the example of agricultural enterprises at the Region of Chernihiv allowed to determine influence and closeness of relationship between the level of prof-itability of milk production and independent indicators: productivity of cows (milk yield per 1 cow), the size of agricultural land, production cost of 1 quintal of milk and the share of milk in the structure of marketable products. The nonlinear nature of the relationship between the cost per cow and the level of profitability of milk production has been established. Based on the constructed model, it was determined that in the agricultural enterprises of the Region of Chernihiv at the average level of management in 2016 the highest cost efficiency level (16.1%) took place for the expendi-ture of 29174.6 UAH / head. At agricultural enterprises of the Region of Kharkiv, the highest cost efficiency level in 2018 (17.3 %) was reported for the expenditure of UAH 40,241/head. Key words: dairy farming, production performance, production intensity, cost efficiency, non-linear dependence of parameters, correlation model.
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Misiuk, Mykola, and Maryna Zakhodym. "Development of the milk market in the context of ensuring the country's food security." Ekonomika APK 315, no. 1 (January 28, 2021): 34–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.32317/2221-1055.202101034.
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The purpose of the article is to reveal the essence of food security and analyze the development trends of the milk market in terms of providing the population with dairy products. Research methods. In the process of the study, dialectical methods of cognition, a systematic approach to the study of economic phenomena, monographic (with generalized domestic and foreign experience in determining the economic essence of food security), analysis and synthesis (when studying the levels of milk production and the physical and economic accessibility of the population to these products) were used , statistical groupings (when identifying the place of regions in the national volume of dairy production), economic and statistical (when processing mass statistical data), abstract logical (when substantiating theoretical generalizations and drawing conclusions). Research results. The theoretical aspects of food security as an economic category are substantiated, the essence of which is reduced as the ability of the state under various conditions to provide guarantees and meet the needs of the population for food products at a scientifically grounded level of consumption for effective demand. The analysis of the development of the milk market in the context of ensuring food security, in particular of such a segment as the consumption of milk in accordance with the scientifically grounded norm, is carried out and trends in the provision of milk to the regions of Ukraine are determined. Scientific novelty. The analysis of the level of dairy products consumption by the population of the regions of Ukraine made it possible to determine a certain level of imbalances in the production and formation of regional food stocks and to classify the regions of Ukraine by functions in the milk market according to the level of provision with their own production, which made it possible to substantiate the need for interregional exchange of industry products in order to improve the level consumption per capita and strengthening food security. Practical significance. The recommendations of the authors can be used by the Departments of agro-industrial development of regional state administrations in the development of food security programs, taking into account both the development of their own milk production and the exchange between regions. Tabl.: 3. Figs.: 2. Refs.: 24.
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Nascimento, Maria Beatriz Reinert do, and Hugo Issler. "Breastfeeding: making the difference in the development, health and nutrition of term and preterm newborns." Revista do Hospital das Clínicas 58, no. 1 (2003): 49–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0041-87812003000100010.
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Breastfeeding is the natural and safe way of feeding small infants, providing nutritional, immunological, psychological and economic recognized and unquestionable advantages. These qualities are especially important in premature infants, because of their vulnerability. Despite highly desirable, there is, in general, little success in breastfeeding preterm infants, especially in special care neonatal units. There are evidences that a high supportive hospital environment, with an interdisciplinary team, makes possible to these infants to be breastfed. In this article, the authors present an up-to-date review about the components of human milk and its unique characteristics, as well as describes aspects that make the breast milk particularly suitable for feeding the premature newborn.
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DENİZ, ABDÜLKERİM, KEMAL AKSOY, and MERT METİN. "Transition period and subclinical ketosis in dairy cattle: association with milk production, metabolic and reproductive disorders and economic aspects." Medycyna Weterynaryjna 76, no. 07 (2020): 6427–2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.21521/mw.6427.
