Academic literature on the topic 'Economic aspects of Television broadcasting of sports'

Introduction. Research on live broadcasting television and interactive projects is an important contribution not only to the history and theory of social communications, but also a promising field for further research of this type of broadcasting that can be also applied to the investigation of the Internet. Generalization and distinguishing features of this type of broadcasting are less common in the scientific community. During the research the following methods were used: historical and historical-comparative to analyze and organize data concerning ways of live broadcasting and interactive programs formation; systematization, classification, and clustering methods were used to get generalizations. A comparative method was implemented to distinguish common and diverse features of different types of broadcasting which are used in broadcast journalism. The content analysis method was applied for the organization of data concerning the development of programs, which use the interaction with the viewer as a certain communicative technology. The purpose of our study is to formulate a certain concept of genre features that are typical for interactive and live television broadcasting. We set out the following tasks: to distinguish the features of interactive and live broadcasting; outline their particularities in the different types of broadcasting and offer promising directions for using that type of broadcasting. This allowed us to distinguish the difference between live and interactive broadcasting, to focus on time and duration of interaction, to trace the use of different genres in these types of programs, to distinguish their specific features, to generalize and classify them, to identify promising directions of research. Results and conclusions. Live interactive television is characterized by a genre-themed variety. Language-communication and an improvisational script are mainly used in live broadcasting that motivates the audience to engage, provides lasting interest, trust, and positive changes in the image of the channel. News uses live broadcasting as the main way of organization of information (using «live» or stream of momentous events broadcasting), the use of interactivity in this type of broadcasting is indirect and is more oriented to further communication using individual touchpoints. Analytical programs are represented by various conversations in-studio and telemarathon. Viewer interaction is limited to the «viewer as one of the audience» type. Entertainment broadcasting is presented in such formats as Life-Show, Reality-Show (one of its varieties is Talent-Show), and Intelligence-Show, where interaction with the viewer is one of the formative factors. We see the benefits of this type of television among other forms of broadcasting in economic, dramatic, ideological, and communication aspects. Keywords: interactive television, communication, media audience, live television, television content.

<span>&lt;div style=’text-align:</span><span>center</span><span>;’&gt;</span>The writing of this paper analyzes the legal position contained in the Law relating to public health broadcast programs. Further review of the legal aspects of public health broadcast programs that researchers do are not limited to understanding the legal construction that applies in the positivism perspective, but researchers conduct legal reconstruction of public health broadcast programs on television broadcasting institutions with a post-positivism perspective approach namely conceptualizing the law as a set of rules of enactment are influenced by economic, political and social cultural factors. Then there is a need for regulative efforts in the context of the spectrum of balancing laws relating to market regulation and state regulation. The results of the discussion found the following conclusions: First, there was no harmonization in the legal spectrum relating to public health service broadcast programs on television which were dominated in the form of promotions, commercial advertisements, and publications relating to drugs. Second, the laws and regulations governing public health service broadcast programs in broadcasting institutions have not encouraged strong public awareness about the highest degree of health. Third, the public health service broadcast program has a social impact on the interests of the community that is in the form of community self-awareness but also has an economic impact especially for the drug industry and hospitals. However in regulative, it has not provided a framework for social and economic impacts. <span>&lt;/div&gt;</span>

Publicly funded broadcasters with a track record in science programming would appear ideally placed to represent climate change to the lay public. Free from the constraints of vested interests and the economic imperative, public service providers are better equipped to represent the scientific, social and economic aspects of climate change than commercial media, where ownership conglomeration, corporate lobbyists and online competition have driven increasingly tabloid coverage with an emphasis on controversy. This prime-time snapshot of the Australian Broadcasting Corporation’s main television channel explores how the structural/rhetorical conventions of three established public service genres – a science programme, a documentary and a live public affairs talk show – impact on the representation of anthropogenic climate change. The study findings note implications for public trust, and discuss possibilities for innovation in the interests of better public understanding of climate change.

