Academic literature on the topic 'Economic aspects of Population density'
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Journal articles on the topic "Economic aspects of Population density"
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Komilova, Nargizakhon. "Socio-Geographical Aspects Of The Culture Of Nature Use Of The Population Of The Fergana Valley." American Journal of Interdisciplinary Innovations and Research 02, no. 11 (November 30, 2020): 91–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.37547/tajiir/volume02issue11-18.
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The growth of the world's population and the accelerated development of economic sectors are causing the expansion of the use of natural resources and an increase in anthropogenic pressure on them. This situation causes social and environmental problems in regions with intensively developed sectors of the economy and high population density.
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Musiał, Wiesław, and Kamila Musiał. "DEANIMALISATION PROCESSES IN THE POLISH CARPATHIANS – PRODUCTION, ECONOMIC AND ECOLOGICAL ASPECTS." Annals of the Polish Association of Agricultural and Agribusiness Economists XXI, no. 4 (November 21, 2019): 331–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0013.5912.
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This paper addresses a current issue regarding the increasing problem of a decreasing cattle population in the Polish Carpathians. The problem exacerbated after 1990, as a result of changes in prices of the means of production and agricultural products. It intensified even further after Poland joined the EU. The decrease in cattle population is observed in all districts in the Carpathians. This article includes a diagnosis of four such districts: two with the highest decrease (Łańcut: -67.0% and Sucha: -52.6%) and two with the smallest decrease in cattle population (Bieszczdy: -8.1% and Wadowice: -11.5%). Expert assessments were used to this end. The article includes a definition and analysis of the deanimalisation process and an indication of the consequences of this process in agriculture, in the local environment and in the broadly understood ecological context. It follows from the research that favourable natural conditions, good for breeding ruminants, largely determine high cattle density but, at the same time, these conditions do not impact the decrease in the cattle population to such an extent. The decrease is related to the low concentration of herds, generational changes and the disappearance of local dairy markets. As a result of progressing deanimalisation, abandoned meadows and pastures, as well as part of arable lands, are being permanently lost. Instead, these lands become overgrown with invasive plant species and shrubbery.
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Andreeva*, I. V., E. I. Shatalova, and A. V. Khodakova. "The diamondback moth Plutella xylostella: ecological and biological aspects, harmfulness, population control." PLANT PROTECTION NEWS 104, no. 1 (April 19, 2021): 28–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.31993/2308-6459-2021-104-1-14947.
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Data on prevalence, biological and physiological characteristics of the diamondback moth Plutella xylostella (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae) are presented. Pest damage is described. Reasons causing increase in harmfulness and economic importance of the insect are noted. An increase in the number of generations able to develop during growing season and earlier pest emergence are recorded under conditions of Siberian region. Factors contributing to the insect density dynamics, including plant species and variety, entomophagous arthropods and entomopathogenic microorganisms, have been considered. Range of chemical insecticides recommended for diamondback moth management in Russian Federation has been indicated. An increase in resistance to chemicals and certain entomopathogens in P. xylostella populations in different regions of the world has been recorded. Possibility of pheromone traps exploitation for efficient pest detection and monitoring has been established. Perspectives of novel efficient and safe means of pest density regulation have been defined.
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Pollnac, Richard B., John W. McManus, A. E. del Rosario, A. A. Banzon, S. G. Vergara, and M. L. G. Gorospe. "Unexpected relationships between coral reef health and socio-economic pressures in the Philippines: reefbase/RAMP applied." Marine and Freshwater Research 51, no. 5 (2000): 529. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf99053.
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The paper analyses variables hypothesized to affect the health of coral reefs. These variables include fishing pressure as measured by fisher density and land-based human activities as indicated by population, relative wealth, waste disposal and aspects of land use. Findings indicating that the healthiest coral reef areas are characterized by higher fisher densities as well as greater increases in population density were, at first, surprising. In retrospect, the results fit perfectly with human ecological theory; where possible, people tend to migrate from resource-poor to resource-rich areas. Any synchronic analyses of the interrelationships between the condition of aresource and associated population size or density will probably be confounded by the dynamics of the populations dependent on the resource. Hence, there is a need to account for this dynamic when researching anthropogenic effects on coral reefs. The findings also indicate that less-healthy reefs are found in areas with a higher percentage of land devoted to permanent crops; this appears to be related to observed high levels of runoff from permanent crops.
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Borisova, Vera, and Michał Bilczak. "Methodological Aspects of the Typology of Regions and Territorial Formations." Olsztyn Economic Journal 15, no. 3 (November 30, 2020): 229–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.31648/oej.6540.
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This paper presents the typology of regions in developed countries. It includes illustrated scientific concepts of describing development of regional territorial systems based on local cores used as the basis for the typology. The article identifies typologies, highlighting reasons behind the attractiveness of individual regions for capital and labour; as well as links among economic operators. Typology methods for European regions are discussed, including typologies associated with transport accessibility, economic specialisation and the functional structure of regions. In most typologies, the basic developmental factors and solutions to practical issues are taken into account. A special role is played by typologies that are associated with economic growth and those that take into consideration a GDP per capita increase; along with the population density factor. Attention is drawn to the use of research on the typology of regions with regards to developmental planning, modelling and strategizing.
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EBELING, W., and A. SCHARNHORST. "DYNAMICS OF ECONOMIC AND TECHNOLOGICAL SEARCH PROCESSES IN COMPLEX ADAPTIVE LANDSCAPES." Advances in Complex Systems 04, no. 01 (March 2001): 71–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219525901000139.
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We investigate the dynamics of economic evolution and technological change as hill-climbing in an adaptive landscape over a continuous characteristics space. A technology/firm is described by a large number of attributes or characteristics representing technology-inherent aspects, financial, organizational and economic features. These parameters span a characteristics space, which is a real Euclidean vector space, in analogy to the phenotype space in biology. Further we define a real-valued multimodal fitness function/functional and a population density over the characteristics space. The evolutionary dynamics including competition and mutations/innovations is modeled by reaction-diffusion equations of Fisher–Eigen or Lotka–Volterra type. We demonstrate the potential of such models, which in certain aspects go beyond the widespread applications of discrete replicator dynamics. Concerning technological change the emergence of technological populations as the result of a search process in an adaptive landscape will be investigated. In particular, the relation between incremental and radical innovations will be considered, especially the apparent paradox of a discrete continuum of technological change. Further, an application of the developed framework to the assessment of firms in the stock market is discussed.
