Relevant bibliographies by topics / Economic aspects of Substitute products

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers

Academic literature on the topic 'Economic aspects of Substitute products'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 15 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Economic aspects of Substitute products"

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Nakhate, Pranav, and Yvonne van der Meer. "A Systematic Review on Seaweed Functionality: A Sustainable Bio-Based Material." Sustainability 13, no. 11 (2021): 6174. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13116174.

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Sustainable development is an integrated approach to tackle ongoing global challenges such as resource depletion, environmental degradation, and climate change. However, a paradigm shift from a fossil-based economy to a bio-based economy must accomplish the circularity principles in order to be sustainable as a solution. The exploration of new feedstock possibilities has potential to unlock the bio-based economy’s true potential, wherein a cascading approach would maximize value creation. Seaweed has distinctive chemical properties, a fast growth rate, and other promising benefits beyond its application as food, making it a suitable candidate to substitute fossil-based products. Economic and environmental aspects can make seaweed a lucrative business; however, seasonal variation, cultivation, harvesting, and product development challenges have yet not been considered. Therefore, a clear forward path is needed to consider all aspects, which would lead to the commercialization of financially viable seaweed-based bioproducts. In this article, seaweed’s capability and probable functionality to aid the bio-based economy are systematically discussed. The possible biorefinery approaches, along with its environmental and economic aspects of sustainability, are also dealt with. Ultimately, the developmental process, by-product promotion, financial assistance, and social acceptance approach are summarized, which is essential when considering seaweed-based products’ feasibility. Besides keeping feedstock and innovative technologies at the center of bio-economy transformation, it is imperative to follow sustainable-led management practices to meet sustainable development goals.
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Bratosin, Bogdan Constantin, Sorina Darjan, and Dan Cristian Vodnar. "Single Cell Protein: A Potential Substitute in Human and Animal Nutrition." Sustainability 13, no. 16 (2021): 9284. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13169284.

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Single cell protein (SCP) is the first product of the fermentation process and has proven to be a good protein alternative. Food competition is becoming more intense as the world’s population continues to grow. Soon, SCP may be able to compensate for a protein deficit. Various global businesses are focusing on SCP production, and the scope of its application is expanding as time and knowledge increases. High quantities of SCP can be produced by microorganisms, such as algae, yeast, fungi and bacteria, due to their fast development rate and the significant level of protein in their chemical structure. Beside proteins, SCP contains carbohydrates, nucleic acids, lipids, minerals, vitamins and several important amino acids. SCP has been an effective substitute for more expensive protein sources such as fish and soybean products. In conclusion, SCP can easily replace traditional protein sources in human and animal feed without detrimental effects. Potential substrate candidates and optimization strategies for SCP production have been extensively studied. This review article focuses on the various aspects of SCP, from its production, using different substrates, player microorganisms and nutritional benefits, to its economic aspects.
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BLUFFSTONE, RANDALL, MARCO BOSCOLO, and RAMIRO MOLINA. "Does better common property forest management promote behavioral change? On-farm tree planting in the Bolivian Andes." Environment and Development Economics 13, no. 2 (2008): 137–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1355770x07004044.

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ABSTRACTThis paper analyzes behavioral change spurred by better common property forest management (CPFM), with a focus on on-farm tree planting. Results from our theoretical household model suggest that on-farm trees, which provide products that can substitute for those from common forests, should be stimulated by better CPFM systems. We test this finding using data from a household survey conducted in the Bolivian Andes in 2000. We find that better CPFM at its highest level of aggregation is positively correlated with more and higher quality on-farm trees. In terms of less aggregated indices, relatively few variables are significant, though two particularly important aspects of forest property rights – access clarity and the existence of formal penalties for overuse – actually reduce on-farm tree planting. We therefore conclude that in general synergies between individual CPFM components are most critical for behavioral change, but improvement of property rights aspects of CPFM may give counter-intuitive results.
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Fedirko, Mykhailo, Oksana Huhul, and Bohdan Brych. "Theoretical and applied aspects of developing the energy services market in Ukraine." Herald of Ternopil National Economic University, no. 1(87) (January 30, 2018): 7–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.35774/visnyk2018.01.007.

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The article focuses on the nature, content and interconnection between the main categories of the energy services market. The purpose of the research paper is to substantiate theoretical and applied aspects of developing the energy services market and put forward proposals for their further implementation into practice in Ukraine. Based on a systematic analysis and methods of analysis and synthesis it is proved that efficiency, viewed as an economic, technical and technological category, is an essential factor in the sustainable growth of the national economy. It is pointed out that increasing energy efficiency is linked with energy modernization in the basic sectors of Ukraine’s national economy as well as the application of brand new technologies, non-conventional and renewable energy sources, which can be implemented in the framework of market relations. The energy services market may serve as an organizational, economic and institutional form of such relations The research paper highlights the essence and content of the main categories of the energy services market: energy services, market structure and its basic characteristics, market actors and their interaction. The concept of an efficient industry market is applied for theoretical rationalizing of market structure and its basic features, which makes it possible to identify interdependence between all its components and address the peculiarities of energy services. It is found that the basic terms of supply in the market of energy services are limited due to the imperfection of the institutional and economic environment. The basic conditions of demand are characterized by high price elasticity on personal income and contradiction of behavior depending on the government’s social policy and costs of fuel and energy resources. High elasticity of demand and lack of substitute services result in the impossibility of developing a clear pricing strategy and affect the efficiency of market actors. The market structure is characterized by a high level of market barriers, caused by the peculiarities of providing energy services, which require the availability of high-tech equipment, special mechanisms, highlyskilled personnel, and the availability of a license. It is emphasized that market behavior is a marketing complex that requires flexibility in choosing a pricing strategy, advertising products, market research, engineering and technology research, and service delivery. Institutional provision requires an adequate state policy and informal imperatives of civil society in the field of energy efficiency of the national economy. The scheme of interaction between actors of the market of energy services is developed and functional interrelations between them in business operations are defined.
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Marques, Marcela G., Andrew Pelissari, Ana P. C. Coutinho, Marcelo Telascrea, Beatriz Antoniassi, and Marcia R. M. Chaves. "Flavored Drink Production Using Broken Rice: Evaluation of Physical-Chemical Properties and Power Consumption of Industrial Stirring System." Journal of Sustainable Development 10, no. 5 (2017): 116. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jsd.v10n5p116.

