Academic literature on the topic 'Economic aspects of Ski resorts'
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Journal articles on the topic "Economic aspects of Ski resorts"
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Luque Martínez, Teodoro, Luis Doña Toledo, and Nina Faraoni. "Auditing Marketing and the Use of Social Media at Ski Resorts." Sustainability 11, no. 10 (May 20, 2019): 2868. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11102868.
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Mountain and snow tourism are sectors of immense social and economic importance that are developed in an especially sensitive environmental context. A large part of this tourism is channeled through ski resorts. The literature on comparative studies of ski-resort management and, in particular, on marketing management, is limited. This study contributes knowledge on the application of marketing practiced at ski resorts. For the first time, an audit of marketing at ski resorts is performed through a quantitative survey at resorts in two countries (Spain and Italy). The importance–performance analysis (IPA) is used, which identifies both the strong and the weak points and the great deficits of marketing management at ski resorts from the perspective of their directors, to whom the questionnaire was addressed. The social media usage of the ski-stations is also analyzed, identifying different typologies of resorts in accordance with their performance against 11 indicators from Twitter and 15 from Facebook. Knowing the opinion of the visitors, the online and competitive strategy, and adapting to the legislative changes are the aspects to which the directors attach greater importance. The greatest deficits were linked to employee motivation and communication (internal and non-integrated). There are minor differences in Twitter and Facebook indicators between Spanish and Italian ski resorts. The turnover results of the ski resorts present more correlation with Facebook indicators than with Twitter ones. This analysis provides recommendations and implications for the management of ski resorts in the six dimensions of marketing under consideration. It, likewise, offers knowledge of the social-media-related behavior of resorts that are leaders on both Twitter and Facebook, for benchmarking purposes.
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Zhukov, Alexey D., Karapet A. Ter-Zakaryan, Ekaterina Yu Bobrova, and Anaton S. Pilipenko. "Insulation Sheath Materials for Cold Preservation." Materials Science Forum 974 (December 2019): 452–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.974.452.
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The article studies one of the aspects of the heat-insulating multifunctional shells use - the cold preservation. Such task is relevant for cold storages, workshops and warehouses, in which low temperatures constant maintenance is necessary, for sports facilities (for example, ice rinks and ski facilities). In all cases of application, the main goal is to achieve the economic efficiency, which is expressed in functional results (preservation of the material that breaks down at positive temperatures) and in energy savings. The use of polyethylene-based shells, which are connected by a lock joint, is substantiated. The experimental studies results of the material given in the article shows that in terms of resistance to low and alternating temperatures, operational durability, tensile strength and water absorption, this material and insulating shells based on it are quite applicable for insulation of cold-saving objects. The experience of using heat, vapor and moisture insulating shells based on polyethylene foam with the equipment of frameless and frame structures, sports facilities, as well as for the preservation of snow at ski resorts is also provided in the article.
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Gianfredi, Vincenza, Nicole Sibilla Mauer, Leandro Gentile, Matteo Riccò, Anna Odone, and Carlo Signorelli. "COVID-19 and Recreational Skiing: Results of a Rapid Systematic Review and Possible Preventive Measures." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 8 (April 20, 2021): 4349. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18084349.
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COVID-19 is a novel infectious disease which has rapidly spread around the globe, disrupting several aspects of public life over the past year. After numerous infection clusters emerged among travelers hosted in ski resorts in early 2020, several European countries closed ski areas. These measures were mostly upheld throughout the 2020 and 2021 winter season, generating significant economic loss for mountain communities. The aim of this rapid systematic review was to explore the association between recreational skiing and the spread of COVID-19. This review was conducted according to the WHO practical guidelines on rapid reviews and the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. PubMed, Scopus, MedRxiv and Promed-mail were screened to identify relevant scientific and grey literature published since the emergence of COVID-19. Among the 11 articles included, seven focused on cases recorded during the first epidemic wave, when COVID-19 containment measures were not yet mandatory. Most infection clusters could be directly linked to public gatherings which took place without the enforcement of restrictions. There is currently no evidence to suggest an association between COVID-19 spread and recreational skiing. It may be reasonable to consider the reopening of ski areas in compliance with strict rules and preventive measures.