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Many dairy cows experience a high incidence of health problems during the transition period (TP). The TP is an intermediate stage of various digestive, metabolic and reproductive functions which determine the general health status at the time of calving and during the first weeks postpartum. Negative energy balance due to increased energy demand at parturition and significantly reduced dry matter intake relative to demand is an important determinant. Consequently, substantial lipid mobilization from adipose tissue, increased oxidative stress and impaired immunity are associated with higher incidences of periparturient health problems including ketosis or subclinical ketosis (SCK), which have tremendous economic impact on dairy productivity. SCK is defined as the presence of increased blood ketone bodies (BHBA: betahydroxybutyric acid, acetone, acetoacetic acid) without clinical ketosis signs. Varying blood and milk cut-off values have been reported for BHBA concentrations defining SCK, but the most commonly accepted values are ≥ 1.2 mmol/L and ≥ 200 μmol/L respectively. This underestimated disease can impact dairy cow productivity through decreased milk production in the order of roughly 300 kg/lactation and increases the risk of metabolic and reproductive diseases such as displaced abomasum, retained placenta, metritis, mastitis, prolong oestrus interval and reduces conception rates. SCK also referred to as ‘profit robber or killer’ can cause productivity and economic losses of between $200-290 per dairy cow annually. Options for the control and prevention of SCK include controlled-release monensin capsules, and the injectable combination butaphosphan and cyanocobalamin and oral propylene glycol. SCK is easy to detect in early lactation using cow-side validated BHBA analysers with high specificity and sensitivity.
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Pochwatka, Patrycja, Alina Kowalczyk-Juśko, Piotr Sołowiej, Agnieszka Wawrzyniak, and Jacek Dach. "Biogas Plant Exploitation in a Middle-Sized Dairy Farm in Poland: Energetic and Economic Aspects." Energies 13, no. 22 (November 19, 2020): 6058. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13226058.
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Although cow manure is a valuable natural fertilizer, it is also a source of extreme greenhouse gas emissions, mainly methane. For this reason, this study aims to determine the impact of investments in a biogas plant on the energy and economic aspects of the operation of a dairy farm. A farm with a breeding size of 600 livestock units (LSU) was adopted for the analysis. In order to reach the paper’s aim, the analysis of two different scenarios of dairy farm functioning (conventional–only milk production, and modern–with biogas plant exploitation) was conducted. The analysis showed that the investment in biogas plant operations at a dairy farm and in using cow manure as one of the main substrates is a more profitable scenario compared to traditional dairy farming. Taking into account the actual Polish subsidies for electricity produced by small biogas plants, the scenario with a functioning biogas plant with a capacity of 500 kW brings €332,000/a more profit compared to the conventional scenario, even when taking into account additional costs, including the purchase of straw to ensure a continuous operation of the installation. Besides, in the traditional scenario, building a biogas plant allows for an almost complete reduction of greenhouse gas emissions during manure storage.
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Špička, Jindřich, Tomáš Vintr, Renata Aulová, and Jana Macháčková. "Trade-off between the economic and environmental sustainability in Czech dual farm structure." Agricultural Economics (Zemědělská ekonomika) 66, No. 6 (June 22, 2020): 243–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/390/2019-agricecon.
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Agricultural holdings select goals in various areas when setting their strategic objectives. Economic objectives tend to be viewed as strategic because of the requirement to maximise economic profit for the owners. Since there is significant interaction between agricultural holdings and the environment, it is also important to monitor the environmental aspects of farming. The article seeks to draw on unique multicriteria assessment to compare the compatibility of economic and environmental objectives at 1 189 agricultural holdings in the Czech Republic, broken down by farming specialisation and economic size on the basis of figures from the Farm Accountancy Data Network (FADN). A trade-off between environmental sustainability and economic performance occurs primarily among farming specialisation categories, where we found two extremes – intensive field cropping with high economic performance and low environmental sustainability, and, at the other end of the scale, extensive cattle farming with lower economic performance and high environmental sustainability. Within the farming specialisation categories, however, there was no significant correlation, with the exception of milk production, where the use of soil organic matter, a higher proportion of soil improving crops (for fodder) and greening made a positive contribution to the higher economic performance of farms.
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Kaliyeva, Samal, Francisco Jose Areal, and Yiorgos Gadanakis. "Would Kazakh Citizens Support a Milk Co-Operative System?" Agriculture 11, no. 7 (July 8, 2021): 642. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture11070642.