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The industrial rice processing generates, in average, 14% of broken grains called grits, which are not well accepted by consumers, representing large economic loss. Researches have been conducted to increase the use of rice by-products as well as their benefit. Among them, beverages are attracting the attention, being develop. To contribute to this field, this study aimed to prepare a non-alcoholic flavored drink from rice grits; evaluate the physical-chemical properties and evaluate de power consumption of stirring system for the drink industrial production. The drink production involved the cooking of the rice grits, followed by crushing, homogenization, filtration and flavorization in a stirring tank, obtaining the final product for consumption. The power consumption calculation for mixing tanks was evaluated in three different situations at 25ºC, considering the pre-defined tank design and the drink characteristics. Results based on the physicochemical characteristics indicate that the rice flavored drink is a food alternative to substitute milk or soy extract drinks. On the industrial production aspects, the increasing in the consumed energy to the small stirring variations was observed, and it needs to be considered to the stirring equipment design in the industrial process.
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Karshenas, Mahsa, Mohammad Goli, and Nafiseh Zamindar. "Substitution of sesame and peanut defatted-meal milk with egg yolk and evaluation of the rheological and microstructural properties of low-cholesterol mayonnaise." Food Science and Technology International 25, no. 8 (2019): 633–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1082013219853931.

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Peanut, sesame, and (peanut:sesame (1:1)) meal milk were used as the egg yolk substitute at the levels of 0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% in mayonnaise. Then, the rheological, textural (hardness, adhesive force, and adhesiveness), and microstructural properties of samples were evaluated on the first day after production. The oscillatory test indicated that all treatments had shear thinning flow behavior and in low-angular frequencies had higher elastic modulus than the viscous modulus (tan δ < 1), but in the P-S50 and P-S100, P75 and S75 in angular frequencies higher than 63 rad.s−1, tan δ was more than one (i.e. G″ > G′) which indicated more viscous modulus (liquid-like flow behavior) than the elastic modulus (gel-like flow behavior). The optical microscopy confirmed that the oil particle size in blank, 25 and 50% of substitution was of smaller size, and the fat droplets had a monotonous and regular form. In 75 and 100% of substitution, the oil particle size was larger and more irregular than the other ones. Therefore, considering the emulsifying characteristic of oilseeds proteins, consumer health aspect (replacing meal protein with egg yolk in producing of low-cholesterol mayonnaise), and economic advantage aspect (reusing the oil-extraction factories by-products i.e., meal) using oilseed meal milk as an emulsifier agent in food industries especially emulsions is purposed.
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Gazzani, Flavio. "Transition to social-ecological sustainability using the environmental fiscal reform." International Journal of Social Economics 48, no. 5 (2021): 675–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijse-09-2020-0656.

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PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine the introduction of three specific fiscal flexible mechanisms such as VAT surcharges/discounts, surcharges on import/manufacture of risk substances and maturity land tax to implement a new environmental fiscal reform that aims to reduce pollutions and emissions and avoid a regressive impact on low-income households using a feedback system.Design/methodology/approachThe idea behind this article is to explore alternative environmental taxation system that aims to foster the transition to social-ecological sustainability without affect negatively poor and low-income households. It looks at the potential of environmental fiscal reform in terms of environmental benefits and present in the first section, evidence of some economic regressive impact caused by environmental fiscal reform in European Union from previous empirical studies. The article then introduces of a feedback mechanism to create a repayment system, such as rebate or cash transfer to compensate the regressive effect of the levy being added to the consumer price affecting low-income households in a very short period and push consumers to buy alternative eco-friendly products and services and to stimulate the market to offer them.FindingsLowering VAT rate for green products and services has the potential to increase demand for sustainable products and services and stimulate green jobs. Surcharges on import and manufacture of risk substances play a significant role to discourage the import of hazardous and pollutant substances by putting price on them and push the industrial sector towards a medium and long-term transition. Lowering taxes rates for buildings in inner cities encourage improvements and renovations, while raising tax on peri-urban areas discourage land speculation in areas with higher grade of biodiversity. This fiscal mechanism indirectly will reduce private and public transport emissions caused by urban sprawling and travel costs, reduce public infrastructure costs for connecting suburban area to the inner city and reduce the loss of urban-edge farmland area that are vital for smart urban growth.Originality/valueThe previous studies on the economic impact of the on environmental fiscal reform analysis, have focused on environmental aspects, economic growth and employment, but little on the regressive impact in short and medium terms on least wealthy sections of society. The proposed feedback mechanism aims to reduce distortion and inequalities caused by surcharges on existing taxation to low-income using monetary repayment measures, especially for products and services with elastic demand and no substitutes.
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Bernas, Jaroslav, Jan Moudrý, Marek Kopecký, Petr Konvalina, and Zdeněk Štěrba. "Szarvasi-1 and its Potential to Become a Substitute for Maize Which is Grown for the Purposes of Biogas Plants in the Czech Republic." Agronomy 9, no. 2 (2019): 98. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy9020098.

