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Journal articles on the topic 'Economic aspects of Soil conservation'
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1
Anderson, Dennis. "Economic aspects of afforestation and soil conservation projects." Annals of Regional Science 21, no. 3 (1987): 100–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01287285.
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Nadkarni, M. V., and V. Govindaru. "Nobody's Child: The Economic and Institutional Aspects of Soil Conservation in India." Journal of Environment & Development 4, no. 1 (1995): 171–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/107049659500400109.
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Ovchinnikova, Natalia, Daria Burdova, and Maria Garanova. "Arrangement for rational use and conservation of land resources in Rostov region." E3S Web of Conferences 164 (2020): 07005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202016407005.
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This article covers the problem of rational use of land taking into account the economic and environmental aspects, aiming to eliminate any irrational use of land plots in the future. For this reason, it specifies the parameters characterizing the components of a rational land use concept, namely, its compliance with the intended use, sustainable soil fertility and environmental situation. The achievement of rationalization often contradicts the basic objectives of the concept of territorial development. To avoid such contradictions, the authors disclose the principles of rational land use. As of today, the concept of rational land use covers aspects in various spheres, such as ecology, economics, sociology, and, besides, affects environmental measures. Land resources management refers not only to the use of land resources, when natural and economic conditions and properties of the territory are the most fully taken into account, the fundamental socio-economic interests of the society are ensured, high efficiency of production and other activities is achieved, and the productive and other soil properties are recovered and ensured, but also to the possibility of using land by legitimate land users.
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Lu, Y., and M. Stocking. "Integrating biophysical and socio-economic aspects of soil conservation on the Loess Plateau, China. Part III. The benefits of conservation." Land Degradation & Development 11, no. 2 (2000): 153–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1099-145x(200003/04)11:2<153::aid-ldr374>3.0.co;2-#.
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Haregeweyn, Nigussie, Atsushi Tsunekawa, Jan Nyssen, et al. "Soil erosion and conservation in Ethiopia." Progress in Physical Geography: Earth and Environment 39, no. 6 (2015): 750–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0309133315598725.
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This paper reviews Ethiopia’s experience and research progress in past soil and water conservation (SWC) efforts and suggests possible solutions for improvement. Although indigenous SWC techniques date back to 400 BC, institutionalized SWC activity in Ethiopia became significant only after the 1970s. At least six national SWC-related programs have been initiated since the 1970s and their focus over time has shifted from food relief to land conservation and then to livelihoods. The overall current soil erosion rates are highly variable and large by international standards, and sheet, rill, and gully erosion are the dominant processes. The influence of human activities on the landscape has traditionally been deleterious, but this trend seems to have recently reversed in some parts of the country following the engagement of the communities in land management. The efficiency of SWC measures show mixed results that are influenced by the type of measures and the agro-ecology under which they were implemented; in general, the relative performance of the interventions is better in the drylands as compared with humid areas. Methodological limitations also occur when addressing the economic aspects related to benefits of ecosystem services and other externalities. Although farmers have shown an increased understanding of the soil erosion problem, SWC efforts face a host of barriers related to limited access to capital, limited benefits, land tenure insecurity, limited technology choices and technical support, and poor community participation. In general SWC research in Ethiopia is fragmented and not comprehensive, mainly because of a lack of participatory research, field observations, and adoptable methods to evaluate impacts. A potentially feasible approach to expand and sustain SWC programs is to attract benefits from global carbon markets. Moreover, a dedicated institution responsible for overseeing the research–extension linkage of SWC interventions of the country should be established.
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Kirby, GWM, VJ Hristova, and S. Murti. "Conservation tillage and ley farming in the semi-arid tropics of northern Australia - some economic aspects." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 36, no. 8 (1996): 1049. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea9961049.
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This paper examines some aspects of the economics of conservation tillage and ley farming in the semi-arid tropics of northern Australia. The distribution, 1 value and major trends in the enterprises comprising the agricultural sector of the semi-arid tropics are discussed in an industry context. The likely economic benefits for the farmer from the adoption of conservation tillage and ley farming come from mulch retention and increased yields. These benefits vary with the frequency of grain cropping, the legume species used and the commodity price relativities. The benefits are likely to be larger in drier growing seasons. Data on other factors, such as soil type and seasons, were inadequate for economic analysis. Some ley farming systems are more profitable than single enterprises in the short term. In the long term, the best choice for sustainable farming systems in the semi-arid tropics appears to be a legume pasture system or a legume pasture-crop system. Results to date from ley farming studies show that experimental designs need to be modified to incorporate higher cropping frequencies and more comprehensive joint product measures in order to allow a more critical economic assessment. Additional benefits to society from the adoption of conservation tillage and ley farming are likely to come from minimising adverse on-farm and off-farm effects of agricultural activities. There are strong arguments for continuing support for research and development in ley farming technology and a joint sharing of the costs between farmers and the community generally.
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Bista, A., T. N. Joshi, K. Biswokarma, and S. Yadav. "Agronomic and Environmental Aspects of Conservation Agriculture on Wheat Crop Production." International Journal of Applied Sciences and Biotechnology 7, no. 2 (2019): 161–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijasbt.v7i2.24637.
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Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) is one of the major vegetable crops of Nepal. Potato is grown all over the globe and consumed as either vegetable or staple food depending upon the crop production scenario. It is also an integral part of human diet. Potato is a high nutrient mining crop and needs higher fertilization for economic tuber production. Despite sufficient application of Nitrogen (N) and Phosphorus (P2O5), low replenishment and widespread potassium deficiency are limiting the potato production in Nepalese condition. Growth parameters such as plant height, leaf area and chlorophyll% was positively correlated with potassium application. Potassium alleviated stresses of frost and drought and reduced incidence of diseases like late blight, black scurf and hollow heart. Potassium also decreased the reducing sugar content and improved chips color and quality. Similarly, potassium application before harvest was found to increase storage life of potato tubers. Furthermore, potassium application significantly increased the yield of potato tubers and quality parameters such as Vitamin C content and specific gravity. Source of potassium and method of potassium application also affected growth, yield and quality parameters. Soil application of potassium in splits coupled with foliar spay was found to perform better. Optimum dose of potassium was recommended for economic tuber production
Int. J. Appl. Sci. Biotechnol. Vol 7(2): 161-166
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Rodríguez Sousa, Antonio Alberto, Jesús M. Barandica, and Alejandro Rescia. "Ecological and Economic Sustainability in Olive Groves with Different Irrigation Management and Levels of Erosion: A Case Study." Sustainability 11, no. 17 (2019): 4681. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11174681.
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In the last 50 years, both the agricultural labour force and irrigated land area have increased almost eightfold in Spain. The main objective of irrigation, in the short term, is to increase agricultural production. However, in the long term, the environmental externalities of irrigation and its direct relationship with soil erosion processes are more uncertain and still poorly studied. In this study, in an olive-growing region of Andalusia, Spain, the variation of several soil parameters related to irrigation and erosion levels was analysed. The results showed that irrigation, while increasing the productive level of the olive groves, entails a progressive alteration of the soil, modifying physical aspects (greater compaction and humidity of the soil together with lower gravel content, porosity and soil weight) and chemical aspects (reduction of the organic matter of the soil and the content of nitrates) that can aggravate the consequences of the erosive processes. In the long term, the productive benefit attributed to irrigation could be unsustainable from an ecological and, consequently, economic point of view. In addition, the lack of sustainability of olive irrigation agroecosystems could be exacerbated by the future restrictive impacts of climate change on water resources in Mediterranean environments. This situation demands spatial planning and alternative management based on soil conservation and rational and efficient forms of irrigation to ensure the sustainability of olive groves and their economic viability.
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Pal, P. K., Bablu Ganguly, Deepa Roy, Anamika Guha, Amita Hanglem, and Sabita Mondal. "Social and biophysical impacts of watershed development programmes: experiences from a micro-watershed area in India." Water Policy 19, no. 4 (2017): 773–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wp.2017.189.
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Rainwater conservation and soil erosion prevention are vital for the economic and financial sustainability of dry land agriculture. An integrated watershed development programme is thus a means of achieving these goals. Presently, integrated watershed management is receiving worldwide recognition as an effective model for watershed planning. A watershed is considered the basic geographical unit for developing any plan by integrating various social, economic, and policy factors with modern science. Hence, it is an approach to develop the basic resources for sustainable life support. The present study was conducted to assess the impacts of the watershed development programme on the social and biophysical aspects in a micro-watershed area of Cooch Behar district, West Bengal, India. This study confirmed that the project had positive effects that strengthened the socio-personal and economic characteristics of the farmers and improved the biophysical environment of the farms. The soil and water conservation efforts have increased the total cultivable area as well as improved the irrigation and drainage facilities in the micro-watershed units, thereby increasing the acreage and productivity of crops.