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We estimate the monetary value of a policy aimed at increasing rural co-operative production in Kazakhstan to increase milk production. We analyse the drivers associated with public support for such policy using the contingent valuation method. The role of individuals’ psychological aspects, based on the reasoned action approach, along with individuals’ views on the country’s past regime (i.e., to the former Soviet Union), their awareness about the governmental policy, their sociodemographic characteristics, and household location on their willingness to pay (WTP) for the policy is analysed using an interval regression model. Additionally, we examine changes in individuals’ WTP before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. The estimated total economic value of the policy is KZT 1335 bn for the length of the program at KZT 267 bn per year, which is approximately half the total program budget, which includes other interventions beyond the creation of production co-operatives. The total economic value of the policy would equal the cost of the whole program after 10 years, indicating public support for this policy amongst Kazakh citizens. Psychological factors, i.e., attitude, perceived social pressure, and perceived behavioural control, and the respondents’ awareness of the policy and views on the Soviet Union regime are associated with their WTP. Sociodemographic factors, namely, age, income, and education, are also statistically significant. Finally, the effect of the shocks of COVID-19 is negatively associated with the respondents’ WTP.
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Khaskheli, Asad Ali. "A review on several important aspects of the camels." Aceh Journal of Animal Science 5, no. 2 (September 21, 2020): 129–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.13170/ajas.5.2.17580.
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The present study was conducted to gather the information regarding habitat, population, management, production and economic analysis of the camels worldwide. The main findings of review showed camel population around 25.89 million worldwide in almost 47 countries. Majority of camel herders were reported un-educated. Researchers further indicated that camels generally are reared under sedentary (50%), transhumant (25%), nomadic (15%) and household (10%) management systems. Age of camel famers ranges from 25 to 50 years. The female ratio markedly remains higher than males and young ones because the females are generally used for milk production. However the males are mostly used to carry the luggage, carrying load pulling cart etc. It was also stated by scientists that camels are mostly allowed for open grazing of natural vagetations. Breeding is practiced by natural method and the camel spend 20 to 30 minutes for matting. The female camels reach at the puberty age in 3-5 years, while male at 3.5 to 5.5 years. The duration of estrus cycle in camels vary from 16 to 22 days. Breeding period of camels remain between November and March. The average hair production of camels is 1.63 kg, average daily milk production 6.40 liter. Male have carrying capacity of 553 kg. In conclusion the husbandry practices of camel farming worldwide are based on old traditional methods, however the scientific farming rarely exits. There is no extension services available for the herders to motivate, educate and aware them modern management practices. Market infrastructure, as per study review, is not well established. Mostly the camel herder sale out their animals to middlemen due to long market distances.
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Selvi, V. Darling. "FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE OF KANYAKUMARI DISTRICT COOPERATIVE MILK PRODUCERS UNION (KDCMPU)." International Journal of Research -GRANTHAALAYAH 4, no. 4SE (April 30, 2016): 29–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.29121/granthaalayah.v4.i4se.2016.2740.
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The co-operative movement in Kanyakumari district has played a significant role in the social and economic development of the district, particularly in rural areas. Dairy co-operative movement in the district has contributed significantly towards the substantial increase in milk production. The main focus of this paper is to highlight the financial performance of Kanyakumari District Cooperative Milk producers Union. For this purpose the researcher used Creditor’s Turnover Ratio, Current Ratio, Dairy, Debt Equity Ratio, Gross Profit Ratio, Net Profit Ratio, Proprietary Ratio, Quick Ratio, Return on Investment, Stock Turnover Ratio, Return on Assets and Return on Investment. The result reveals the fact that the financial performance of Aavin industry in Kanyakumari District is good in all the aspects. As there is wider scope for the production as well as consumption of milk and milk products in the district, efforts can be made to reduce the cost and to maximize the profit to make the milk industry a vibrant and viable one in the district and state.
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Ezzat Alnakip, Mohamed, Marcos Quintela-Baluja, Karola Böhme, Inmaculada Fernández-No, Sonia Caamaño-Antelo, Pillar Calo-Mata, and Jorge Barros-Velázquez. "The Immunology of Mammary Gland of Dairy Ruminants between Healthy and Inflammatory Conditions." Journal of Veterinary Medicine 2014 (November 10, 2014): 1–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/659801.
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The health of dairy animals, particularly the milk-producing mammary glands, is essential to the dairy industry because of the crucial hygienic and economic aspects of ensuring production of high quality milk. Due to its high prevalence, mastitis is considered the most important threat to dairy industry, due to its impacts on animal health and milk production and thus on economic benefits. The MG is protected by several defence mechanisms that prevent microbial penetration and surveillance. However, several factors can attenuate the host immune response (IR), and the possession of various virulence and resistance factors by different mastitis-causing microorganisms greatly limits immune defences and promotes establishment of intramammary infections (IMIs). A comprehensive understanding of MG immunity in both healthy and inflammatory conditions will be an important key to understand the nature of IMIs caused by specific pathogens and greatly contributes to the development of effective control methods and appropriate detection techniques. Consequently, this review aims to provide a detailed overview of antimicrobial defences in the MG under healthy and inflammatory conditions. In this sense, we will focus on pathogen-dependent variations in IRs mounted by the host during IMI and discuss the potential ramifications of these variations.
