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Journal articles on the topic 'Economic aspects of Submerged lands'
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1
Chumachenko, Oleksandr, Eughenia Kryvoviaz, and Irina Кolhanova. "RECOVERY OF AMMUNISTED POLLUTED LANDS: TECHNICAL-ECONOMIC AND ECOLOGICAL ASPECTS." Environmental Economics and Sustainable Development, no. 8(27) (2020): 79–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.37100/2616-7689/2020/8(27)/11.
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The present study addresses issues of regeneration of land,that was deteriorated during hostilities in the East of Ukraine, taking into account the characteristics and consequences of world military conflicts of the twentieth to twenty-first centuries. The causes of socio-economic and environmental problems in the conduct of hostilities are reflected and the foreign experience of the resumption of disturbed territories is analyzed. Regulatory and legal support for work plays an important role in the regeneration and return of land for use, concerning egeneration of land, certain legislative amendments and additions , application of GIS technologies in assessing the state of the territories and determining the level of damage , use of drones for search and rescue and for expediting clearance in open areas. Calculation of the cost of demining was proposed in accordance with the chosen methodology of demining, revival vectors of land damaged during hostilities are described. Possible alternative ways of renewing land are given on the example of one of soil conservation. We focused on the results of violated and contaminated territories; sources of financing for recultivation are suggested. Testing of the theoretical-methodologenic approaches used in the study was carried out during the renewal (recultivation) process of the agricultural land of Stepanivska Village Council, Shakhtarsk district, Donetsk oblast, that was deteriorated during hostilities. A set of works (measures) for the restoration of damaged and contaminated land in the area under study has been identified. A topical issue of the present time is the advisability and promising ways and means of using land contaminated by munitions, with the selection of the most effective foreign and domestic methods of resuming the affected territories.
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Zhichkin, K. A., and A. L. Petrosjan. "Economic Aspects of Damage Determination from Agricultural Lands Non-targeted Use." IZVESTIYA OF SARATOV UNIVERSITY. NEW SERIES. SERIES: ECONOMICS. MANAGEMENT. LAW 16, no. 1 (March 18, 2016): 90–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.18500/1994-2540-2016-16-1-90-96.
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Tokbergenova, A., Sh Kairova, and L. Kiyassova. "Geographical aspects of economic assessment of agricultural lands of Almaty agglomeration." Journal of Geography and Environmental Management 46, no. 3 (2017): 4–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.26577/jgem.2017.3.456.
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Musiał, Wiesław, and Kamila Musiał. "DEANIMALISATION PROCESSES IN THE POLISH CARPATHIANS – PRODUCTION, ECONOMIC AND ECOLOGICAL ASPECTS." Annals of the Polish Association of Agricultural and Agribusiness Economists XXI, no. 4 (November 21, 2019): 331–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0013.5912.
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This paper addresses a current issue regarding the increasing problem of a decreasing cattle population in the Polish Carpathians. The problem exacerbated after 1990, as a result of changes in prices of the means of production and agricultural products. It intensified even further after Poland joined the EU. The decrease in cattle population is observed in all districts in the Carpathians. This article includes a diagnosis of four such districts: two with the highest decrease (Łańcut: -67.0% and Sucha: -52.6%) and two with the smallest decrease in cattle population (Bieszczdy: -8.1% and Wadowice: -11.5%). Expert assessments were used to this end. The article includes a definition and analysis of the deanimalisation process and an indication of the consequences of this process in agriculture, in the local environment and in the broadly understood ecological context. It follows from the research that favourable natural conditions, good for breeding ruminants, largely determine high cattle density but, at the same time, these conditions do not impact the decrease in the cattle population to such an extent. The decrease is related to the low concentration of herds, generational changes and the disappearance of local dairy markets. As a result of progressing deanimalisation, abandoned meadows and pastures, as well as part of arable lands, are being permanently lost. Instead, these lands become overgrown with invasive plant species and shrubbery.
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Rulev, Alexander, and Gleb Rulev. "Ecological and Economic Aspects of Land Desertification." Vestnik Volgogradskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Ekonomika, no. 3 (December 2019): 158–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.15688/ek.jvolsu.2019.3.14.
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Agricultural lands of the Russian Federation are intensively subjected to degradation and desertification as a result of irrational economic activity, which, against the background of unfavorable climatic factors, led to the destruction of natural ecosystems, degradation of the soil cover and ultimately to the creation of the unfavorable ecological environment. About 65 % of 130 million hectares of arable land, are exposed to water and wind erosion. Only by water erosion, 10 % of arable land lost 30–60 % of fertility and almost 25 % lost 10–30 %. As a result of deflation 25million hectares of agricultural land in the European part of the Russian Federation are degraded to varying degrees. The concept of the anti-degradation arrangement proposes to use environmental-economic geoinformational monitoring. Within the framework of this approach, the development of cartographic and mathematical models in three time environments is proposed: pre-agricultural, modern degraded, and certainly improved condition. The ecological and economic analysis makes it possible to synthesize information flows and analyze the most important degradation processes. The most important tool for implementing ther adaptive-landscape anti-degradation arrangement of agricultural landscapes is precision farming, which consists of several subsystems: decision-making, monitoring, agronomic techniques, specialized equipment, etc. Computer technologies and telecommunications allow to speed up and optimize production by combining technology and people, which helps reduce costs. Precision agriculture is impossible without using modern advances in collecting, processing and storage of various, often heterogeneous, agricultural information.
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Soldatos, Peter. "Economic Aspects of Bioenergy Production from Perennial Grasses in Marginal Lands of South Europe." BioEnergy Research 8, no. 4 (October 7, 2015): 1562–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12155-015-9678-y.
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Knysh, V. V. "Historical Aspects Of Constitutional Responsibility In Ukrainian Lands In 1917-1920." Actual problems of improving of current legislation of Ukraine, no. 51 (August 6, 2019): 213–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.15330/apiclu.51.213-221.
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The article explores the main aspects of legal consolidation of constitutional legal responsibility on Ukrainian lands in 1917-1920. In this case, the main attention is paid to the legislation of the Ukrainian People’s Republic (UNR) on this issue.
On the author’s conviction, the responsibility of state authorities and local selfgovernment of the UPR was characterized by the following features:
1) the consolidation at the level of the Constitution of the general and specific features of the constitutional and legal responsibility of the parliament of the UPR (NationalAssembly ofthe UPR). In particular, the common features ofthe constitutional legal responsibility of the Parliament of the UPR are their clear correspondence with the main functions: law-making (responsibility for the exercise of the functions of the legislative power) and personnel (constitutional and legal responsibility for the formation of executive and judicial authorities). Specific features of constitutional legal responsibility were expressed in the functions of exclusive constitutional rulemaking (amending the Constitution of the UPR by at least 3/5 of the votes of the present deputies; the authority to approve political and economic treaties concluded in the name of the UPR and to be responsible for their content and execution); economic and fiscal functions (the impossibility of collecting taxes without a decision of the National Assembly; the impossibility of establishing loans and pledging state property without a resolution of the National Assembly) emergency functions (responsibility for the National Assembly to form troops and law enforcement agencies of the state, for declaring war and peace)
1) legal consolidation in relation to the government (Council of People’s Ministers) of sole retrospective (negative) constitutional legal responsibility, which provides for constitutional legal sanctions against the ministers themselves, as well as collective retrospective (negative) constitutional legal responsibility, which provides for constitutional legal sanctions against the entire government;
2) Determination of constitutional legal responsibility (both positive and negative) for the administration of justice in the state by the General Court of the UPR;
3) approval of the constitutional and legal responsibility of local authorities for the control function of the ministers of the UPR in relation to the elected Councils and Administrations of communities, volosts and lands, as well as through the jurisdictional function of the justice authorities;
4) Conditionality of the constitutional and legal responsibility of the autonomous rights of national Unions with the exclusive competence of the National Unions and bodies representing them with functions of a fiscal and economic nature.
So, the basic principles of competence and constitutional legal responsibility of the organs of state power and local self-government of the UPR according to the Constitution of the UPR were closely related to the principle of separation of powers and other leading principles, corresponding models of a democratic, social and legal state.
It should also be noted that the normative consolidation of the foundations of constitutional legal responsibility (as well as other institutions of constitutional law of Ukraine) at the present stage of development of Ukrainian constitutionalism should be based not only on the current needs of state and law-making, but also certain positive historical and legal traditions, earlier existed on Ukrainian lands.
