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Journal articles on the topic 'Economic aspects of Public health'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 30 January 2023

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1

Krzysztoszek, Jana, Dorota Koligat, Piotr Ratajczak, Wiesław Bryl, Maciej Cymerys, Karolina Hoffmann, Ewelina Wierzejska, and Paweł Kleka. "Public health Economic aspects of hypertension treatment in Poland." Archives of Medical Science 3 (2014): 607–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.5114/aoms.2013.32853.

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Auerbach, Alan J. "American Economic Journal: Economic Policy." American Economic Review 99, no. 2 (April 1, 2009): 679–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/aer.99.2.679.

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AEJ Policy will publish papers covering a range of topics, the common theme being the role of economic policy in economic outcomes. Subject areas will include public economics; urban and regional economics; public policy aspects of health, education, welfare, and political institutions; law and economics; economic regulation; and environmental and natural resource economics.

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3

Irodova, E. E., and N. Yu Smolnitskaya. "Economic aspects of public health: costs and benefits of the enterprise." Public Health 2, no. 2 (August 12, 2022): 58–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.21045/2782-1676-2022-2-2-58-72.

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The purpose of this article is to analyze the socio-economic aspects of public health in the context of the costs and benefits of modern enterprise. As a key characteristic of labor resources, public health significantly affects the pace and quality of socio-economic development. In the modern economy, public health is on a par with such system-forming characteristics of the labor force as education, qualifications, creativity, and is increasingly trying on the role of the leading factor in economic growth. The article provides evidence that concern for the health of personnel should act as a burden on owners and managers, relying on formal (by the state) and informal (by public opinion) norms that oblige entrepreneurs to take on a certain amount of responsibility in relation to its personnel in terms of employee insurance; ensuring proper working conditions, labor protection, etc.; formation of a health fund; creation of medical structures. Along with this, we record a number of benefits arising from this, including retention of personnel, the formation of a stable and interested core of the labor collective, stability, loyalty of the labor collective, a reduction in the number of absences due to illness, increased efficiency, an increase in the number of so-called innovative “smuggling” projects, the demonstration effect of moral standards.

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Rhodes, S. P., and S. Ridley. "Economic Aspects of General Anaesthesia." PharmacoEconomics 3, no. 2 (February 1993): 124–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00019053-199303020-00005.

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5

Destache, Christopher J. "Economic Aspects of Pharmacokinetic Services." PharmacoEconomics 3, no. 6 (June 1993): 433–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00019053-199303060-00002.

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De Graeve, Diana, and Philippe Beutels. "Economic Aspects of Pneumococcal Pneumonia." PharmacoEconomics 22, no. 11 (2004): 719–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00019053-200422110-00003.

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Burchardi, Hilmar, and Heinz Schneider. "Economic Aspects of Severe Sepsis." PharmacoEconomics 22, no. 12 (2004): 793–813. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00019053-200422120-00003.

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8

MAYNARD, ALAN. "Economic aspects of addiction policy." Health Promotion International 1, no. 1 (1986): 61–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/heapro/1.1.61.

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9

Andrews, Gavin. "Psychiatry in Australia: economic and service delivery aspects." Psychiatric Bulletin 15, no. 7 (July 1991): 446–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/pb.15.7.446.

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In 1987 there were 1,428 psychiatrists in Australia, 8.8 per 100,000 population (Burvill, 1988), 55% identified as in private practice and 45% in public sector practice. Let us be clear about terms. Public sector practice means that each week you receive a salary from the public purse whether you have seen one or a hundred patients. Private practice means that you are paid on a piece-work basis, also largely from the public purse (national health insurance or Medicare), but the income (at about $100 per hour) depends exactly on the number of hours spent with patients. On average, private psychiatrists in Australia gross about $150,000 per year, out of which they must pay practice expenses. The pay for public sector psychiatrists probably averages $70,000 to which, for the purposes of our calculation, we will add the cost of rooms, telephone and secretary provided by the hospital which at $30,000 brings the cost of a public sector psychiatrist to about $100,000 per year. If 45% of psychiatrists are in public practice then the averaged cost of a psychiatrist in Australia can be calculated as $127,500 per annum, and as there are 8.8 psychiatrists per 100,000 the cost, calculated on this simple basis, is $1.12 million per 100,000 population (Andrews, 1989).

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10

Wu, Chien-Huei. "Beyond Liberalization: Health-Related Aspects of EU External Economic Agreements." European Foreign Affairs Review 17, Issue 4 (November 1, 2012): 511–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/eerr2012037.