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The domestic biogas market has been developing rapidly, and legislation (The Act) supporting the use of renewable energy sources has come into force. In light of this act and investment support from national programs co-financed by the European Union (EU), the total number of biogas plants has recently increased from a few to 670. The total capacity of electricity generation of those 670 installed plants exceeds 360 Megawatts (MW) (as of mid-2018). Such dynamic growth is expected to continue, and the targets of the National Renewable Energy Action Plan are projected to be met. The use of waste material, which was urgently needed, was the original aim of biogas plants. However, in certain cases, the original purpose has transformed, and phytomass is very often derived from purpose-grown energy crops. Maize is the most common and widely grown energy crop in the Czech Republic. Nevertheless, maize production raises several environmental issues. One way to potentially reduce maize’s harmful effects is to replace it with other suitable crops. Perennial energy crops, for example, are possible alternatives to maize. A newly introduced species for the conditions of the Czech Republic, Elymus elongatus subsp. ponticus cv. Szarvasi-1, and some other well-known species—Phalaris arundinacea L. and Miscanthus × giganteus—are suitable for Czech Republic climate conditions. This paper presents the findings of the research and evaluation of environmental, energy-related, and economic aspects of growing these crops for use in biogas plants. These findings are based on 5-year small-plot field trials. The energy-related aspects of producing Elymus elongatus subsp. ponticus cv. Szarvasi-1, Phalaris arundinacea L., and Miscanthus x giganteus are reported on the basis of experiments that included measuring the real methane yield from a production unit. The economic analysis is based on a model of every single growing and technological operation and costs. The environmental burden of the individual growing methods was assessed with a simplified life cycle assessment (LCA) using the impact category of Climate Change and the SimaPro 8.5.2.0 software tool, including an integrated method called ReCiPe. The research findings show that Szarvasi-1 produces 5.7–6.7 Euros (EUR) per Gigajoule (GJ) of energy, depending on the growing technology used. Szarvasi-1 generates an average energy profit of 101.4 GJ ha−1, which is half of that produced by maize (214.1 GJ ha−1). The environmental burden per energy unit of maize amounts to 16 kg of carbon dioxide eq GJ−1 compared with the environmental burden per energy unit of Szarvasi-1, which amounts to 7.2–15.6 kg of CO2 eq GJ−1, depending on the yield rate. On the basis of the above-mentioned yield rate of Szarvasi-1, it cannot be definitively recommended for the purpose of biogas plants in the Czech Republic.
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Mega, Tacila Pires, Pablo de Moura Santos, Adelmir Souza-Machado, Lúcia de Araújo Beisl Costa Noblat, and Álvaro Augusto Cruz. "Use of medicinal herbs by patients with severe asthma managed at a Referral Center." Brazilian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 47, no. 3 (2011): 643–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1984-82502011000300024.

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Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease of the airways that may lead to limitations in regular activities, to hospitalizations and a decrease in quality of life. Adherence to drug treatment is crucial for control of the disease. The use of medicinal herbs can reduce adherence to prescriptions, as the medication may be replaced by infusions or herbal products. The objective of this study was to evaluate the frequency of use of traditional herbal medicine among severe asthmatics in Salvador. Information on use of homemade remedies was obtained through application of a questionnaire during patient visits to a referral center. We also collected data on economic and social aspects as well as disease control. One hundred and forty-four (91,1%) out of one hundred and fifty-eight patients evaluated used herbal medicines, but only 26.5% attributed improvement of asthma symptoms to this alternative treatment and only 8 had substituted a prescribed medication by herbal medicines. There was a trend towards lower adherence to prescription drug treatment in this group of patients. Despite the high frequency of use of medicinal herbs in our sample, there was no improvement in the asthma treatment in this population compared to non-users. Adherence to conventional drug treatment was satisfactory and there was neither reduction in asthma control nor increase in hospitalizations among the users of medicinal plants.
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DE SOYRES, F. "Economic aspects of new cartographic products." International Journal of Remote Sensing 10, no. 2 (1989): 381–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01431168908903876.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Economic aspects of Substitute products"

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Low, Ming Kaan. "Design and financial aspects of the end-of-life management of telecommunications products." Thesis, Loughborough University, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.362670.

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Pornprasitpol, Pornwan Mechanical &amp Manufacturing Engineering Faculty of Engineering UNSW. "Selective disassembly for re-use of industrial products." Awarded by:University of New South Wales. School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, 2006. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/24274.

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As a result of rapid product development, the product life cycle has become shorter, and thus the amount of waste from discarded industrial products has risen dramatically. An awareness of the world???s environmental problems has stimulated researchers to explore the opportunities to reuse, recycle and remanufacture end-of-life products. Disassembly is a systematic approach to separating products into components or subassemblies in order to facilitate recovery of components or materials. However, the full disassembly of a product tends to be unproductive due to technical and cost constraints and product conditions after usage. Therefore, selective disassembly has been introduced as a more practical approach, where only a limited number of disassembly paths that lead to selected parts with recovering potential are considered. This research focuses on the development of a selective disassembly methodology by reversing an assembly sequencing approach. The methodology uses a step-by-step approach to generate a disassembly sequence diagram. This involves listing all the parts within the product, generating a liaison diagram to illustrate part relationships and then establishing precedence rules describing prerequisite actions for each liaison. This is followed by segregating disassembly paths that lead to the removal of selected parts or subassemblies. Then a winnowing process is applied to these paths to eliminate invalid disassembly states and transitions. The last step is to select the optimal disassembly path by using the time requirement as the main selection criterion. In order to shorten the time for carrying out the sequencing process, a javabased program that is capable of performing the first three steps has been created. The program requires three basic inputs in forms of precedence rules, and user-required part (s) and disassembly rules, prescribing which liaison (s) should be done subsequent to a particular liaison. The viability of the methodology and the program is proved through seven case studies conducted on a fishing reel, a single-hole punch, a kettle, an entire washing machine and three washing machine subassemblies. The application of the program allows the users to determine an optimal disassembly sequence in a very short time and with only basic product information as the input.
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Cohen, David H. "The adoption of innovative wood processing technologies in the building products industry." Diss., Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/54508.

