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Journal articles on the topic 'Economic aspects of Veterinary epidemiology'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 5 February 2022

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1

Harris, N. Beth, and Raúl G. Barletta. "Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosisin Veterinary Medicine." Clinical Microbiology Reviews 14, no. 3 (July 1, 2001): 489–512. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/cmr.14.3.489-512.2001.

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SUMMARY Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (basonym M. paratuberculosis) is the etiologic agent of a severe gastroenteritis in ruminants known as Johne's disease. Economic losses to the cattle industry in the United States are staggering, reaching $1.5 billion annually. A potential pathogenic role in humans in the etiology of Crohn's disease is under investigation. In this article, we review the epidemiology, pathogenesis, diagnostics, and disease control measures of this important veterinary pathogen. We emphasize molecular genetic aspects including the description of markers used for strain identification, diagnostics, and phylogenetic analysis. Recent important advances in the development of animal models and genetic systems to study M. paratuberculosis virulence determinants are also discussed. We conclude with proposals for the applications of these models and recombinant technology to the development of diagnostic, control, and therapeutic measures.

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Woźniakowski, Grzegorz, Magdalena Frączyk, Krzysztof Niemczuk, and Zygmunt Pejsak. "Selected aspects related to epidemiology, pathogenesis, immunity, and control of African swine fever." Journal of Veterinary Research 60, no. 2 (June 1, 2016): 119–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jvetres-2016-0017.

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Abstract African swine fever (ASF) is currently one of the most severe viral infections of domestic pigs, wild boars, and other hosts belonging to Suidae family. ASF is also considered as the most complex and devastating infectious and haemorrhagic disease of swine due to its severe socio-economic impact and transboundary character. ASF it is a notifiable disease and due to the lack of specific treatment and vaccine, the disease can be only limited by the administrative measures comprising wild boar hunting and stamping out of affected pigs. ASF occurred for the first time in Kenya in 1921 while in Europe (Portugal) the virus was detected at the end of the 1950s. In spite of successful eradication of this threat in a number of affected regions, the virus remains endemic in both feral and domestic pigs in Africa and Sardinia. The ‘new era’ of ASF started in 2007 after its re-introduction to Georgia. Following its intensive expansion, the virus spread to other Caucasian countries, including the territory of the Russian Federation. In 2014 the virus reached Ukraine, Belarus, and, consequently, European Union countries: Lithuania, Latvia, Estonia, and Poland. The occurrence of ASF in wild boars and pigs had a severe impact on both epidemiology and economy because of the national and international transport and trade consequences. Up to date, starting from the February 2014, eighty ASF cases in wild boar and three outbreaks in domestic pigs have been diagnosed. Taking into account the diverse rate of spread in Poland, this review aims to present and discuss the current state of knowledge on ASF including its epidemiology, pathology, transmission, and perspectives of control.

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Awa, Daniel Ndzingu, and Mbunkah Daniel Achukwi. "Livestock pathology in the central African region: some epidemiological considerations and control strategies." Animal Health Research Reviews 11, no. 2 (January 15, 2010): 235–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1466252309990077.

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AbstractDisease consistently features among the major constraints of livestock production in the central African region, orchestrating important economic losses. This article reviews livestock diseases of economic importance, including foot-and-mouth disease, trypanosomosis and dermatophilosis in cattle, peste des petits ruminants and gastrointestinal helminthosis in sheep and goats, and Newcastle disease in poultry. Some aspects of epidemiology such as pathogen identification, prevalence and risk factors are examined in the light of research findings in the region. Control tools such as vaccines, chemotherapeutic or prophylactic agents, and protocols developed for their efficient use are also reviewed. Constraints to the effective use of these tools have been identified as mostly due to institutional insufficiencies and measures for improvement have been proposed. These include the promotion of private professional veterinary services endowed with greater responsibility in animal health care, creation and promotion of community-based animal health care units in areas of marginal professional coverage, and adoption of a regional approach to the control of diseases of economic importance.

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Weiblen, Carla, Daniela Isabel Brayer Pereira, Valéria Dutra, Isabela de Godoy, Luciano Nakazato, Luís Antonio Sangioni, Janio Morais Santurio, and Sônia de Avila Botton. "Epidemiological, clinical and diagnostic aspects of sheep conidiobolomycosis in Brazil." Ciência Rural 46, no. 5 (May 2016): 839–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0103-8478cr20150935.