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This article argues that there exists a discrepancy between the Union's external competence in the sphere of public health or health services and the Union's internal competence on health policies. While the TFEU brings trade in health services into the scope of the CCP and assigns it as an exclusive competence of the EU, the Union may still have to rely upon the Member States in implementing international obligations relating to trade in health services. This article also argues that health-related aspects of EU external economic agreements go beyond liberalization front. In addition to conventional equivalency test on SPS measures and mutual recognition agreements on TBT issues, they also cover public health issues relating to tobacco control, alcohol, illicit drugs, HIV-AIDS, and sometimes nuclear disaster and soft instruments governing regulatory dialogue and cooperation.

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11

Cvetanović, Slobodan, Sretko Ribać, and Danijela Despotović. "FINANCIAL ASPECTS OF HEALTH PROTECTION." Knowledge International Journal 28, no. 1 (December 10, 2018): 297–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.35120/kij2801297c.

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In addition to education, health is a basic component of human capital. Until recently the significance of health of the population was not the subject of serious study in economic science. However, in recent research, health is increasingly treated as a factor with long-term effect on economic development. It was concluded that the realisation of various health programmes had pronounced and numerous economic effects. The improvement of health services resulted in reduced mortality rate between the developed and underdeveloped countries, which had effect on economic growth. The health of individuals is reflected in biological, psychological, and social sphere, and their interaction. The more healthy individuals in a society, the easier it is to drive economic development. Thus in the economy of health the “production “of health as an important process in human capital increases. Total health “production” is determined by numerous factors such as available income, property, degree of education, genetic predisposition and level of public health. Besides, many other factors that determine life style of an individual are also important, which influences the creation of health needs like smoking, alcohol and drug consumption etc. These factors have impact on health “production” by using the available financial resources. Here, the possibilities of new technologies to satisfy various needs for health care should also be mentioned, since they are unavoidably connected with the increasing finances. Treatment of health protection as a domain where health is “produced” leads to conclusion that it is possible, in analytical sense, to express the relation between health status (of an individual, certain group of people, or ethnic community) as a result of health protection system and factors that determine that status in the form of production function Health = F (health protection, other inputs, time). This does not refer so much to health industry, aimed at preventing diseases (although it is important as well), but, first and foremost, to prevention and healthy lifestyle (diet, physical activity, finding right measures for each thing, avoiding harmful substances and pollution of the environment). Healthy life, of course, includes sufficient free time and appropriate living standard. Health of labour is particularly affected by healthy diet, healthy working environment, appropriate daily, weekly, and annual breaks, appropriate housing, organized care of employees’ young children, organization of physical and social activities in the company, and the like. In this context, the central problem of health protection system management is how to provide maximum possible level of health status of population with the available finances allocated for health protection. Health economists, logically, cannot directly influence the improvement of health status of the population, but can be useful in increase of efficiency in the use of available finances for health care, i.e. increase the level of health status of the population by using the same amount of finances.

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12

Schondelmeyer, Stephen W. "Economic Aspects of Switch." Drug Information Journal 24, no. 1 (January 1990): 57–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/009286159002400111.

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13

Horne, L. Chad. "“Public Health, Public Goods, and Market Failure”." Public Health Ethics 12, no. 3 (June 3, 2019): 287–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/phe/phz004.

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Abstract This discussion revises and extends Jonny Anomaly's ‘public goods’ account of public health ethics in light of recent criticism from Richard Dees. Public goods are goods that are both non-rival and non-excludable. What is significant about such goods is that they are not always provided efficiently by the market. Indeed, the state can sometimes realize efficiency gains either by supplying such goods directly or by compelling private purchase. But public goods are not the only goods that the market may fail to provide efficiently. This point to a way of broadening the public goods account of public health to accommodate Dees' counterexamples, without abandoning its distinctive appeal. On the market failures approach to public health ethics, the role of public health is to correct public health-related market failures of all kinds, so far as possible. The underlying moral commitment is to economic efficiency in the sense of Pareto: if we can re-allocate resources in the economy so as to raise the welfare of some without lowering the welfare of any other, we ought to do so.

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14

Beringer, Paul M., Annie Wong-Berringer, and Jay P. Rho. "Economic Aspects of Antibacterial Adverse Effects." PharmacoEconomics 13, no. 1 (1998): 35–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00019053-199813010-00004.

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15

Utriainen, Pekka, and Eeva Widstrom. "Economic aspects of dental care in Finnish health centers." Community Dentistry and Oral Epidemiology 18, no. 5 (October 1990): 235–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0528.1990.tb00066.x.

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16

Oynotkinova, Olga Sh, and Vera N. Larina. "Medical and social aspects of health security in the formation of public health." City Healthcare 3, no. 3 (September 30, 2022): 67–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.47619/2713-2617.zm.2022.v.3i3;67-76.