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Moreno-Gené, Jordi, Laura Sánchez-Pulido, Eduard Cristobal-Fransi, and Natalia Daries. "The Economic Sustainability of Snow Tourism: The Case of Ski Resorts in Austria, France, and Italy." Sustainability 10, no. 9 (August 24, 2018): 3012. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su10093012.
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The purpose of this article is to analyse whether ski resorts in Europe are economically viable. Data originates from the financial statements of the 61 largest ski lift operators in Austria, France, and Italy. Descriptive statistics reveal that these operators are characterized by positive and relatively high returns, and by having little debt in general terms. The results show that the most economically profitable ski operators are also the largest. The elevation of the ski area is not relevant. Ski lift operators in Austria have a higher profitability than those in France and Italy. Overall, larger ski resorts are better prepared for the future investment needed to adapt to the new conditions in the industry, such as climate variability.
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An, Hongmin, Cunde Xiao, and Minghu Ding. "The Spatial Pattern of Ski Areas and Its Driving Factors in China: A Strategy for Healthy Development of the Ski Industry." Sustainability 11, no. 11 (June 4, 2019): 3138. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11113138.
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The development of ski areas would bring socio-economic benefits to mountain regions. At present, the ski industry in China is developing rapidly, and the number of ski areas is increasing dramatically. However, the understanding of the spatial pattern and driving factors for these ski areas is limited. This study collected detailed data about ski areas and their surrounding natural and economic factors in China. Criteria for classification of ski areas were proposed, and a total of 589 alpine ski areas in China were classified into three types: ski resorts for vacationing (va-ski resorts), ski areas for learning (le-ski areas) and ski parks to experience skiing (ex-ski parks), with proportions of 2.1%, 15.4% and 82.5%, respectively, which indicated that the Chinese ski industry was still dominated by small-sized ski areas. The overall spatial patterns of ski areas were clustered with a nearest neighbor indicator (NNI) of 0.424, in which ex-ski parks and le-ski areas exhibited clustered distributions with NNIs of 0.44 and 0.51, respectively, and va-ski resorts were randomly distributed with an NNI of 1.04. The theory and method of spatial autocorrelation were first used to analyze the spatial pattern and driving factors of ski areas. The results showed that ski areas in cities had a positive spatial autocorrelation with a Moran’s index value of 0.25. The results of Local Indications of Spatial Association (LISA) showed that ski areas were mainly concentrated in 3 regions: the Beijing-centered Yanshan-Taihang Mountains and Shandong Hill areas, the Harbin-centered Changbai Mountain areas and the Urumqi-centered Tianshan-Altay Mountain areas. The first location was mainly driven by socio-economic factors, and the latter two locations were mainly driven by natural factors. Ski tourism in China still faces many challenges. The government sector should strengthen supervision, develop a ski industry alliance, and promote the healthy and sustainable development of the ski industry in the future.
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Sánchez Pulido, Laura, Natalia Daries Ramón, and Eduard Cristóbal Fransi. "Sostenibilidad económica y situación financiera de las estaciones de esquí alpino del Pirineo catalán." Intangible Capital 12, no. 5 (November 17, 2016): 1451. http://dx.doi.org/10.3926/ic.823.