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Krunic, Nikola, Aleksandra Gajic, Danijela Srnic, and Dragutin Tosic. "Spatial aspects of demographic processes in Serbia." Stanovnistvo 56, no. 2 (2018): 23–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/stnv1802023k.
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Changes in the trends, distribution and structures of the population identified through censuses (such as the changes in total population, gender, educational, age and other structures) are crucial for understanding spatial phenomena and processes like urbanization. Numerous urban geography studies researching the development of systems of settlements in former Yugoslavia, which carried on in Serbia, were the foundation for a singular theoretical and methodological framework for researching spatial phenomena and processes focused precisely on the understanding of dynamic changes in the structures of the population and their territorial manifestation. Other than in scientific research, this approach found direct application in spatial and urban planning, when defining the measures directing demographic development, arrangement of urban functions, formation of a system of settlements, planning infrastructure development, etc. More recently, this theoretical and methodological framework was enhanced using GIS technologies, which allow for the integration of spatial and statistical data and provide for a powerful analytical tool. Data integration has spurred new research on the correlation between demographic and spatial phenomena and the mutual relationships and influences between spatial and demographic development. This paper presents an overview of existing research on the mutual influence between population development trends and spatial changes manifest through the fluctuations in the intensity of built-up areas, population density, infrastructure development, etc. A model of population distribution was created by using selected census statistical data and correlating them with phenomena in actual geospace. Emphasis is placed on the significance of using this and similar models in further research on the population?s impact on the environment, directing economic development, protection in emergency situations, and numerous other areas.
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Rivza, Baiba, Maiga Kruzmetra, and Peteris Rivza. "Linear and structural changes in rural space – the positive and problematic aspects (case of Latvia)." Open Agriculture 5, no. 1 (October 20, 2020): 669–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/opag-2020-0068.
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AbstractRural areas as a space have many features in common: land as a significant resource for economic activity, forests as a natural kind of climate-friendly environment, a low population density, etc. At the same time, the natural resources of rural areas tend to be exploited in a different way, which is determined by the different activities of the population of a particular territorial unit about the exploitation of the natural resources. By employing cluster analysis, an analysis of 110 administrative-territorial units forming the space outside cities of national significance allowed identifying the geographical locations of the least economically developed territorial units and the most specific socio-economic characteristics of the units. Geographically, the territorial units were spread across all the planning regions in Latvia, while business and entrepreneurship there focused on the use of natural resources, i.e. agriculture, forestry and fisheries. The trend has been observed since 2009 and requires seeking innovative ideas for changing the situation, one of which could be the expansion of the e-environment and e-commerce in these areas as well as the establishment of a cooperation network for home producers.
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Zhong, Zhenfang. "Factors Influencing Regional Economic Vitality Based on Regression Analysis." E3S Web of Conferences 214 (2020): 02021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202021402021.
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The urban economic vitality refers to capacity and potential of urban economic development. At present, Chinese cities are in a period of rapid growth, the vitality of urban economy has become a driving force for attracting talents, urban construction and sustainable regional development. Based on multiple stepwise regressions, this paper quantitatively analyzes the current regional economic vitality and future development from different regions and different perspectives. This paper models and analyzes the economic vitality of different provinces of China from six aspects: population change, corporate development vitality, regional development, regional environment, industry development, and income level. The results show the increase of urban population and population density is conducive to the enhancement of regional economic vitality, and the absorption of enterprises can drive the regional economic growth. We use propensity score matching to calculate the change of the growth rate of the number of enterprises after the implementation of the policy, and analyze the short-term and long-term effects of changes in economic policy factors on regional economic vitality. This paper quantifies the key factors affecting the survival of urban enterprises, and provides theoretical support for promoting urban economic vitality. Finally, we tested the model, verified the rationality of the results, and extended the scope of application of the model, which has certain reference value in practical applications.
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Vishnevsky, Denis. "TERRITORIAL AND SPATIAL ORGANIZATION: WORLD EXPERIENCE AND TRENDS." Urban development and spatial planning, no. 77 (May 24, 2021): 73–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.32347/2076-815x.2021.77.73-86.
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The article analyzes the current trends in urban development systems. As a result of identifying the main problems of urban development, groups of issues were formed, in particular, economic, social, environmental, social, psychological and technological aspects. Each of these blocks significantly affects the comfortable living of the population of large cities, as well as affects the sustainable development of territories. Problems of overpopulation, which create new socio-economic challenges and increase man-made impact on ecosystems, are the main problems of development of areas that have become the cause of other problematic aspects. The article analyzes the demographic processes of different regions of the world and their impact on the formation of megacities. It is determined that the largest cities in the world are formed in countries with the largest population and high population density. An analysis of the largest cities in the world by population, location and population density is given. according to the conducted analysis the preconditions defining tendencies of development of megacities are formed. In accordance with these prerequisites, a projection of the development of megacities by regions of the world depending on the current situation, factors influencing the development of urban systems and analysts' forecasts. According to these forecasts, urban trends in different regions of the world are analyzed. The map of the largest megacities of the world on the basis of which their territorial zoning is carried out is presented. The results of the study can be used to determine the prospects for the development of urban systems, finding ways for further urban development in the face of new challenges.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Economic aspects of Population density"
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Lawgali, Fathia. "Economic aspects of population growth and water consumption in Libya." Thesis, Abertay University, 2009. https://rke.abertay.ac.uk/en/studentTheses/db1d8052-382b-490d-88b1-8377a5bb10f4.