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Lu, Y., and M. Stocking. "Integrating biophysical and socio-economic aspects of soil conservation on the Loess Plateau, China. Part II. Productivity impact and economic costs of erosion." Land Degradation & Development 11, no. 2 (2000): 141–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1099-145x(200003/04)11:2<141::aid-ldr373>3.0.co;2-9.
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Hübner, Rico, Jie Lu, and Martin Wiesmeier. "Risk assessment within agricultural production: soil conservation strategies and its environmental and economic aspects - a case study for Bavaria." International Journal of Agricultural Resources, Governance and Ecology 13, no. 1 (2017): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijarge.2017.084031.
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Chumachenko, Oleksandr, Eughenia Kryvoviaz, and Irina Кolhanova. "RECOVERY OF AMMUNISTED POLLUTED LANDS: TECHNICAL-ECONOMIC AND ECOLOGICAL ASPECTS." Environmental Economics and Sustainable Development, no. 8(27) (2020): 79–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.37100/2616-7689/2020/8(27)/11.
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The present study addresses issues of regeneration of land,that was deteriorated during hostilities in the East of Ukraine, taking into account the characteristics and consequences of world military conflicts of the twentieth to twenty-first centuries. The causes of socio-economic and environmental problems in the conduct of hostilities are reflected and the foreign experience of the resumption of disturbed territories is analyzed. Regulatory and legal support for work plays an important role in the regeneration and return of land for use, concerning egeneration of land, certain legislative amendments and additions , application of GIS technologies in assessing the state of the territories and determining the level of damage , use of drones for search and rescue and for expediting clearance in open areas. Calculation of the cost of demining was proposed in accordance with the chosen methodology of demining, revival vectors of land damaged during hostilities are described. Possible alternative ways of renewing land are given on the example of one of soil conservation. We focused on the results of violated and contaminated territories; sources of financing for recultivation are suggested. Testing of the theoretical-methodologenic approaches used in the study was carried out during the renewal (recultivation) process of the agricultural land of Stepanivska Village Council, Shakhtarsk district, Donetsk oblast, that was deteriorated during hostilities. A set of works (measures) for the restoration of damaged and contaminated land in the area under study has been identified. A topical issue of the present time is the advisability and promising ways and means of using land contaminated by munitions, with the selection of the most effective foreign and domestic methods of resuming the affected territories.
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Dal Ferro, Nicola, Carlo Camarotto, Ilaria Piccoli, Antonio Berti, Jane Mills, and Francesco Morari. "Stakeholder Perspectives to Prevent Soil Organic Matter Decline in Northeastern Italy." Sustainability 12, no. 1 (2020): 378. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12010378.
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A transition from conventional to more sustainable soil management measures (SMMs) is required to reverse the current soil organic matter (SOM) losses in the agroecosystems. Despite the innovations and technologies that are available to prevent SOM decline, top–down knowledge transfer schemes that incentivize a certain measure are often ineffective. Here, we discuss relevant outcomes from a participatory approach where researchers, farmers, practitioners and government officials have discussed opportunities and barriers around SMM application to prevent SOM decline. Within a series of workshops, stakeholders identified, scored, and selected SMMs to field-tests and evaluated the benefits and drawbacks from their application. Results showed that the stakeholders recognized the need for innovations, although they valued the most promising SMM as already available continuous soil cover and conservation agriculture. In contrast, more innovative SMMs, such as biochar use and the variable rate application of organic amendments through precision farming, were the least valued, suggesting that people’s resistance to new technologies is often governed by the socio-cultural perception of them that goes beyond the economic and technological aspects. The valuation of benefits and drawbacks by stakeholders on trialed measures emphasized that stakeholders’ perspective about soil management is a combination of economic, environmental, and socio-cultural aspects, thus corroborating the need for transdisciplinary bottom–up approaches to prevent SOM depletion and increase soil rehabilitation and SOM content.
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Allen, Patricia, Debra Van Dusen, Jackelyn Lundy, and Stephen Gliessman. "Integrating social, environmental, and economic issues in sustainable agriculture." American Journal of Alternative Agriculture 6, no. 1 (1991): 34–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0889189300003787.
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AbstractIn the past several years, researchers, educators, policymakers, and activists have initiated sustainable agriculture programs and efforts the world over. This development has sometimes been accompanied by a sense that it is time to stop discussing sustainability at a conceptual level and get on with the work of making agriculture sustainable. Our perspective is that it is critical to pursue a comprehensive definition of sustainability in order to set sustainable agriculture priorities and ensure that sustainable agriculture takes a path that does not reproduce problems of conventional agriculture. In this paper we briefly review some popular definitions of sustainable agriculture and find that their focus is primarily on farm-level resource conservation and profitability as the main components of sustainability. Others have challenged this approach for either not examining the social aspects of sustainability or for containing an implicit assumption that working on the environmental, production, and microeconomic aspects of sustainability will automatically take care of its social aspects. We propose an expanded conceptualization of sustainability—one that focuses on the entire food and agriculture system at a global level and includes not only environmental soundness and economic viability, but social equity as well. In this perspective, issues such as poverty and hunger are as central to achieving agricultural sustainability as those of soil erosion and adequate farm returns.
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Kurtz, W. B., S. E. Thurman, M. J. Monson, and H. E. Garrett. "The use of agroforestry to control erosion — financial aspects." Forestry Chronicle 67, no. 3 (1991): 254–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.5558/tfc67254-3.
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A long-term study was initiated in northwest Missouri to evaluate the financial and biological aspects of adopting agroforestry systems by area farmers. Three "representative farms" of different sizes containing a composite mix of the most common soils in the region were developed and several agroforestry systems along with terracing and grass stripcropping were simulated for each farm size to reduce soil erosion from typical crop rotations on the highly erodible soils to tolerance (T) levels. Trees were planted in strips on the contour within row crops for each of the three representative farm sizes. Tree species included were black walnut for timber and nuts, Scotch pine for Christmas trees, and American sycamore for industrial fuelwood. Agroforestry enterprises (except biomass production) were found to be more profitable over the long run than conventional cropping systems utilizing conservation measures. Economies of size were noticeable among the different farm sizes. Key words: Agroforestry, erosion, economics, black walnut, veneer, nuts, sycamore, fuelwood, Scotch pine, Christmas trees
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Young, Douglas L., Paul L. Kanjo, and David J. Walker. "Cost Effectiveness and Equity Aspects of Soil Conservation Programs in a Highly Erodible Region." American Journal of Agricultural Economics 73, no. 4 (1991): 1053–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1242433.
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Borges, Larissa Stevanato, Ana Flávia Bilmayer, and Maristela Denise Moresco Mezzomo. "Identificação de áreas potenciais para criação de unidades de conservação no Vale do Rio Piquirí, Paraná." Ciência e Natura 40 (March 27, 2018): 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.5902/2179460x27549.
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In Brazil, Conservation Units are considered important instruments for institutionalizing nature conservation actions. Several aspects should be considered in the choice of new areas for creation of these, as environmental, social and economic elements. In this perspective, it is discussed the importance of considering, within the environmental aspect, geoecological criteria when choosing and delimiting new areas, mainly considering the conservation of soils, water and vegetation. Based on this discussion, specific criteria were applied to identify potential areas on the creation of new conservation units in five municipalities in the state of Paraná. The methodology followed studies already existing in the literature and the results were organized through representative figures. The final analysis of the discussion and application, demonstrates that the indicated areas present potential in terms of nature conservation, and that this potential is directly linked to attempts to conserve areas that are threatened by anthropic use and occupation.
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Romero-Díaz, A., E. Díaz-Pereira, and J. De Vente. "Ecosystem services provision by gully control. A review." Cuadernos de Investigación Geográfica 45, no. 1 (2019): 333. http://dx.doi.org/10.18172/cig.3552.