There are different marketing activities generating money for sport subjects depending on their properties which are offered for commercial exploitation. Marketing consists of different tools and ways how to generate money for sport such as selling of broadcasting (TV) and media rights, sponsorship, merchandising, licensing, ticketing, charities, donations, patronages. From the legal point of view, it is interesting to explore how different marketing tools are regulated. Certain parts of marketing matters are covered by legal rules. In 2011 Commission on Marketing and Advertising of the International Chamber of Commerce (ICC) issued the latest version of the ICC International Advertising and Marketing Communication Code. The document applies to different forms of sponsorship relating to corporate image, brands, products, activities or events of any kind. It includes sponsorship by both commercial and non-commercial organizations. The basic connection represents association between sports property and sponsor brand as a tool how to transfer image of the sport to the sponsor. The nature of the Code implies good governance in the field of sponsorship. Special attention deserves the principle of respecting the sponsorship property. The Code represents a useful opportunity for companies, business, associations, courts of law, public authorities, self regulatory bodies on national and international level and other institutions which are supposed to solve disputes in sponsorship cases. European Union law together with national legislation of EU members have set up rules for advertising sector of TV broadcast. Television without Frontiers Broadcasting Directive consists with the detailed time and other limitations for different situations. As EU directive does not regulate visual coverage of sponsor logos and other insignia visible during sport competition on TV that means that sponsors and other subjects do not need to respect rules of the directive. In the absence of formal legislation on national and international level the ICC Code represent a very useful tool to handle sponsorship agreements and possible disputes which could arise from them. The Code is designed primarily as an instrument for self-discipline. On the other hand it is also intended for use as an interpretative aid for the parties in the clarification of uncertainties arising under the sponsorship, as well as a reference for courts or arbitrators in sponsorship disputes.

The article discusses the methodology for calculating the amount of material damage that is inflicted on the owners of related rights to distribute television programs (television companies and individuals who have acquired exclusive and non-exclusive property rights to distribute television programs). The legislative framework for economic examinations in the field of intellectual property is analyzed. The main cases of calculating the amount of damages depending on the category of the owner of related rights to broadcast TV channels are given. The calculation of the amount of material damage for the violation of related property rights to broadcast television channels is carried out for the period proven, as part of investigative actions, the time of violation. Usually, economic expertise in the field of intellectual property is preceded by a number of technical examinations, which are carried out by experts in the field of telecommunications in order to confirm the fact of illegal broadcasting of TV channels. According to paragraph 26 of the National Standard № 4 «Evaluation of Intellectual Property Rights», the amount of damages for illegal use of an object of intellectual property rights is determined as of the valuation date using the valuation procedure for accumulating profit (income) that the subject of the intellectual property right did not receive and / or the licensee, as a result of the illegal use of the object of intellectual property rights and, based on the volume of production and / or sale of counterfeit products. Now, in the field of broadcasting, the main media groups enter into licensing agreements for broadcasting with legal entities that represent their interests and conclude sublicensing agreements on their own behalf. They are of two types – with the transfer of an exclusive license to distribute programs using DVB-C / MITPIC / MMDS / TELESELO / analog network, IPTV, OTT and DTH and a non-exclusive license to distribute programs using DVB-C / MITPIC / MMDS / TELESELO / analog network, IPTV, OTT and DTH. In the case of the transfer of exclusive property rights to calculate the amount of material damage, the author considers it expedient to obtain information from the investigation (by sending a corresponding petition) under similar sub-licensing agreements with other providers, which are “similar” to the so-called company-violator. Consequently, the amount of material damage caused to the owner of related property rights, as a result of an illegal broadcast, is calculated as an arithmetic average of the amounts of similar sublicensing contracts, that is, using the procedure of income accumulation. If a legal entity applies to law enforcement agencies that owns non-exclusive proprietary rights to distribute programs using DVB-C / MITPIC / MMDS / TELESELO / analog network, IPTV, OTT and DTH, then Art. 1108 of the Civil Code of Ukraine “A non-exclusive license does not exclude the possibility for the licensor to use an object of intellectual property rights in an area that is limited by this license and to issue licenses to others to use this object in this area” So, according to the author, a legal entity that owns non-exclusive property rights does not bear material damage. Key words: exclusive license, nonexclusive license, material damage.