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Large increases in water demand with very little recharge have strained Libya’s groundwater resources, resulting in serious declines in water levels and quality, especially along the Mediterranean coast where most of the agricultural, domestic and industrial activities are concentrated. To meet these increases, Libya turned to desalination as a supplementary water resource as early as 1964. Both thermal and membrane desalination technologies have been used. This study shows that the problem of water scarcity is likely to increase further in the future. This study has three aims: first, to estimate the historical relationship between population growth and the various uses of water; second, to forecast water consumption according to the various uses; third, to estimate the elasticities of water demand and examine the effect of price, income, population and temperature on water demand in Libya in the short and long-run. To achieve these aims, an econometric model of Libyan water demand is constructed and estimated for the period 1975-2005, using the Box-Jenkins approach to forecast water demand and the Engle-Granger two-step approach to estimate the short and long-run elasticities of water demand. As a result this study provides considerable information for policy makers concerning current and future Libyan water demand. By examining the relationships between population growth and the future consumption of water in Libya, it is possible to reach the following conclusions. • Population growth in Libya will be very high. • Population elasticities for water demand are elastic for agricultural, domestic and industrial purposes. Water demand for all purposes is extremely elastic. • Most of the population and agricultural lands are concentrated in the northern part of the country. • The Libyan economy depends heavily on underground water. • In Libya, as a whole, water demand will increase. Available water in 2020 will be less than half of water demands, implying an increase in the water scarcity problem over time. • The short and long-run price elasticties are negative, suggesting that there is an inverse relationship between water demands and price. Also, these elasticities indicate that water use is generally inelastic with respect to price. • The income elasticities are all positive in the short and long-run. This result accords with demand theory, implying that water is a normal good. • The estimation results suggest that, in the long-run, water demand for agricultural, domestic and industrial use is highly elastic for population and inelastic for price and income. • The short-run elasticities are less than the long-run elasticities, as economic theory suggests. Also, all elasticities in the short-run are less than one. This implies that water demand is inelastic in the short-run.
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Cheng, Hon-ting, and 鄭瀚婷. "Understanding rail-based transit-oriented development: the dynamics of metro systems, population and incomegrowth." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2010. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B45865887.
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Farouk, Abdelhalim E. El. "Internal migration in the Sudan : some demographic and socio-economic aspects." Thesis, Durham University, 1991. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/6171/.
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The outstanding characteristics of the population geography of the Sudan are seen in its vastness of the area, its low population density, its high population fertility, decreasing mortality rates and uneven distribution of developmental projects among its regions. All these have important effects upon the economic and de mographic characteristics of its population. They also underline the uneven distribution of the country's population, as a result of which large-scale migration movements occur. Three types of population movements in the Sudan are discussed; inter-provincial movements, rural-urban migration and seasonal migration for cotton picking in the Gezira scheme. In the discussion of the first type, the analysis covers issues related to the general levels of movements amongst the 18 provinces of the country, rates of in- and out-migration in each province and their net migration balances. Also, it discusses the spatial structure of the movement, and some gaining and losing provinces are singled out. The impacts of the movements and their selective nature are also revealed. Rural-urban migration to the capital city of Khartoum is studied using the 1983 census data, other published data and the author's 1988/89 survey of migrant households in the city. The scale of the migration and the characteristics of the migrants are analyzed. Additionally, the structure of the migrant households, literacy, occupation contrasts and links with the village are investigated. The reasons behind the migration decision and the reward of the rural-urban migration are also shown. Seasonal migration is discussed to disclose the nature of the movement and its patterns which are associated with the cotton picking operation in the Gezira scheme. The types of labour involved and labour market conditions are also investigated. The findings verified the seasonality of the movement to the scheme and the consistent relationship between migrants and tenants in the scheme.
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Elgaard, Emil. "The impact of demographic transition and aging on economic growth : a comparative study of Japan and China." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10722/211027.
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China is growing old before it is growing affluent. This situation is not unique to China; at least three other countries are in the same situation. While some of these had family planning campaigns, none had a one-child policy which implies that one-child policy is not the direct cause of this predicament.
While China’s working-age share of the population has peaked, any shortages of low-skill labor currently observed in China are primarily caused by the hukou system and its barriers to labor mobility. A reform of the hukou system would secure ample supplies of migrant labor even in the face of mildly declining working-age share of the population. The absence of reforms could mean the arrival of a policy-induced Lewis Turning Point, prompting a premature and potentially counterproductive reorientation of industry. China does not yet possess an advantage in capital and technology intensive production and thus risks falling into the middle-income trap if the reorientation of industry takes place too early. If the Lewis Point can be postponed and the current rate of capital stock growth can be maintained for another decade or two, China might be able to avoid the middle-income trap.
Both China’s and Japan’s current pension systems are unsustainable and their PAYGO nature is detrimental to long-run economic growth, especially so for aging societies. It is possible for China to make the system sustainable in the long if reforms are implemented while the transition costs are manageable. Although China is aging, the pace will be relatively slow until 2030. It will still take many years before the country is as old as Japan is a present. A low debt-to-GDP ratio also offers China more flexibility than Japan currently enjoys.published_or_final_version
China Development Studies
Master
Master of Arts in China Development Studies
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Boyer, Nicole Renée Soldner. "Economic evaluation of population health interventions aimed at children and delivered at school." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2018. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/9012/.