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Introduction. Monitoring of the health status of the population as a whole, assessment and analysis of the leading determinants of health, including genetic, behavioral, anthropogenic, biophysiological factors, represent one of the global functions of public health, focused on health protection and provision of medical services. To date, health disorders are primarily related to lifestyle and are always a collection of individual personalized health data. Unhealthy diet and low physical activity are risk factors for the development of a number of chronic non-communicable diseases, primarily cardiovascular, metabolic, in particular type 2 diabetes mellitus and some types of cancer. These risk factors lead to early disability, a decrease in the quality and life expectancy of people, disability, as well as the health budget and the economy. So, if on average only 3 % of the health budget is spent on disease prevention programs, then about 7 % of the budget in the EU countries is spent on the treatment of obesity and turns into 2.8 % of world GDP. In this regard, the implementation of early preventive measures is characterized by favorable and positive results. Purpose. Analyzes the role of unhealthy diet and low physical activity as key risk factors for cardiovascular and metabolic diseases, especially in the population of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Methods and materials. The characteristics of the presented studies included in the article cover international experience and analysis of the pilot study conducted on a population sample of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. To assess the economic costs associated with unhealthy diet and low physical activity, a general approach was used based on the analysis of individual diseases, in particular, type 2 diabetes mellitus, using population attributive fractions, regression method. Results. Based on the data obtained, it follows that patients with an unhealthy diet and low physical activity, burdened with overweight or obesity, have a high five-year risk of developing new cases of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular complications. This includes early disability and the economic costs of providing medical care. Using the example of a number of European countries and its own results, this study is focused on assessing the economic damage that is associated with unhealthy diet and low physical activity among the population, regardless of the region of residence and the metropolis.

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Van Minh, Hoang, Dao Lan Huong, Kim Bao Giang, and Peter Byass. "Economic aspects of chronic diseases in Vietnam." Global Health Action 2, no. 1 (November 11, 2009): 1965. http://dx.doi.org/10.3402/gha.v2i0.1965.

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18

Passmore, A. Peter. "Economic Aspects of Pharmacotherapy for Chronic Constipation." PharmacoEconomics 7, no. 1 (January 1995): 14–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00019053-199507010-00003.

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19

Minssen, Timo, Kevin Outterson, Susan Rogers Van Katwyk, Pedro Henrique D. Batista, Clare I. R. Chandler, Francesco Ciabuschi, Stephan Harbarth, et al. "Social, cultural and economic aspects of antimicrobial resistance." Bulletin of the World Health Organization 98, no. 12 (December 1, 2020): 823–823. http://dx.doi.org/10.2471/blt.20.275875.

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20

Ahonen, Guy. "Economic aspects of the work life in transition." American Journal of Industrial Medicine 36, S1 (September 1999): 15–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1097-0274(199909)36:1+<15::aid-ajim5>3.0.co;2-#.

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21

Tello, Juan Eduardo, and Paola Bonizzato. "Social economic inequalities and mental health II. Methodological aspects and literature review." Epidemiology and Psychiatric Sciences 12, no. 4 (December 2003): 253–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1121189x00003079.

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SummaryObjective - This study provides a framework for mental health inequalities beginners. It describes the methods used to measure socio economic inequalities and the inter-relations with different aspects of mental health: residence, mental health services organisation and main diagnostic categories. Method - Literature electronic-search on Medline, Psyclit, Econlit, Social Science Index and SocioSearch usingand relating the key-words inequalities, deprivation, poverty, socio-economic status, social class, occupational class, mental health for the period 1965-2002 (June). The articles selected were integrated with manual search (publications of the same authors, cross-references, working documents and reports of international andregional organisations). Results - Inequality is not an absolute concept and, mainly, it has been changing during the last years. For example, the integration and re-definition of variables that capture, in simple indices, a complex reality; the accent on social more than on economic aspects; the geo-validity and time-reference of the inequality's indices. Moreover, the inequalities could be the result of individual preferences, in this case, the social selectionand social causation issues will raise the suitability for a public intervention. Conclusions - Up to now, research has been mainly concentrated in describing and measuring health inequalities. For designing effective interventions, policy makers need to ground decisions on health-socioeconomic inequalities explanatory models.Declaration of Interestthis work was partly funded by the Department of the Public Health Sciences “G. Sanarelli” of the University of Rome “La Sapienza” and the Department of Medicine and Public Health of the University of Verona.

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22

Fedichkina, Tatiana P., L. G. Solenova, I. E. Zykova, S. V. German, A. V. Modestova, V. A. Kislitsyn, Yu A. Rakhmanin, and I. P. Bobrovnitsky. "Socio-economic aspects of epidemiology of helicobateriosis." Hygiene and sanitation 95, no. 9 (October 28, 2019): 861–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.18821/0016-9900-2016-95-9-861-864.