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Farhangfar, H., H. Naeemipour, and P. Rowlinson. "Genetic analysis of lactation milk yield and age at first calving for Holstein heifers in Khorasan province of Iran." Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Science 2005 (2005): 127. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1752756200010383.
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The main aim of animal breeding programmes is to increase productivity and profitability of farm livestock through genetically improving the economic merit of farm livestock (Smith, 1998). This can be achieved by increasing the mean value of a population for one or several economically important traits by the genetic improvement of the animals in this population. In dairy cow husbandry, many traits of economic importance such as lactation milk yield and reproductive traits have long been of interests for breeders to increase profitability of dairy farms. Age at first calving is economically important because it determines when an animal begins its productive life and therefore could influence the lifetime productivity of an animal. Also, age at first calving can be considered as a measure of heifer fertility performance associated with reproductive efficiency. The main objective of the present research is to analyse genetic aspects of lactation milk yield and age at first calving for Holstein heifers in Khorasan province of Iran.
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ANDREEV, Andrei V. "Developing a regional milk processing market: A competitive aspect." Regional Economics: Theory and Practice 19, no. 7 (July 15, 2021): 1277–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.24891/re.19.7.1277.
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Subject. This article examines the impact of competition in the dairy industry on the formation of the regional milk processing market structure. Objectives. The article aims to analyze the risks and threats to the economic security of the region arising from the creation of competitive advantages by different types of dairy enterprises. The Saratov Oblast is considered as a case study. Methods. For the study, the neoclassical Structure–Conduct–Performance (SCP) paradigm is used, which is explained through the market positioning theory, resource-based view (RBV), and the transaction approach. Results. The article notes that a moderately concentrated structure of the milk processing market has been formed in the Saratov Oblast. There are two leading enterprises that are able to influence not only the less strong local processing factories and producers of raw milk, but also the Oblast's economic security. Conclusions. Leading dairy companies of the region, following industry leaders, are seeking to expand their competitive position in inter-regional markets. The needs of processors in raw milk constantly exceed the production capacity of dairy farming, and market power enables them to displace local processors from the market and contributes to the reduction of the number of market participants in the dairy industry. The consequences of these actions go beyond antitrust policy and relate to the broader regulation of agri-food markets.
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WRZECIŃSKA, Marcjanna, and Ewa CZERNIAWSKA-PIĄTKOWSKA. "SPECIFIC CHARACTERISTIC OF SHEEP’S MILK AND PRO-HEALTH PROPERTIES DEPENDING ON THE SOMATIC CELLS COUNT." Folia Pomeranae Universitatis Technologiae Stetinensis Agricultura, Alimentaria, Piscaria et Zootechnica 356, no. 55 (October 21, 2020): 23–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.21005/aapz2020.55.3.03.
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Sheep milk is a valuable product due to its properties and composition. It is richer in high-quality protein and contains more nutritional value compared to the milk of other ruminants. Raw milk is characterized by a lack of enzymatic activity and a lack of pathogenic microorganisms. Milk also has a high content of minerals. For this reason, sheep's milk is a good raw material for the dairy industry and the production of fermented milk drinks as well as cheese. During lactation, the content of individual milk ingredients and milk yield fluctuate, which translates into the nutritional value of the product. Also, the content of somatic cells in milk is significantly different between the peak and the end of lactation of animals. The increase in cellular elements is a major indicator of mammary gland infection. The cause of mastitis is bacterial infection or mechanical teat damage. Inflammation of the mammary gland is a serious problem for dairy farmers due to the health and economic aspects of this disease, which is the main cause of slaughtering ewes and the fall of many animals, as well as enforcing the cost of healing females, and the obtained milk is utilized. It is estimated that up to 60% of sheep in herds can suffer from asymptomatic mastitis, which is a serious problem for the dairy industry. That is why research is important to analyze the amount of somatic cells in milk.