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Karyati, Karyati, Karmini Karmini, and Kusno Yuli Widiati. "The role of tropical abandoned land relative to ecological and economic aspects." Forest and Society 4, no. 1 (April 26, 2020): 181. http://dx.doi.org/10.24259/fs.v4i1.8939.
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The floristic structure and composition of abandoned lands in the tropic have been observed to be changing dynamically during the succession process. This is mostly because they are not utilized maximally, therefore, there is a need to assess the economic and ecological impacts of this land abandonment in tropical areas. This study was conducted to determine the ecological aspects of standstructure, floristic composition, and species diversity and analyze the economic aspects of standing trees in tropical abandoned land. The vegetation containing woody trees with a diameter at breast height (DBH) of > 5 cm were surveyed at six subplots sized 20 m × 20 m. The economic parameters were evaluated using data of log price, logging cost, profit margin, and stumpage value of standing trees in the study plot and a total of 126 trees including 26 species of 25 genera of 18 families were recorded. The most common species found were Macaranga tanarius with 50.60%, Bridelia glauca with 49.13%, and Pterospermum javanicum with 29.05% based on Importance Value Index (IVi). Moreover, the diversity, dominance, evenness, and richness indices were 1.23, 0.09, 0.87, and 5.17 respectively while the total log price at the abandoned land was 1,462.02 USD m-3 with an average value of 56.23USD m-3. The total and mean values of logging costs were 1,212.24USD ha-1 and 46.62USD ha-1, respectively while the total profit margin of log selling was USD337.39m-3 at maximum with an average of 12.98 USD m-3. Furthermore, the average stumpage value was 83.05 USD ha-1 while the total was calculated to be 2,159.36 USD ha-1.These findings showed the utilization of abandoned lands with respect to ecology and economic aspects has the ability to increase community welfare and support the implementation of developmental programs in the country.
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Tiutiunnyk, Hanna. "Economic and environmental aspects of organization the territory of ecologically clean agricultural land." Economics, ecology, socium 2, no. 1 (March 29, 2018): 64–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.31520/2616-7107/2018.2.1-6.
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Introduction. The foundation of the creation of ecologically clean land masses is the economic organization of the territory. The leading component of ecologically safe land use is the need to determine the suitability of land soils for the cultivation of raion crops and the maintenance of maximum soil quality adapted to the quality of crop rotation.
Aim and tasks. In the article the purpose of planning the organization of land mass structures is determined. The task of the internal land management is to formulate a strategy for using land masses that would maximally focus on the actions of land users in optimizing, transforming and using land to the natural conditions of the region.
Research results. Measures to create ecologically pure land masses are carried out directly at agricultural enterprises, therefore, agricultural land use is a prerequisite for them. The organization of agricultural land use envisages for business entities, the establishment of a warehouse, the transformation of lands and conservation of degraded and low productivity land, which at the present stage has become the most effective factor in the environmental optimization of land use. Agroecological organization of the territory includes measures on four systemic properties of agroecosystems: productivity, stability, stability and uniformity. All four properties are interrelated in agroecosystems. Without these links it is impossible to organize the territory in order to create conditions for rational use and protection of land, which is demanded by the agricultural land management system.
Conclusion. In the article the necessity of characterization of qualitative and quantitative characteristics of lands is grounded in order to find out the influence of the creation of the land mass and the appearance of possible dangers. The basic stages of the transition to environmentally safe agriculture and the formation of ecologically clean land masses have been determined. The types of development of the land mass are described: one-time and step-by-step. The complex problems that may be encountered by an enterprise of any ownership type in the transition to the maintenance of ecologically pure agriculture are determined. Creation of ecologically pure massifs of lands and agroecological organization of the territory includes a system of measures for the adaptation of agricultural production, agriculture to the peculiarities of the natural environment, along with the system of levers of state management of rational ecologically safe use of agricultural land. So the necessity of state support and motivation for enterprises planning to switch to the production of ecologically clean products and the formation of ecologically clean land masses has been substantiated.
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Азимзода, Алимардон, and Alimardon Azimzoda. "LEGAL ASPECTS OF PROTECTION AND RATIONAL USE OF LANDS IN THE REPUBLIC OF TAJIKISTAN." Journal of Foreign Legislation and Comparative Law 2, no. 4 (September 5, 2016): 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/21264.
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The article focuses on the legal aspects underlying protection and rational use of lands in the Republic of Tajikistan. Subject to analysis are ways of perfection of legal instruments with a view to protection and rational use of lands. The author describes the dehkan (farmer) state of affairs as characterized by the existence of small plots of land which were inefficient in terms of their use and economy. In order to do away with such a situation the legislators of the Republic of Tajikistan suggested to set the minimum size of land plots to be allocated for agricultural purposes. Sanction alone would not prevent irrational land use and adverse affects thereof. For, the objective of rational use and protection of land can be achieved through economic incentives of farmersstakeholders. Particularly, to get the land users interested in exploitation of unused land and make them willing to invest into agricultural development of said lands they should be given these plots and be freed from taxes for the period of first few years.
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Tsedilin, L. "The EU Enlargement and the Prospects of Eastern Germany Lands." Voprosy Ekonomiki, no. 4 (April 20, 2005): 23–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.32609/0042-8736-2005-4-23-42.
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From the point of view of the EU enlargement in 2004 the article considers selected aspects of Germany participation in international competition of economic environment. It summarizes the results of transformation of Eastern Germany economy and estimates the potential of this region in competition with the new EU members - CEE countries. The article concludes by making some corrections of existing assessments of market transformation in post-Soviet countries, including Russia.
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Morkovina, Svetlana, Ekaterina Panyavina, I. Shanin, and Irina Avdeeva. "ECONOMIC ASPECTS OF THE ORGANIZATION OF CARBON FARMS ON FOREST SITE." Actual directions of scientific researches of the XXI century: theory and practice 9, no. 1 (February 2, 2021): 17–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.34220/2308-8877-2021-9-1-17-25.
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The article considers the possibilities of developing forest entrepreneurship through expanding the range of ecosystem services and organizing sequestration Inustry on forest lands. The new type of forest management is based on the ability to balance carbon dioxide emissions into the atmosphere. The economic aspects of creating and using forest carbon farms are considered. To determine the standard costs for creating poplar and pine carbon plantations, the standard method was used. Creating carbon farms on forest land is a costly process, but carbon storage activities can bring numerous economic and environmental effects in addition to maintaining the carbon balance. The cost of creating one hectare of forest carbon farm is from 262 to 304 thousand rubles, while the economic effect of their use can significantly exceed the investment. The first stage in the organization of carbon farms should be the creation of test plantations-carbon polygons. It is proved that the necessary resources and prerequisites are available for the implementation of the actual practice-oriented task of creating carbon polygons in the Voronezh region.
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Tan, Ying, and Lin Lin Wang. "Research on Reuse of Open-Pit Mines Abandoned Lands in Nanjing City." Applied Mechanics and Materials 448-453 (October 2013): 923–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.448-453.923.
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Mining abandoned lands had become a new problem encountered in the process of urbanization in China. This article described a research of typical case, which took Nanjing city as the study space, and abandoned lands of open-pit mines as the study type. With an site investigation and data analysis, this research focused on the following four aspects: hierarchical size, mining methods, location distribution, and reuse situation. Working over the characteristics of current situation, this article pointed out existing problems and set goals. Then two advices were given to the further reuse work of open-pit mines abandoned lands in Nanjing. The first one is implementation by sorting and in batches, and the second one is economic measures combined effectively.
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Aleskerova, Yuliia, and Volodimir Todosiichuk. "ANALYSIS OF ECONOMIC ASPECTS OF ORGANIC BEEKEEPING PRODUCTION." Green, Blue & Digital Economy Journal 2, no. 1 (March 29, 2021): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.30525/2661-5169/2021-1-1.