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Gully erosion causes severe damage to crops and infrastructures and affects the provision of ecosystem services worldwide. To assess the potential of gully control measures to protect ecosystem services and assess the conditions required for their large-scale implementation, this paper critically evaluates a range of gully control measures documented in the World Overview of Conservation Approaches and Technologies (WOCAT). Environmental and socio-economic impacts of technologies are assessed, as well as the implications for ecosystem services, costs and benefits of implementation, and stakeholder’s perception. It is demonstrated how gully control measures provide notable on-site and off-site benefits for socio-economic, cultural, ecological, and production goals, and to protect crucial ecosystem services. Control measures particularly contribute to soil and water conservation and to regulating ecosystem services by controlling soil erosion, water cycling, and natural hazards. Most effective control measures consist of combined vegetative and structural measures and of catchment wide interventions. While implementation of gully control can initially be expensive, on the long term, the cost-benefit ratio is usually positive. Moreover, the results emphasize the importance of evaluating control measures considering monetary aspects and all ecosystem services they provide. Nevertheless, individual farmers can often not afford the implementation and maintenance costs due to barriers for implementation and therefore require sustained institutional support.
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Bayarsaikhan, Battsetseg, Saruul Sukhbaatar, Zolzaya Battumur, and Oyunchimeg Tugjjav. "ECOLOGICAL AND ECONOMIC EVALUATION OF LAND USE IN ZAISAN SLOPE OF THE BOGD KHAN MOUNTAIN." International Journal of Social Science and Humanities Research-MIYR 1, no. 1 (2021): 11–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.53468/mifyr.2021.01.01.11.
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Abstract Mount Bogd Khan is the first protected place not only in Mongolia but also in the world. There are 3 protected zones in the reserve, and a few companies are only allowed to operate in a limited zone in the area according to the Law on Special Protected Areas of Mongolia. Nevertheless, many companies are operating in the area and the physical characteristics of the land are being damaged. For this reason, we aimed to identify the main aspects that lead to the ecological degradation of the natural environment. Our research is based on the study of local land use related to soil degradation through soil weakening assessment and ecological and economic evaluation, in order to propose conservation measures. The objectives are as follows: a) study the granted land, b) determine the soil erosion level of Zaisan slopes) estimate the ecological and economic valuation of soil. This research is used to develop proposals for protective measures through soil ecological assessment. Experimental uses method of soil field research, Tyurin method, methods for determining the volume and weight of soil, mapping for soil erosion and the ecological and economic valuation of the soil is calculated. The total area of Bogd Khan is 41651.0 ha, of which 55.0 percent is forest. The Zaisan slope has an area of 1086.5 ha. Of which 697.43 ha are not eroded. And the forest 482.3 ha, open area is 215.5 ha. Soil erosion has occupied 396 ha square. Of which 97.43 ha is highly eroded, 179.15 ha is medium eroded, and 119.42 ha is low eroded. The built-up area is 10.8 ha square, of which 4.1 ha is built up and 6.7 ha is roads. Zaisan slope is eroded resource of soil roots has reached 139.88 tons, total decrease of soil roots 49200.7 total decrease of soil roots /of revised/ 34626.2 ton. The total ecological and economic valuation of soil cover of Zaisan slope has reached 9.4 billion tugrug.
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Karyati, Karyati, Sri Sarminah, Karmini Karmini, Ali Muhammad Akbar, and Rifaldi Hermansyah. "Conservation and economic aspects of a combination of forestry-agricultural crops (Neolamarckia cadamba-Phaseolus vulgaris) and terrace systems in different slope classes." SAINS TANAH - Journal of Soil Science and Agroclimatology 18, no. 1 (2021): 98. http://dx.doi.org/10.20961/stjssa.v18i1.47708.
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The utilization of steep lands by planting forestry and agricultural species can provide benefits from soil-water conservation and economic aspects. The combination of planting <em>Neolamarckia cadamba-Phaseolus vulgaris</em> and terrace systems can increase land use values, such as soil conservation, crop production, and farmers’ income. The aim of this study was to analyze silvicultural, hydro-orological, and economic aspects of a combination of forestry-agricultural crops<em> </em>(<em>N. cadamba – P. vulgaris</em>) and terrace systems on two slope classes. Two study plots were established on a steep gradient (25–40%) and a very steep gradient (>40%). The results showed an annual increase in the average diameter and height of <em>N. cadamba</em> of 1.78 cm and 1.84 m, respectively on the steep slope, and 1.68 cm and 1.53 m, respectively on the very steep slope. The surface run off and erosion rate were lower on the steep ground compared to the very steep ground. Erosion hazard indices and levels on the plots in the steep slope and very steep slope were categorized as low and very low; meanwhile the erosion hazard class was I. The profit of <em>P. vulgaris cultivation </em>was IDR 9,360,000.00 ha<sup>–1</sup> per cropping season<sup> </sup>on steep slope and IDR 6,480,000.00 ha<sup>–1</sup> per cropping season on very steep slope. The planting of <em>P. vulgaris</em> as an intercropping plant to fill empty land in between <em>N. cadamba</em> can increase the economic value obtained from selling <em>P. vulgaris</em> in the short term until the leaves of the <em>N. cadamba</em> plant are linked. The combination of planting <em>N. cadamba–P. vulgaris</em> and terrace system on steep slopes is therefore more profitable not only from the economic perspective, but also in lowering runoff and potential erosion rates than on very steep lands.
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Stocking, M., and Y. Lu. "Integrating biophysical and socio-economic aspects of soil conservation on the Loess Plateau, China. Part I. Design and calibration of a model." Land Degradation & Development 11, no. 2 (2000): 125–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1099-145x(200003/04)11:2<125::aid-ldr372>3.0.co;2-2.
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Helviani, Helviani, Aan Wilhan Juliatmaja, Doddy Ismunandar Bahari, Masitah Masitah, and Husnaeni Husnaeni. "PEMANFAATAN DAN OPTIMALISASI LAHAN KERING UNTUK PENGEMBANGAN BUDIDAYA TANAMAN PALAWIJA DI DESA PUDAY KECAMATAN WONGEDUKU KABUPATEN KONAWE PROVINSI SULAWESI TENGGARA." Mitra Mahajana: Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat 2, no. 1 (2021): 49–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.37478/mahajana.v2i1.806.
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Land is one of the potential natural resources to be developed optimally to increase local revenue. Based on the availability of water, land is grouped into two major groups, which are wetland and dry land (upland). The use of dry land for agriculture is often ignored by policy makers. Problems in dry land management vary in each region, both technical and socio-economic aspects. However, with the right strategy and technology, these problems can be overcome. Efforts to manage dry land to increase food production face problems, including steep slopes, low soil fertility, and water shortages. These problems need to be overcome by applying the right technology. Dry land management technology is available, including management of soil fertility, soil conservation, land rehabilitation, and efficient management of water resources. The problem is the weak dissemination of innovative technology to farmers and the slow adoption of this technology. Utilization of dry land to increase food production requires appropriate planning and strategies.
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Lestari, Rizkia Ayu, Mahawan Karuniasa, Tri Edhi Budhi Soesilo, and Lana Saria. "Socio-Economic Strategy of Sustainability and Post-Mining Land Use in South Sumatra." E3S Web of Conferences 68 (2018): 02005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20186802005.
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This open-pit mining activity has a very helpful environmental potential, soil chemistry, erosion and sedimentation. Change in land use from mining actively after mining requires land and energy closure to ensure that the land is safe for and returned. In accordance with the local spatial pattern in Muara Enim, South Sumatra, the transfer of post-mining land after the dismissal of mining operations will be used as a conservation area managed by the mining community. The concept is an environmental addressing plan to determine the sustainability of various aspects of community life, including local sustainability, food environment, awareness, biodiversity, and sustainability. This study aims to ensure community sustainability after mining operations. The methodology that is an interview with Experts. The results of this research indicate that community empowerment in mining area can use one of the community's natural resource management strategies to ensure social sustainability with land use as agroforestry and integrated agricultural industries.
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Tiutiunnyk, Hanna. "Economic and environmental aspects of organization the territory of ecologically clean agricultural land." Economics, ecology, socium 2, no. 1 (2018): 64–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.31520/2616-7107/2018.2.1-6.
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Introduction. The foundation of the creation of ecologically clean land masses is the economic organization of the territory. The leading component of ecologically safe land use is the need to determine the suitability of land soils for the cultivation of raion crops and the maintenance of maximum soil quality adapted to the quality of crop rotation.
Aim and tasks. In the article the purpose of planning the organization of land mass structures is determined. The task of the internal land management is to formulate a strategy for using land masses that would maximally focus on the actions of land users in optimizing, transforming and using land to the natural conditions of the region.