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Moise, Lavinia. "Observations Regarding the Growth and Exploitation of “Turcana” Breed Sheep on Small and Medium Farms." Annals ”Valahia” University of Targoviste - Agriculture 11, no. 1 (April 1, 2017): 34–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/agr-2017-0007.
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Abstract The exploitation directions in sheep race is determined by the national economic demanding, and the achievement possibilities by the productive potential of the races and also by the system and growth technology, improvement and exploitation of the races. The necessity of combining knowledge which contains a fundamental scientific profile with the applicative knowledge led to an approach of the complex applicative knowledge led to an approach of the complex aspects of the development and modernization of growth and exploitation technologies in import sheep race. Ţurcana continues to be the race that has the highest proportion of about 40% of the total. Milk production, birth weight of lambs, wool production and meat production were analized. Morpho characteristics of the breed Turcan highlights skills towards wool, milk, meat, and leather, which may improve the ability of the existence of a significant variability especially regarding the quantity and quality of milk and wool.
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NOGUEIRA, C. I., L. P. MESQUITA, C. C. ABREU, K. Y. R. NAKAGAKI, J. N. SEIXAS, P. S. BEZERRA, C. M. B. M. ROCHA, A. M. GUIMARAES, A. P. PECONICK, and M. S. VARASCHIN. "Risk factors associated with seroprevalence of Neospora caninum in dogs from urban and rural areas of milk and coffee production in Minas Gerais state, Brazil." Epidemiology and Infection 141, no. 11 (February 18, 2013): 2286–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0950268813000162.
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SUMMARYThis study was conducted to determine the seroprevalence of anti-Neospora caninum antibodies and to investigate the risk factors related to seroprevalence in dogs from urban and rural areas with distinct economic activities (milk and coffee production) in Minas Gerais state, Brazil. For this purpose, blood samples from 703 dogs were collected and questionnaires addressing epidemiological aspects were completed by dog-owners. The sera were analysed for anti-N. caninum antibodies by indirect fluorescent antibody tests (IFAT ⩾ 1:50). Association between epidemiological aspects and seropositivity in dogs was evaluated with multivariate logistic regression models. A total of 80 (11·4%) dogs tested positive for N. caninum. In the multivariate logistic regression models, dogs aged >4 years, dogs used as guard dogs, dogs that spontaneously hunt, and history of bovine abortion were found to be greater risk factors for canine N. caninum infection. When we considered only dogs from rural areas, an association with seroprevalence was seen for milk farms, dogs not fed with commercial food, dogs that hunt, and dogs used as guard dogs.
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Arvidsson Segerkvist, Katarina, Helena Hansson, Ulf Sonesson, and Stefan Gunnarsson. "Research on Environmental, Economic, and Social Sustainability in Dairy Farming: A Systematic Mapping of Current Literature." Sustainability 12, no. 14 (July 8, 2020): 5502. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12145502.
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Dairy cows are able to convert fibrous materials, such as grass, roughage, and by-products from the food industry, into milk and meat, which justifies their role in food production. However, modern dairy farming is associated with major sustainability challenges, including greenhouse gas emissions. In order to develop sustainable future production, it is important to implement existing knowledge and fill knowledge gaps. The aim of this study was to systematically map the scientific literature on environmental, economic, and social sustainability at farm level in dairy farming. Literature published between January 2000 and March 2020 and with the geographical focus on Europe, North America, and Australia–New Zealand was included. In total, the literature search resulted in 169 hits, but after removing duplicates and papers outside the study scope only 35 papers remained. Of these, only 11 dealt with the three dimensions of sustainability, and several of these only mentioned one or two of the dimensions or set them in relation to that/those actually studied. Overall, the selected literature did not clearly explain how aspects of sustainability are interlinked, so possible negative or positive interactions between different aspects of sustainability dimensions remain unidentified.
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Venter, Carina, Kirsi Laitinen, and Berber Vlieg-Boerstra. "Nutritional Aspects in Diagnosis and Management of Food Hypersensitivity—The Dietitians Role." Journal of Allergy 2012 (October 24, 2012): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/269376.