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The strategic importance of the adoption of innovative processing technologies was analyzed for building products businesses. This study examined the two components of wood building products businesses: the structural panel industry and the softwood Iumber industry. To ensure that the relevance of adopting of innovative processing technologies was examined within an accurate contextual environment, additional important strategies and performance were also measured. A mail survey of the seventy-five largest North American producers of these two products provided the primary data necessary to investigate the strategic importance of process technology adoption, forward vertical integration, relative market share, grade sector focus, and investment intensity on firm performance as measured by profitability surrogates and changes in relative market share. This survey collected direct measures of the proportion of 1987 production produced by respondent firms that used controlled distribution channels and each of twentythree processes indicative of innovative technologies in the manufacture of building products. Information concerning the other strategic and performance factors was collected from secondary data sources. Results indicate that the adoption of innovative processing technologies has a positive impact on firm profitability. Investment intensity and grade sector focus also contributed to superior profitability. Forward vertical integration, and relative market share had no impact in differences between performance levels for the firms studied. Technologies were examined for underlying dimensions that group different process technologies together. Firms were clustered according to their level of adoption of innovative processing technologies and these clusters were then described according to a variety of firm-dependent characteristics, strategies, and performance measures. A strategy-performance model was developed for standardized, industrial product-markets and empirically tested using the data collected for the building products industry as an industry representative of this type of competitive environment.<br>Ph. D.
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Peak, Geoffrey Colin. "Product innovation and differentiation, intra-industry trade and growth : a thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy." Title page, contents and abstract only, 2001. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09php357.pdf.

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Includes bibliograhical references (leaves 239-251) Concerned with the influence that the production of innovative goods has on the economic growth rate of a country. Proposes that amongst the developed economies, the higher the level of production of innovative goods within a country, the higher the GDP growth rate, all else being equal.
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Merry, Frank. "Improving domestic markets for the wood products of reforestation programs: a case study of eucalyptus in northwestern Senegal." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/44159.

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Crowther, Kevin D. "Economic factors influencing industrial landowner assistance programs on private forest land in the south." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/42416.

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Khabele, Poloko. "Extending insurance products to the low-income market : broad guidelines." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/50606.

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Thesis (MBA)--Stellenbosch University, 2006.<br>ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This paper proposes broad guidelines that the formal insurance companies in South Africa should follow when entering the low-income market, specifically LSM 1-5. The guidelines follow on a SWOT analysis of the formal insurance providers present in the informal market. After discussing the risks that the poor face and the riskmitigating strategies that they employ, we identify the opportunities and threats of this market segment. The strengths and weaknesses of the formal institutions are deduced from observations of how the informal institutions supply the credit, savings on which the poor rely. Important lessons and principles that are conducive to servicing the needs of the poor are discussed. To break into this market requires new distribution channels, new products and premium collection methods. The guidelines therefore suggest that strategic alliances be established with informal institutions to enable leverage of their networks and knowledge and to streamline the process. New products designed should incorporate the social features of the informal institutions concerned. New technology, such as prepaid vouchers and vending machines, should be investigated as possible ways of collecting premiums through bank accounts.<br>AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie dokument stel voor 'n wye gids wat die formele sektor van versekeraars in Suid-Afrika moet volg binne die lae-inkomste mark, spesifiek LSM 1-5. Hierdie riglyne is baseer op 'n SWOT-analise van formele versekerings verskaffers binne die informele mark. Eers moet die risiko en strategie wat die lae-inkomste sektor volg bespreek word, daarna moet die geleenthede en bedreigings van hierdie deel van die mark ge'identifiseer word. Die sterk- en swakhede van die formele en informele instellings moet waargeneem word, spesifiek hoe hulle krediet en versekerings produkte verskaf. 'n Baie belangrike aspek hiervan is hoe dienstig dit is vir die lae inkomste groepe. Om binne hierdie mark te breek, benodig dit nuwe verspreidings kanale, nuwe produkte en premium kollektiewe metodes. Hierdie riglyne benodig 'n strategiese bondgenootskap met informele instansies sodat dit die kennis en netwerke kan versterk in 'n vaartbelynde proses. Nuwe produkte wat ontwerp word moet sosiale aspekte van die informele sektor in ag neem. Nuwe tegnologie soos vooruitbetaalde kwitansie en muntautomaat masjiene moet ondersoek word as moontlike maniere om premies te kollekteer deur bank rekenings.
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Budu, Ben Asare. "Economic feasibility of processing food waste and incorporating processed food waste products in least cost duck feeds." Thesis, McGill University, 2001. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=33067.

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The focus of this thesis was to analyze the least cost of producing rations for ducks in three age categories from a mixture of conventional feed ingredients and three different processed food waste products and to examine the financial and economic feasibility of establishing an industrial plant to produce these food waste products in the Montreal region. The first part of the thesis was investigated through the use of a linear programming model. The effect of recognizing the variability of protein levels in the various feed ingredients was examined through the use of chance-constrained programming.<br>The second part of the thesis was examined using economic and financial analyses for the investment. The basic plant requirements to produce the three processed food waste products were the same, however energy costs were different for the three products. Revenue was generated from tipping fees and the sale of the three processed food waste products. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)
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Sentery, Kabengele. "Prospects for market diversification in SADC for selected South African agricultural and food products." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/86226.