Purpose: This research aims to analyze the implementation of the regulation of the board of directors of the TVRI public broadcasting institution regarding non-civil servants (Study at the Indonesian Television Public Broadcasting Institute (TVRI), East Nusa Tenggara Station. Research methodology: In this study, the authors used an interpretive research paradigm. The interpretive approach aims to understand the "world of human experience". In this study, the total population was 110 people consisting of 27 non-civil servants and 83 civil servants. Furthermore, purposively, the researcher selected 11 people as informants with details of 1 Head of the Office as Key Informants and 10 non-civil servants as Ordinary Informants Results: The conclusions of this study can be grouped into four aspects, namely actors, organizations, procedures, and techniques. Limitations: this research only analyzes the implementation of policies on the development of Indonesian migrant workers' families in the field of economic empowerment in Kupang city. Contribution: This research becomes scientific information for public administration science. Keywords: Regulations, Implementation, Broadcasting agency, Non-Civil Servant

Nowadays media has developed broadly and it consists of several television networks, press, radio, etc. On the one side, such media development has positive impact, but on the other side, it has negative impact which affects education and formation of new generations. As a basketballer and trainer of young ages I will focus in the role of media in the education of children from the sports point of view. Technological and economic development after the ‘90s brought with it a new approach: - unequal broadcasting of television programmes for all the sports disciplines, because in our country, for economic interests, only football is covered and such abuse goes to the point of using the term “sports news” and the only news is about football, or even Albanian sports newspaper in which the only information is about football. Wouldn’t it be better to say “Albanian football” instead?! The contrary one finds in the “Albanian sports” which pages cover all sports. Moreover, such phenomenon has negative impact on the education of generations that increasing are dreaming about football, spend money about football, avoid other alternatives thinking that football is the only way to have a luxury living, being rich and famous.

Live events are central to television production. Live sporting events, in particular, reliably draw big audiences, even though more consumers unsubscribe from cable to stream content on-demand. Traditionally, the mediated production of these sporting events have used technical and production crews working together on-site at the event. But technological advances have created a new production model, allowing the production crew to cover the event from a broadcast production hub, miles away, while the technical crew still works from the event itself. These remote integration model productions have been implemented around the world and across all forms of sports broadcasting, following a push for economic efficiency—fundamental in a capitalist system. This manuscript is a commentary on the effects of the COVID-19 global crisis on sports productions, with a focus on remote integration model productions. More specifically, the authors argue that the number of remote sports productions will grow exponentially faster, due to the pandemic, than they would have under normal economic circumstances. The consequences on sport media education and research are further discussed, and a call for much needed practice-based sports production research is made.

Migration from analog to digital technology, requires a lot of preparation, both from the side of the device, the regulation of the broadcasting industry, and the society. This study refers to the Diffusion of Innovations theory (the theory of Diffusion of Innovation) (Rogers, 1986) that try to explain how an innovation (technology) can be accepted into the community, through a process of decision. The aim of the research is to find out the relationship between socio-economic characteristics of the innovation and decision-making broadcast of digital television. This research uses a quantitative approach with descriptive methods aim to find out the relationship between socio-economic characteristics of the innovation and decision-making broadcast of digital television. The research was carried out in seven counties/cities in West Java Province and Banten Province. The selection of samples is carried out by Multistage Random Cluster Sampling. The number of samples as many as 813 people assigned by Proportional Sampling techniques, with the character category of respondents age 15 years until 64 years. Significance test results with the method at the rate of 5% Pearson pointed out that, the relationship between innovation decision-making variables with socio-economic characteristics on three aspects, namely, education, income, and spending is weak and insignificant, while on access to information, the value of relationships and significant. This suggests the necessity of strengthening the capacity of absorption of community efforts in the face of digital broadcast television, can be done by fixing the value of any existing components on the operational level. As a priority, is how the effort to improve the economy of society, especially in terms of education, income, and expenditure permonth.