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Many common foods including cow’s milk, hen’s egg, soya, peanut, tree nuts, fish, shellfish, and wheat may cause food allergies. The prevalence of these immune-mediated adverse reactions to foods ranges from 0.5% to 9% in different populations. In simple terms, the cornerstone of managing food allergy is to avoid consumption of foods causing symptoms and to replace them with nutritionally equivalent foods. If poorly managed, food allergy impairs quality of life more than necessary, affects normal growth in children, and causes an additional economic burden to society. Delay in diagnosis may be a further incremental factor. Thus, an increased awareness of the appropriate procedures for both diagnosis and management is of importance. This paper sets out to present principles for taking an allergy-focused diet history as part of the diagnostic work-up of food allergy. A short overview of guidelines and principles for dietary management of food allergy is discussed focusing on the nutritional management of food allergies and the particular role of the dietitian in this process.
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Sedláčková, J., J. Zuska, and J. Příhoda. "Radiation disinfestation of wheat flour leaving the mill: Flour quality and economic aspects." International Journal of Radiation Applications and Instrumentation. Part C. Radiation Physics and Chemistry 28, no. 5-6 (January 1986): 549–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/1359-0197(86)90188-8.
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Başaran, Anıl, Tuncay Yılmaz, Şükrü Taner Azgın, and Can Çivi. "Comparison of drinking milk production with conventional and novel inductive heating in pasteurization in terms of energetic, exergetic, economic and environmental aspects." Journal of Cleaner Production 317 (October 2021): 128280. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2021.128280.
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Sivaramakrishnan, Malathi, and Vidya Kamath. "A typical working-day breakfast among children, adolescents and adults belonging to the middle and upper socio-economic classes in Mumbai, India – challenges and implications for dietary change." Public Health Nutrition 15, no. 11 (May 30, 2012): 2040–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1368980012002777.
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AbstractObjectiveBreakfast has been linked to several aspects of health, yet breakfast skipping is rampant across the globe. Studies in India have focused mostly on children. Hence the present study examined breakfast behaviour across different age and gender groups.DesignCross-sectional sample, purposive sampling. Nutrient intakes of the participants derived from 24 h dietary recall and 3 d breakfast record data were compared with RDA values prescribed by the Indian Council of Medical Research using Student'sttest, withP< 0·05 taken to indicate significance.SettingMumbai, India.SubjectsParticipants (n1027) aged 8 years and above.ResultsNutritional adequacy of the breakfast meal and that of the day's diet were the main outcome measures. Eighty-one per cent of the participants had a nutritionally inadequate breakfast. Intakes of Fe and dietary fibre were notably low. Consumption of just milk or milk plus a milk food-based drink among schoolchildren (49 %) and increased breakfast skipping among adolescents (37 %) were seen.ConclusionsThe study identifies both irregularities and/or nutritional inadequacies with respect to the breakfast meal. Age- and gender-specific challenges in breakfast behaviour need to be addressed. Development of ‘nutrient-dense’ breakfast foods that can be prepared easily, school breakfast programmes and education on the importance of breakfast are the needs of the hour.
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Granados-Chinchilla, Fabio, Mauricio Redondo-Solano, and Daniela Jaikel-Víquez. "Mycotoxin Contamination of Beverages Obtained from Tropical Crops." Beverages 4, no. 4 (November 8, 2018): 83. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/beverages4040083.
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This review is mainly centered on beverages obtained from tropical crops, including tea, nut milk, coffee, cocoa, and those prepared from fruits. After considering the epidemiological data found on the matrices above, the focus was given to recent methodological approaches to assess the most relevant mycotoxins. Aspects such as singularities among the mycotoxin and the beverage in which their were found, and the economic effects and repercussions that the mycotoxin-tainted ingredients have on the beverage industry were pointed out. Finally, the burden of their consumption through beverages, including risk and health effects on humans, was addressed as well.
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Kartashova, Anastasiya, and Emiliya Firsova. "Multipurpose evaluation of the dairy cattle." Agrarian Bulletin of the 201, no. 10 (October 29, 2020): 50–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.32417/1997-4868-2020-201-10-50-56.