Research results. Measures to create ecologically pure land masses are carried out directly at agricultural enterprises, therefore, agricultural land use is a prerequisite for them. The organization of agricultural land use envisages for business entities, the establishment of a warehouse, the transformation of lands and conservation of degraded and low productivity land, which at the present stage has become the most effective factor in the environmental optimization of land use. Agroecological organization of the territory includes measures on four systemic properties of agroecosystems: productivity, stability, stability and uniformity. All four properties are interrelated in agroecosystems. Without these links it is impossible to organize the territory in order to create conditions for rational use and protection of land, which is demanded by the agricultural land management system.
Conclusion. In the article the necessity of characterization of qualitative and quantitative characteristics of lands is grounded in order to find out the influence of the creation of the land mass and the appearance of possible dangers. The basic stages of the transition to environmentally safe agriculture and the formation of ecologically clean land masses have been determined. The types of development of the land mass are described: one-time and step-by-step. The complex problems that may be encountered by an enterprise of any ownership type in the transition to the maintenance of ecologically pure agriculture are determined. Creation of ecologically pure massifs of lands and agroecological organization of the territory includes a system of measures for the adaptation of agricultural production, agriculture to the peculiarities of the natural environment, along with the system of levers of state management of rational ecologically safe use of agricultural land. So the necessity of state support and motivation for enterprises planning to switch to the production of ecologically clean products and the formation of ecologically clean land masses has been substantiated.
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Lane, P. M. S., and B. E. Willoughby. "Helicropping - early adopters' experiences." Journal of New Zealand Grasslands 79 (January 1, 2017): 131–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.33584/jnzg.2017.79.573.
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Abstract Aerial establishment of pasture and crops in hill country in New Zealand has received mixed publicity. Popularly referred to as 'spray and pray' this detracts from the success some practitioners have achieved with 'helicropping', a highly structured process that has the potential to markedly change hill country farming. Four farmers with an average of 4.5 years (range 2 to 7 years) of helicropping in New Zealand hill country were interviewed using a semi-structured snowball technique. Cross-case analysis was used to analyse themes of learning experience of helicropping, crop establishment, utilisation and economics, and the management of potential risk of soil loss from hill country cropping and harvest. Generally, all aspects ranked highly in terms of success. However, there was a strong message that this was attributable to strictly following a prescribed process that reduced risks both to a profitable return and to soil conservation. Keywords: hill country, soil conservation, pasture renovation, no tillage
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Mazur, Viktor, Hanna Pantsyreva, and Yurii Kopytchuk. "CONSERVATION SOIL FERTILITY SOUND USE SYSTEM OF FERTILIZATION AND SEEDING RATE WINTER WHEAT." Agriculture and Forestry, no. 2 (October 30, 2020): 5–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.37128/2707-5826-2020-2-1.
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The biological yield potential of modern winter wheat varieties has been established. The market, changes of organizational and ownership structures in the agricultural sector are studied. The problem of stable and reliable production of winter wheat grain and improvement of its quality has been disclosed. The works of domestic and foreign scientists have been analyzed and their significant contribution to the creation of modern cultivation technology ensuring high profitability of winter wheat has been determined. Grain yields for competitive production are proved. The article is based on the importance in the technological regulation of cultivation of such components as rational fertilization, reasonable sowing norms, which allow to manage the production process of winter wheat crops and to receive high yields, to increase the economic efficiency of cultivation of crops. The efficiency of application of the increased background of fertilizer at the seeding rate of 3.0 million pieces is theoretically substantiated and experimentally proved. us. / ha to realize the genetic potential of winter wheat under the conditions of PE "Zetto", which is located in the village. Klekotina of Shargorod district, Vinnytsia region in the zone of Right-bank Forest Steppe of Ukraine. The system of agrotechnical measures and their combination in the technology of cultivation is optimized and economically justified, which ensures stable high yield and good quality of winter wheat grain. It is established that for optimization of production processes of plants and rational use of natural and climatic potential of the region and material and technical resources for the purpose of stable grain production. Taking into account the complex of unsolved problems concerning the optimal rate of sowing of winter wheat seeds on the increased backgrounds of fertilizers in relation to the specific soil and climatic conditions of cultivation and biological features of modern varieties and hybrids, technological aspects of cultivation are proposed, which preserve fertility. Key words: winter wheat, soil fertility, land use, variety, seeding rate, fertilizer system.
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Dinata, Alharia. "IDENTIFIKASI KERENTANAN EROSI TANAH BERDASARKAN PARAMETER MORFOMETRI DI SUB DAS KIKIM." JURNAL ILMIAH BERING'S 7, no. 02 (2020): 36–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.36050/berings.v7i02.275.
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Soil erosion is an environmental problem that occurs in many parts of the world because it involves ecological, social and economic aspects. Kikim sub-watershed is part of the Musi river area, most of the topographic conditions are flat slopes (54.64%), steep slopes with a total percentage of 12.81%. Meanwhile, hydrological conditions have a maximum daily rainfall with a high category so that the potential for erosion and flooding is very high. The purpose of this study was to identify soil erosion vulnerability based on morphometric parameters. The research data used DEM-SRTM 30 meters and then extracted into a map of the sub-watershed and river networks to calculate morphometric parameters. The method used was the weighted sum analysis (WSA) with a GIS application approach. The DEM data excavation found 11 (eleven) sub-watersheds with an area ranging from 81.26 km2 to 220.50 km2, and the total length of the river was 2221.24 km. Based on the weighted results of the WSA method, two sub-watersheds (SB3 and SB7) had very high soil erosion vulnerability, moderate soil erosion vulnerability in SB1, SB2, SB4, SB8, SB10, and SB11. Furthermore, the low soil erosion vulnerability (SB9), and very low soil erosion vulnerability were at SB5 and SB6. The results of this study could be used for conservation zone planning to control soil erosion.
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Alcalá Galván, Carlos Hugo, Ramón Héctor Barraza Guardado, Félix Ayala Álvarez, and Edgar Omar Rueda Puente. "Uso sustentable de agostaderos y el sistema vaca-cría en el Noroeste de México." Agronomía Mesoamericana 29, no. 2 (2018): 433. http://dx.doi.org/10.15517/ma.v29i2.29185.
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Livestock is an economic activity, dedicated to the breeding of animal species to take advantage of them and of its derivative products, as well as of livestock exploitation itself. However, when relating it to the sustainable use of natural resources in Northwest Mexico, there can be seen some situations that need to be addressed. The present study aims to analyze the production and conservation status of natural resources of beef cattle activity in the cow-calf system in Sonora, Mexico. The diagnosis was based on aspects of regionalization of livestock, the specific characteristics and issues of the systems, and the productive status of rangelands. The results showed that, despite the existence of signs of wildlife utilization and the importance of protecting the habitat status for livestock development in the state of Sonora, Mexico, it is important to implement a series of actions in order to increase the sustainable productivity of soil, soil water resources, the recovery of vegetation cover, improvement of livestock management practices, needs of research and technology transfer, as well as institutional linkage and training of professional human resources.
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Wang, Rui Jie, Lian Wei Yang, and Miao Jia. "The Assessment of Grassland Ecosystem Services Value with GIS Technology in HulunBuir City of China." Applied Mechanics and Materials 55-57 (May 2011): 1742–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.55-57.1742.
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The grassland ecosystem of HulunBuir city is an important component of ecology security system in Northeast China. In this study, net primary productivity (NPP), as an improtant ecological parameter, was used to estmate the services value. Considering the characteristic of satellite imagery, it is difficult to calculate some functions. So we calculated the services value from 6 aspects, including soil erosion control, water conservation, direct production, gas regulation, nutrient recycling and atmospheric environment purification. The total services value of grassland ecosystem was estimated in RMB to be aproximately 18.47×109Yuan in 2006, the average economic value of unit area was 15.4×104Yuan/km2. The direct production value was 1.23×109Yuan/year; and the contribution rate to total value was 6.66%. The water regulation value was the maximum, 9.09×109Yuan/year. Gas regulation value was 5.25×109Yuan/yea. The purify atmosphere value was minimal.
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Acharya, Ram Prasad, Tek Narayan Maraseni, and Geoff Cockfield. "Local Users and Other Stakeholders’ Perceptions of the Identification and Prioritization of Ecosystem Services in Fragile Mountains: A Case Study of Chure Region of Nepal." Forests 10, no. 5 (2019): 421. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f10050421.