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Thesis (MAgricAdmin)--Stellenbosch University, 2014.<br>ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This research provides South Africa's producers and exporters with information on new market opportunities for South Africa's selected agricultural and food products in the Southern African Development Community (SADC). There is increasing global competition and countries in Africa are increasingly targeted as export markets due to its population growth and its increasing per capita income. Both developed countries and developing countries such as the United States of America, China, Brazil, India, etc. are gradually increasing their exports to Africa. In Sub-Saharan Africa, this is also taking place in SADC. In this region, there has been a significant increase in total imports from the mentioned countries from 2001 to 2013. The International Trade Centre market selection method was used for product selection (using the Export Potential Index) and country selection (using the Market Attractiveness Index). Fourteen products were selected and Angola is the most attractive market in the region (SADC) and is ranked first in the Market Attractiveness Index for seven of the fourteen selected products. The top ranking markets for the 14 selected products were identified as: Mauritius for maize, sweetened milk powder, raw cane sugar and wheat or meslin flour; Angola for fresh apples, fresh or dried oranges, sparkling wine, bulk wine, refined cane or beet sugar, frozen bovine cuts, and frozen bovine carcasses and half carcasses; Mozambique for bottled wine; and Zambia for fresh grapes and soya beans. In most cases the countries with the second and third highest rankings in the Market Attractiveness Index also offer opportunities for market diversification. South Africa exports certain products to non-African countries, whereas these non-African countries export the same products to SADC. There are therefore opportunities geographically nearer to South Africa, because South Africa could export these products to SADC. Exporters should not necessarily abandon non-African markets in order to export to SADC; however they should be aware of opportunities close by and develop strategies to maximize profit and maintain sustainable markets.<br>AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie navorsing bied aan Suid-Afrika se produsente en uitvoerders inligting oor nuwe markgeleenthede vir Suid-Afrika se geselekteerde landbou-en voedselprodukte in die Suider Afrikaanse Ontwikkelingsgemeenskap (SAOG). Daar is toenemende globale mededinging en lande in Afrika word toenemend geteiken as uitvoermarkte as gevolg van bevolkingsgroei en die stygende per capita inkomste. Beide ontwikkelde en ontwikkelende lande soos die Verenigde State van Amerika, China, Brasilië, Indië, ens. verhoog geleidelik hulle uitvoere na Afrika. In Sub-Sahara Afrika, gebeur dit ook in SAOG. In hierdie streek, was daar „n betekenisvolle toename in invoere vanaf die genoemde lande van 2001 tot 2013. Die Internasionale Handelsentrum markseleksie metode is gebruik om produkte te kies (met die Uitvoer Potensiaal Indeks) en om lande te kies (met die Mark Aantreklikheidsindeks). Veertien produkte is gekies en Angola is die mees aantreklike mark in die streek (SAOG) en is bo-aan die lys in die Mark Aantreklikheidsindeks vir sewe van die veertien geselekteerde produkte. Die top markte vir die 14 geselekteerde produkte is geïdentifiseer as: Mauritius vir mielies, versoete melkpoeier, ruwe rietsuiker en mengkoringmeelblom; Angola vir vars appels, vars of gedroogde lemoene, vonkelwyn, grootmaat wyn, verwerkte riet- of beetsuiker, bevrore beessnitte, en bevrore bees karkasse en half karkasse; Mosambiek vir gebottelde wyn; en Zambië vir vars druiwe en vir sojabone. In meeste gevalle bied lande met die tweede en derde hoogste punte in die Mark Aantreklikheidsindeks ook geleenthede vir markdiversifikasie. Suid-Afrika voer sekere produkte uit na nie-Afrika lande, terwyl hierdie nie-Afrika lande weer dieselfde produkte na die SAOG uitvoer. Daar is dus geleenthede geografiese nader aan Suid-Afrika, want Suid-Afrika kan hierdie produkte na die SAOG uitvoer. Uivoerders moet nie noodwendig oorsese markte laat vaar om na die SAOG uit te voer nie, maar hulle moet bewus wees van nader geleenthede en strategieë ontwikkel om wins te maksimeer en volhoubare markte te handhaaf.
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Tackie, Richard. "Economics of bio-ingredients production from shrimp processing waste in Newfoundland." Thesis, McGill University, 2002. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=79139.

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This thesis examined the economics of producing high value bio-ingredients such as chitin and carotenoprotein from shrimp processing waste in Newfoundland. The shrimp waste in the province was estimated to be at least 37000 tons annually. A survey of shrimp processing plants in the province revealed that the waste generated was relatively pure with little or no foreign material. The economic engineering approach was employed to estimate the production cost of chitin and carotenoprotein at the laboratory and pilot scale levels. At the laboratory scale where 480 kg/year of raw material (shrimp waste) was processed, the cost of chitin and carotenoprotein was found to be $159/kg and $315/kg, respectively. At the pilot scale level, the cost of chitin and carotenoprotem was estimated to be $125/kg and $244/kg, respectively based on volume of 4800 kg/year. Sensitivity analysis was carried out to establish the cost variations due to changes in the quantity of starting raw material, labor cost and cost of laboratory supplies (chemicals and enzymes). The cost of chitin and caroteinoprotein showed a decreasing trend with increasing scale of production. An expert opinion survey was conducted with a selected panel of 9 experts from the shrimp processing industry, chitin related industry, and the academic/research community to determine the potential market of the high-grade chitin/chitosan in Canada. The results showed that the health and nutraceutical industry is the most promising niche for high-grade chit in/chitosan. The survey also indicated that potential market would be high in Ontario and Quebec due to the presence of large health and nutraceutical companies in the big metropolitan areas of these regions.
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Books on the topic "Economic aspects of Substitute products"

1

Sousa, Louis J. Toward a new materials paradigm. U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Bureau of Mines, 1992.