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Background: Population health interventions by their nature affect an entire population and are typically delivered outwith of health services and within the community, such as in schools. An example of such interventions are those that aim to improve children’s social and emotional wellbeing, which have demonstrated effectiveness in the short-term and potentially the long-term. However, challenges arise when conducting economic evaluations of population health interventions, most notably the difficulties of identifying, measuring, and valuing broader intersectoral costs, health, and non-health outcomes. Economic evaluation in an education context is relatively novel, but could provide decision-makers with information to help them make transparent and consistent decisions about how to allocate limited funds. This thesis examined the role for economic evaluation in school-based interventions and sought to determine appropriate methods for its implementation in addition to examining appropriate child-focused outcome measures. Thus, the overarching research question asked, ‘How should the cost-effectiveness of school-based, population health interventions aimed at children be determined?’ Methods: A mixed methods approach to this thesis was used: (i) a systematic literature review and narrative synthesis to determine which evaluation methods (economic and non-economic) are currently being used in school-based population health interventions; (ii) a case study to illustrate an economic evaluation (including cost-utility and cost-effectiveness analysis) of a school-based intervention to reflect on the advantages and disadvantages for decision making in this context; and (iii) an exploration of outcome measures (through mapping validation) for valuing child health and social and emotional wellbeing in school-based programmes to support future evaluation work in this context. Data for the economic evaluation and mapping validation study were available from a cluster randomised controlled trial of the Roots of Empathy programme in Northern Ireland (Ref: 10/3006/02). Results: The systematic review found that the methods currently being utilised to evaluate school programmes are varied (including economic evaluation, cost only, and effectiveness only studies), with poor quality reporting for the economic evaluations. Of the few cost-utility analyses in school-based settings identified, none had directly measured health-related quality of life using child measures or values. The case study cost-utility analysis using Child Health Utility 9D of a school-based intervention was found to be cost-effective from the National Health Service perspective with an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio of £11,000 per quality-adjusted life year (confidence interval: -£95,500 to £147,000), however the wide confidence interval demonstrates considerable uncertainty. This uncertainty is likely due to a lack of statistically significant effect that remained at the 36-month follow-up. Cost-effectiveness analysis using child behavioural descriptive measure, the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire, resulted in an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio of £197 per unit decrease in total difficulties score (confidence interval: £77 to £471). The Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire is suitable for measuring social and emotional wellbeing, but is less advantageous for cost-effectiveness decision-making as no consensus has been reached as to what a clinically meaningful change in score represents, nor has a cost-effectiveness threshold been defined. It remains uncertain how these cost-effectiveness results will be interpreted in an education decision-making context where cost-effectiveness thresholds have not been set up. The mapping validation study validated a mapping algorithm to convert the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire into child health utility. Using this algorithm provides an option for valuing incremental changes in health-related quality of life against a generally accepted cost-effectiveness threshold from a health service perspective. Conclusions: Given the findings from the various aspects of work undertaken for this thesis to address population health issues, this thesis identified cost-benefit analysis as currently the most comprehensive method for determining the value for money of school-based public health interventions. Cost-benefit analysis incorporates monetary valuation of multisector outcomes in a final net benefit/loss result allowing clear, consistent, decision-making criteria to be set. Other methods such as cost-consequence analysis, cost-utility analysis, and multi-criteria decision analysis may also be suitable depending on the decision-making context and problem. This thesis demonstrates a lack of clear decision-making criteria in place for funding allocation decisions in education (e.g. education specific cost-effectiveness thresholds). Furthermore, there is no equitable method currently in place for apportioning the cost of funding public health interventions that generate benefits for multiple sectors. From a health service perspective, directly measuring child health utility using the Child Health Utility 9D is preferred as it is the only preference-based measure developed specifically for children and valued by young people. Mean child health utility can be predicted by mapping from the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire. This affords the opportunity to estimate longer-term utility by utilising long-term cohort data that routinely collects the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire, as long-term cost-effectiveness of school-based preventive programmes is an area in need of further research. The school setting plays an important role in shaping our young people’s futures. Economic evaluation of school-based population health interventions is justified, as schools need to maximise their existing resources in order to give children the best start in life.
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Aguirre, sanchez Andrea carolina. "Urban crime in Ecuador : three essays on the role of economic inequalities, population density and emotions." Thesis, Lyon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LYSES051/document.
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L’Amérique Latine et les Caraïbes sont l’une des régions plus violentes du monde. Le niveau de violence est particulièrement élevé dans les plus grandes villes de cette région (UNODC, 2013). La compréhension des déterminants de la criminalité urbaine est donc un défi majeur pour ces pays. Cette thèse a pour but d’explorer le rôle de trois déterminants de la criminalité en Équateur: les inégalités économiques, la taille des villes et le role des émotions liés aux évènements sportifs tels que les matchs de football.Avant d’entreprendre cette analyse empirique, nous proposons une revue des littératures théorique et empirique sur les déterminants de la criminalité urbaine. Une conclusion importante est que les incitations économiques conduisant à des activités criminelles sont influencées par les schémas de localisation des criminels et des victimes. Partant de ce constat, la thèse propose d’entreprendre trois analyses empiriques à différentes échelles géographiques. Tout d’abord, nous explorons l'effet des inégalités de revenus sur le risque de victimisation en Équateur, en utilisant des données individuelles issues de l’enquête nationale de victimisation. Le principal résultat est que, contrairement aux prédictions, le coefficient de Gini a un effet négatif sur la probabilité d’être victime de vols. Ce résultat pourrait être lié à une ségrégation résidentielle élevée ou à un contrôle social élevé contre la criminalité. De plus, les estimations révèlent une relation croissante et concave entre le niveau de revenu des victimes et la probabilité de victimisation concernant les vols de véhicule, qui augmente avec un revenu mensuel jusqu’à 5,100 dollars, et puis diminue.Ensuite, nous testons l'existence d'une prime de criminalité urbaine (criminalité plus élevée dans les zones urbaines) en Équateur, à l’échelle des paroisses. Le principal résultat indique que la taille des villes a une influence non-monotone sur le taux d’homicide. La probabilité de constater un ou plusieurs homicides est plus élevée dans les paroisses les plus