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There are considered special social and economic aspects of the epidemiology of Helicobacter pylori. These aspects acquired the particular importance for the last time due to the fact that the provision of the people with pure water has been becoming the focus of the attention of geopolitical and socio-economic interests in a number of countries. The availability ofpure drinking water serves a marker of the socio-economic state of the territory and the population living there. In Russia where different climatic conditions are deposited by considerable regional differences in the conditions of communal services caused both by various level of the socio-economic development of the territory, the supplementation with pure drinking water serves as the social determinant of the ecological conditions of the population’s life. This particularly has impact on the unfeasible technical state of the water distribution systems, microorganism ecology of which can substantially affect public health. The performed by authors a specialized screening ofpresented at the official web site of the joint-stock company «Mosvodokanal» current data concerning the quality of drinking water consumed by 2500 Moscovites, tested for the Helicobacter pylori infection revealed no deviations from the sanitary standards in the water received by the consumers. Along with that, the comparison of the map documents of the distribution of the Helicobacter pylori infection in Moscow with the distribution of citizens’ complaints of the decline of the quality of tap water has revealed a territorial fastening of the high values of the population infection rate of n^ylori and the urban sites with the greatest number of complaints. In the microbial ecology of water-distribution systems there are tightly aligned problems of their epidemiological safety, technical state and economic damage caused by corrosion as a result of microbiotic activity. In contrast to acute bacterial and viral infections which are deemed of the greatest importance when assessing the sanitary condition of water sources and water-distribution systems, the consequences of infection with H. pylori may not be manifestedfor a long time but some years later they may be manifested as serious chronic diseases (from gastritis to adenocarcinoma of the stomach and a wide range of extraintestinal pathologies), which causes great social and economic losses. Thus, the socio-economic aspect of the epidemiology of helicobacteriosis includes at least two components: the technic - the maintenance of the feasible technic and sanitary state of the water distribution systems and the medico-social - expenditures for screening and treatment of infected patients. In total they are an inseparable part of the prevention of socially-important diseases in the public health system.

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Ransom, Montrece McNeill, Amelia Greiner, Chris Kochtitzky, and Kristin S. Major. "Pursuing Health Equity: Zoning Codes and Public Health." Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics 39, S1 (2011): 94–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-720x.2011.00576.x.

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Health equity can be defined as the absence of disadvantage to individuals and communities in health outcomes, access to health care, and quality of health care regardless of one’s race, gender, nationality, age, ethnicity, religion, and socioeconomic status. Health equity concerns those disparities in public health that can be traced to unequal, systemic economic, and social conditions. Despite significant improvements in the health of the overall population, health inequities in America persist. Racial and ethnic minorities continue to experience higher rates of morbidity and mortality than non-minorities across a range of health issues. For example, African-American children with asthma have a seven times greater mortality rate than Non-Hispanic white children with the illness. While cancer is the second leading cause of death among all populations in the U.S., ethnic minorities are especially burdened with the disease.

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Kuzmichkina, M. A., and V. N. Serebryakova. "Aspects of economic efficiency of surgical myocardial revascularization." Profilakticheskaya meditsina 24, no. 3 (2021): 100. http://dx.doi.org/10.17116/profmed202124031100.

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Feenstra, Talitha, Isaac Corro-Ramos, Dominique Hamerlijnck, George van Voorn, and Salah Ghabri. "Four Aspects Affecting Health Economic Decision Models and Their Validation." PharmacoEconomics 40, no. 3 (December 16, 2021): 241–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40273-021-01110-w.

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26

Massie, R. John, and Craig M. Mellis. "The Economic Aspects of Drug Delivery in Asthma." PharmacoEconomics 11, no. 5 (May 1997): 398–407. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00019053-199711050-00003.

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27

WALKER, KIRSTY. "HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVES ON ECONOMIC CRISES AND HEALTH." Historical Journal 53, no. 2 (April 27, 2010): 477–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0018246x10000130.

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ABSTRACTDuring periods of recession, both historians and policy-makers have tended to revisit the multi-faceted relationship between health and economic crisis. It seems likely that the current economic downturn will trigger a new revival of efforts to gauge its implications for people's health around the world. This review will reflect on aspects of the relationship between health and economic crisis, exploring some of the unanswered questions within the historiography of the Great Depression and health, and suggest new directions that this work might take. Within a broadly transnational framework, I will reassess the diverse historiographies of interwar public health, in order to highlight ways in which the methodologies used could inspire future studies for neglected areas within this field, such as Southeast Asia. In doing so, I will illustrate that the effects of the interwar economic fluctuations on health status remain imprecise and difficult to define, but marked a transitional moment in the history of public health.

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Чубарова and Tatyana Chubarova. "financial and economic aspects of access to health care in russia." Бюллетень Восточно-Сибирского научного центра Сибирского отделения Российской академии медицинских наук 1, no. 5 (December 6, 2016): 84–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/23397.