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Garg, Sunita. Substitute and adulterant plants. Periodical Experts Book Agency, 1992.

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Massey, Mary Elizabeth. Ersatz in the Confederacy: Shortages and substitutes on the southern homefront. University of South Carolina Press, 1993.

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Reforming products liability. Harvard University Press, 1991.

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Canada. Industry, Science and Technology Canada. Converted paper products. Industry, Science and Technology Canada, 1988.

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Clotfelter, Charles T. The demand for lottery products. National Bureau of Economic Research, 1989.

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Die Entwicklung ökologisch motivierter Substitutionen: Eine empirische Untersuchung der zeitlichen Verläufe und eine Diskussion der Bestimmungsfaktoren. P. Lang, 1990.

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Braddock, Richard. Product liability: Economic impacts. Australian Law Reform Commission, 1989.

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Conlon, Laura. Products of Mexico. Rourke Book Co., 1994.

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Muir-Leresche, Kay. Marketing wildlife products and services. Dept. of Agricultural Economics & Extension, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zimbabwe, 1988.

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Book chapters on the topic "Economic aspects of Substitute products"

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Jakobi, G., P. Krings, and E. Schmadel. "Economic Aspects." In Surfactants in Consumer Products. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-71545-7_10.

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Tyulin, Andrey, and Alexander Chursin. "Economic Aspects of Developing Science-Intensive Products." In The New Economy of the Product Life Cycle. Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-37814-1_6.

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Jarosławski, Szymon, Eve Hanna, Monique Dabbous, Lylia Chachoua, and Mondher Toumi. "Heterogeneous Recommendations for Oncology Products Among Different HTA Systems: A Comparative Assessment." In Regulatory and Economic Aspects in Oncology. Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-01207-6_4.

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Mendes, Fabrício Bruno, and Jefferson Henrique Tiago Barros. "Bioenergy and Bio-based Products from the Brazilian Amazon: Social, Economic, and Environmental Aspects." In Transactions on Engineering Technologies. Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-9209-6_3.

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Copăcenaru, Olimpia, Adrian Stoica, Antonella Catucci, et al. "Copernicus Data and CAP Subsidies Control." In Big Data in Bioeconomy. Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-71069-9_20.

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AbstractThis chapter integrates the results of three pilots developed within the framework of the Horizon 2020 DataBio project. It aims to provide a broad picture of how products based on Earth Observation techniques can support the European Union’s Common Agricultural Policy requirements, whose fulfillments are supervised by National and Local Paying Agencies operating in Romania, Italy and Greece. The concept involves the use of the same data sources, mainly multitemporal series of Copernicus Sentinel-2 imagery, but through three different Big Data processing chains, tailored to each paying agency’s needs in terms of farm compliance assessment. Particularities of each workflow are presented together with examples of the results and their accuracy, calculated by validation against independent sources. Business value aspects for each use case are also discussed, emphasizing the way in which the automation of the CAP requests verification process through satellite technologies has increased the efficiency and reduced cost and time resources for the subsidy process. We end the chapter by highlighting the benefits of continuous satellite tracking as a substitute, but also complementary to the classical field control methods, and also the enormous potential of Earth Observation-based products for the agri-food market.
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Ludwig, H., M. Hetschel, and H. Fitjer. "Residual products from flue gas desulphurization by spray-dryer method - technical and economic aspects of their disposal and recovery for utilization." In Environmental Technology. Springer Netherlands, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-3663-8_22.

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Muñoz López, Natalia, José Luis Santolaya Sáenz, and Anna Biedermann. "Methodology of Product Sustainable Redesign. Case Study: Furniture of a Clothing Retail Store." In Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering. Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-70566-4_28.

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AbstractCompanies awareness of the impact generated by its products increases and motivates them to develop initiatives to improve their sustainability. In this work, a methodology consisting of three main phases: sustainability assessment, redesign process and comparison of designs, is proposed to obtain more sustainable product designs. Methodology is based on the Life Cycle Sustainability Assessment (LCSA) approach, which is applied to simultaneously evaluate environmental, economic and social aspects. In the case study the sustainability improvement of the furniture of a clothing retail store is addressed. A set of indicators are considered to evaluate the sustainability performance of both initial design and redesign. The study concludes that the application of different sustainability strategies allows a significant enhancement of the environmental and economic indicators.
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Aued-Pimentel, Sabria. "Olive Oil in Brazil: Economic and Regulatory Control Aspects." In Products from Olive Tree. InTech, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/64539.

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Yang, N. "Social economic aspects of egg production in China." In Improving the Safety and Quality of Eggs and Egg Products. Elsevier, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1533/9780857093912.1.17.

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Sen, Subhasis, Kannan Rajagopal, and Kinkini Bhattacharjee. "Marketing of Greener Products." In Handbook of Research on Economic and Political Implications of Green Trading and Energy Use. IGI Global, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-8547-3.ch017.

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The objective of the chapter is to discuss different aspects of marketing of greener products with some secondary source information. The theoretical analysis and the data reveal that there have been increasing implications of different generations towards greener or ecological products. More specifically, the younger generations prefer the greener products more as compared to older population.
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Conference papers on the topic "Economic aspects of Substitute products"

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Azgün, Sabri, Ziya Çağlar Yurttançıkmaz, Mine Gerni, and Selahattin Sarı. "Determination of the Level of Intra Industry Trade and Sectoral Competition Power between Turkey and Central Asian Turkic Countries." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c07.01521.