The analysis of the draft law On Media No. 2693, submitted for consideration by the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine in December 2019. The official reason for its development was the lack of working mechanisms to ensure information security and protection of the national media space of Ukraine in a hybrid war. The main task of our study is an attempt to determine the place of the bill in the reformed system of legal regulation of the media in Ukraine, from a position neutral to the process of the scientific community. (The following draft law On Misinformation, which is also under consideration by the Verkhovna Rada, speaks in favor of a systematic policy of reforms in the media sector of Ukraine). To this end, a detailed content analysis was conducted, which showed that the potentially ambiguous wording of the adopted document at the stage of its enforcement leaves the regulatory authorities free to interpret them depending on the interests of the parties, rather than on the letter of the law. The key to understanding the risks associated with its entry into force is the section on the National Television and Radio Broadcasting Council of Ukraine, which will have jurisdiction over all aspects of the country's media structures, including economic ones. Thus, the proposed material may be of interest and be considered as a contribution to the development of criteria for a comprehensive scientific analysis of the legislation governing media structures, while the need for the participation of the scientific community in the development of such documents and public discussion at the stage of their preparation is obvious.

Thesis (PhD)--Macquarie University, Division of Society, Culture, Media and Philosophy, Department of International Communication, 2009.
Bibliography: p. 431-447.
Introduction -- Literature review -- Methodology -- The development and the actual situation of television industry in China -- Commercial television in the U.S. and public television in the U.K. -- Results and discussion -- Conclusions and recommendations -- Bibliography.
Over the past five decades, China's television industry has gone through various historical periods, which have seen marked changes in China's political and economic spheres, indeed in Chinese society overall. Over the last thirty years, since the reform and opening up of China in 1978, transformation of the original television systems, structure and industrial market chain has been attempted concomitant with the gradual relaxation of the restrictions applicable to China's television industry. Within these circumstances, the Chinese government, media practitioners, and scholars are actively exploring long-term, feasible and sustainable approaches to the further development of the television industry in China. The research examines China's approaches to the development of its television industry, using McQuail's political, economic and social framework, the relevant political economy traditions involving the neoclassic paradigm and the heterodox approach, and the principles of media economics and the 'market chain' theory of the television industry. This thesis first presents a concise review of how television developed in China: it then seeks to map perceived changes and to ascertain the problems throughout the process. Research methods employed are secondary data analysis, in-depth interview and focus group. Chinese scholars, officials and media practitioners are the participants of interviews and focus groups. The discussion draws on previous analyses and discussions, to assess the overall picture of television industrialisation reformation in China, additionally drawing on discourses surrounding commercial television in the United States and public television in the United Kingdom for valuable reference material that will support China's television development. The significance of this research lies in its providing an insight into China's television reformation and adding, to the field of communication and development, the Chinese experience. The research expects to propose a television development pathway with Chinese characteristics, drawing on Chinese as well as Western theories.
Mode of access: World Wide Web.
xix, 461 p. ill

Nation-building has always been considered the responsibility of a public service broadcaster while, on the other hand, commercial broadcasters are associated with profitmaking. This study was designed to investigate whether a commercially driven broadcasting venture could be used for the purposes of nation-building; The case of Lesotho Television. Established by the Lesotho Government in partnership with M-net, Lesotho Television informs, educates and entertains, thus attempting to follow the tenets of public service broadcasting. Upon its establishment in 1988, Lesotho Television was mandated to contribute in the nation-building initiatives of the Lesotho leaders. The station, which is embedded within the South African based pay-channel M-Net, was expected to positively contribute in the Lesotho Government's endeavours to re-build the nation divided along political lines. In the discussion I highlight the fact that Lesotho Television encounters some problems due to the paradoxical relationship between it and M-Net (The former aspiring to serve as a public service broadcaster while the latter is a commercial television service). Nevertheless, considering its programming and activities, Lesotho Television contributes in nation-building. Therefore, I conclude that the potential for Lesotho Television to inform, educate and entertain would seem to outweigh the limitations.
Thesis (M.A.)-University of Natal, Durban, 2001.