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The article deals with the financial and economic problems of access to health care for the citizens of Russia. It analyzes basic methodological approaches as well as the corresponding official statistics and sociological research on the state of the country’s health system, which, according to author’s opinion, can describe the situation with the accessibility of health care. It is shown that underfunding of health care from public sources and the associated expansion of private finances, can signal problems with access for Russian citizens. Especially if the overall socio-economic situation in the country is taken into account, namely the federal state policy of shifting health expenditures to regional level under the conditions of high regional social and economic differentiation and high income inequality. Thus, the development of fiscal policy within the budget federalism in Russia should take into account its implications for people’s access to health.

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Creese, Andrew L. "Economic aspects of tropical disease: What is better health worth?" Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 79, no. 2 (January 1985): 143–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0035-9203(85)90317-7.

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Zdravkovska, Milka, Zharko Stojmanovski, Vaso Taleski, Svetlana Jovevska, and Velo Markovski. "Public Health Aspects of Human Brucellosis in the Republic of Macedonia." Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences 1, no. 1 (December 15, 2013): 108–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2013.022.

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Background: The Republic of Macedonia is an endemic area where brucellosis is a dominant zoonosis with high morbidity and enormous economic loss.Aim: To determine the incidence rate, prevalence rate and development tendency of infected people with brucellosis in R. Macedonia in the period from 01.01.1999 to 31.12.2009, to register and analyse the epidemiological characteristics of the infected with brucellosis according to gender, age and regional distribution.Materials and methods: The data about the infected people with brucellosis were taken from the register of individual cases as well as monthly and annual reports for infectious diseases prepared by the Institute for Public Health of Republic of Macedonia.Results: According to the survey the highest number of incidence of human brucellosis in R. Macedonia was found in 2008, 23.94/100,000 people, and the lowest number of infected people was in 2009, about 13.99/100,000 people. Human brucellosis has a decreasing tendency.Conclusion: Human brucellosis remains a public health problem in Republic of Macedonia.

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Fletcher, Reginald J., Ian P. Bell, and Janet P. Lambert. "Public health aspects of food fortification: a question of balance." Proceedings of the Nutrition Society 63, no. 4 (November 2004): 605–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/pns2004391.

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Micronutrient malnutrition is widespread throughout the world, with important health and economic consequences. Tools to address this situation include food fortification, supplementation and dietary diversification, each having different and complementary roles. Fortification (mandatory and voluntary) has been practised over several decades in Western countries as well as in developing countries. Iodised salt was introduced in the USA in 1924 to reduce severe I deficiency. In 1938 voluntary enrichment of flours and breads with niacin and Fe was initiated to reduce the incidence of pellagra and Fe-deficiency anaemia respectively. Micronutrient intakes in European countries appear to be generally adequate for most nutrients. However, a number of population subgroups are at higher risk of suboptimal intakes (below the lower reference nutrient intake) for some micronutrients, e.g. folate, Fe, Zn and Ca in children, adolescents and young women. Dietary surveys indicate that fortified foods play a role in mitigating such risks for several important nutrients. The number of foods suited to fortification are considerably limited by several factors, including technological properties (notably moisture, pH and O2permeability), leading to unacceptable taste and appearance, as well as cost and consumer expectations. In countries in which voluntary fortification is widely practised micronutrient intakes are considerably below tolerable upper intake levels. Concerns about safety are addressed in relation to the potentially increased level or proportion of fortified foods (e.g. following potential EU legislation), for nutrients with relatively low tolerable upper intake levels and where the potential benefit and risks are in different subpopulations (e.g. folic acid). Recent models for assessing these issues are discussed.

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Rothstein, Mark A. "Rethinking the Meaning of Public Health." Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics 30, no. 2 (2002): 144–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-720x.2002.tb00381.x.

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Public health is a dynamic field. Outbreaks of new diseases, as well as changing patterns of population growth, economic development, and lifestyle trends all may threaten public health and thus demand a public health response. As the practice of public health evolves, there is an ongoing need to reassess its scientific, ethical, legal, and social underpinnings. Such a reappraisal must consider the disagreement among public health officials, public health scholars, elected officials, and the public about the proper role of public health and the distinctions, for example, between public health and clinical care, and public health and health promotion.In this article I will attempt to characterize the main points of contention as well as offer my own views regarding the proper scope of public health. Greater clarity and consensus on the meaning of public health are likely to lead to more efficient and effective public health interventions as well as increased public and political support for public health activities.

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33

Koch, T. "Learning from the economic crisis: public health and private ventures." Journal of Medical Ethics 35, no. 3 (March 1, 2009): 145–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jme.2008.028043.

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Sage, William M., and Kelley McIlhattan. "Upstream Health Law." Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics 42, no. 4 (2014): 535–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jlme.12174.