peuplées. Toutefois, le taux d’homicide diminue avec le niveau de population dans les paroisses où se produisent des homicides. Concernant les crimes contre la propriété, les résultats confirment l’influence positive de la population sur le nombre de crime par habitant. Enfin, nous estimons l’impact des matchs de football sur le nombre d'homicides et de crimes contre la propriété dans 16 cantons d’Équateur, à l’échelle intra-urbaine. L’objectif est d’étudier l’influence des matchs de football sur les profils temporels et géographiques des crimes, ainsi que l’impact des émotions (frustration et euphorie) liées aux résultats des matchs sur la criminalité. Les résultats indiquent que le nombre d'homicides augmente 0.18% avant le match, tandis que le nombre de crimes contre la propriété augmente 12% après le match, à proximité du stade. Les matchs de football entraînent également une diffusion spatiale de la criminalité dans des quartiers éloignés des stades. Les jours de matchs, les crimes contre la propriété diminuent 0.88% avant le match et les homicides diminuent 0.05% pendant le match, dans les quartiers éloignés des stades. Après le match, les homicides et les crimes contre la propriété augmentent de manière significative dans les quartiers éloignés des stades. Enfin, l'effet des émotions sur les homicides et les crimes contre la propriété n'est pas significatif au niveau agrégé, alors qu’il est significatif en ce qui concerne les homicides commis dans la capitale de l'Équateur, QuitoLatin America and the Caribbean (LAC) is one of the most violent regions in the world. Importantly, higher levels of violence prevail in most urbanized LAC cities (UNODC, 2013). Understanding the determinants of urban crime is therefore a major challenge for those countries. The purpose of this dissertation is to explore the role of three crime determinants in Ecuador: economic inequalities, city size, and the emotions caused by soccer events.Before conducting this empirical analysis, we first review the theoretical and empirical literature on urban crime determinants. An important conclusion is that economic incentives that lead individuals to commit crime are influenced by the location pattern of criminals and victims. Building on these considerations, we perform three empirical analyses at different geographic levels.First, we explore the effect of income inequality on victimization in Ecuador, using data at the individual level thanks to the Ecuadorian Victimization survey. The main result is that, contrary to the predictions, the Gini coefficient has a negative effect on victimization by robbery. This result could be related to a high residential segregation or a high social control against crime. In addition, we provide evidence for an increasing and concave relationship between the income level of victims and the probability of victimization by vehicle theft, which first increases with a monthly household income up to $5,100, and then falls.Second, we test the existence of an urban crime premium (higher crime in urban areas) in Ecuador, at the parish level. Our main result is that population exerts a non-linear influence on the homicide rate. The probability that a homicide happens is higher in larger parishes. However, the homicide rate decreases with population in parishes with positive homicides. By contrast, the results regarding property crimes confirm that the level of population increases the number of pecuniary crimes per inhabitant.Third, we explore the effect of soccer matches on the number of homicides and property crimes in 16 cantons of Ecuador, at the intra-city level. The aim is to test whether soccer matches alter the temporal and spatial patterns of crime, and the role of emotions (frustration and euphoria) resulting from soccer matches on crime. Results reveal that the number of homicides increases by 0.18% before the match whereas the number of property crimes increases by 12% after the match, near the stadium. Soccer matches also cause spatial spillovers of crime in locations distant from stadiums. On game days, the number of property crimes falls by 0.88% before the match and the number of homicides falls by 0.05% during the match, in these distant locations. After the game, the homicides and property crimes significantly increase in locations distant from stadiums. Finally, the effect of emotions on homicides or property crimes is not significant at the aggregate level but it is significant regarding homicides that occur in the capital of Ecuador, Quito
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Li, Siu-ping, and 李小冰. "Crimes and high-density urban living: an empirical study." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2008. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B40887716.
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Wang, Xiao. "Langevin, population density and moment-based modeling of local and global aspects of intercellular calcium signaling." W&M ScholarWorks, 2015. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539624005.
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Markov chain models of the coupled gating of intracellular calcium (Ca 2+) channels are often used to study the stochastic dynamic of local Ca2+ release events and whole cell Ca2+ homeostasis. However, the runtime of the Markov chain description of Ca2+ channel gating is exponential in the number of Ca2+ channel states and may thus result in a combinatorial state space explosion when the number of channel states is large. This dissertation presents several novel stochastic modeling approaches that capture important aspects of Ca 2+ signaling while improving computational efficiency. This dissertation presents several novel stochastic modeling approaches that capture important aspects of calcium Ca2+ signaling. First, we present a Ca 2+ release site modeling approach based on a Langevin description of stochastic Ca2+ release. This Langevin model facilitates our investigation of correlations between successive puff/spark amplitudes, durations and inter-spark intervals, and how such puff/spark statistics depend on the number of channels per release site and the kinetics of Ca2+ -mediated inactivation of open channels. Second, we show that when the Ca2+ channel model is minimal, Langevin equations in a whole cell model involving a large number of release sites may be replaced by a single Fokker-Planck equation. This yields an extremely compact and efficient local/global whole cell model that reproduces and helps interpret recent experiments investigating Ca2+ homeostasis in permeabilized ventricular myocytes. Last but not least, we present a population density and moment-based approach to modeling L-type Ca2+ channels. Our approaches account for the effect of heterogeneity of local Ca2+ signals on whole cell Ca currents. Moreover, they facilitate the study of domain Ca-mediated inactivation of L-type Ca channels.
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Ng, Hung-fai, and 吳鴻輝. "Population and building densities: a probit analysis of the Town Planning Board's decisions." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2009. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B42841860.
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Wong, Ming-sum, and 黃明沁. "Socio-economic determinants of breastfeeding rates in Hong Kong: evidence from a population-based childhealth survey." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2010. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B45174623.
Full textBooks on the topic "Economic aspects of Population density"
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Debenham, James. Deriving supply-side variables to extend geodemographic classification. Leeds: University of Leeds, School of Geography, 2001.
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Zhongguo ren kou fen bu yu tu di ya li. Beijing Shi: Zhongguo nong ye ke xue ji shu chu ban she, 2008.
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Zhongguo ren kou fen bu yu tu di ya li. Beijing Shi: Zhongguo nong ye ke xue ji shu chu ban she, 2008.
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Le poids du nombre: L'obsession du surpeuplement dans l'histoire. [Paris]: Perrin, 2011.
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Zucker, Lynne G. Fundamentals or population dynamics and the geographic distribution of U.S. biotechnology enterprises, 1976-1989. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, 1998.