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Forest-based ecosystem services (ES) play a vital role in improving people’s livelihoods, the environment, and the economy. Prior studies have focused on technical aspects of economic valuation such as biophysical quantification through modeling and mapping, or monetary valuation, while little attention has been paid to the social dimensions. Taking case studies of two dominant community-based forest management systems (community forestry—CF and collaborative forestry—CFM) in the Chure region of Nepal, we investigate how local users and other stakeholders perceive the valuation of forest-based ecosystem services based on proximity (nearby vs. distant users), socio-economic class (rich vs. poor users), and forest management modalities (CF vs. CFM). We found that local users and other stakeholders in the Chure region identified a total of 42 forest-based ecosystem services: 16 provisioning, 15 regulating, and 11 cultural services. While all local users prioritised firewood, water quality improvement, and bequest values as the top three services, genetic resources, hazard protection, and hunting services were valued as having the lowest priority. The priorities placed on other services varied in many respects. For instance, rich users living near a CF showed a strong preference for fodder, grasses, and soil conservation services whereas users living far from forests prioritised timber, fresh water, and flood control services. In the case of CFM, rich users adjacent to forests preferred timber, soil conservation, and carbon sequestration services but those living far from forests chose timber, poles, and flood control as their top priorities. Differences in rankings also occurred among the regional managers, national experts, and forest users. The reasons for these differences and their policy implications are discussed, and ways of reaching consensus between the users are suggested.
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Venkatesan, K., Anil Patidar, Maharaj Singh, et al. "Distribution, associated vegetation, conservation and utilization of Grewia tenax: an important underutilized shrub species of the Thar Desert of India." Plant Genetic Resources: Characterization and Utilization 17, no. 1 (2018): 73–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1479262118000370.
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AbstractGrewia tenax locally known as ‘Gangerun’, is an important multipurpose underutilized shrub and potentially threaten species of the Thar Desert of India. Owing to its importance, naturally available germplasm was collected and evaluated for its sustainable utilization in future. Data on individual mother plant, seed characters and soil profile were investigated. Habitat occurrence of G. tenax was found in patches with dominant association of Euphorbia caducifolia across the four districts of western Rajasthan. Individual plant on unprotected area portrayed far lower average height (0.95 m) and canopy area (1.75 m2) than protected area (2.63 m and 13.89 m2) signifying level of browsing pressure on this species in Jaisalmer. Soil samples belonging to Pali region have high organic carbon and low electrical conductivity content than Jaisalmer and Jodhpur. The statistical analysis of seed characters revealed the presence of high coefficient of variation (%) in 100-seed weight (HSW; 27.36) followed by seed length (SL; 8.06) and least in seed breadth (SB; 5.85). The range and mean values of HSW, SL, SB and length:breadth ratio (LBR) were (2.02–7.00 and 3.34 g), (4.36–6.15 and 5.36 mm), (3.73–4.68 and 4.25 mm) and (1.11–1.44 and 1.27), respectively. Significantly positive correlation was observed between SL and LBR (0.73) followed by HSW and SL (0.66). Along with these findings, its economic importance, utilization and conservation are detailed in this paper as to hasten further research on its various aspects for its successful conservation and utilization.
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Wang, Wei, and Shuya Wang. "Overview of eco-environmental impact of Xiaolangdi Water Conservancy Hub on the Yellow River." Open Geosciences 14, no. 1 (2022): 847–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/geo-2022-0397.
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Abstract Since the operation of Xiaolangdi (XLD) Water Conservancy Hub, the reservoir area has witnessed significant changes in eco-environment through the impoundment, and some suggestions can be put forward for the future ecological construction of reservoirs by comparing these changes. This article explores the variation of microclimate, soil erosion, forest and grass coverage, regional animal and plant diversity, and ecotourism resources in the past two decades, and summarizes the contributions of XLD to the following aspects: the eco-environment protection and restoration, the construction of an ecological corridor and a biodiversity conservation network, and the eco-economic development of the Yellow River Basin. On this basis, three suggestions were presented for the ecological construction of XLD in the future: (1) carry out the ecological evaluation of XLD reservoir; (2) implement high-quality afforestation and beautification of the reservoir area; and (3) build a smart ecological monitoring system for XLD.
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Chuai, Ce, Jiahao Zhao, and Ping Wei. "A comprehensive evaluation of forest value based on carbon sequestration stock prediction." BCP Business & Management 22 (July 15, 2022): 16–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.54691/bcpbm.v22i.1204.
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The increasing greenhouse effect globally, the excessive deforestation of forests and the weakening of forest carbon storage capacity have brought about drastic changes in the global climate and posed a great threat to the biosphere. Therefore, the issue of "making efficient use of forest carbon storage capacity and diversified value of forests" has attracted our attention. To better analyze the problem of carbon sequestration and forest value and formulate a reasonable forest management plan, this article established two models: the "grey system model" and "BP neural network prediction model." The two models used China's forest inventory data in the past 40 years to predict that the average value of total forest carbon sequestration in China in a hundred years is 189.37×108t. Aiming at the problem of forest value evaluation, this article apply "grey correlation analysis method," "main component analysis model," and "fuzzy comprehensive evaluation model." This article considers the value of forests from two aspects: ecological value and economic value. In terms of ecological value: this article found that forests have various values such as "carbon sequestration, water conservation, soil conservation, and biodiversity maintenance"; Most forests have a "U-shaped transition period" in carbon sequestration capacity. "Tree age and tree composition structure" are the main factors affecting carbon sequestration capacity. In terms of economic value, this article found that "increasing the proportion of young trees and suitable for the production of forest products" is a good way to increase the economic value of forests. In addition, the research shows that there are obvious differences in the degree of carbon sequestration capacity and economic value of forests in different climate areas such as "subtropical zone, warm temperate zone, and middle temperate zone.".
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Wang, Rui Jie, and Lian Wei Yang. "Calculation of Services Value for Grassland Ecosystem in HulunBuir City." Key Engineering Materials 474-476 (April 2011): 1611–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.474-476.1611.
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Calculating the value of ecosystem services may improve economic efficiency and play an important role in protecting ecosystems.The grassland ecosystem of HulunBuir city is an important component of ecology security system in Northeast China and is the typical belt transect of International Geosphere Biosphere Programme global change study. In this study, net primary productivity (NPP), as an improtant ecological parameter, was used to estmate the services value. Considering the characteristic of satellite imagery, it is difficult to calculate some functions. So we calculated the services value from four aspects, including soil erosion control, water conservation, direct production and gas regulation. The total services value of grassland ecosystem was estimated in RMB to be aproximately 18.47×109Yuan in 2006 (Chinese currency, 7.78 Yuan=US$1), the average economic value of unit area was 15.4×104Yuan/km2. The direct production value was 1.23×109Yuan/year; and the contribution rate to total value was 6.66%. Indirect services value was 17.24×109Yuan/year, and the contribution rate to total value was 93.34%. Indirect services value was far more than direct production value. For the indirect services value, the water regulation value was the maximum, 9.09×109Yuan/year. Gas regulation value was 5.25×109Yuan/year, contributing 28.42% to the total value.
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Bao, Rui, Tao Li, Xinyi Zhang, et al. "Study on forest ecosystem damage assessment system and management system." Sustainable Forestry 5, no. 2 (2022): 50. http://dx.doi.org/10.24294/sf.v5i2.1628.
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Ecological environment damage events will destroy or damage the balance between animal and plant habitats and ecosystems, and even pose a threat to China’s ecological security. However, at present, there are some problems in the identification and evaluation of forest ecosystem damage, such as imperfect evaluation system, insufficient quantitative evaluation methods, imperfect damage compensation management system, and lack of analysis of the overall damage of the interaction between human activities and forest ecosystem. Based on the damaged object, the system involves a total of four first-class indicators, including physical damage, mental damage, economic forest fruit loss, forest by-products loss, processing and manufacturing loss, forest tourism loss, scientific research literature and history loss, soil conservation loss, water conservation loss, wind prevention and sand fixation loss, carbon fixation and oxygen release loss, atmospheric purification loss. There are 14 secondary indicators of emergency treatment fee and investigation and evaluation fee, as well as 22 tertiary indicators, and the value quantification method of each indicator is clarified by using market value method, alternative cost method, shadow engineering method, recovery cost method and other methods. The article also discusses the management system of forest ecosystem damage from the two aspects of forestry technology department and judicial administration department. The purpose is to provide reference for the quantification and standardization of forest ecosystem damage assessment technology and the improvement of management system.