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Medicine and health are surprisingly separate. In the introduction to his 1963 master work on medical economics, Kenneth Arrow acknowledged that “the subject is the medical-care industry, not health.” In the 50 years that followed, researchers, policymakers, and public health professionals generated valuable and varied insights into health, impacting both behaviors and environments while addressing social determinants and demographic trends. Yet medical care has followed an even steeper upward trajectory, growing rapidly in scientific precision, public esteem, and technical sophistication. As a result, the economic gap between the two domains has widened. The U.S. health care system spends almost $3 trillion annually. Preventive screening and early intervention bridge medical care and health, as do nutrition, behavioral health, aging, and a few other fields. But the money is overwhelmingly in medical care, particularly rescue care for those with acute illnesses or serious (and typically preventable) complications of chronic disease.

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Burliai, A. P. ,., V. S. Kostyuk, L. W. Smoliy, and A. A. Osipova. "Modern theories of economic development: social aspects." Collected Works of Uman National University of Horticulture 2, no. 98 (June 20, 2021): 221–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.31395/2415-8240-2021-98-2-221-231.

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The article examines modern theories of economic development in the context of social aspects. The aim of the study is to generalize the social aspects of modern economic theories of development to determine the trajectory and possible directions of social policy. The essence and evolution of models of economic development according to the concepts of welfare are determined. Many well-known foreign researchers are interested in the causes of the wealth of some nations and the poverty and decline of others. Thus, D. Acemoglu and J. Robinson proved that the main condition for achieving the well-being of nations are economic institutions – rules that determine the social efficiency of the economy, incentives and motivations of people, rather than natural and geographical factors. Norwegian A. Reinert believes that rich countries have become rich through a combination of government intervention, strategic investment and protectionism, rather than free trade. American economist M. Olson pointed to the role of private property, taxation, public goods, collective action and contractual rights in economic development. N. Rosenberg and L. Birzdel, A. Sen, E. Duflo and A. Banerjee emphasize that the only issue they focus on is how to increase the material well-being of people, which is measured by the presence of most opportunities to choose and shape the quality of their own lives, to fight not with the consequences of poverty, but with its causes, that is, starting with public education, basic medicine and hygiene. New theoretical approaches to the interpretation of social factors of economic development and social transformations in Ukraine have also been formed in the works of Ukrainian researchers. It is established that a prerequisite for the successful development of the national economic system is to ensure the priority of man, education, health care, environmental protection, which, in turn, stimulate significant economic potential and long-term prosperity of society.

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Arokiasamy, John T., and R. Krishnan. "Some Epidemiological Aspects and Economic Costs of Injuries in Malaysia." Asia Pacific Journal of Public Health 7, no. 1 (January 1994): 16–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/101053959400700103.

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Injuries are one of the leading causes of death in the world. In Malaysia, injuries form one of the three main causes of mortality. They are also an important cause of permanent and temporary disability and work absenteeism in the productive age group. Increasing affluence and industrialization coupled with growing population and transportation needs in rapidly developing countries like Malaysia have resulted in a surge of road and occupational injuries. Three quarters of fatalities due to road, occupational, drowning and home injuries occur in those below 45 years of age. A majority of injuries in these categories are attributed to “human” factors and therefore can be prevented by public education and enforced training of workers. The total annual economic loss due to all types of injuries is estimated to be 2 billion Malaysian Ringgit (US$1 = MR2.76 approximately). The government is currently in the process of setting up full-time departments for road safety and occupational health and safety.

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Stant, A. D., S. Castelein, R. Bruggeman, J. T. van Busschbach, M. van der Gaag, H. Knegtering, and D. Wiersma. "Economic Aspects of Peer Support Groups for Psychosis." Community Mental Health Journal 47, no. 1 (March 24, 2009): 99–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10597-009-9193-8.

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Oki, Taikan, Shinjiro Yano, and Naota Hanasaki. "Economic aspects of virtual water trade." Environmental Research Letters 12, no. 4 (March 27, 2017): 044002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/aa625f.

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Dollmann, Sophia, Lucie Vermeulen, and Ana Maria de Roda Husman. "Untangling the Governance of Public Health Aspects of Manure in The Netherlands." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 23 (November 26, 2021): 12472. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182312472.

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The Netherlands is one of the most densely populated countries in terms of people and livestock and is the second largest exporter of agricultural products worldwide. As a result, the Netherlands has a manure surplus. Excess application of manure can lead to environmental problems; therefore, manure needs to be treated and discharged. Manure can contain zoonotic pathogens, but whether exposure to manure and manure treatment also poses a risk to public health is still unknown. This study analysed the regulations, relevant actors, and responsibilities in the complex system of manure and public health in the Netherlands. Interviews and system mapping have demonstrated interlinkages between environmental, economic, and health aspects. Constraints and opportunities for public health protection have been identified. This study reveals the complexity of the Dutch manure policy, its scattered responsibilities, the challenge to deal with uncertainties, and, most importantly, the need for a microbial risk assessment in order to adequately communicate and manage possible risks to protect the health of animals, the environment, and people.