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In terms of Intra-industry trade, international investments, technology transfer and capital movements, has increased the interdependence of countries and increasingly have similar economic structures of countries. Intra-industry trade, is of goods and services with the same or similar factor intensity in production or, two-way trade of goods and services that are close substitutes for each other as the demand side. Intra-industry trade, is extremely important in terms of the determination of competitive aspects and of foreign exchange earnings of the country and industry. The aim of this study is to determine the level of intra-industry trade between Turkey and The Turkic Central Asian countries and productive product and sectors to be advantageous in Turkey's intra-industry trade. In this study, Using The Balassa and Grubel-Lloyd index of Intra-ındustry trade measurement methods will be analyzed the development of intra-industry trade between Turkey and The Turkic Central Asian countries for the period 1995-2013 and highly competitive industry and products will be determined on the basis of foreign trade data in STIC 9 digit.
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Kundius, Valentina, Irina Kovaleva, and Olga Rushchitskaya. "Special Aspects of Formation of Organic Products Food Market Segment." In Proceedings of the Ecological-Socio-Economic Systems: Models of Competition and Cooperation (ESES 2019). Atlantis Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.200113.105.

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HORSKA, Elena, Alim PULATOV, and Khabibullo PIRMATOV. "ECONOMIC ASPECTS OF VALUE ADDED AGRICULTURE IN UZBEKISTAN." In RURAL DEVELOPMENT. Aleksandras Stulginskis University, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.15544/rd.2017.213.

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The goal of this paper is to analyse socio-economic role of value added agriculture in Uzbekistan. The main agricultural exports are cotton (raw and yarn), fruits, vegetables, leather, wool and fur. There is an opportunity to acquire more social and economic advantages by exporting finished goods, which are made out of primary agricultural commodities. Adding value to agricultural products lead to increasing the share of finished goods in export, supplying import-substituting products, improving infrastructure in rural areas, providing new jobs and growing people’s income. The paper presents the analyse of the agriculture sector in GDP and the production dynamics of the primary agricultural commodities during 2005-2014, as well as comparison the share of cotton, fruits, vegetables and leather in export in 2005 and 2014. Based on the analyses it is recommended to widely use value added agriculture in order to support people, who are living in rural areas in Uzbekistan.
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De´pince´, P., D. Chablat, E. Noe¨l, and P. O. Woelk. "The Virtual Manufacturing Concept: Scope, Socio-Economic Aspects and Future Trends." In ASME 2004 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2004-57682.

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The research area “Virtual Manufacturing (VM)” is the use of information technology and computer simulation to model real world manufacturing processes for the purpose of analysing and understanding them. As automation technologies such as CAD/CAM have substantially shortened the time required to design products, Virtual Manufacturing will have a similar effect on the manufacturing phase thanks to the modelling, simulation and optimisation of the product and the processes involved in its fabrication. After a description of Virtual Manufacturing (definitions and scope), we present some socio-economic factors of VM and finaly some “hot topics” for the future are proposed.
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Gonzalez, Ricardo S., and Gilles Flamant. "Technical and Economic Feasibility Analysis of Using Concentrated Solar Thermal Technology in the Cement Production Process: Hybrid Approach — A Case Study." In ASME 2013 7th International Conference on Energy Sustainability collocated with the ASME 2013 Heat Transfer Summer Conference and the ASME 2013 11th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2013-18143.

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Currently, increasing world population demands a higher cement production. Therefore atmospheric emissions and energy consumption become two of the most important environmental and economic issues. Fuel and electricity consumption for the production of cement represent 40% of the total production cost [1]. It is known that cement production is an energy-intensive process which contributes with approximately 5% of the worldwide carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions [2] [3]. By using Concentrated Solar Thermal (CST) at the calcination process in the cement production line, CO2 emissions can be reduced by 40% and savings of up to 60% through fuel substitution can be obtained if all the fuel used at the calcination step is substituted. The aim of the study is not to propose a detailed design of the solar process but to examine and quantify the various options in order to define the favorable economic conditions and the technical issues to face in a conventional cement plant aiming: substituting energy sources and achieving continuous operation of the cement plant employing a hybrid mode. Three options related with how to apply the CST technology were evaluated. The best solution is a Central Tower with Solar Reactor at the Top of the Tower since it allows energy substitution with high thermal energy efficiency. This implies, compared with the other options, the minimum changes in the process. Several energy substitution scenarios are investigated considering different energy losses and amount of energy to be replaced. It was found that the solar energy availability is not a constraint, meaning that from the technical point of view it is possible to replace up to 100% of the energy requirements for the calcination process. Economic results are promissory since the application of the proposed approach (Go Process) became attractive. The Payback Time (PBT) obtained (from 6 to 10 years) is lower when it is compared with the PBT for applications of CST for electricity production. Besides, the IRR values obtained (from 8% to 11%) are adequate in accordance with the typical values expected by most of the equity investors in renewable energy projects (between 8% and 12%) [4]. It is expected that CST technology will become more attractive and profitable due to economic aspects like increments in fossil fuels and alternative fuels cost and the current deployment of the CST technology to produce electricity. Other aspects such as more strict legislation related with CO2 emissions combined with encouraging legislation to use of renewable energy also play an important role in the economic attractiveness of the proposed application.
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Michalek, Jeremy J., Chris T. Hendrickson, and Jonathan Cagan. "Using Economic Input-Output Life Cycle Assessment to Guide Sustainable Design." In ASME 2011 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2011-47664.