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Cohen, Joel E. How Many People Can the Earth Support? New York: W.W. Norton & Company, Inc., 1996.
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Henderson, J. Vernon. The effects of urban concentration on economic growth. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, 2000.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Economic aspects of Population density"
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Shaw, Shih-Lung. "Urban Human Dynamics." In Urban Informatics, 41–57. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-8983-6_5.
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AbstractUrban areas are places where people concentrate in a relatively high density built environment to carry out a wide range of activities. Each urban area should provide adequate infrastructure and services to support the needs of its population. Since various resources, services, and facilities are at different locations, urban areas manifest a complex system of flows of people, goods, and information to support the economic, social, cultural, and political systems in human society. These activities, flows, and systems are driven by various processes and exhibit various spatiotemporal patterns that are the outcomes of human dynamics. However, how we investigate the various dynamic processes and complex systems in urban areas has been and continues to be a challenging research topic. Urban human dynamics cover multiple aspects and can be studied from different perspectives. This chapter discusses urban dynamics and human dynamics in terms of their respective approaches and methods, along with some selected examples. It then connects urban human dynamics research with urban informatics to highlight their relationships and how together they could lead to urban areas that can better serve human needs and improve the quality of life.
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Brunet-Jailly, Joseph. "Economic and Ethical Aspects of Controlling Infectious Diseases." In HIV, Resurgent Infections and Population Change in Africa, 101–19. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-6174-5_6.
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Mo, Fan, Shuping Yi, and Jia Zhou. "Effect of Icon Amount and Visual Density on Usability of Smartwatches." In Human Aspects of IT for the Aged Population. Design for Aging, 466–77. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-39943-0_45.
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Samuels, Louisa, Elaine Harkness, Susan M. Astley, Anthony Maxwell, Jamie Sergeant, Julie Morris, Mary Wilson, et al. "The Relationship of Volumetric Breast Density to Socio-Economic Status in a Screening Population." In Breast Imaging, 273–81. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-07887-8_39.
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Keohane, Susann M., Scott N. Gerard, Aliza Heching, Sam S. Adams, and Peri Tarr. "Reflections on the Effectiveness of a High Density Ambient Sensor Deployment for Monitoring Healthy Aging." In Human Aspects of IT for the Aged Population. Applications in Health, Assistance, and Entertainment, 315–33. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-92037-5_24.
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Ng, Mee Kam, Yuk Tai Lau, Huiwei Chen, and Sylvia He. "Dual Land Regime, Income Inequalities and Multifaceted Socio-Economic and Spatial Segregation in Hong Kong." In The Urban Book Series, 113–33. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-64569-4_6.
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AbstractHong Kong has a dual land regime in the urban and rural territories. The urban areas on both sides of Victoria Harbour (8.8% of land, excluding Country Parks on Hong Kong Island) and new towns (about 15.3% of land) house over 90% of the city’s population (about 7.5 million) with an extremely high population density of about 26,000 per km2. After deducting Country Parks and Special Areas (about 40% of land), the rest of the rural New Territories (traditional settlements leased by the British Government in 1898 for 99 years) constitutes about 35% of land, but houses 5.5% of all residents with a substantially lower population density of about 1,000 per km2. China’s Open Door Policy since 1978 has led to economic restructuring in Hong Kong, changing its occupational structure, intensifying income inequality, and leading to socio-economic and spatial segregation. Whilst the affluent classes continue to concentrate in traditionally central locations in urban areas, or in luxurious residential enclaves in rural New Territories, the less well-off tend to be marginalised and live in remote new towns or rural New Territories. The latter is also a result of a skewed power relationship between the government and the property sector in directing spatial development that breeds a hegemonic (dis)course and regime of urban-biased and property-dominant development, sustaining the government’s coffer through a high land price policy.
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Pfister, Ulrich. "Economic inequality in Germany, 1500-1800." In Disuguaglianza economica nelle società preindustriali: cause ed effetti / Economic inequality in pre-industrial societies: causes and effect, 301–24. Florence: Firenze University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/978-88-5518-053-5.20.
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The chapter reviews existing evidence regarding four aspects of economic inequality: relative factor rents, which relate to the factorial distribution of income and also underlie the so-called Williamson index (y/wus), which is correlated with the Gini index of household income; real inequality in terms of opposite movements of the price of consumer baskets consumed by different strata of society; the inequality of pay according to gender and skill, as well as between town and countryside; and wealth inequality, particularly with respect to the access to land. The main result is that, with given technology and agrarian institutions, there is a positive correlation between population and inequality.
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Rizzolli, Helmut, and Federico Pigozzo. "Economic and Social Aspects of the Trade of Luxury Goods between Africa and Europe: Ostrich Feather." In Atti delle «Settimane di Studi» e altri Convegni, 507–17. Florence: Firenze University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/978-88-6453-857-0.26.
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In Europe, in the Middle Ages, ostrich feathers were used for the decoration of military headgear, as a representation of the high lineage of the possessor and his military virtues. They were imported from the coasts of West Africa, from Egypt and Syria into Italian and Spanish ports and from there exported to England and continental Europe. Venice, at the end of the fourteenth century, began to color feathers and soon the new fashion was spread throughout Europe. During the fifteenth century, even women began to use ostrich feathers on their hats or in their fans. When European ships reached America, Central Africa and the islands of the Indian Ocean, a huge amount of exotic bird feathers became available and ostrich feather fad spread through the population.
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Ouma, Paul, Peter M. Macharia, Emelda Okiro, and Victor Alegana. "Methods of Measuring Spatial Accessibility to Health Care in Uganda." In Practicing Health Geography, 77–90. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-63471-1_6.