崔瑋.
"2006年9月"
論文(哲學碩士)--香港中文大學, 2006.
參考文獻(leaves 132-141).
"2006 nian 9 yue"
Abstracts in Chinese and English.
Cui Wei.
Can kao wen xian (leaves 132-141).
Lun wen (zhe xue shuo shi)--Xianggang Zhong wen da xue, 2006.
Chapter 第一章 --- 導言
湖南電視爲硏究個案：變革中的中國省級電視 --- p.2
結構槪述 --- p.5
Chapter 第二章 --- 文獻回顧與理論綜述
Chapter 第一節： --- 文化全球化的議題 --- p.7
Chapter 第二節： --- 中國傳媒商業化與傳媒改革 --- p.20
Chapter 第三節： --- 相關理論參考 --- p.26
Chapter 第三章 --- 硏究問題與硏究方法
Chapter 一： --- 硏究問題和硏究範疇 --- p.34
Chapter 二： --- 硏究意義 --- p.36
Chapter 三： --- 硏究方法 --- p.38
Chapter 第四章 --- 中國電視政治經濟格局與湖南電視
Chapter 一： --- 政治經濟改革中的中國省級電視：從宣傳工具到文化產業 --- p.41
Chapter 二： --- 中國電視市場的體制結構與央視的壟斷 --- p.45
Chapter 三： --- 湖南電視的體制與生產經營結構 --- p.49
Chapter 第五章 --- 硏究發現：政治經濟矛盾變遷中的湖南電視改革
第一階段：拔河期 --- p.56
第二階段：市場爲主導的“保護色´ح期 --- p.61
本章小結 --- p.81
Chapter 第六章 --- 硏究發現：文化全球化下的本土化創新
Chapter 一： --- 本土化創新發生的環境以及政經條件 --- p.84
Chapter 二： --- 全球文化對本土電視節目的影響 --- p.87
Chapter 三： --- 本土化創新的過程和模式 --- p.94
Chapter 四： --- 本土化創新循環的模型 --- p.100
Chapter 五： --- “本土化´ح後的市場 --- p.102
本章小結 --- p.113
Chapter 第七章 --- 硏究解讀：文化全球化與湖南電視
Chapter 一： --- “麥當勞´ح文化與傳媒政治經濟關係 --- p.114
Chapter 二： --- 文化全球化提升黨辦電視商業化 --- p.119
Chapter 三： --- 解讀變革中的組織傳媒產品的回饋與互動 --- p.122
Chapter 第八章 --- 總結和討論
硏究總結 --- p.125
討論 --- p.128
參考文章和書目
英文 --- p.133
中文 --- p.139
附錄
附錄一：湖南廣電大事時間脈絡表 --- p.143
附錄二 ：深度訪談人員名錄 --- p.144
附錄三：湖南衛視參考資料 --- p.146
附錄四：《超級女聲》參考資料 --- p.148

Botswana is considered an exemplary democracy in Africa. It is imperative to assess how an enviable democracy could flourish when the most widely available mass media was not independent. The fact is, despite the fact that media has been at the heart of development in Botswana, it has often been ignored in local academic and popular discussions about democracy and governance. A 1994 seminar on the media in a democracy organized by the Mmegi Publishing Trust (Leepile, 1994), was one of the very few forums where the role of the media in Botswana was given any attention. Even then, most the presentations were not substantive, mainly providing basic information about media institutions in Botswana and laws that protect and threaten freedom of the media. Botswana's contemporary state - media nexus can only be understood within the context of a long history of media dependence and domination by neighbouring South Africa (Zaffiro, 1991) assisted by British colonisation. To appreciate the challenges of cultural production at Botswana Television (BTV) required a study of the problematic encounter between the quest for creative and professional freedom within BTV on the one hand,·and the authoritarian gaze of state power on the other hand. BTV operated under an ill-defined broadcasting model, of a state bureaucratic arm, attempting to fulfil the ethos of public service broadcasting. Through the lens of the Newsroom, in-house productions, commissioning and procurement of foreign and local content, the study shows the subtle ways in which state ownership of the media compromises freedom of expression and freedom of information in Botswana. Yet, Botswana continued to enjoy that status of Africa's exemplar of democracy. Good governance indicators consistently gave media in Botswana cursory attention, thereby reinforcing state authoritarianism in Botswana. With a media dominated by state power, Botswana still emerged as exemplary. This complicated the quest for the ideal communication environment towards democratization in the Third World, particularly in a globalizing context. In situations such as that of Botswana, where the institutions that should protect the media from government control are either absent or weak, universal ideals on media freedom are often not enough. Media practitioners are more likely to find support in the local discourses, repertoires and cultures that call upon all, regardless of status, to tolerate opposition. A local tradition of the kgotla in particular, often heralded as Botswana's indigenous form of democracy, is placed in this chapter, at the heart of much of the freedom, limited as it may be, that BTV enjoyed.
Thesis (Ph.D.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, 2007.