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Successful design for the environment (DfE) requires the designer to understand the life cycle impact of design decisions. However, estimating life cycle implications of design choices using traditional process-based life cycle assessment (LCA) is typically too time- and resource-intensive to be practical as part of the design process. We examine the use of economic input-output life cycle assessment (EIO-LCA) as a tool to support sustainable design by helping the designer to quickly determine which aspects of the product dominate its lifetime emissions. Compared to traditional process-based LCA, EIO-LCA produces estimates at a more aggregated level using data on economic transactions and emissions from each sector of the economy. However, EIO-LCA computes full supply chain emissions associated with output from a particular sector in seconds, and for many products these aggregate-level data are sufficient to determine which aspects of the product dominate and to guide sustainable design efforts. We explore two product design examples where a quick scoping exercise with EIO-LCA identifies clear areas of focus for design improvement and innovation.
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Nazarmatova, Kasira, and Saule Ermekbaeva. "Food Security is one of the Most Important Conditions for Economic Development." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c03.00579.

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Food security is one of the most important aspects of socio-economic development in Kyrgyzstan. Therefore, studies done in this field of research are of significant theoretical and practical interest. Resolutions of food security issues are one of the conditions for the preservation of state sovereignty, economic security and social stability in society, ultimately, national security. Food safety is important, in terms of strategic interests of the country, and its solution requires: to satisfy public demand for food products; providing industry with raw materials of local manufacture; preservation of social, political and social stability in society; to prevent dependency of the national economy on changes; conditions related to the world markets, the development of internal agricultural production, food and processing industry; neutralization of some import to ensure stable employment and income in rural areas; preservation of ethnic - national characteristics of the local population by creating opportunities for 'survival' of the village: prevention of major foreign exchange expenditure on food imports: the neutralization of the negative impact on the local food market crises in foreign countries - exporters and importers of food products.
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Qiujie, Chen. "INTERACTIONS IN THE DAIRY INDUSTRY BETWEEN CHINA AND RUSSIA: STATUS AND PROSPECTS." In SOCIO-ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT OF THE RUSSIAN EAST: NEW CHALLENGES AND STRATEGIC GUIDELINES. Khabarovsk: KSUEL Editorial and Publishing Center, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.38161/978-5-7823-0746-2-2021-94-101.

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The article shows that currently the Sino-Russian interaction in the dairy industry includes four aspects: trade in dairy products, exchange of experience in the dairy industry, investment cooperation and interaction at the state level. I n general, the opportunities and challenges of Sino-Russian cooperation in the dairy industry coexist, China and Russia continue to develop the dairy industry. There is a broad perspective of cooperation to achieve mutual benefits and win-win results.
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Zeverte-Rivza, Sandija, and Ina Gudele. "Digitalisation in times of COVID-19 - the behavioural shifts in enterprises and individuals in the Sector of Bioeconomy." In 22nd International Scientific Conference. “Economic Science for Rural Development 2021”. Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies. Faculty of Economics and Social Development, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.22616/esrd.2021.55.004.

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Although our daily life within a modern society is unimaginable without the use of information and communication technologies (ICT), the COVID-19 crisis really highlighted the ways we can maximise the use of digital technologies in optimising our work in distance working conditions with limited ability to contact each other physically, make direct sales and ensure the physical document rotation. All these limitations have pushed the governmental organisations, enterprises, and households to utilize numerous means of digital services and digital transformation aspects that had been started to be used, but the last year has rapidly pushed forward such aspects of digitalisation as digital sales, distance work using co-working platforms and cloud storage, electronic signature of documents and others. This study aims to assess the trends in online sales and use of e-tools from the perspective of enterprises and individuals in Europe in the sector of bioeconomy with the focus of the Baltic States and Latvia that could be used to strengthen the digitalisation component during and post COVID-19. In this paper, the authors have reviewed the scientific literature, policy planning documents, analysed relevant statistical data, performed statistical analysis, and estimated the tendency of the use of eSignatures in Latvia by applying the Holt's two-parameter model of exponential smoothing. The main results indicate a significant increase in motivation towards digitalisation that has increased rapidly in line with the necessity for an online shopping and distance work setting. Authors suggest supporting this tendency also in the after-COVID life, which would have a great impact on the overall digital transformation and potential to unlock new markets for bio-based products.
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Medyna, Galina, Eric Coatane´a, and Dominique Millet. "Evaluation of Parts of a Boat Cabin Based on Exergy: Focusing on Environmental and Economic Assessments." In ASME 2011 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2011-63333.

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Product and process engineering design is a complex problem which relies on multiple fields, and while many design aid tools exist they rarely take into account more than a single field or aspect at a time. This implies that a few tools have to used for a single project, making the engineer, or designer, juggle among them or favouring a single aspect. Many existing environmental assessment tools on the market only focus on environmental aspects, which are extremely important in today’s impact conscious context but are not enough to make viable products and processes. Moreover the tools often require precise data which is only known during the late stages of design when it is too late to make any significant changes. The aim of the current work is to further develop and test a multi-domain modelling framework, for the early stages of product and process design, which primarily focuses on environmental assessment but also takes into account economic aspects and can be expanded to further fields, such as risk. The two bases for the proposed framework are exergy, a measure of useful work that can be, unlike energy, both created and destroyed, and dimensional analysis, a widely used tool in engineering to model problems through dimensional homogeneity. The environmental and economic assessments proposed by the tool are illustrated on the case of insulation of the cabin on a passenger ferry and the environmental results are compared to those from two existing methodologies, Eco-Indicator and Cumulative Exergy Demand.
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