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Rusastra, I. Wayan, and NFN Erwidodo. "Growth, Equity and Environmental Aspects of Agricultural Development in Indonesia." Forum penelitian Agro Ekonomi 16, no. 1 (2016): 32. http://dx.doi.org/10.21082/fae.v16n1.1998.32-41.
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<p><strong>English</strong><br />The challenge of sustaining agricultural development consists of three complementary and synergies dimensions, i.e. maintaining economic growth, promoting equity and protecting the environment. Price support policy is essential for enhancing technological adoption, increasing output and farmer income. In addition, dynamic institutional and vision of agricultural development, efficiency improvement and technological generation played an important role in the production strategy. Off-Java wetland rice farmers have greater opportunities to gain production through enhanced technical or economic efficiency by improving their managerial skills. In contrast, for dry land rice and secondary crops' farmers, only research and technological breakthrough can solve the low productivity problems and increase farmers' income. Poverty alleviation requires comprehensive efforts that should be conducted in a simultaneous manner. However, the monetary and economic crisis recently faced by the government, provides strong reasons to focus attention on agriculture and rural development availing the best chance to stimulate sustainable growth that address food security, poverty and income distribution concerns. The government has implemented some programs dealing with sustainable agricultural development. Some of those programs were successfully implemented such as integrated pest management (IPM) and Brantas watershed resource management. On the other hand, soil conservation technologies such as alley cropping and timber-food crops farming system (TFS) have difficulties for wider implementation. To promote the implementation of those technologies, the farmer have to be facilitated with better economic environment and land ownership rights for legal certainty on cultivated land.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Indonesian</strong><br />Tantangan pembangunan pertanian berkelanjutan mencakup tiga faktor yang bersifat sinergis dan komplementer yaitu mempertahankan laju pertumbuhan, pengurangan kemiskinan dan mencegah kerusakan lingkungan. Kebijaksanaan harga yang diterapkan selama ini dinilai telah berhasil mendorong adopsi teknologi, peningkatan produksi, dan pendapatan petani. Disamping itu pengembangan kelembagaan dan visi pembangunan pertanian secara dinamis, peningkatan efisiensi dan penciptaan teknologi baru telah memainkan peranan penting dalam strategi peningkatan produksi. Bagi petani padi sawah khususnya di luar Jawa masih terbuka peluang cukup besar untuk mendapatkan tambahan produksi melalui perbaikan efisiensi usahatani dengan memperbaiki kemampuan manajemen petani. Bagi petani lahan kering dan palawija, hanya penelitian dan terobosan teknologi baru yang dapat memecahkan masalah peningkatan produksi dan pendapatan petani. Upaya pengentasan kemiskinan membutuhkan program yang komprehensif dan perlu dilaksanakan secara simultan. Namun dalam situasi krisis moneter dan mampu mempertahankan keberlanjutan pembangunan dengan sasaran utama peningkatan ketahanan pangan, pengurangan kemiskinan, dan perbaikan distribusi pendapatan. Pemerintah telah menerapkan beberapa program yang berkaitan dengan proteksi sumberdaya alam dan lingkungan> Beberapa program telah berhasil dilaksanakan secara memadai seperti pemberantasan hama terpadu (PHT) dan pengelolaan daerah aliran sungai seperti Daerah Aliran Sungai (DAS) Brantas. Di lain pihak program konservasi tanah dan air seperti teknologi tanaman lorong dan sistem usahatani tumpang sari tanaman keras dan komoditas pangan menghadapi tantangan dalam pengembangannya. Dalam mendorong implementasinya di lapangan petani perlu difasilitasi dengan kredit, ketersediaan sarana produksi, penyuluhan dan pembinaan, serta kepastian hukum dalam penguasaan lahan.</p>
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Buck, Stuart, Joe Rolfe, Craig Lemin, and Bernie English. "Adoption, profitability and future of leucaena feeding systems in Australia." Tropical Grasslands-Forrajes Tropicales 7, no. 4 (2019): 303–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.17138/tgft(7)303-314.
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Keynote paper presented at the International Leucaena Conference, 1‒3 November 2018, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.Leucaena (Leucaena leucocephala ssp. glabrata) is a highly palatable and productive forage used mainly by beef producers on extensive properties in northern Australia. When sown into native or sown grass pastures, leucaena provides significant production, economic, environmental and social benefits. Adoption of leucaena was slow initially due to a range of technical, agronomic and landscape factors. These have now been largely overcome through extensive research, development, producer experience and other advances, resulting in around 130,000 ha of cultivated leucaena being utilized across northern Australia.A range of aspects will need to be addressed if the adoption of leucaena is to be accelerated into the future. These include environmental concerns, especially potential weediness, and a range of technological needs, including soil nutritional requirements, grazing and toxicity management, opportunities for companion fodder systems and conservation options. Advances in technology and the ongoing need for a high-quality, profitable and sustainable perennial forage will ensure the continued adoption of leucaena across northern Australia for the foreseeable future.
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Pieroni, Osvaldo. "Presente e futuro della cultura contadina." SOCIOLOGIA URBANA E RURALE, no. 87 (June 2009): 206–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/sur2008-087012.
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- While a re-evaluation of the peasant role is emerging at the scientific level, public and institutional opinion is still influenced by the classical image of antimodern peasants. In the last years, rural sociologists and some agrarian economists have emphasized the persistence of the "peasant model of farming". Considering the present food and environmental crises, the new functions developed in the family farm represent a structural change, both in social and economic terms. By proposing the definition of strategic fertility as a specific relationship with the soil in view of a durable reproduction, the author is outlining the new relevant aspects of the peasant culture. Key words: peasant culture; peasant agriculture; family farm; land; biological fertility; co-evolution.
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Nada, I. Made, I. Wayan Redana, I. G. B. Sila Dharma, and A. A. Gde Agung Yana. "Model Penataan Lahan Penanggulangan Erosi Berbasis Masyarakat Di Kawasan Danau Batur." Bumi Lestari Journal of Environment 18, no. 1 (2018): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.24843/blje.2018.v18.i01.p01.
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Erosion control in the community-based Lake Batur area is directed to maintain the balance of Lake Batur. Erosion triggered by the pattern of management of agricultural lands less attention to aspects of soil and water conservation. The purpose of this research is; (1) to obtain a community-based erosion control model, (2) Land management Mapping on the edge of the lake, (3) erosion control strategy at the edge of the lake. This research field experiment and surpei, sampling is done by purposive sampling with amount of 64 sample. The socio-economic support data of the community was determined by 180 respondents in cluster sampling. Interviews and questionnaires are closed questions on a conventional scale. The characteristics of the lake were analyzed descriptive statistics using the SPSS tool. Land mapping is done by GPS method with GIS device. Predict erosion using the Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE) Model, for sedimentation using the Stanford Sediment model. The analysis of the rate due to erosion, done by non linear regression analysis. The analysis shows that the settlement has an average of 115,85%, plantation 245,50% and sedimentation level 1,017,93 m3 / year. Sedimentation was tested on both sides with a 95% confidence level on the modeled sediment data. Conclusions to tackle erosion using a community-based Terracing Mekar land arrangement model that collaborates with elephant grass and vetiveria.
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Kadir, Syarifuddin, and Eka Farma. "Power Recovery Support Tabunio Watershed Based on Analysis of Erosion Based on Geographic Information System in the Province of South Kalimantan." Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences 8, no. 4-1 (2017): 73–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/mjss-2018-0075.
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Abstract Watershed Tabunio is one of the watershed in the Province of South Kalimantan which has an important role to support the environmental aspects and socio-economic aspects, it is caused by the upstream part of the watershed there are different types of land use can increase the rate of erosion, the flow surface, also on the middle and downstream utilized by the Tanah Laut for agriculture, plantation and fisheries. This study aims to determine the level of erosion, which is useful as a reference for determining the direction of land use for the carrying capacity of watershed restoration efforts Tabunio. This research method using a regional approach ecological watershed analysis process and presentation done spatially through Geographic Information Systems. The results showed that: a) Amount highest erosion 219,08 ton/ha/yr on Land Unit 3B (mining land use with a gradient of 3-8%), while the lowest amount of erosion 11,44 ton/ha/yr on Land Unit 8 (use secondary dry forest with gradients of 25-40%); b) The level of erosion is very light Danger land unit 8 on the use of secondary dry forest on the slope of 25-40%), while other land units at the rate of moderate to severe erosion. Recovery of the carrying capacity of the watershed Tabunio lower the rate of erosion through soil and water conservation vegetatively and civil engineering (mechanical).