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Abstract. The purpose of the investigation was a survey of the modern complex index estimation of dairy cattle in the countries of the European Union and the USA and developing of own principal scheme of multipurpose evaluation of animals due to prior received data of economic useful traits. As a result of the research, significant differences were revealed both between the significance of the groups of traits and between the numbers of evaluated indicators in different countries. This shows the diversity of interests of breeders and farmers. The prior analysis of indicators of economic useful traits of Holstein Kholmogorskiy cattle in the farms of the Murmansk region allowed to determine main directions of animal selection and to develop the algorithm of animal evaluation by complex of economic useful trait indices. The developed algorithm of complex evaluation for dairy cattle includes four evaluation blocks – indices of reproductive ability, longevity, and milk production, and, separately, milk yield. We propose to evaluate reproductive abilities by direct indicators and indirect indicators, for example, take into account exterior traits, and predisposed to abortion and female disorders. The evaluation of longevity includes indices of the exterior, accounted also a predisposition to four main groups of disease – udder disease, female disorders, aborts, lame. The milk productivity evaluation includes traits of the milk quality composition, the property of the lactation curve and characteristics of the udder from the exterior and predispose to udder diseases. In total, it is proposed to calculate the multipurpose evaluation of animals by 23 traits, including all aspects of health and productive features of dairy cattle. The scientific novelty of the research is the use of a mixed model affecting various indicators of productivity and longevity for assessing the main economical useful traits in the developed algorithm. The developed assessment system will allow to comprehensively improve the herd taking into account the current state of dairy cattle breeding in the Murmansk region.
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Lembang, Hendricus, and Sebestina Siman. "POTENSI PENGEMBANGAN BADAN USAHA MILIK KAMPUNGWOGEKEL, DISTRIK ILWAYAB, KABUPATEN MERAUKE." Musamus Journal of Economics Development 1, no. 1 (October 18, 2018): 44–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.35724/feb.v1i1.1229.
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The village has the authority to manage the existing potential for public welfare. So that the village government can form economic institutions, namely Village Owned Enterprises (BUMK). Kampung Wogekel has marine and swamp fisheries resources. The study uses a PRA approach based on community participation with SWOT analysis. The results of this study found: Strength Aspects namely 1). Sufficient labor is available, 2). The productive age potential of coastal communities, 3). Natural resources are very available, 4). Public facilities such as ports, Pertamina logistics, banking institutions, 5). Fishing boats belonging to the village. Weakness aspects are: 1). Weak capital, 2). Fisheries business technology is still simple, 3). Electricity, ice factories and shelters and storage vessels, 4). Limited access to marketing, 5). Community culture that does not have entrepreneurial spirit. Opportunity Aspect: 1). Job opportunities, 2). Natural resources have not been fully utilized, 3). Authority to establish BUMK, 4). Government support. Threat aspects, namely: 1) Low fish prices, 2). Weather and bad season, 3). There is still massive fishing to only take bubbles and also illegal fishing, 4). Central government regulation of the moratorium has not been revoked. So that the potential business sector is a fish shelter business. While alternative businesses are salted fish, coarse salt, nine household basic needs, tubers and crabs.
Keywords: Development, economic institutions, entrepreneurship
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Lundberg, Valeria, Elin Svensson, Maryam Mahmoudkhani, and Erik Axelsson. "Converting a kraft pulp mill into a multi-product biorefinery – Part 2: Economic aspects." Nordic Pulp & Paper Research Journal 28, no. 4 (December 1, 2013): 489–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.3183/npprj-2013-28-04-p489-497.
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ADELL, ISMAEL HERNÁNDEZ, and JOSEP PUJOL-ANDREU. "Economic Growth and Biological Innovation: The Development of the European Dairy Sector, 1865–1940." Rural History 27, no. 2 (September 14, 2016): 187–212. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0956793316000042.
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Abstract:In this article we discuss an aspect of economic growth that has not been the subject of much consideration in economic and agrarian history to date: the effect of biological innovations on farming development between the mid nineteenth century and the 1930s. We have focused on dairy farming for two reasons. Firstly, dairy farming played a relevant economic role in a number of European regions during this period. Secondly, one of its products, liquid milk, was probably the most significant food during the early stages of the European nutrition transition. We present new statistical data for the evolution of dairy farming in different Northern European countries as well as Spain, and evaluate the impact of cattle population and milk yields in each case. We also link milk yields and the availability of fodder, but special attention is paid to the breeds kept and techniques for their improvement. The article shows that cattle improvement played a significant role in Central and Northern Europe from the mid nineteenth century, but that this was not the case in Spain. Improvement through inbreeding was soon discarded in Spain, absorbent crossbreeding failed, and the sector became dependent on foreign imports of bulls and cows, first from Switzerland and later from Holland. By taking these factors into consideration we can better understand why the dairy sector in Mediterranean Europe did not really begin until the late nineteenth century and why it stagnated in the wake of the First World War.