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Purpose: The present work seeks analyze the profitability and the financial situation of the main Catalan alpine ski resorts, with the objective to check if these are sustainable from an economic point of view, taking into account the external factors that affect him.Design/methodology: With the objective to carry out the study of profitability and financial situation, we obtained the financial states of the main Alpine ski resorts of the Catalan Pyrenees: Baqueira-Beret, Masella, Boí Taüll, Vallter 2000, La Molina, Vall de Núria and Espot Ski-Port Ainé, for the periods comprised between 2011-2015 and we proceeded to apply a series of economical and structural ratios with the purpose of establish a diagnostic on his situation.Findings: The results show that the Baqueira-Beret and Masella resorts are the only that obtain profits, whereas the rest of resorts obtain losses in all the periods analyzed. With regard to the financial situation, the results reveal that the level of indebtedness of the resorts is, in general reduced, arriving to the conclusion that the majority of them are not sustainable from a strictly economic point of view.Research limitations/implications: The main limitations of this work are on the one hand that the conclusions are obtained from a period of analysis of five years (2011-2015), and the second, they are circumscribed to a determinate region.Practical implications: The results of this work can help to take decisions so much to the ski resorts managers as to the public administrators for implementing strategies to achieve diversify the offer and improve the results.Social implications: Nowadays the majority of the ski resorts have been rescued or purchased by the Administration. We can deduce that it keeps by the incomes that generate his existence. That is to say, by the positive externalities that generates in the territory where they are situate.Originality/value: The present research focuses in the financial study of a little studied sector as they are the ski resorts and the snow tourism with the enormous importance that has in the economy of the region and in the territorial development. The agents interested are so much the public administrations like the managers of this type of firms.
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Joly, Marcello, and Elena Irina Ungureanu. "Global warming and skiing: analysis of the future of skiing in the Aosta valley." Worldwide Hospitality and Tourism Themes 10, no. 2 (April 9, 2018): 161–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/whatt-12-2017-0077.
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Purpose This paper aims to examine the impact of global warming and climate change on skiing by assessing the costs that ski resorts would have to bear to address the lack of snow. In this way, new development models can be hypothesized for the regional economy in the Aosta Valley, territory located in the West Alps, whose economy is largely based on winter tourism. Design/methodology/approach Starting with a literature review regarding global warming and its effects on the Alps, a methodology of analysis has been implemented to assess the relative weaknesses of ski resorts. Additional costs in adaptation strategies have been considered in the light of a major choice ski resorts must face: investing or not. For this analysis, four scenarios of global warming have been taken into consideration. Findings The lack of snow due to a rise in temperatures will have a big impact on regional ski resorts and will seriously threaten the economy of small lateral valleys. In this scenario, it is important to think about reorganizing the regional ski supply by focusing on stations with better economic results and those strategically well located. In this way, we can safeguard winter tourism in the region and preserve skiing by concentrating costs only in those resorts that are also able to bear new cost adaptation strategies. Originality/value The value of this paper is its estimation of the future impact of a rise in the average temperature in regional ski resorts. This impact is assessed in relation to concerns about the reduction of the skiing area and the new costs that ski companies will need to bear. The paper also proposes a new model for the reorganization of the ski supply in the Aosta Valley.
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Komarov, Anton Y., Yury G. Seliverstov, Tatyana G. Glazovskaya, and Alla S. Turchaninova. "Risk assessment in the North Caucasus ski resorts." Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 16, no. 10 (October 7, 2016): 2227–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhess-16-2227-2016.
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Abstract. Avalanches pose a significant problem in most mountain regions of Russia. The constant growth of economic activity, and therefore the increased avalanche hazard, in the North Caucasus region lead to demand for the development of large-scale avalanche risk assessment methods. Such methods are needed for the determination of appropriate avalanche protection measures as well as for economic assessments.The requirement of natural hazard risk assessments is determined by the Federal Law of the Russian Federation (Federal Law 21.12.1994 N 68-FZ, 2016). However, Russian guidelines (SNIP 11-02-96, 2013; SNIP 22-02-2003, 2012) are not clearly presented concerning avalanche risk assessment calculations. Thus, we discuss these problems by presenting a new avalanche risk assessment approach, with the example of developing but poorly researched ski resort areas. The suggested method includes the formulas to calculate collective and individual avalanche risk. The results of risk analysis are shown in quantitative data that can be used to determine levels of avalanche risk (appropriate, acceptable and inappropriate) and to suggest methods to decrease the individual risk to an acceptable level or better. The analysis makes it possible to compare risk quantitative data obtained from different regions, analyze them and evaluate the economic feasibility of protection measures.
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Ristic, Ratko, Nevena Vasiljevic, Boris Radic, and Sandra Radivojevic. "Degradation of landscape in Serbian ski resorts-aspects of scale and transfer of impacts." Spatium, no. 20 (2009): 49–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/spat0920049r.