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Antoninova, N. Yu, L. S. Rybnikova, Yu O. Slavikovskaya, and L. A. Shubina. "Environmental and Economic Aspects of Selecting Reclamation Directions for Industrial Mining and Metallurgical Waste Disposal Sites." Mining Industry Journal (Gornay Promishlennost), no. 1S/2022 (March 16, 2022): 71–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.30686/1609-9192-2022-1s-71-77.
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Anthropogenic geoecology was developed at the end of the 20th century, but continues to face challenges in an integrated methodological approach to assessing the pollution of territories with long-term consequences of natural resource extraction. The consequences of extraction and primary processing of natural raw materials are the lack of effective control over the territories once the ore mining is completed. In order to develop effective methods to control the development of hazardous natural and man-made processes in the areas of inactive waste disposal facilities, it is necessary to analyze a sufficiently large set of data, including the condition of ground and surface waters, soils, flora, the efficiency of waste disposal facilities protection from direct or indirect impact on the natural environment. Research on modeling the processes of transfer and accumulation of pollutants includes a general assessment of the direction of man-made flows and selection of vegetation for phytoremediation of territories along the boundaries of the facilities as well as the direction of pollutant migration. The impact of mining facilities (dumps, tailings reservoirs) is directly correlated with the time of their existence, the toxicity and the rate of transformation of the components contained, the economic efficiency of their further utilization or conservation. Thus, the methodological approach to the rehabilitation of environmentally disadvantageous areas in places where mining and primary processing of resources is completed requires integration of several techniques and methods to assess the existing environmental situation. It also includes the speed and direction of its evolvement, and the economic assessment of damage to the natural environment. The introduction of tested recovery techniques will prevent the expansion of territories with irreversible destruction of geosystems, which led to a complete loss of productivity of the reproducing resources.
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Cochard, Roland, Bien Thanh Vu, and Dung Tri Ngo. "Acacia Plantation Development and the Configuration of Tree Farmers’ Agricultural Assets and Land Management—A Survey in Central Vietnam." Land 10, no. 12 (2021): 1304. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land10121304.
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Since 1990 acacia-based tree plantations have fast expanded in Vietnam, now supporting a multi-billion-dollar export-oriented wood industry which is transforming from woodchip production to value-added products. Within this dynamic context, tree farmer associations have started to produce sawlogs under FSC (Forest Stewardship Council) certification. In this paper, we retrace the development of plantation assets, investigating farmers’ current livelihoods and land management, specifically considering various aspects of sustainability. We interviewed 180 tree farmers in three districts (lowland–upland regions) of Thừa Thiên Huế Province, including sawlog producers with and without FSC and smallholder producers of woodchips. Acacia planting in ‘barren lands’ was initiated through state programs in the 1990s (low-/midlands) and 2010s (uplands). Farmers now producing FSC sawlogs were among the first to gain forestland tenure; they now own large plantations (on good terrain), are in tune with policies and maintain resources/capacities to adopt management in line with FSC standards. Yet, most farmers also retain plots for easy-to-manage and low-risk woodchip production. Soil/vegetation conservation depends on farmers’ status/capacities and environmental awareness; FSC membership added economic-political benefits. Findings are discussed within a regional historic context. Plantations contribute to economic development, but issues persist/emerged in terms of land equity and environmental governance, risks (e.g., plant pathogens), and spaces/impetus for farm-based innovation and adaptiveness.
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Li, Yangbiao, Chen Zeng, Zhixin Liu, Bingqian Cai, and Yang Zhang. "Integrating Landscape Pattern into Characterising and Optimising Ecosystem Services for Regional Sustainable Development." Land 11, no. 1 (2022): 140. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land11010140.
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Humans benefit from ecosystem services (ES) and profoundly influence the ecosystem in rapid urbanisation and large-scale urban sprawl contexts, especially at the landscape level. However, the impacts of landscape pattern, the driving mechanism of sub-ES and the spatially explicit regional optimisation, have been largely ignored. In response, to the present paper explores two primary aspects: the relationship among ES, landscape pattern, urban income and agricultural output, and the regional governance of optimised ES values (ESV), using the Wuhan urban agglomeration as a case study area. The survey method is employed in obtaining the adjusted magnitude matrix of land use and ecosystem services. Spatial regression analyses are conducted on each ES, including food provision, climate regulation and soil maintenance, with socio-economic indicators and landscape pattern index as explanatory variables. Finally, geographically weighted regression and scenario analyses are conducted on each sub-ESV to generate adjusted coefficients in each county for ESV regulation. The results show that urban per capita disposable income and agricultural output significantly contribute to ESV change, with the former being negative and the latter being positive. A highly aggregated landscape also produces reduced ESV, particularly in soil maintenance and gas and climate regulation. We summarise the ESV in 2020 and in the period after adjustment in different administrative counties. Provision, regulation and culture ecosystem benefits substantially increase when attempts are made to lower the landscape aggregation pattern by 1%. In general, counties and county-level cities have the largest ESV, with food provision as the optimum ecosystem benefit. Districts in the capital city show an immense growth in provision and regulation, and county-level cities show the highest growth rate in cultural service. Integrating the landscape pattern into characterising and optimising ES, provides references for regional governance on land-use planning and socio-economic development, which is vital to sustainable regional development.
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Nada, I. Made, Ida Bagus Suryatmaja, and I. Gusti Ngurah Alit Wiswasta. "MODEL PENANGGULANGAN SEDIMENTASI DANAU BERBASIS MASYARAKAT DI PULAU BALI." Bumi Lestari Journal of Environment 17, no. 2 (2017): 100. http://dx.doi.org/10.24843/blje.2017.v17.i02.p02.
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Countermeasures of community-based lake sediments are directed at maintaining the dynamic balance of Lake Batur, Beratan Lake, Lake Buyan and Lake Tamblingan. Sedimentation process of this lake is triggered by the pattern of management of agricultural land on the edge of the lake is less attention to aspects of soil and water conservation. The purpose of this research is; (1) to obtain a community-based sedimentation prevention model, (2) Mapping Land management on the edge of the lake, (3) erosion control strategy at the edge of the lake. This research is field experiment and surpei research, sampling is done by purposive sampling at Batur Lake 20 samples, Beratan Lake 16 samples, Lake Buyan 16 samples and Danau Tamblingan 12 Sampel. The socio-economic support data of the community was determined by 180 respondents in cluster sampling. Interviews and questionnaires are closed questions on a conventional scale. Characteristics of the lake were analyzed descriptive statistics using SPSS analysis tool. Land mapping is done by GPS method with GIS device. Predict erosion using the Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE) Model while for sedimentation using the Stanford Sediment model. Data analysis to find out the model of development of sedimentation rate in lake due to erosion that happened, done by non linear regreresi analysis. The results of the analysis are tested on both sides with 95% confidence level on sediment data that is modeled whether or not significant effect
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Ribeiro, Simone Cardoso, and Sinara Gomes de Sousa. "O ETNOCONHECIMENTO GEOMORFOLÓGICO APLICADO AO ORDENAMENTO TERRITORIAL NAS PEQUENAS COMUNIDADES TRADICIONAIS." CLIO – Arqueológica 32, no. 3 (2017): 158. http://dx.doi.org/10.20891/clio.v32n3p158-179.
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O presente trabalho debruça-se sobre dois conceitos, o de Etnogeomorfologia e o de ordenamento territorial. Primeiramente fizemos a caracterização geoambiental dos municípios para reconhecimento dos aspectos físico/naturais e sociais das áreas pesquisadas; aplicação de entrevistas roteirizadas utilizando a técnica ‘Bola de Neve’; e levantamento dos dados. No total foram entrevistados 77 produtores rurais. Destaca-se aqui, a importância da valorização do saber popular, pois os sertanejos como conhecedores das potencialidades e limitações do ecossistema, planejam e ordenam seu território na busca de uma melhor viabilização de suas atividades econômicas, tendo em vista a conservação do meio ambiente.GEOMORPHOLOGICAL ETHNO-KNOWLEDGE APPLIED TO TERRITORIAL PLANNING IN SMALL TRADITIONAL COMMUNITIESABSTRACTThe present work focuses on two concepts, that of ethno-geomorphology and that of territorial planning. At first a geoenvironmental characterization of the municipalities was conducted in order to recognize the physical/natural and social aspects of the surveyed areas; following controlled interviews were applied using the 'Snowball' technique and data evaluation. Altogether, 77 rural producers were interviewed, 54 in the municipality of Farias Brito and 23 in the municipality of Granjeiro, State of Ceará. The study highlighted the importance of the valorization of popular knowledge, as pointed out by the attitude of the drylands peasants, who apply their knowledge of the potentialities and limitations of the ecosystem in order to plan and organize their territory searching to improve the viability of their economic activities, coupled with the conservation of the environmental resources.Keywords: Ethnogeomorphology; Planning; Use and soil occupation.