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AbstractEnsuring everyone has access to health care regardless of demographic, geographic and social economic status is a key component of universal health coverage. In sub-Saharan Africa, where populations are often sparsely distributed and services scarcely available, reducing distances or travel time to facilities is key in ensuring access to health care. This chapter traces the key concepts in measuring spatial accessibility by reviewing six methods—Provider-to-population ratio, Euclidean distance, gravity models, kernel density, network analysis and cost distance analysis—that can be used to model spatial accessibility. The advantages and disadvantages of using each of these models are also laid out, with the aim of choosing a model that can be used to capture spatial access. Using an example from Uganda, a cost distance analysis is used to model travel time to the nearest primary health care facility. The model adjusts for differences in land use, weather patterns and elevation while also excluding barriers such as water bodies and protected areas in the analysis. Results show that the proportion of population within 1-h travel times for the 13 regions in the country varies from 64.6% to 96.7% in the dry period and from 61.1% to 96.3% in the wet period. The model proposed can thus be used to highlight disparities in spatial accessibility, but as we demonstrate, care needs to be taken in accurate assembly of data and interpreting results in the context of the limitations.
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Hess, Daniel Baldwin, and Alex Bitterman. "Who Are the People in Your Gayborhood? Understanding Population Change and Cultural Shifts in LGBTQ+ Neighborhoods." In The Life and Afterlife of Gay Neighborhoods, 3–39. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-66073-4_1.
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AbstractGay neighborhoods, like all neighborhoods, are in a state of continual change. The relevance of gay neighborhoods—originally formed to promote segregation of individuals who identify as sexual minorities—is lately challenged by advances in technology, experiences with pandemics, shifts in generational opinion and social values, increasing acceptance of LGBTQ+ individuals, and (in certain places) increased rights and protections for LGBTQ+ individuals. This confluence of change has created for many people anxiety related to the belief that gay neighborhoods may be dissolving or even disappearing altogether. Seeking to address these concerns, this opening chapter of the book The Life and Afterlife of Gay Neighborhoods: Renaissance and Resurgence presents eight important takeaway messages distilled from the chapters in this volume that, taken together, provide an in-depth overview of the formation, maturation, current challenges, and future prospects of LGBTQ+ spaces in urban environments. Findings suggest that shifts in patterns of residence, socialization, and entertainment for LGBTQ+ residents and visitors across metropolitan space have resulted in certain gay neighborhoods becoming less gay while other neighborhoods become more gay. In this time of social change, economic inequities, public health crises, and technological evolution, gay neighborhoods provide a culturally and historically significant template for communities in confronting adversity, fear, and discrimination. At this point in their maturity, gay neighborhoods have reached a plateau in their evolution; from here we pause to consider the current state of gay neighborhoods—and trajectories that might describe their future form—as we contemplate the importance of gay neighborhoods in the ongoing advancement of LGBTQ+ people everywhere. We conclude by observing that while gayborhoods have experienced a certain level of de-gaying, the trend toward viewing gayborhoods as inclusive and gay-friendly places de-emphasizes the self-segregation aspects of gayborhoods that were important to their initial formation; consequently, while gay neighborhoods may become less gay, other neighborhoods may also become more gay.
Conference papers on the topic "Economic aspects of Population density"
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Počuča, Milan, and Jelena Matijašević. "THE IMPORTANCE OF RURAL AREAS IN THE CREATION OF TOURISM OFFERS DUE TO COVID-19 EXPANSION." In The Sixth International Scientific Conference - TOURISM CHALLENGES AMID COVID-19, Thematic Proceedings. FACULTY OF HOTEL MANAGEMENT AND TOURISM IN VRNJAČKA BANJA UNIVERSITY OF KRAGUJEVAC, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.52370/tisc21350mp.
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The Covid-19 virus pandemic has so far affected all aspects of human life and activity around the planet in an extremely invasive way. What has significantly attracted the attention of the general public is the impact of Covid-19 on the tourism sector, which, last year, suffered daily immeasurable losses. During the crisis caused by the Covid-19 pandemic, areas with relatively low population density came to the forefront in the domain of creating a tourism offer. In times of crisis, rural areas with open, unpolluted spaces, such as protected natural areas, become very attractive and sought after. Bearing in mind that, rural areas are those parts of the territory that has a relatively low population density, but may also have certain characteristics in terms of natural, geographical, and climate specifics, also in terms of the economy, etc. The research part of this paper will deal with the ratio of tourist arrivals and overnight stays, and indexes of tourist demand in 2020 in comparison to 2019, as well as the analysis of the frequency of visitation of tourist spots in Serbia.
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Costa, Fabiene Cristina Carvalho, and Carlos David Nassi. "Urban mobility, socioeconomic and urban transport variables in metropolitan areas in three continents." In CIT2016. Congreso de Ingeniería del Transporte. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica València, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/cit2016.2016.3763.
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Transportation is the soul of urban cities. Find sustainable ways to keep people moving in our cities is more important than ever. Historically, cities have developed in different ways. Each has its own personality and complexity. But in all cases, transport and mobility have played a key role in city life. Due to the relevance of mobility this article tries to establish the relationship between some variables. The method was developed by collecting, analyzing and comparing data on metropolitan regions in North America, South America, Europe and Oceania through a mathematical model. From each selected location the following data were gathered: population, area (km²), demographic density (inhab/km²), socio-economic aspects (annual GDP per capita), transport system (subway extension), number of trips per person per day and modal split (% non-motorized, % public transport and % private transport). In this study we analyze some variables that influence the number of trips per person per day. Understanding the associations between all the variables that influence the number of trips per person per day contributes the planners to determine whether changes are needed to improve in the transport system in the metropolitan region.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/CIT2016.2016.3763
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Rachmawati, Lucky. "How Can Population Density Affect Economic Growth?" In 2nd International Conference on Economic Education and Entrepreneurship. SCITEPRESS - Science and Technology Publications, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5220/0006887104110415.
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Jordanov, Ivan P., and Elena V. Nikolova. "On the evolution of nonlinear density population waves in the socio-economic systems." In 10th Jubilee International Conference of the Balkan Physical Union. Author(s), 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.5091325.
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Fayzieva, Dilafruz. "Demographic Aspects of Increasing the Level of Employment of the Population." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c10.02094.