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The environmental impacts in Serbian ski resorts (Kopaonik, Zlatibor, Stara planina, Divcibare) are very strong, leading to degradation of unique mountain landscape, and functionality losses. Processes of urbanization, construction or improvement works, cause hard degradation of topsoil and native vegetation. The logging, large excavation activities, erosion, noise and water pollution constantly impact the habitats of all animal and plant species residing in small areas. The process leads to severe fragmentation of the remaining old-growth forests, endangering future subsistence. Consequences of mismanagement in ski areas are noticeable in downstream sections of river beds, causing floods and bed-load deposition, with high concentration of pollutants, in reservoirs for water supply. Legal nature-protection standards are weakly implemented in regional ski areas. Effective protection of landscape in Serbian ski-areas is based on careful considerations of impact assessment at all levels of planning (spatial and urban planning) and designing activities, which enables application of restoration concept, in accordance with general goals of environmental protection (preserving biodiversity, CO2 sequestration, attenuation of effects of global climate changes).
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HEO, Jaewan, and Seungmin NAM. "Accessing the Economic Value of Natural Snows in Ski Resort Using Contingent Valuation Method." Journal of Environmental Management and Tourism 12, no. 3 (June 6, 2021): 775. http://dx.doi.org/10.14505//jemt.12.3(51).16.
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The purposes of this study are to estimate an individual’s probability of willingness to pay tax for preservation of the snows ski resorts in South Korea by using the CVM; and to present the effects of 4Es of the Experience economy theory in the experience economy theory. Truncated mean WTP indicates that the economic value of the natural snows of ski resort in Korea is 172 won (about 17 U.S cents) per household, which is a preservation value. Hence, in the practical perspective, policy makers are able to determine whether they should consistently develop and invest on the preparing for the climate change in the ski resort or not.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Economic aspects of Ski resorts"
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Johnson, Peter Ingraham. "Environmental Values and Conflict: The Decision-Making Process and Environmental Communication for a Town-Owned Ski Area in the Northeast." Fogler Library, University of Maine, 2009. http://www.library.umaine.edu/theses/pdf/JohnsonPI2009.pdf.
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Tse, Stanley. "Determining optimal staffing levels at the Whistler Blackcomb Ski and Snowboard School." Thesis, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/11487.
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Whistler Blackcomb Resort experiences the highest skier visits of any resort in North
America and consequently demand at the ski school is high. Due to various factors, the
daily number of lesson participants is highly variable and the best number of instructors to
staff each day is correspondingly difficult to estimate. The consequences of scheduling
incorrectly could lead to either overstaffing or understaffing. Overstaffing results in
unnecessary costs; understaffing results in lost sales and customer dissatisfaction.
A scheduling tool that can assist the Ski School in staffing decisions, therefore, is developed
to minimize excess costs. Daily demand predictions are made using a forecasting model and
a staffing policy is applied to it to obtain a recommended staffing level. The demand
forecasting model is a regression model that takes into account pre-bookings, day of the
week, holidays, and yesterday's demand. The staffing rules are determined through a
Newsvendor-type model derived from a marginal cost analysis of the trade-off between
overstaffing and understaffing applied to the daily demand forecasts.
The project is intended to formalize a systematic approach to staffing for certain lesson
types (pods) one day in advance. It will assist the Whistler Blackcomb Ski and Snowboard
School, as a decision support tool, in the development of daily instructor schedules that
rninimize any unnecessary costs.
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Benavides, Raul Martinez. "Pricing in a congestible service industry with a focus on the ski industry." Thesis, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/15158.
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In 2003, the Centre for Operations Excellence at the University of British Columbia's
Sauder School of Business worked on a project for a company in the resort industry. The
project was an initial attempt to develop and implement a pricing management practice
for the ski lift ticket business of that company. Our main deliverable was the
development of an Excel-based tool with a user-friendly interface that could help the
company in their budgeting of the ski lift ticket business.