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The purpose is to study and analyse the prospects for development of economic aspects of organic beekeeping in Ukraine.The article deals with the main trends of greening of life, in particular those related to the beekeeping industry. The most promising activities are outlined and a number of factors that can be used by the entities to form the entrepreneurial potential of rural theories are identified. Beekeeping is the oldest human industry with a centuries-old history and Ukraine is recognized in the world as the homeland of cultural beekeeping. This branch of agriculture in the country provides both pollination of entomophilous crops and the production of various beekeeping products for the needs of the population and for various industries. Methodology. The expediency of introducing organic beekeeping methods is reflected. Requirements for production of organic beekeeping according to the Ukrainian legislation and regarding the requirements of the EU are covered. Results. The certification procedure is described and the certification bodies operating in the territory of Ukraine are characterized. The trends and the state of the organic beekeeping market are reflected, the concepts of “price” and “value” of organic produce are defined. A number of factors affecting the functioning of the beekeeping industry were identified, risks identified and measures taken to minimize them. Value/originality. For effective functioning of the industry it is suggested to use marketing channels and marketing strategies based on foreign experience and taking into account the Ukrainian specificity. The problems of organic beekeeping have been generalized, the main priorities have been identified and the ways of realization of the set tasks have been proposed. Therefore for the effective functioning of the organic beekeeping industry, it is first necessary: to use available natural and climatic potential (protected areas and certified agricultural lands); to develop special regulations and certification system that are adapted to international and European requirements and implement them in production and society; to create an effective mechanism of state support for enterprises that transform their own production and are in the transition period (low credit rates, legal support, compensation for the cost of organic certification) and control; to support and stimulate the development of the organic market through the dissemination of information, the establishment of advisory services and research and educational centers; to enter the international market of organic products as a finished product with its own brand and added value and not just raw materials. All this will increase the number of organic enterprises, employment and the income of producers.
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Dankevych, S. "ORGANIZATIONAL-ECONOMIC ASPECTS OF ATTRACTING INVESTMENTS AS AN INSTRUMENT IN ENSURING THE BALANCED USE OF FORESTRY LANDS." Investytsiyi: praktyka ta dosvid, no. 12 (July 2, 2019): 57. http://dx.doi.org/10.32702/2306-6814.2019.12.57.
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Suchoń, Aneta. "The Lease and Sale of Agricultural Real Estate in Poland — Legal and Economic Aspects." EU agrarian Law 6, no. 2 (December 1, 2017): 43–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/eual-2017-0006.
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Abstract Ownership and lease of agricultural real estate are the basic legal titles to run and organize agricultural farms in Poland. For some years now, the practical significance of lease in rural relations has been growing, which is primarily connected with the activities of the Agricultural Property Agency. Currently, lease is the basic form of management of agricultural lands of the State Treasury. The aim of the paper was to present the basic principles concerning the acquisition and lease of agricultural real estate in Poland and to assess whether the legal regulations favour the formation and expansion of agricultural farms in this country, especially family ones. It should be noted that according to the Article 23 of the Polish Constitution, the basis of the agricultural system is the family farm. The family farm, in turn, is run by an individual farmer. The paper covers also the issue of acquisition and lease of agricultural real estate by foreigners.
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Ivaniuk, Tetiana. "Formation of conditions of rational use of agricultural lands." INNOVATIVE ECONOMY, no. 1-2 (2021): 74–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.37332/2309-1533.2021.1-2.10.
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Purpose. The aim of the article is determining the conditions of rational use of agricultural land conditions and substantiation of measures to optimize the distribution and rational use of agricultural land. Methodology of research. General scientific and special methods are used to achieve this goal: the dialectical method of scientific knowledge – to consider the essence of the rational use of land and its protection; synthesis – to clarify the relationship between the subjects of land relations; analysis – to assess the constituent elements of agricultural land; graphic – for visual display of the obtained results; abstract and logical method – for the formation of conclusions and research proposals. Findings. The state and rational use of land in the region and the state are studied. The structure of agricultural lands in Ivano-Frankivsk region and Ukraine is analysed. The main ecological and economic aspects of land tenure and land use in agriculture are described, including changes in land relations. The main reasons that caused the negative trends of rational use and protection of land in agriculture are identified. Measures have been developed for the rational use of land in the economic activity of land and its protection. Originality. Approaches to the interpretation of the concept of “rational use of land” are systematized and generalized. Measures on rational use of agricultural lands in economic activity are offered, namely: creation and realization of innovative scientific and technical programs in the field of rational use of lands and their protection; improving the regulatory framework in the field of land relations; development of a mechanism for financing programs; introduction of environmentally friendly ways of agricultural production, etc. Practical value. The expediency of studying and forming the conditions of rational use of agricultural lands is proved. The results of the study can be used by agricultural enterprises in conducting business activities. Key words: agricultural lands, rational use of lands, land protection, land tenure, land use, land fund, agricultural enterprises.
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van Popta, Yftinus T. "No Country for Men: Searching for Late Medieval Submerged Settlements in the North-Eastern Zuiderzee Area in the Netherlands." European Journal of Archaeology 22, no. 4 (November 2019): 567–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/eaa.2019.36.
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This article focuses on the maritime cultural landscape of the former Zuiderzee (ad 1170–1932) in the central part of the Netherlands. Since the large-scale reclamations from the sea (1932–1968), many remains have been discovered, revealing a submerged and eroded late medieval maritime culture, represented by lost islands, drowned settlements, cultivated lands, shipwrecks, and consequently socio-economic networks. Especially the north-eastern part of the region, known today as the Noordoostpolder, is testimony to the dynamic battles of the Dutch against the water. By examining physical and immaterial datasets from the region, it is possible to give a modern-day idea of this late medieval maritime cultural landscape. Spatial distribution and densities of late medieval archaeological remains are analysed and compared to historical data and remote sensing results. This interdisciplinary approach has led to the discovery of the remains of the drowned settlement of Fenehuysen.
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Tsybulska, S., N. Hradovych, and R. Paraniak. "Scientific and practical aspects of land use optimization in the agrosphere." Scientific Messenger of LNU of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnologies 22, no. 93 (September 30, 2020): 90–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.32718/nvlvet-a9316.
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The article presents modern literature data on the need to improve the development of agricultural lands, taking into account the current state of agriculture. Paying attention to this issue requires special attention, as it has acquired not only theoretical but also practical significance. Intensification of negative tendencies of anthropogenic influence on edaphotope lead to a number of ecological crises of global character. We analyzed the state of land use of Lviv region and reflected the main problems of land use optimization. The dynamics of changes that took place in the structure of the land fund by types of lands is shown. An extremely important component of sustainable development of society is the quality of life provided by the continuous development of environmental innovations. The destruction of the structure of the edaphotope of the region causes the emergence and development of environmental crises and catastrophes. Preservation of high potential and quality functioning of edaphos requires changes to the constant effective maintenance of balance, which should be based on the principles of sustainable harmonious development and rationalization of land resources. In terms of regions of aridity coefficients according to research, it can be argued that natural and climatic conditions have a direct impact on the efficiency of agricultural production. Such results require a review of technologies, their modernization and the development of recommendations for their adaptation. Resource-saving land use of new territorial entities in the post-reform period includes two factors – economic and environmental. For proper organization and optimization of land holdings, it is advisable to create agro-landscapes with a clearly planned structure, which should take into account the ratio of functional-territorial orientation, economic assessment and environmental safety. This means that the main and main goal of harmonious targeted use should take into account a number of indicators of the land use system, which requires special attention to agroecosystems in the interdependent close development of environmental and economic aspects. No less important is the environmental factor of land use, as further ignoring it can create economic collapse. In this regard, the most important requirement of the time is the development, improvement and widespread implementation of resource- and energy-saving, environmentally friendly farming systems. Ecological tolerance of certain territories of land resources should be laid down in the process of designing land management developments, paying special attention to the properties of landscape ecosystems, taking into account adjacent land plots. In particular, in order to preserve the balance of agricultural landscapes, it is necessary to implement a set of preventive measures.
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Bell, Avril. "Reverberating Historical Privilege of a “Middling” Sort of Settler Family." Genealogy 4, no. 2 (April 7, 2020): 46. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genealogy4020046.
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Critical family history illuminates societal relations of inequality through focusing on the experiences and trajectories of particular families. Here, I focus on unequal relations between white settler colonizers and indigenous communities within Aotearoa, New Zealand. I use data gathered from family wills and archival research to sketch aspects of the economic privilege of branches of my own ancestral families in contrast to the economic dispossession and injustices faced by the Māori communities alongside whom they lived. The concept of historical privilege forms the analytic basis of this exploration, beginning with the founding historical windfalls experienced by the Bell and Graham families through their initial acquisition of Māori lands and the parallel historical trauma experienced by Māori at the loss of these lands. I then explore how these windfalls and traumas underpinned the divergent economic trajectories on both sides of this colonial relationship, touching on issues of family inheritance and structural and symbolic privilege. Neither the Bells nor the Grahams accumulated significant wealth, but the stories of such “middling” families are helpful in illuminating mechanisms of historical privilege that we inheritors of such privilege find it difficult to “see” or remember.