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Starykh, S. A., I. G. Perepelkin, D. I. Raspopin, and I. G. Kuzmicheva. "Regional aspect of digitalization of the agricultural sector in modern conditions." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1010, no. 1 (2022): 012083. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1010/1/012083.
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Abstract Digitalization of agriculture is necessary to improve the efficiency and sustainability of its functioning through radical changes in the quality of management of both technological processes and decision-making processes at all levels of the hierarchy, based on modern ways of production and further use of information on the state and forecasting of possible changes in managed elements and subsystems, as well as economic conditions in agriculture. The world practice and experience of successful domestic agricultural producers show that the application of modern digital technologies allows to form optimal soil-agro-technical and organizational-territorial conditions, ensuring during the whole life cycle of agricultural products a significant increase in yield and productivity, reduction of material costs for fuel and lubricants, electricity, plant protection products, labor and other types of expenses, conservation of soil fertility and environmental protection. However domestic producers of agricultural products and foodstuffs lag behind agricultural producers of countries with developed agroindustrial complex in such significant indicators as labor productivity, crop yields etc. due to the long absence of conditions for investments and the low level of provision with modern information technologies existing at the moment. This article examines the current state and directions of development of the digitalization of the agricultural sector of Kursk region. The problems of digitalization of the agroindustrial complex are identified, and the key directions of digitalization of agriculture are described.
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Otzen, Uwe. "Reflections on the Principles of Sustainable Agricultural Development." Environmental Conservation 20, no. 4 (1993): 310–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0376892900023493.
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Of the renewable resources of The Biosphere, agricultural land, including its water resources, is very high among the most important, because it is elemental for human and domestic-animal life. The stability and sustained fertility of the soil largely depend on both prevailing soil–climate conditions and on anthropogenic influences.There are strict limits to the human interference which soil substrates, ground, soil, and surface water, flora, fauna, and microorganisms, can tolerate under moderate, let alone subtropical and tropical, soil–climate conditions. Economic, social, and aesthetic, yield of agricultural resources is limited even where economically and technically optimal use is made of capital and labour. A ‘maximum sustainable yield’ varies as a function of the soil–climate location, the established land-use system, and the technology applied, but only as long as this yield is not exceeded is the enduring availability of the resource ensured.With the demand for land and energy to produce food and agricultural raw materials rising throughout the world, per caput food production continuing to fall (especially in Africa), and the cultivated area per caput declining worldwide, the urgent question for the long term is how to preserve the natural resources of water, soil, and vegetation cover, and how to arrest desertification, deforestation, salinization, soil degradation, and soil erosion.These reflections centre on the call for farming systems which are suited to given locations and do no harm to the environment, and also for sustainability of agricultural production—two aspects which have been badly neglected in the past. The necessary simultaneous tasks of developing farming systems and preserving resources, can be tackled only in relation to specific locations and in a conducive development ‘climate’, where appropriate general conditions prevail. As a rule, the microeconomic development options for coping with these tasks can be improved only at a supra-farm and community level, and require new, environmentally oriented national agricultural and rural development policies.
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Sokołowska, Justyna, Agnieszka Józefowska, and Tomasz Zaleski. "Humus horizon development during natural forest succession process in the Polish Carpathians." Journal of Mountain Science 19, no. 3 (2022): 647–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11629-021-6836-x.
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AbstractAs a result of socio-economic changes and land abandonment, the main ecological driver of the Carpathian landscape is the progression of the natural forest succession process. Thus, aspects of this process have become worthy of attention, especially in the context of carbon sequestration and the management of protected areas. Soil processes, especially within the topsoil, are some of the most susceptible to change, due to the accumulation of organic matter during such land-use transformations. The purposes of this study were to investigate the differences in topsoil development using the A Horizon Development Index (ADI) and to study the composition of humic substances and advanced organic matter humification in different land-use areas in selected Carpathian national parks, i.e. Bieszczady, Magura and Pieniny National Parks in southern Poland. Additionally, a goal of this study was to compare the ADI and the spectroscopic coefficients of humic substances as indicators of the degree of humus horizon shaping as well as advanced organic matter humification. In total, ten transects were selected, each consisting of three different land-use areas: semi-natural meadow, successional forest and old-growth forest. Soil colour was determined in fresh and air-dried samples using the Munsell colour chart. In air-dried soil samples pH, soil texture, total organic carbon and total nitrogen were measured. Humic substances were extracted and further characterized by UV-VIS spectroscopy. The ADI confirmed the influence of natural forest succession on soil colour darkening and the development of the uppermost soil layer. Spectroscopic analyses of humic substances showed two different patterns depending on soil depth. In the 0–10 cm layer, natural forest succession reduced the rate of the humification process and decreased the degree of maturity of fulvic acids; in the 10–20 cm layer, it led to an increase in the rate of the humification process and a decrease in the content of humic and fulvic acids at the beginning of the transformation. The comparison of two different indicators of soil development — the ADI and the spectroscopic coefficients of humic substances (Q4/6, Q2/4, Q2/3, Δ log K) — indicated that these indexes are based on different features of soil and cannot be used interchangeably.
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Islam, Kazi Kamrul, Mohammad Saifullah, and Kimihiko Hyakumura. "Does Traditional Agroforestry a Sustainable Production System in Bangladesh? An Analysis of Socioeconomic and Ecological Perspectives." Conservation 1, no. 1 (2021): 21–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/conservation1010003.
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In the tropics, products and services provided by the traditional agroforestry systems (TAS) support the basic needs and promote the livelihood of millions of rural people. However, the outcomes and mitigation of TAS, in particular, the social and environmental issues are not systematically addressed. Thus, the objective of the study was to assess the economic, social and environmental outcomes of two important TAS in Bangladesh. This study reports results on prospective analyses using the Date palm and Jackfruit-based TAS practiced in the Jashore and Mymensingh districts of Bangladesh. The results revealed that the TAS enhanced farm productivity and the benefit–cost ratio of both systems were much higher than the general agricultural practices in Bangladesh. The TAS also improved resilience of rural farmers through more efficient water utilization, enhancing soil fertility, improving microclimate, controlling pests and diseases, and diversifying products. At the same time, the farmers’ problems were neglected due to the absence of farmers’ platforms, and also tradeoffs may arise; thus, the social aspects of the TAS farmers had not developed equally. Therefore, the study would recommend minimizing the tradeoffs through enhancing the conservation strategies at farmers’ levels to make the TAS more viable and sustainable land-use practices.
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Yang, Wu, Zhang Min, Mingxing Yang, and Jun Yan. "Exploration of the Implementation of Carbon Neutralization in the Field of Natural Resources under the Background of Sustainable Development—An Overview." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 21 (2022): 14109. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192114109.
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On 15 March 2021, Chinese President Xi Jinping pointed out that “achieving carbon peak and carbon neutrality is a broad and profound economic and social systemic change” and called for “putting energy and resources conservation in the first place”. Natural resources are the material basis, space carrier and energy source of high-quality development. The source of carbon emissions is resource utilization, and carbon reduction and removal also depend on resources. The improvement of carbon sink capacity is inseparable from natural resources. To achieve the goal of “double carbon”, it is necessary to consolidate the carbon sink capacity of the ecosystem, as well as enhancing its carbon sink increment. Among natural resources, forest carbon sinks, soil carbon sinks and karst carbon sinks have significant emission reduction potential and cost advantages, representing important means to deal with climate change. This paper reviews the relevant research results at home and abroad, summarizes the carbon sink estimation, carbon sink potential, carbon sink influencing factors, ecological compensation mechanism and other aspects, analyzes the path selection of establishing carbon sink green development, and puts forward corresponding policies and suggestions, providing a theoretical reference for the achievement of the carbon neutrality goal in the field of natural resources in China.