He Huijie.
Thesis submitted in: October 2004.
Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2005.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 157-160).
Abstracts in English and Chinese; questionnaire in Chinese.
Chapter Chapter One: --- Introduction --- p.1
An Introduction to Phoenix Satellite Television --- p.3
Television as a Medium --- p.9
Research Questions --- p.13
Chapter Chapter Two: --- Literature Review --- p.15
Review for the Sociological Approach on Media Studies --- p.15
Review of the Perspective of Political Economy of Communication --- p.21
Review for Related Chinese Communication Studies --- p.26
Chapter Chapter Three: --- Methodology --- p.31
Quantitative Research----Content Analysis --- p.31
Chapter 1. --- The Selection of Sample --- p.31
Chapter 2. --- Research Method-´ؤ-Content Analysis --- p.36
Chapter 3. --- Inter-coder Reliability --- p.39
Qualitative Research-Textual Comparison --- p.39
Chapter 1. --- The Selection of Sample --- p.39
Chapter (1) --- "SARS Reports,2003" --- p.40
Chapter (2) --- "July 1st Demonstration in Hong Kong,2003" --- p.41
Chapter 2. --- Research Method´ؤTextual Comparison --- p.42
Qualitative Research´ؤ´ؤIn-depth Interview --- p.43
Chapter 1. --- The Selection of Sample --- p.43
Chapter 2. --- Research Method----In-depth Interview --- p.44
Qualitative Research´ؤParticipant Observation --- p.45
Chapter Chapter Four: --- Content Analysis --- p.47
Frequency Analysis --- p.47
Chapter 1. --- Analysis --- p.48
Inter-coder Reliability --- p.50
Chapter 2. --- Summary --- p.52
Cross-Tabulation Analysis --- p.53
Chapter 1. --- Analysis Between the Internal Division and the Geographical Division --- p.54
Chapter 2. --- "Analysis Between the Geographical Division and the ""Political Perspective""" --- p.56
Comments --- p.59
News Favoring the Government Happening in Mainland China --- p.61
News Favoring the Government Happening in Hong Kong --- p.64
Chapter 3. --- "Analysis Between News Nature and the ""Political Perspective""" --- p.73
Summary and Questions --- p.75
Chapter Chapter Five: --- Organizational Analysis --- p.78
Chapter Part I: --- Textual Analysis and Comparison --- p.78
SARS Reports --- p.79
"Textual Comparison among TVB, Phoenix and CCTV" --- p.89
July 1 st Demonstration in Hong Kong --- p.92
"Textual Comparison among TVB, Phoenix and CCTV" --- p.102
Chapter Part II: --- Interviews Analysis --- p.105
International News & Political News --- p.105
The Pro-China Political Bias------Hong Kong Problem --- p.110
The Technique of Dealing with Sensitive News Issue --- p.113
Pressure & Self-Censorship --- p.118
Chapter Chapter Six: --- Conclusion and Discussion --- p.122
Conclusion --- p.122
Discussion --- p.126
Appendix-1 Coding Record of The Asian Journal --- p.129
Appendix-2 Inter-coder Reliability --- p.152
Appendix-3 Interview Questionnaire --- p.156
References --- p.157