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Shandi, Z. B., and H. Helali. "INVESTIGATION OF 2019 RAINFALL EFFECTS ON URMIA LAKE SURFACE AND EXTRACTION OF LAKE SHORELINE CHANGES AND COMPARISON WITH THE PREVIOUS DECADE USING REMOTE SENSING IMAGES AND GIS." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLIII-B3-2020 (August 21, 2020): 759–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xliii-b3-2020-759-2020.
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Abstract. Urmia Lake has experienced many fluctuations during recent decades, which played a key role in the socio-economic changes in the north-western part of Iran. Consequently, socio-economic planning and land management around the lake require anticipation of changes’ trend. In this paper, regarding continual rainfall in the beginning of 2019, shoreline and water level changes of this lake have been studied and compared to the previous decade. To this aim, Landsat satellite imagery (Oli, ETM and TM sensors’ images) was used to extract NDWI index by using Green and NIR bands. The results of this study showed that Urmia Lake has declined over the past ten years and reached its lowest level in the year 2015. However, due to rainfall of 2019, these changes have had ascending trend which made water area equal to the situation in 2010. It, also was observed that similar to the trend of water level, the shoreline has progressed toward the Lake from the east and the south and become salt marsh. But, the West and the North parts have not changed significantly. Then, in 2019 salt marsh lands have been submerged once again, and the vast eastern island, which was completely blended in with the surrounding lands, returned to its previous state, the peninsula. In addition, considering the trend of rainfall and Lake’s restoring activities, the minimum and maximum time required to reach the area in 2010 were estimated 23 and 38 years respectively, assuming the volume of precipitation remains constant and the reduction of these activities at a constant rate.
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MALASHEVSKYI, Mykola, Nataliia KUZIN, Alena PALAMAR, and Mariia MALANCHUK. "THE PROBLEMS OF SPATIAL ORDERING AND TAXATION OF AGRICULTURAL LANDS." Geodesy and cartography 43, no. 4 (December 21, 2017): 166–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/20296991.2017.1412634.
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The problem of rationalizing the use of agricultural land is increasingly complicated in Ukraine. Today it has various aspects, the most important of which are technological, economic, organizational and environmental. That is why the level of use of land in Ukraine is now so critical that further land degradation potential in agriculture can have disastrous consequences. The objective of this paper is to study the economic effects of agricultural land use on example of Kyiv city. It is revealed that the problem of rational use and protection of agricultural land in Ukraine is deteriorating year by year. In today’s conditions, this manifests itself in various directions, among which, in our opinion, the deterioration of the ecological state as a result of irrational use. On examples of land plots of the Kyiv city, the procedure for calculating the normative monetary valuation of agricultural land as one of the main instruments for accompanying capital transactions has been considered. The information on the weak and strong sides of the objects of evaluation is shown, which allows to evaluate the effectiveness of its functioning, current, past and future costs and incomes, as well as development prospects, which as a result serves as the basis for making effective management decisions on the valuation object. According to the research results, which consists in changing the agricultural land purpose in Kyiv city, it was ascertained that the normative monetary valuation of these lands will increase over 6 billion UAH.
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Ivanov, N. I., V. S. Gorbunov, and T. V. Shevchenko. "Development of a standard solution for agricultural use of productive lands in Moscow region." Zemleustrojstvo, kadastr i monitoring zemel' (Land management, cadastre and land monitoring), no. 11 (November 1, 2020): 28–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.33920/sel-04-2011-03.
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The relevance of the research is to justify one of the possible ways to link the results of agricultural land use with their quality and measures of agro-industrial impact. The aim of the study was to identify the correlation between the sets of variables that characterize various aspects of agricultural land use in the Moscow region. The obtained results and conclusions of the research can be used for formation an interregional platform for the exchange of experience and knowledge, preparation analytical materials for relevant government decisions aimed at acceleration of innovative development in rural areas, and draw up and update longterm national and regional programs of economic development.
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Melita, Asantael Williams. "The Relationship between Tourism and Socio-Economic Aspects of the Maasai in Ngorongoro Conservation, Tanzania." Business and Management Horizons 2, no. 1 (June 24, 2014): 78. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/bmh.v2i1.5860.
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Tourism Industry by its nature in the World, it is the trait that cannot be separated from the social life of the communities as it is practised on their territorial lands that they depend for their socio-economic aspects. That strong relationship has caused rapid growth of tourism activities to developing countries and led to new national and international expectations for tourism as an agent of socio-economic development. The World GDP contributions from tourism by 2013 grew to 3.1% and contribute to 101 million jobs, and in Tanzania total contribution to GDP was 12.7% where by contributed 4.9% direct and total employment contribution were 11.2% and 3.8% direct of the total employment. In Ngorongoro Conservation Area with a population of about 87,851 residents from Maasai, Datoga and Hadzabe tourism contributed to 92% of the total economy of the area where by 8% was from other sources and 48% total community economy and 29.2% direct to people and 9.7% of total employment. The findings revealed that major relationship of the tourism and socio-economic based on economic activities contributions (livestock services), Social services (education, healthy, culture and life style), resources ownerships and infrastructure developments. The paper considered community survey of 120 local residents from 4 wards of the NCA, examines whether tourism has direct relationship to the Socio-economic aspects of the residents of the area and the levels of the contributions to their development. I found that regardless a claimed little contribution to their economy; many people appreciated the social and economic changes related to the tourism of the area.
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Liakhovych, Galyna, Olha Pavlykivska, Lesia Marushchak, Oleksandra Kilyar, and Svitlana Shpylyk. "The organizational-economic aspects of land relations provision by administrative-territorial reform in Ukraine." Problems and Perspectives in Management 17, no. 2 (June 27, 2019): 479–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/ppm.17(2).2019.37.
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The stable development of Ukraine as the agricultural state actualizes a complex of economic, organizational and legal issues, which are concerned with an implementation of the land relationship. The maximum usage of rental tools is the most effective among the existing budget filling mechanisms. The aim of the article is to conduct a research of land relationship by mechanisms of improving the agricultural lands rent management. The object of a study is the interaction of state institutions at different levels of land lease management. The basis of the study is a cognitive method in the patterns of development of the land relationship. Therefore, in the article, the alternative version of the organizational and economic mechanism for the implementation of land relations was proposed with the aim to improve the existing practice that will facilitate the additional financing of local self-government authorities. At the state regulation level, it is proposed to create an informational electronic database, which should display cadastral numbers and location of land plots, as well as information about land plot owners. Measures of control should be fulfilled by such state authorities as State Geo Cadastre and Ministry of Justice of Ukraine. In order to follow a principle of openness, it has been proved that this database should be public. As a result, methodological and organizational tools are based on the algorithm of lease relationship management as the main source of budget filling for local self-government authorities and main tasks for implementation of administrative-territorial reform that were declared by the government.
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Karyati, Karyati, Sri Sarminah, Karmini Karmini, Ali Muhammad Akbar, and Rifaldi Hermansyah. "Conservation and economic aspects of a combination of forestry-agricultural crops (Neolamarckia cadamba-Phaseolus vulgaris) and terrace systems in different slope classes." SAINS TANAH - Journal of Soil Science and Agroclimatology 18, no. 1 (June 30, 2021): 98. http://dx.doi.org/10.20961/stjssa.v18i1.47708.