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Hennessy, David A. "Economic Aspects of Agricultural and Food Biosecurity." Biosecurity and Bioterrorism: Biodefense Strategy, Practice, and Science 6, no. 1 (March 2008): 66–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/bsp.2007.0016.

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Skelly, Lara, Christine Stilwell, and Peter G. Underwood. "Correlations between the economy and public library use." Bottom Line 28, no. 1/2 (July 6, 2015): 26–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/bl-12-2014-0032.

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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to explore the relationship between different aspects of public library use with elements of economic growth and development. Design/methodology/approach – Statistical correlations were performed to uncover statistically significant relationships. Findings – Relationships are not uniform: strongly positive relationships exist between education and visits, circulation and library programmes, savings and visits and circulation and programmes, and a strongly negative relationship exists between health and circulation. Research limitations/implications – Only one proxy variable for each of the economic development indicators was used, including the fact that others might have revealed other information. Social implications – The revealed relationships should be kept in mind by librarians and policymakers as decisions to change library services that might trickle down to citizens through economic growth and development. Originality/value – This paper brings together a variety of economic growth and development factors and several aspects of public library use in a single framework.

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Akhedzhak-Naguze, Saida K., Tatyana A. Shiltsova, Adam A. Naguze, Saida A. Khuako, Bella R. Khurum, Valeriya A. Kuksina, and Milana N. Lavrinenko. "Key regional aspects of public health of Krasnodar Krai for 2018–2020." Medical Journal of the Russian Federation 28, no. 6 (January 3, 2023): 431–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/medjrf112357.

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BACKGROUND: The regional dimension of public health is one characteristic of public health that reflects the effectiveness of social and economic change in society. The key components of which are health and demographic indicators. The regions current demographic situation is an essential component of comprehensive medical and social research. Health and demographic indicators describe the dynamics, state, and prospects of social and economic changes in health and society as a whole. The increase in the population and labor resources due to migration growth, the increase in mortality rates, the decline in the birth rate, and the aging of the nation presupposes the development and implementation of additional medico-demographic approaches to the strategic development of the region. AIMS: Аnalysis of key indicators of public health of Krasnodar Krai, including the main medico-demographic indicators in the dynamics for 20182020. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective analysis on some aspects of the regions public health for 20182020 was conducted. Included in the development are medico-demographic indicators of the population, fertility, mortality, natural increase (losses), and so forth, in the dynamics for 20182020. Data from the Federal Service of State Statistics and statistical data of reporting forms of medical organizations of Krasnodar Krai Information about medical organization (p. 30) were used in the study for the period under consideration. The study applied statistical, analytical, and descriptive methods. The statistical processing of the material was carried out with the help of Microsoft Office software package. RESULTS: Analysis of key regional medico-demographic indicators of Krasnodar Krai for the analyzed period from 2018 to 2020 has made it possible to identify population growth. These indicators include the increase in migration, the number of children, the population under working age, women of childbearing age, the decrease in the total and total fertility rates, the population of working age, and the increase in the overall mortality rate, which includes the working age and population loss. Diseases of the circulatory system, the nervous system, and neoplasm took the largest share in the structure of mortality in 2020. In the structure of mortality, diseases of the circulatory system, nervous system, and neoplasm took the largest share. One of the reasons for the increase in total mortality in 2020 was the death rate from COVID-19. CONCLUSIONS: The analysis of the main medico-demographic indicators as one of the key components of public health of Krasnodar Krai for 20182020 has been conducted.

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Zadvornaya, O. L., Yu E. Voskanyan, I. B. Shikina, and K. N. Borisov. "Socio-economic aspects of medical errors and their consequences in medical organizations." MIR (Modernization. Innovation. Research) 10, no. 1 (April 3, 2019): 99–113. http://dx.doi.org/10.18184/2079-4665.2019.10.1.99-113.

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Medical errors and adverse events are a global problem of strategic importance, accompanied by economic costs that impose a burden on the health care system, the country's economy and society as a whole. The article presents the results of a review of world experience in developing approaches to assessing the safety of medical care in medical organizations, systematization and analysis of factors affecting the patient safety.Purpose: the purpose of the article is to study and assess the risks associated with medical errors and adverse events in the activities of medical organizations that affect the patient safety in order to reduce the loss of public health, improve the system of identification and monitoring of risk indicators that affect the safety of medical care.Methods: the method of rapid assessment and content analysis of published evidence, including who experience in safety of medical care, was used to highlight the issue. The methodology of functional benchmarking, which included the collection and analysis of the necessary information, the choice of individual functions, processes, methods of work of medical organizations working in similar conditions, was used in the study.Results: the approaches allowing to predict occurrence and development of risks in ensuring safety of medical care, reduction of losses of public health and social and economic costs of the state are considered and offered.Conclusions and Relevance: the materials presented in the article show that safety is a fundamental principle of providing medical services to patients and a critical component of the quality management system of medical care. To reduce the loss of public health, direct and indirect socio-economic costs of the state, comprehensive efforts are needed to reduce the risks that threaten the patient safety and improve the activities of medical organizations.