Achieving widespread access by all European citizens to new services and advanced applications of the information society is one of the crucial goals of the European Union’s (EU) strategic framework for the future. Towards realizing this primary target, multiple access platforms are expected to become available, using different access methods for delivery of services (and of related digital content) to a wide variety of end-user terminals, thus creating an “always-on” and properly “converged” technological and business environment, all able to support and to promote innovation and growth (Commission of the European Communities, 2005). The result will be a “complementarity” of services and markets in an increasingly sophisticated way. Economic and technology choices imply certain networks for certain service options. As these networks become more powerful, the temptation is to adapt certain characteristics of the network technology to make it suitable for modern services. The challenge is to build “bridges” or “links” between the different convergent technologies without undermining the business models on which they are built. In such a context, converging technology means that innovative systems and services are under development with inputs, contributions, and traditions from multiple industries, including telecommunications, broadcasting, Internet service provision, computer and software industries, and media and publishing industries, where the significance of standardization and interoperability can be fundamental. In any case, digital technology can offer the potential for realizing the future electronic information highways or integrated broadband communications. However, for the multiplatform environment to proliferate in liberalized markets and for the platforms themselves to complement each other, the related prerequisites and the governing regulatory environment must favor technologically neutral conditions for competition, without giving preference to one platform over others (Chochliouros & Spiliopoulou, 2005a). Among the latest European priorities for further development of the information society sector as described above were several efforts for extending the role of digital television based on a multiplatform approach (European Commission, 2002a). If widely implemented, digital (interactive) television may complement existing PC- and Internet-based access, thus offering a potential alternative for market evolution (Chochliouros, Spiliopoulou, Chochliouros, & Kaloxylos, 2006). In particular, following current market trends, digital television and third generation (3G) mobile systems driven by commonly adopted standards can open up significant possibilities for a variety of platform access to services, offering great features of substitution and complementarity. The same option holds for the supporting networks as well (European Commission, 2003a). Within the above fast developing and fully evolutionary context, the thematic objective of digital video broadcasting (DVB) applications (including both the underlying network infrastructures and corresponding services offered) can influence a great variety of areas (http://www.dvb.org). In particular, DVB stands as a suite of internationally accepted open standards, mainly related to digital television- and data-oriented applications. These standards (in most cases already tested and adopted in the global marketplace) are maintained by the so-called DVB Project, an industry-driven consortium with more than 300 distinct members, and they are officially published by a joint technical committee (JTC) of the European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI), the European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization (CENELEC), and the European Broadcasting Union (EBU). The existing DVB standards cover all aspects of digital television, that is, from transmission through interfacing, conditional access, and interactivity for digital video, audio, and data. In particular, DVB not only includes the transmission and distribution of television program material in digital format over various media, but also a choice of associated features (considered for exploiting capabilities of all underlying technologies). However, market benefits can be best achieved if a “harmonized” approach, based on a longterm perspective, is adopted since the beginning of all corresponding efforts, intending to facilitate a progressive development towards new (and more advanced) services in a smooth and compatible manner (Oxera, 2003). An essential precondition for this progress is the adoption, in the market sector, of common standards which, while providing necessary clarity for both producers and consumers in the short term for early introduction of digital television facilities, also supply the potential for subsequent smooth upgrading to new and higher grades of service. Thus, in the framework of competitive and liberalized environments DVB can support major efforts for the penetration (and the effective adoption) of enhanced multimedia-based services (Fenger & Elwood-Smith, 2000) independently of the type and/or format of the content offered while simultaneously promoting broadband opportunities. Furthermore, being fully conformant to the requirements imposed by convergence’s aspect, DVB can advance optimized solutions for different technical communications platforms. The European market has been widely developed in the area of (interactive) digital television (Chochliouros et al., 2006; European Commission, 2003b) and the EU is now leading further deployment through DVB procedures. The focus provided by a common set of technical standards and specifications has given a market advantage and spurred the appearance of innovation perspectives. Baseband: 1) In radio communications systems, the range of frequencies, starting at 0 Hz (DC) and extending up to an upper frequency as required to carry information in electronic form, such as a bitstream, before it is modulated onto a carrier in transmission or after it is demodulated from a carrier in reception. 2) In cable communications, such as those of a local area network (LAN), a method whereby signals are transmitted without prior frequency conversion.