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The utilization of steep lands by planting forestry and agricultural species can provide benefits from soil-water conservation and economic aspects. The combination of planting <em>Neolamarckia cadamba-Phaseolus vulgaris</em> and terrace systems can increase land use values, such as soil conservation, crop production, and farmers’ income. The aim of this study was to analyze silvicultural, hydro-orological, and economic aspects of a combination of forestry-agricultural crops<em> </em>(<em>N. cadamba – P. vulgaris</em>) and terrace systems on two slope classes. Two study plots were established on a steep gradient (25–40%) and a very steep gradient (>40%). The results showed an annual increase in the average diameter and height of <em>N. cadamba</em> of 1.78 cm and 1.84 m, respectively on the steep slope, and 1.68 cm and 1.53 m, respectively on the very steep slope. The surface run off and erosion rate were lower on the steep ground compared to the very steep ground. Erosion hazard indices and levels on the plots in the steep slope and very steep slope were categorized as low and very low; meanwhile the erosion hazard class was I. The profit of <em>P. vulgaris cultivation </em>was IDR 9,360,000.00 ha<sup>–1</sup> per cropping season<sup> </sup>on steep slope and IDR 6,480,000.00 ha<sup>–1</sup> per cropping season on very steep slope. The planting of <em>P. vulgaris</em> as an intercropping plant to fill empty land in between <em>N. cadamba</em> can increase the economic value obtained from selling <em>P. vulgaris</em> in the short term until the leaves of the <em>N. cadamba</em> plant are linked. The combination of planting <em>N. cadamba–P. vulgaris</em> and terrace system on steep slopes is therefore more profitable not only from the economic perspective, but also in lowering runoff and potential erosion rates than on very steep lands.
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Muharani, Laily, Muhammad Yazid, and Dessy Adriani. "Evaluation of Smallholder Oil Palm Plantation Sustainability in Tidal Lowlands of Pulau Rimau Sub-District of Banyuasin Regency." Jurnal Lahan Suboptimal : Journal of Suboptimal Lands 9, no. 1 (April 1, 2020): 80–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.33230/jlso.9.1.2020.454.
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Muharani L, Yazid M, Adriani D. 2020. Evaluation of smallholder oil palm plantation sustainability in tidal lowlands of Pulau Rimau Sub-District of Banyuasin Regency. Jurnal Lahan Suboptimal: Journal of Suboptimal Lands 9(1): 80-88.Oil palm is one of the estate commodities that has an important role in the economic activities of the people. Smallholder oil palm plantation as part of the estate still face several constraints, including lack of productivity, institutional inactivity, plantation management that do not meet the standard, farmers' lack of knowledge, and difficulty in obtaining credit. Due to these constraints, oil palm plantation sustainability is put into priority. Oil palm development issues are discussed not only on the economic aspects but also on the environmental aspects. This research is aimed at analyzing the level of oil palm sustainability and evaluating the condition of smallholder oil palm plantations according to the stages of plant development. This research used survey method and was carried out in tidal lowlands of Pulau Rimau Sub-district, Banyuasin Regency in August-September 2019. Smallholder oil palm households were selected using proportionate stratified random sampling. The results showed that there were three aspects of sustainability that were in low criteria, namely institutional, social, and technical aspects. Whereas, economic and environmental aspects were in medium criteria. The average sustainability value of non productive and productive oil palm plantations was in low criteria. Smallholder oil palm households were expected to understand and follow the standards set by ISPO, with the support from local governments and related agencies.
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Agbosu, L. K. "The Land Use Act and the State of Nigerian Land Law." Journal of African Law 32, no. 1 (1988): 1–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021855300010202.
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The Land Use Act, 1978, is a product of the inherent contradictions of the colonial and neo-colonial dependent, pseudo-capitalist economic structures established in Nigeria since colonial times. By the 1970s these contradictions became so seŕious that they threatened to become a clog on the growth of the capitalist economy. If such contradictions were allowed to reach a nodal point, conditions for the self-negation of the existing socio-economic and legal order would have ensued. The legislature, it would seem, narrowly identified the problem with private ownership of lands from its own class perspective, that is without a scientific conception of the problems in terms of ownership in the theory of social relations. A scientific conception of the problems would have revealed the essence of the difficulties as relating, not merely to the procedural aspects of private ownership of the lands, such as certainty of title, registration of title, etc., but concerning the institution of private ownership as an economic and legal category around which the exploitation of man by man is organised in class-divided societies.Such a scientific perception of the problems would have demanded a lasting solution that not only abolished private ownership rights in land but also abolished private ownership of other means of production. The socialisation of all means of production would have amounted to a holistic approach to the solution of the problems in the interest of the nation as a whole.
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Karyati, A. E. Santoso, M. Syafrudin, and Karmini. "Silvicultural and economic aspects on combination of vegetatives (Falcataria moluccana-Sorghum bicolor L.) and terrace methods in the different slope lands." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 449 (April 9, 2020): 012014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/449/1/012014.
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Smovzhenko, Tamara, Oryslava Korkuna, Ivan Korkuna, and Ulyana Khromyak. "The impact of land reform on the development of united territorial communities." Socio-Economic Problems of the Modern Period of Ukraine, no. 1(141) (2020): 29–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.36818/2071-4653-2020-1-4.
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Nowadays, according to decentralization and current legislation (Land Code of Ukraine, Resolution of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine and the Law of Ukraine «On Self-Governance»), the public lands have been transferred to the CTCs since 1 February 2018. In 2018/2019, 788 CTCs received communal ownership of 1.68 ha of public lands. According to the Draft Law «On Amendments to Several Legal Documents of Ukraine on Agricultural Lands Turnover», the consolidated territorial communities become the legal entities and can acquire property rights to agricultural land plots. Therefore, transferring the lands to be used by the newly created CTCs is currently an urgent issue that requires extended scientific and practical research. The paper aims to research the role of land reform in Ukraine and its impact on increase of CTCs’ budget revenues. The stages of land reform and the development of the land reform in Ukraine as well as its implementation strategy are outlined. The disparities of the integrated satellite map and the data of the Land Cadaster of Ukraine in terms of unregistered lands are defined. The amount of a CTC budget’s increased revenues due to the reform is estimated. Statistical data on small, medium, and large farmers and their interest in the land reform are analyzed. The terms of selling the land to foreign investors and conditions of participation in land auctions are examined. The mechanisms of land purchase, selling, and lease in line with the land reform are suggested. Generalizing the presented aspects of the land reform in Ukraine and their impact on economic activity of the newly created CTCs, it can be argued that the process is quite positive and necessary for both communities and businesses in order to get additional budget revenues for CTCs. The land reform improves the living standards of Ukrainian people through the disclosure of the country’s agricultural capacity.
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Allen, J. H., and J. J. Sharp. "Environmental considerations for ocean outfalls and land-based treatment plants." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 14, no. 3 (June 1, 1987): 363–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l87-056.
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When planning for the treatment and disposal of domestic wastes, coastal communities have a number of options. Like inland towns, they may utilize full treatment allied with traditional methods of disposing of the treated liquid and solid end products. At the other extreme, it would be possible to consider discharge of untreated wastes directly to the ocean through a submerged outfall. As a compromise, some combination might be used with the final design incorporating a degree of on-land treatment together with a submerged outfall.In this paper, the environmental problems and benefits of discharging domestic wastes through a submerged ocean outfall after minimal on-land treatment are compared with those of a totally land-based treatment plant. Water-quality standards attainable by both systems are enumerated, and other environmental problems are taken into account. Consideration is also given to biological, chemical, and bacterial effects; and aspects of aesthetics and health are discussed. Financial and economic viewpoints merit considerable discussion but are generally outside the scope of this paper and are mentioned only briefly. Regulations governing discharges in Canada, the United States, and Europe are discussed and considered in light of the evidence presented. Key words: outfall, dilution, pollution, treatment, sewage.
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Islam, Rahatul, Donia Jendoubi, Jalal Uddin Md Shoaib, Wendy Peterman, and Sayeda Sabrina Ali. "Ridge and Ditch Technique: A Strategy for Sustainable Land Management in Swampy Land Areas in Southern Bangladesh." Case Studies in the Environment 3, no. 1 (December 31, 2019): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/cse.2018.001305.
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In Bangladesh, there is a need for socioeconomic sustainability in land management systems. An exploratory study was conducted in the southern part of Bangladesh (Nesarabad) to evaluate the successful strategy of sustainable land management (SLM), where swampy land is transformed, using ridges and ditches. Approximately 25 agro-based sites were studied to evaluate their relevant land use, management, and economic aspects. We determined that nearly 100% of the cultivated lands adopted this technology, representing a combination of SLM measures. The technology was based mainly on structural measures, combined with other conservation measures. The maintenance and recurring activities increased the efficiency of the technology and improved the land quality, making it more useful for various agricultural practices. Most of the lands were cultivated with fruit trees and vegetables, which provided high net average profits with low effort during cultivation. Land users claimed some weaknesses in establishment cost, marketing, transportation, etc. This study assesses these constraints and recommends some suggestions to generate a more suitable scheme for more SLM measures.