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Polus, Stephanie, Tim Mathes, Corinna Klingler, Melanie Messer, Ansgar Gerhardus, Constance Stegbauer, Gerald Willms, Heidi Ehrenreich, Georg Marckmann, and Dawid Pieper. "Health Technology Assessment of Public Health Interventions Published 2012 to 2016: An Analysis of Characteristics and Comparison of Methods." International Journal of Technology Assessment in Health Care 35, no. 4 (2019): 280–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266462319000515.

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AbstractObjectivesThe aim of this study was to provide an overview of the methodological characteristics and compare the assessment methods applied in health technology assessments (HTAs) of public health interventions (PHIs).MethodsWe defined a PHI as a population-based intervention on health promotion or for primary prevention of chronic or nonchronic diseases. HTAs on PHIs were identified by systematically searching the Web pages of members of international HTA networks. We included only full HTA reports published between 2012 and 2016. Two reviewers extracted data on the methods used to assess effectiveness/safety, as well as on economic, social, cultural, ethical, and legal aspects using a-priori standardized tables.ResultsWe included ten HTAs provided by four different organizations. Of these, all reports assessed the effectiveness of the interventions and conducted economic evaluations, seven investigated social/cultural aspects, and four each considered legal and ethical aspects, respectively. Some reports addressed applicability, context/setting, and intervention fidelity issues in different ways. We found that most HTAs adapted their methods to some extent, for example, by including nonrandomized studies, expanding the search strategy, involving stakeholders, or applying a framework to guide the HTA process.ConclusionsOur analysis provides a comprehensive overview of methods applied in HTAs on public health interventions. We found that a heterogeneous set of approaches is used to deal with the challenges of evaluating complex public health interventions.

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Postma, M. J., J. C. Jager, and L. T. W. de Jong-van den Berg. "Socio-economic aspects of extended STD screening in pregnancy." AIDS Care 12, no. 6 (December 2000): 731–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09540120020014273.

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Macrow, Peter J. "Political, Economic and Ethical Aspects of Use of Medical Abortifacients." PharmacoEconomics 5, no. 4 (April 1994): 269–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00019053-199405040-00001.

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Meghisan, Georgeta-Madalina, and Dorin Toma. "Public health management: life expectancy and air pollution." Proceedings of the International Conference on Business Excellence 11, no. 1 (July 1, 2017): 111–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/picbe-2017-0012.

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Abstract Part of the National Strategy of Sustainable Development from Romania, life expectancy and air pollution indicators have an important role in establishing long term public health management strategies. International scientific literature within the field underlines the strong connection between air pollution and life expectancy. This research study focuses on the impact of greenhouse gas emissions, particulate matter air pollutants, ozone air pollutants on the length of life at 65 years old and life expectancy at birth of the population from Romania. The methods used for research are correlation and linear regression. Our results will be a starting point for further development of public health policies in developing countries, which mostly focus on socio-economic aspects, neglecting the negative impact of air pollution.

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Karkee, Rajendra. "Globalisation, Public Health and COVID-19." Journal of Health and Allied Sciences 10, no. 1 (May 28, 2020): 69–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.37107/jhas.171.

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Public Health is the collective action for sustained population-wide health improvement. There are various factors that can affect the health of a population. These factors are often summarised as social, economic, political, cultural, and environmental factors. Along with these classical factors, there is another emerging factor in 21st century; that is globalisation. Globalisation and ‘Global Health’ has become an important aspect of public health to be known by a public health graduates Not only transmissions of diseases across borders are threat but also economic policies, politics, trade treaties, expansion of multination companies and consumption of foods affect health worldwide.

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Kovalyov, S. P., E. R. Yashina, L. A. Khodyreva, P. S. Turzin, K. E. Lukichyov, A. V. Emanuel, E. V. Averyanova, and I. O. Churekova. "Actual aspects of development of medical organizations’ management system." Medical alphabet, no. 34 (January 15, 2021): 66–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.33667/2078-5631-2020-34-66-71.

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The main medico-social and economic features of the organization of public health systems in leading foreign countries and Russia are considered. The priority directions of further exploratory scientific and practical research, including in urology, have been determined.

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Czech, M., M. Horoszewska, and R. Pachocki. "PHP14 ECONOMIC ASPECTS OF INDIVIDUAL TREATMENT IN POLAND—OUT-PATIENT VIEWPOINT." Value in Health 7, no. 6 (November 2004): 713. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1098-3015(10)65873-1.

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