After completing the project, we did some further investigation relative to pricing
management techniques that could be applied to this sort of business, namely a
congestible service industry. In this thesis we argue that a revenue management system
could bring substantial benefits if implemented in this industry. We also identify the
requirements and main features of a revenue management system applied to congestible
service industries.
Although revenue management is a very popular system in fields such as the airline, hotel
and car rental industry, none of them can be classified as congestible industries. The ski
lift ticket industry and similar industries possess one characteristic that differentiates
them from the ones previously mentioned, there is no fixed capacity. This is the reason
why we considered important to study the application of revenue management in
congestible service industries.
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Horner, Graham. "Mountains of money : the corporate production of Whistler resort." Thesis, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/10636.
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The aim of this thesis is two-fold. My primary, theoretical aim is to present an alternative
way for geographers to approach the study of tourist resort development. For over twenty
years, resorts have been understood through the framework of evolutionary models, the
most widely-used being Richard Butler's 1981 Tourist Area Life Cycle. I argue that the
time is ripe for a more sophisticated approach which i) identifies the multiplicity of actors
involved in the destination-making process and elucidates the interactions between them;
and ii) situates the resort within a dynamic, capitalist economy, increasingly dominated by
large corporations. I suggest that one way we can do this is to take particular moments in
a resort's trajectory and examine the responses made by key players in the production of
the resort.
My starting point for my investigation into Whistler Resort, British Columbia is the
merger in 1996 of its two ski mountains, Whistler and Blackcomb, under the ownership
of Intrawest Corporation. A recent wave of consolidation in the North American ski
industry has seen increasing numbers of once-independent ski areas coming under the
control of four large corporations, Intrawest being one. My second aim with this thesis,
therefore, is to shed light on the process of ski resort development in light of the recent
industry reorganisation. In particular, I use my case-study of Whistler to interrogate the
corporatisation thesis of historian Hal Rothrnan. Rothman's account of resort
development in the twentieth-century American West leads him to view large
corporations as extractive forces which pay scant respect to local communities and
cultures, treating them instead as marketable commodities. The experience of Whistler,
however, suggests a much greater degree of mterdependence and co-operation between
the ski corporation and local stakeholders in the resort - a situation that arises because of
its unique administrative, political and economic context.
Books on the topic "Economic aspects of Ski resorts"
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Mouriquand, Jacques. L' or blanc: Le système des sports d'hiver. [Paris]: Lieu Commun, 1988.
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Wechsler, Jill. Camelback: The downs & ups of a banana belt ski area. Tannersville, Pa: Coolmoor, 1989.
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Glick, Daniel. Powder burn: Arson, money, and mystery on Vail Mountain. New York: PublicAffairs, 2003.
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Scotland, Countryside Commission for. Skiing at Cairngorm: Proposed westward expansion : a policy paper. Redgorton, Perth: The Commission, 1989.
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LLP, PricewaterhouseCoopers. The economic impact of downhill skiing at Alberta's Rocky Mountain ski resorts. [Edmonton]: Alberta Economic Development, 2000.
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Wardle, Kate. Monitoring vegetation changes at Treble Cone Ski Field, New Zealand. Wellington, N.Z: Dept. of Conservation, 2002.
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Pattullo, Polly. Last resorts: The cost of tourism in the Caribbean. 2nd ed. New York: Monthly Review Press, 2004.
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Pattullo, Polly. Last resorts: The cost of tourism in the Caribbean. Kingston: Ian Randle, 1996.
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Pattullo, Polly. Last resorts: The cost of tourism in the Caribbean. London: Cassell, 1996.
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Williams, Peter W. Where do the trails lead: A focus on the Canadian ski market. [Canada]: National Ski Industries Association and the Canadian Ski Council in cooperation with Tourism Canada, 1986.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Economic aspects of Ski resorts"
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Hudson, Dr Simon, and Louise Hudson. "Design and Planning for Winter Sport Resorts." In Winter Sport Tourism. Goodfellow Publishers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.23912/978-1-910158-39-5-2761.