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Moroz, Vasyl. "STUDY OF PECULIARITIES OF LAND RELATIONS THROUGH THE PRISM OF ECONOMIC THEORIES." EUREKA: Social and Humanities, no. 5 (September 30, 2020): 17–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.21303/2504-5571.2020.001428.
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The paper defines the essence of the notion “land relations” and outlines their main peculiarities, based on the analysis of scientific works of classics of the world economic thought, study of the historical experience and consideration of practical aspects of lands resource use in economy. Negative results of the influence of the neoliberalism theory on the formation of land relations in Ukraine and the former USSR countries after getting independence are substantiated. Attention is accented on a necessity of taking into account national interests at reforming land relations.
The aim of the paper is to study peculiarities of land relations through the prism of economic theories, taking into account their development evolution, and formation of the complex approach to defining the essence of the notion “land relations” as an object of financial-economic regulation.
The methods of empirical and retrospective analysis of the world and native economic thought was used in the paper for separating fundamental bases of land relations; the methods of generalization and comparison of scientific approaches as to defining the essence of land relations and their elements; system approach for substantiating the economic base of land relations, determination of their elements and principles.
Key peculiarities of land relations, complexly discovering their essence, taking into account a necessity to create an effective economic-legal mechanism of their regulation within the conflict of the neoliberal economic ideology and national interests have been formulated. There has been offered a wide approach to understanding an object of land relations that is land resources; it has been proved, that realization of all legal actions with land resources results from a necessity to observe the factor of lands suverenization; the economic base of land relations has been substantiated; principles of land relations, resulting from a necessity of the rational land use, observance of national interests and guaranteeing of food safety of the state, have been outlined.
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Połaniecka, Agnieszka, and Julian Jaroszewski. "Mass sport in the Gdańsk lands in the years 1945–1989." Sport i Turystyka. Środkowoeuropejskie Czasopismo Naukowe 3, no. 1 (2020): 85–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.16926/sit.2020.03.05.
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After the Second World War, physical culture in Poland undoubtedly became an instrument for strengthening the position of communist authorities in public. However, despite the unfavourable political aspects, participation in mass sport has definitely contributed to the integration of local community, followed by collective social initiatives. The rebuilding of structures of physical culture in Pomerania proceeded differently in comparison to other areas of our country. Several factors contributed to this, including economic, social and demographic changes that took place after the end of warfares, which were closely related to the process of settling and developing the Regained Territories. The Society of Physical Culture Propagation had the most important role in the dissemination of physical culture. It was followed by: Provincial Sports, Tourism and Leisure Center named Balt-Tourist, with its counterparts at the lower organizational level, The Municipal Sport, Tourism and Recreation Centers of Gdańsk, Gdynia and Sopot, which often organized Saturday and Sunday leisure time as well as The Polish Tourist – Sightseeing Society, while among youth organizations the Polish Scouting Association. The term “mass sport” was a product of the PRL period, to a large extent its existence was a fiction, along with the progressing ideologisation of physical culture, based on the Soviet model. At the same time, the proposed activities were a form of spending free time and the possibility of joint family activities, integration of the local community.
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RAWSON, H. M., H. GOMEZ-MACPHERSON, A. B. S. HOSSAIN, M. SAIFUZZAMAN, H. RASHID, M. A. SUFIAN, M. A. SAMAD, et al. "ON-FARM WHEAT TRIALS IN BANGLADESH: A STUDY TO REDUCE PERCEIVED CONSTRAINTS TO YIELD IN TRADITIONAL WHEAT AREAS AND SOUTHERN LANDS THAT REMAIN FALLOW DURING THE DRY SEASON." Experimental Agriculture 43, no. 1 (January 2007): 21–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0014479706004224.
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This research set out to find ways to increase wheat production in Bangladesh. The approaches were (1) to increase the area planted to wheat, concentrating on developing a suitable management system for the very hot, often saline and hitherto largely untested fallow lands of the south; and (2) to increase economic and sustainable yield of wheat in the traditional rice-wheat zones. Five mechanized reduced tillage and planting systems were compared. They were used to enable 200 co-operating farmers at 11 locations to plant on time and avoid the reduction in yield that accompanies delays, found in this study to average 2 % d−1. Methods that placed seeds in rows were zero tillage, full or strip surface shallow till, and raised beds. A partially mechanized version of the traditional manual system called New Conventional, in which seeds and fertilizers were broadcast, was also tested. Farmers' wheat yields averaged more than 3.5 t ha−1 for the two seasons of the study. Farmers in the untested lands averaged more than 2.5 t ha−1 on their farms, well above the 0.5 t ha−1 needed to cover all costs and equal to normal production levels in traditional wheat areas. Surprisingly, full and strip till did not produce higher yields overall than New Conventional in either season. Reasons for the lack of difference are discussed in relation to other aspects of management and variation between the farmers themselves. Farmers had varying opinions and mixed success with zero till and beds. The economic consequences to farmers of using the different systems are also discussed with the suggestion that the low-tech New Conventional method will be preferable for novice wheat farmers in the historically fallow lands where the study indicated potential production is 1 million tonnes.
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Gagnon, Justine. "Seeing the unseen: an Indigenous heritage’s mapping project." Proceedings of the ICA 1 (May 16, 2018): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/ica-proc-1-42-2018.
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Based on an ongoing qualitative and collaborative research project led in partnership with the Innu community of Pessamit, this paper brings into focus some specific issues regarding memories recollection and representation in a context of deterritorialization. The Innu First Nation has a specific historical and political context related to resources exploitation. Since their traditional lands have been the site of several large-scale hydroelectric projects, they have been intimately – and to a large extent, forcibly – involved in the economic transformation of Quebec since the 1950s. It should be noted, however, that their ancestral occupation has never been formerly recognized by the federal and provincial governments, a political and legal context partly responsible for the material and cultural losses they had to deal with. Through interviews we have conducted with the elders that travelled the rivers before the floods, we tried to rebuild, in some way, the cultural heritage embedded in those submerged lands. We used different cartographic tools and materials in a way to support and trigger the personal narratives the elders were remembering and sharing. This cultural mapping process revealed three main issues I would like to focus on. First, as the cartographic representations were getting closer to the landscapes the elders perceived and experimented as kids and young adults, the localization of significant places and the creation of personal narratives became easier and fluid. Secondly, we found, through that inquiry, how important an enhanced visibility of innu’s flooded heritage can be on a political level. Finally, we came to the conclusion that mapping should be considered more as a conversation than a visual representation only.
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Grigoras, Georgiana, Ionuţ Cristian Mihalache, and Eduard Edelhauser. "Technical Considerations on the Management of Coastal Areas Rehabilitation Projects." MATEC Web of Conferences 343 (2021): 07008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/202134307008.
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Coastal erosion contributes to the loss of particularly valuable land, which can damage coastal ecosystems and cause economic and social damage to the area where they occur. Coastal erosion is a natural process that affects shores around the world. The article present aspects of coastal erosion in Romania as well as some solutions proposed to reduce this phenomenon. Submerged structures are exposed to erosion therefore a close monitoring is necessary. A malfunction will result in the damage of the structure as well as endangering marine wildlife. The proposed solutions are meant to protect the coastal area against erosion, protecting the shore, adjacent land and ecosystems. These solutions will also protect the economic infrastructure and social objectives endangered by marine erosion. A monitoring program will be implemented for a medium and long term, supporting the maintenance operations.
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Rössner, Philipp Robinson. "Capitalism, Cameralism, and the Discovery of the Future, 1300s–2000s." History of Political Economy 53, no. 3 (June 1, 2021): 443–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/00182702-8993316.
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Modern models of economic growth and capitalist modernity rest on capital accumulation, inclusive institutions, and various often unquantifiable aspects of “culture” (to which institutions belong). Scholars have also pinpointed the ability, or rather illusion, of human individuals to plan and predict their economic and social future(s). This transition to future thinking opened European’s spaces of possibility during what Reinhart Koselleck famously labelled Europe’s Sattelzeit, c.1750–1850. Some have emphasized a European culture of dealing with contingency, which may have marked out a specific “Western” path toward modernity. Without making a claim to global history, and focusing on the German speaking lands, I propose that the discovery of the open economic future was a much earlier project. Modern capitalism had roots in continental economic visions as early as the 1500s. We know them under common labels such as “Cameralism” and “mercantilism.” They were also apparent in Anglo-Saxon and Swedish economic reasoning since the mid-seventeenth century, suggesting that we may speak of a broader European tradition. The present article thus wishes to add to the debate, showing possibilities of an alternative—or a wider, more inclusive—genealogy of the modern economic mind, pointing out fresh ways of bringing together culture and economic development.