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The strengthening of the growth rate of the national economy is directly connected with the regular change in the structure of employment of the population
Therefore, the greatest realization of human potential for the benefit of social well-being is at the center of attention of the state policy of regulation of the labor market. Accordingly, in the domestic economic science and practice, state support for the work capacity of the population However, the problem of determining the social and economic cost of labor and the rational use of human capital remains open for scientific research.
The article examines the labor market in the Republic of Uzbekistan in terms of socioeconomic, age, gender and ethnic-national factors of population, macroeconomic aspects of managing employment processes in the context of ongoing reforms in Uzbekistan in accordance with the standards of the International Labor Organization, and provides scientific, methodological and practical aspects aimed at to increase the level of employment of the population. In this article were used secondary data from the statistical literatures.
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Murzina, M. I. "Population density of grape moth in the Lower Don region." In CURRENT STATE, PROBLEMS AND PROSPECTS OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF AGRARIAN SCIENCE. Federal State Budget Scientific Institution “Research Institute of Agriculture of Crimea”, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.33952/2542-0720-2020-5-9-10-35.
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The article introduces a study in the field of monitoring the number and density of the population of grape moth using pheromone traps. In the course of this research, we found that the grape moth in 2019 developed in three generations. On the night peak flight, the largest pest population in the first generation was 2–3 insects/day; in the third generation – 1 insect/day. The population density of the grape moth in the conditions of the Novocherkassk branch of the Experimental field did not exceed the economic threshold and during the development of three generations was low. Hence, protective measures were not carried out.
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Simeonovski, Kiril, Elena Naumovska, and Mihail Petkovski. "THE EFFECT OF BANK DENSITY ON FINANCIAL DEVELOPMENT AND ECONOMIC PERFORMANCE." In Economic and Business Trends Shaping the Future. Ss Cyril and Methodius University, Faculty of Economics-Skopje, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.47063/ebtsf.2020.0014.
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This paper provides evidence about the link between bank density as a form of financial deepening, and financial development and economic performance. We construct a panel of European countries and develop a dynamic regression model with GDP dynamics up to three lags and a full set of fixed effects to study the effect that the number of bank branches and automated teller machines per capita have on real GDP per capita. Our baseline estimates point out to a weak negative impact of the increased number of bank branches per capita on economic performance by around 0.3 per cent annually. We find similar results from the subsequent IV and GMM estimates as well as when swapping the population basis of the bank density measures with the area. The IV strategy reveals that our both measures are endogenous with the respect to the level of urbanisation and the share of Internet users up to three lags. We further include financial development as a covariate and find weaker negative impact of the number of bank branches and a weak positive impact of the number of automated teller machines by about 0.15 per cent annually. Our estimates with respect to financial development reveal that both bank measures can be considered significant drivers given the positive impact of about 0.8 to 1.2 percentage points obtained for the number of bank branches and about 0.6 to 0.7 percentage points for the number of automated teller machines. We do not find any significant differences between the countries with harmonised regulations and shared currency as a result of the EU and Eurozone membership.
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Zoubets, A. N., A. V. Novikov, and A. Y. Oborskiy. "Digital Measurement of the Quality of Life of the Russian Population: Aspects of Quality of Health Care." In 2nd International Scientific and Practical Conference “Modern Management Trends and the Digital Economy: from Regional Development to Global Economic Growth” (MTDE 2020). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/aebmr.k.200502.079.
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Gerni, Cevat, Selahattin Sarı, Mustafa Kemal Değer, and Ömer Selçuk Emsen. "Liberalism and Economic Growth in Transition Economies." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c02.00290.
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In the world economy, since 1960s, countries, which are open and apply liberal policies succeeded higher economic growth and welfare. Therefore, liberal policies became more attractive. In that case, the transition, which has political, economic, and socio-cultural aspects, means moving from socialist-authoritarian structure to market based-liberal structures. In the literature, there are many studies which point out labor force and capital are not significant on the economic growth. In addition, the literature focuses on the importance of institutions on the economic growth. In this study, we compare the countries which were quickly away from the socialist structures with the countries which were slow on the reforms. Our analysis depends on their economic growth with cross section. However, we know the importance of institutional aspects on the growth research; therefore, we applied 2SLS regression analysis and to determine the economic liberalism indicators we used political rights, civil liberties, years that were under the socialism, openness, secondary school ratio, and public spending/GDP ratio. In the late phase, GDP per capita, as an indicator of economic growth, is explained with an independent variable which is predicted in the first phase via liberalism variable, and labor-population ratio and constant capital stock GDP ratio variables used in Neo-classical Solow-type growth model.
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DUGARZHAPOVA, Dolgorma. "SOCIO-ECONOMIC ASPECTS OF LIVING STANDARDS AND QUALITY OF LIFE OF THE POPULATION OF THE REPUBLICS OF THE SIBERIAN FEDERAL DISTRICT OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION." In Republics in the East of Russia: Trajectories of Economic, Demographic and Territorial Development (1991-2017). Publishing House of Buryat Scientific Center, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.30792/978-5-7925-0522-3-2018-25-37.
Full textReports on the topic "Economic aspects of Population density"
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Sultana, Munawar. Culture of silence: A brief on reproductive health of adolescents and youth in Pakistan. Population Council, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.31899/pgy19.1006.
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Previous research on the reproductive health of adolescents and youth in Pakistan has not addressed the diversity of adolescent experiences based on social status, residence, and gender. To understand the transition from adolescence to adulthood more fully, it is important to assess social, economic, and cultural aspects of that transition. This brief presents the experience of married and unmarried young people (males and females) from different social strata and residence regarding their own attitudes and expectations about reproductive health. More young people aged 15–24 live in Pakistan now than at any other time in its history—an estimated 36 million in 2004. Recognizing the dearth of information on this large group of young people, the Population Council undertook a nationally representative survey from October 2001 to March 2002. The analysis presented here comes from Adolescents and Youth in Pakistan 2001–02: A Nationally Representative Survey. The survey sought information from youth aged 15–24, responsible adults in the household, and other community members in 254 communities. A total of 6,585 households were visited and 8,074 young people were interviewed.