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As mentioned already in this book, the ski industry has experienced considerable consolidation in the last few decades, particularly in North America, as larger operators buy up individual ski resorts or send small operators out of business. The industry is also highly vulnerable to climate change, which can have a devastating economic impact on ski resorts, requiring them to diversify their products and services and focus on alleviating the negative consequences of seasonality. If we factor in demographic shifts which are also dramatically affecting the ski industry landscape, then we have an environment of increasing uncertainty – where ski resort planning and development takes on a greater significance. The key stages in the design of ski resorts are gaining development approval, analyzing site feasibility, deciding on design guidelines, and choosing development styles. Each of these is examined in turn.
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Tsiaras, Stefanos. "Exploring the Impact of Tourism to the Sustainable Development of Mountain Regions." In Sustainable Tourism, 437–53. IGI Global, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-7504-7.ch024.
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Sustainable development is difficult to be achieved in mountain regions because of their sensitivity to climate change. The rapid development of mountain tourism worldwide during the last years makes the goal for sustainable mountain tourism even more challenging. Key factor to the development of mountain tourism in Europe was the function of ski centres. According to the spirit of the Brundtland Report ski centres are not in general sustainable, because they may have economic benefits but they negatively affect the other two pillars of sustainability: environment and society. The present paper focuses on a ski resort in Greece, attempting to assess the impact of mountain tourism on the sustainable development of the area. Ski resorts played a crucial role to the bloom of mountain tourism in Greece. Its evolution is a relatively recent phenomenon which has been affected by the economic crisis that afflicts the country in the past years. Demographic data compared with tourism indicators were used to assess the environmental impact of tourism in the area. Moreover, meteorological data were used in order to examine the correlation of climatic conditions and the number of visitors. The results show that the ski centre in Elatohori despite the economic benefits has a major environmental impact, especially because of the increased carbon emissions caused by the visitors of the area. Additionally, the climatic conditions (precipitation and temperature, especially the absolute maximum air temperature) affect the number of visitors.
Conference papers on the topic "Economic aspects of Ski resorts"
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Krarti, Moncef. "Feasibility Study of Distributed Energy Generation at a Colorado Ski Resort." In ASME 2015 9th International Conference on Energy Sustainability collocated with the ASME 2015 Power Conference, the ASME 2015 13th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology, and the ASME 2015 Nuclear Forum. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2015-49129.
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The ski industry in Colorado is the largest in the United States and makes up a significant portion of the state’s tourism revenue, but changes in the climate threaten the future of this highly weather-dependent business. In recent years, many ski resorts have taken steps to reduce greenhouse gas emissions in an effort to mitigate the effects shorter winters, less snowfall, and continued drought are having on the future viability of the industry. Energy efficiency and renewable energy projects are common strategies to reduce emissions; less common, however, are resort-wide analyses of distributed generation (DG) systems combining traditional and alternative energy sources. The intent of this study is to evaluate the economic and technical feasibility of a hybrid conventional-renewable DG system at Vail Resort. Electrical and thermal loads for Vail’s mountain operations were used to analyze three DG technologies; combined heat and power (CHP), photovoltaics (PV), and horizontal axis wind turbines. Technologies were chosen based on a resource assessment as well as input from site managers and analyzed using the Hybrid Optimization Model for Electric Renewables (HOMER). The results indicate that the most cost-competitive DG system is a 700 kilowatt (kW) natural gas-fired CHP plant used to meet the site’s base load during the summer months. Although CHP systems are generally most effective at displacing conventional grid-based power for facilities with little seasonal load variation, the findings of this study align closely with an existing system at Snowbird Resort in Utah. A small 700 kW CHP system could provide approximately 31% of annual electricity use and 24% of annual thermal energy needs based on the energy model used in this analysis. Furthermore, annual energy costs could be reduced by 3% and carbon emissions by 11%. Additional analyses are needed to more precisely determine the optimal system for Vail and the authors recommend that future studies include the energy use from base operations in addition to the mountain area considered in this analysis. The additional base area energy load during the summer could potentially make a larger CHP system more viable with subsequent cost and carbon emission savings. Additionally, site-specific resource data such as biomass production and ridge top wind speeds could aid in more definitively eliminating these technologies from consideration.