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Islam, Md Sirajul, Md Solaiman, MS Islam, TR Tusher, and MH Kabir. "Impacts of flood on Char livelihoods and its adaptation techniques by the local people." Bangladesh Journal of Scientific Research 28, no. 2 (February 22, 2016): 123–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjsr.v28i2.26783.
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The study showed that most of the farmers (81.81%) in char area of flood lands were affected by flood as their crops were washed away by flood water as agricultural lands (59%) were inundated in a high magnitude flood. During flood, almost 88.89% farmers pass their days having no alternative occupation, and cannot afford to meet basic needs of their family as most of the Char lands were inundated for about two or three months, resulting in no crop production during that period. People reside in roads, schools and even on the top of the roof as there was no flood shelter in the study area. Besides these, rehabilitation programs were also not sufficient. It is also revealed that siltation over agricultural land reduces its fertility and productivity. To cope with this problem, people of Char land formulated and undertaken various adaptation techniques in their own way which varies depending on their socio-economic and environmental aspects, such as education, income, occupations and living conditions, as there was no organizational support. Finally, the study recommended that the policy makers and implementers along with non-governmental organizations should take their own responsibilities focusing the devastating situation of the previous flood in the study area. Also, the farmers should grow the flood tolerant varieties of crops in the area to mitigate loss of production and to lead a sustainable life.Bangladesh J. Sci. Res. 28(2): 123-135, Dec-2015
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Santos, Erinaldo Irineu dos, Maria Leide Silva de Alencar, Vanessa Batista Schramm, Joelma Sales dos Santos, and Maria Teresa Cristina Coelho do Nascimento. "Uso de Geotecnologias no Estudo da Degradação das Terras da Bacia do Rio Sucuru, na Paraíba." Ciência e Natura 42 (March 11, 2020): e57. http://dx.doi.org/10.5902/2179460x33089.
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The objective was to map spatially and temporally the degradation of the lands of the Sucuru River basin in the region of Cariri Paraibano. The SPRING 5.2.7 program was used for the digital processing of orbital images and the photointerpretative keys for evaluation of levels of degradation, field visits, consultations with literature and public agencies. There was a regeneration of the areas that previously were in the levels of degradation very serious and moderate severe, due to factors such as the drought that is hindering the agricultural exploration, as well as the reduction of the animal exploitation and of the arboreal extractivism. The banks of the water bodies of the basin, for the most part, are at the level of severe degradation, resulting from the removal of this vegetation due to the exploitation of these areas for the most varied uses. The degradation processes, together with the incorrect use of the lands of the studied basin had as main consequence, the rural exodus, requiring the intervention of the public power so that the local communities can develop sustainable activities, considering social, economic and environmental aspects.
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Bulysheva, D. V. "INSTITUTIONAL ASPECTS OF TRANSFORMATION OF PROPERTY RELATIONS IN THE RECREATIONAL LAND USE TOWARDS ECOLOGIZATION OF UKRAINE�S URBAN AGGLOMERATIONS." Economic innovations 19, no. 1(63) (April 24, 2017): 37–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.31520/ei.2017.19.1(63).37-44.
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Research is dedicated to institutional capacity development of property relations towards ecologization of economic relations in recreational land use of urban agglomerations. The priority task on the way of ecologization is formation of the perfect institutional basis for recreational land use. Analyzing the current trends in the institutional framework in the system of ecologization of recreational land use, one can conclude that its deeper �haracter, which should be considered from a variety of aspects: natural resource systems, transaction transactions, contractual relations, legislative and regulatory frameworks and governance institutes. The purpose of the study is to substantiate the need and to develop proposals for transformation of the existing institutional basis for recreational land use, based on the formation of the principles of balanced ecological and economic development of these territories. It is proved that in the conditions of the current ecological and economic state of recreational lands, there are certain obstacles on the way to sustainable development of the respective territories. At the present stage of development, sufficiently tense economic relations have been formed and they require reorientation of the institutional basis of the land use process of urban agglomerations, taking into account the socio-ecological and economic aspects of the development of territories. In the article subjects and institutions of ownership of land resources were formed and systematized. Proposals on the transformation processes of property relations on the way to ecologization of recreational land use were made in four directions: basic, normative-legislative, social-informative and market-oriented. So, perfect institutional environment for recreational land use should be a mutually coordinated activity of state, business and public institutions regarding transactions and other types of land relations. This is the most important condition for balanced recreational land use.
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Zahedi, Rafi, Parisa Ranjbaran, Gevork B. Gharehpetian, Fazel Mohammadi, and Roya Ahmadiahangar. "Cleaning of Floating Photovoltaic Systems: A Critical Review on Approaches from Technical and Economic Perspectives." Energies 14, no. 7 (April 6, 2021): 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14072018.
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There are some environmental factors, such as ambient temperature, dust, etc., which cause a reduction in the efficiency of Photovoltaic (PV) systems. Installation of PV panels on the water surface, commonly known as Floating Photovoltaic (FPV) systems, is one solution to employ PV panels in a cooler environment, achieve higher efficiency, and reduce water evaporation. FPV systems open up new opportunities for scaling up solar generating capacity, especially in countries with high population density and valuable lands, as well as countries with high evaporation rates and water resources deficiency. Since the FPV system is an almost new concept, its cleaning techniques have not been comprehensively studied. While FPV systems are located on the surface of water resources and reservoirs, the water quality can limit the application of different cleaning techniques. Therefore, this paper investigates different techniques of FPV systems cleaning and categorizes them into water-based and water-free approaches. In addition, their cleaning frequencies, as well as economic aspects, are presented and discussed to determine their merits and demerits for using them in FPV systems.
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Antal, József, Gábor Grasselli, and Krisztián Szabados. "Munkahelyteremtés és agroenergetika-vizsgálatok az Észak-Alföldön." Jelenkori Társadalmi és Gazdasági Folyamatok 5, no. 1-2 (January 1, 2010): 53–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.14232/jtgf.2010.1-2.53-57.
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Both the European both the Hungarian agribusiness faced new challenges when the ris-ing world price of the crude oil brought the bio-energy products, produced on arable lands into focus. This new branch of agriculture should be paid significant attention because it is not only appropriate for the utilization of the unfavourable areas (extreme water manage-ment, shallow topsoil level) but with good technology it could generate significant labour demand which is the most important question in rural development. During the examina-tion of spreading of SRF it is necessary to examine the appropriate structural requirements (economic aspects, logistics, time and spatial dimensions) for the sake of satisfying the above mentioned complex functions and avoiding to create SRFs only because of fashion, or because of the utilization of subsidies. The aim of the author is to analyse the manage-ment aspects of SRF systems in the research, focusing on rural employment possibilities.
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Allen, J., and M. Williamson. "LEGAL AND TAXATION IMPLICATIONS FOR THE ACQUISITION AND DISPOSAL OF OFFSHORE PETROLEUM PRODUCTION AND EXPLORATION TENEMENTS—A PRACTICAL VIEW AND UPDATE." APPEA Journal 26, no. 1 (1986): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj85001.
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The administrative aspects of petroleum mining and exploration companies have become more complex of recent years. One area where this is particularly so is in relation to the livelihood of the industry, i.e. access to tenements.While exploration and development activity onshore has hotted up in particular, offshore activity has been fervent but limited largely to bringing into production fields on the North West Shelf, at Jabiru and new areas in Bass Strait. Generally it is held that the likelihood for discoveries of large fields will be offshore Australia rather than onshore and that present exploration activities offshore are inadequate to maintain Australia's oil self-sufficiency.Recent amendments to the Petroleum (Submerged Lands) Act, a plethora of associated Acts, and proposed new tax imposts (e.g. cash bonus bids, retention licence fees, resource rent tax, and capital gains tax) in relation to the offshore segment of the industry have added significantly to the complexities in planning the acquisition and disposal and ongoing control of tenements. Each of these is examined individually and in conjunction for the benefit of planners and executives administering tenements within their organisations.Both sides of the transaction are viewed with emphasis on their tax positions providing opportunities to control the directions and funding mechanisms for the transaction.
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Прешкин, G. Preshkin, Безрукова, and Tatyana Bezrukova. "APPROACH TO MEASURING THE VALUE OF LANDSCAPED AREAS ON THE LANDS OF SETTLEMENTS." Forestry Engineering Journal 7, no. 1 (August 15, 2017): 233–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/25216.
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The article presents theoretical aspects of comprehensive evaluation of woody plantings on the territory of the settlements as ecological and social capital. Attention is focused on the need for legitimate responsibility of the municipality to communities for preserving and enhancing the ecological values of tree and shrub plantings on the residential sections of urban areas. For this methodological paradigm for the calculation of the cadastral value of green spaces in the municipal land of settlements shall include the need to strengthen the spectrum of legal protection of the values of the multifunctional beneficial properties. Unlike current practice, which includes only consumer properties of the material constituents of wood plantings, it is proposed to apply an integrated approach to the calculation of the cadastral value of public "green" capital, resulting in a significantly increase of its value. This will reduce the interest of developers in making close the objects of capital construction by clearing underbrush and ripening of wood plantings in the territory of municipal formations. Ecological value of stands and individual trees is considered as a basis for measuring the economic damage in the event of causing harm to them for any reason. As a tool for dynamic evaluation of the value of environmental assets, the authors propose to create models on the basis of modern methods of knowledge for making management decisions in the management system of prudent consumption and reproduction quality of the surrounding natural habitat in residential areas. The need for legal regulation of environmental security and measures for maintenance of standards of environmental status on land settlements authorities in the municipal boundaries is underlined. In this paper we propose a method of solving the problem of measuring the value of "green spaces" through the establishment of conceptual bases of definition of innovation standards for the use of methods of experimental studies of consumer properties of environmental assets. This problem is subject to further economic research, and is one of the urgent tasks of municipal economy.
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Glišin, Vanja. "Serbian people under imperial pressure: The position in a geopolitical knot." Napredak 1, no. 2 (2020): 47–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/napredak2002047g.
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In this paper, the author is analyzing the geopolitical position of Serbia and Serbian lands while following the historical course of events that changed the realpolitik state of affairs in this area. In the first part of the paper, the author starts with the analysis of geographical characteristics of Serbian state, political and economic environment of Serbia as semi-periphery in relation to the center, as well as the strategic potentials of the territory, waters and aerial space of this region. Leaning on the analyzed characteristics the work further turns its attention towards the geopolitical standing of Serbia and the Serbian people while being focused on a few geopolitical aspects to disassemble the imperial pressures throughout the centuries of Serbian crucifixion as clear as possible.
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Pepko, V. O., T. A. Velesik, R. M. Sachuk, Yu M. Mandigra, and S. V. Zhigalyuk. "Zoohygienic and economic aspects of construction and operation of the average complex for the conservation of wild haves." Ukrainian Journal of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences 2, no. 2 (December 3, 2019): 37–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.32718/ujvas2-2.08.
Full textAbstract:
The formation and development of a market-based management system for hunting in Ukraine require fundamentally new approaches to the organization of business management. The practical implementation of any commercial project is significantly complicated without a previously developed zoo-hygienically and economically sound business plan. The purpose of the study was to improve measures for the organization and operation of the aviary complex for the maintenance and breeding of wild ungulates. The work used sanitary-hygienic methods of scientific research, in addition applied theoretical analysis of scientific literary sources, synthesis, generalization, comparison, concretization. According to the results of the research on the basis of zoohygienic norms and economic calculations, the project of organization and development of the aviation complex “Hunting farm “Polisske-Sarny” is located near the village. Terrible of Sarnensky District on the lands of the State Forest Fund of Strashevsky Forestry of SE Sarnenskoye Forestry. The area of the enclosure is 146.7 ha, which is divided into 4 contours to hold the fallow deer, red deer, wild boar and European mouflon. Proposed measures for construction and operation of the aviary complex for keeping wild ungulates (fallow deer and mouflon European, as well as wild boar and red deer), owned by the Polisske-Sarny Hunting Enterprise. The total amount of capital investments for the creation of a cage for the maintenance of wild animals, including the cost of construction, purchase of livestock breeders is from 1337.1 thousand UAH. Due to the sale of animals to other farms, you can receive from 280–320 thousand UAH income per year. Taking into account the initial investments for the establishment of the aviary complex, the payback period is 3 years.
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Kwiatkowski, Krzysztof. "Bezławki – several additional sources regarding the late medieval settlement complex on the periphery of Prussian lands." Masuro-Warmian Bulletin 291, no. 1 (May 8, 2016): 31–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.51974/kmw-135005.
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This article contributes to our knowledge of the late Middle Ages of the village of Bezławki. Based on sources to date neglected in the scholarly literature, various aspects of the settlement’s functions are presented between 1371 and 1517. From the sources emerges an image of a settlement complex, characterized by significant legal, settlement, economic and socio-professional differences. The analyzed written sources (administrative documents and records) testify to the functioning of the village chartered with the ‘Kulm Law’, where alongside the mayor, peasants, innkeepers, miller and priest lived, or at least owned, the townspeople and those with ‘free’ status of a noble or non-noble background, with the settlement under the governance of the Order and later under the ‘free’, so-called new lords deriving from the group of mercenaries who came to Prussia during the period of warfare in 1454-1466. Within this heterogenous community there were additional dynamic changes taking place in Bezławki in terms of economic activities and the types of production activities associated with them. Only the structure of the governance and the sovereign control of the inhabitants of the settlement by the Teutonic Order remained consistent. Such results should prompt restraint in drawing generic conclusions from single mentions in the sources of individual settlements in late medieval Prussia. A regularly used method of chronological transplantation of specific information back and forth should be applied more carefully and rigorously. The example of Bezławki shows that there are cases when individual elements of the settlement changed much more often than previously thought.
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N. Thaker, Pooja, Nayana Brahmbhatt, and Karishma Shah. "A REVIEW: IMPACT OF SOIL SALINITY ON ECOLOGICAL, AGRICULTURAL AND SOCIO-ECONOMIC CONCERNS." International Journal of Advanced Research 9, no. 07 (July 31, 2021): 979–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.21474/ijar01/13200.
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In recent years, salinization of soil is one of the challenging environmental concerns occurring all over the world. The effects of concentration of salt can be detected in both natural (primary) as well as man-made (secondary) environment. This is due to massive urbanization and industrialization in coastal regions, Soil salinity may lead to degradative changes in the composition of natural water resources, loss of fertile soil, loss of biodiversity, changes in local climatic conditions which in turn affects many aspects like, increasing salinization (salt affected soil) of lands converted in to non-productive conditions which significantly affects human life and posing major interruption to the economic development of farmers and their economy in the country. Furthermore, the overview of salinization and its effects on ecology, agriculture and economic growth and development is presented in this paper. Purpose of this review paper represented is according to most recent literature and refines knowledge on consistent research efforts for the types of soil salinity, problems of soil salinization, effect on plant growth and management strategies in agriculture to mitigate soil conditions in the salinity affected areas as well as rise in crop productivity and suggests future perspectives for on-going salinity research in the country.
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Lazarieva, Olena, Svitlana Smyrnova, Andriy Mas, Dmitro Sterlev, and Vasil Koval. "Substantiation of innovative aspects of the use of recreational resources in tourism in the context of sustainable development." E3S Web of Conferences 255 (2021): 01019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202125501019.
Full textAbstract:
The mechanism of recreational areas management is improved in this article based on the sustainable development, which means the interaction of components that in their dialectical unity provide a synergistic effect of their rational use and protection. The purpose of article is to generalize and develop scientific and methodological bases and practical recommendations for substantiating the innovative aspects of the use of recreational resources in the context of sustainable development. Sustainable use of lands of recreational potential is focused on the following components of the mechanism, including legislative and regulatory support, mapping of territories, land management, maintaining the state cadaster of territories and objects of recreational use. Using the main approaches to the concept of sustainable development in practice is aimed at determining the effectiveness of recreational activities. Attention is focused on the method of determining the main economic indicators of the use of recreational areas. It is determined that the main components of the land management project are territorial planning of recreational areas, organization of recreational areas, system of measures for protection and restoration of recreational resources and project effectiveness.