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ABSTRACT: Conidiobolomycosis is an emerging disease caused by fungi of the cosmopolitan genus Conidiobolus . Particular strains of Conidiobolus coronatus, Conidiobolus incongruus and Conidiobolus lamprauges , mainly from tropical or sub-tropical origin, cause the mycosis in humans and animals, domestic or wild. Lesions are usually granulomatous and necrotic in character, presenting two clinical forms: rhinofacial and nasopharyngeal. This review includes the main features of the disease in sheep, with an emphasis on the epidemiology, clinical aspects, and diagnosis of infections caused by Conidiobolus spp. in Brazil. In this country, the disease is endemic in the Northeast and Midwest, affecting predominantly woolless sheep breeds and occasioning death in the majority of the studied cases. The species responsible for infections of sheep are C. coronatus and C. lamprauges and the predominant clinical presentation is nasopharyngeal. These fungal infections are very important, since they compromise the health status of the sheep flock and cause serious economic losses to the sheep industry. Thus, research is needed to investigate faster tools for diagnosis and effective methods for the control and treatment of conidiobolomycosis.

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Benkirane, A., and Alwis MCL De. "Haemorrhagic septicaemia, its significance, prevention and control in Asia." Veterinární Medicína 47, No. 8 (March 30, 2012): 234–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/5830-vetmed.

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Haemorrhagic septicaemia (HS) is an endemic disease in most countries of Asia and sub-Saharan Africa. Within the Asian Region, countries can be classified into three categories, on the basis of incidence and distribution of the disease; these are respectively countries where the disease is endemic or sporadic, clinically suspected but not confirmed, or free. Economic losses due to HS are not only confined to losses to the animal industry, but also rice production on account of its high prevalence among draught animals used in rice fields. Only a few attempts have been made to estimate economic losses, the methodologies used in different countries have varied, and many are not based on active surveillance, and a consideration of all components of direct and indirect losses. Most Asian countries rank HS as the most important contagious disease or the most important bacterial disease in cattle and buffaloes. Resource allocation for prevention and control of HS nationally or internationally will evidently depend on a correct estimate of its economic impact. The key factors in prevention and control would be timely and correct reporting, accurate and rapid diagnosis, strategic use of vaccines with the attainment of a high coverage where necessary with a high quality vaccine. National level activities geared towards attainment of these objectives may be with advantage supported and strengthened by international organisations involved in animal health. The present paper attempts to review aspects related to the epidemiology, control and containment of HS in Asia and, proposes some key issues on which a regional programme for HS control in this continent should be centred.

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Goeckmann, Victoria, Sophie Rothammer, and Ivica Medugorac. "Bovine spastic syndrome: a review." Veterinary Record 182, no. 24 (April 20, 2018): 693. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/vr.104814.

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Bovine spastic syndrome (BSS) was described for the first time in 1941. The disease occurs in various—maybe even all—cattle breeds and is a chronic-progressive neuromuscular disorder that commonly affects cattle of at least three years of age. Typical clinical signs of the disease are clonic-tonic cramps of the hindlimbs that occur in attacks. Since BSS does not recover, affected animals can only be treated symptomatically by improving welfare conditions and management factors, or with physical therapy or drugs. Although still not irrevocably proven, BSS is assumed to be a hereditary disease. Therefore, affected animals should be excluded from breeding, which negatively affects economics and breeding. Besides epidemiology, clinical signs, aetiopathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment, this review discusses genetic aspects and differences to the similar disease bovine spastic paresis. Furthermore, this review also picks up the discussion on possible parallels between human multiple sclerosis and BSS as a further interesting aspect, which might be of great interest for future research.

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7

Jacobs‐Reitsma, W. F. "Aspects of epidemiology ofcampylobacterin poultry." Veterinary Quarterly 19, no. 3 (September 1997): 113–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01652176.1997.9694753.

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8

Fedichkina, Tatiana P., L. G. Solenova, I. E. Zykova, S. V. German, A. V. Modestova, V. A. Kislitsyn, Yu A. Rakhmanin, and I. P. Bobrovnitsky. "Socio-economic aspects of epidemiology of helicobateriosis." Hygiene and sanitation 95, no. 9 (October 28, 2019): 861–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.18821/0016-9900-2016-95-9-861-864.

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There are considered special social and economic aspects of the epidemiology of Helicobacter pylori. These aspects acquired the particular importance for the last time due to the fact that the provision of the people with pure water has been becoming the focus of the attention of geopolitical and socio-economic interests in a number of countries. The availability ofpure drinking water serves a marker of the socio-economic state of the territory and the population living there. In Russia where different climatic conditions are deposited by considerable regional differences in the conditions of communal services caused both by various level of the socio-economic development of the territory, the supplementation with pure drinking water serves as the social determinant of the ecological conditions of the population’s life. This particularly has impact on the unfeasible technical state of the water distribution systems, microorganism ecology of which can substantially affect public health. The performed by authors a specialized screening ofpresented at the official web site of the joint-stock company «Mosvodokanal» current data concerning the quality of drinking water consumed by 2500 Moscovites, tested for the Helicobacter pylori infection revealed no deviations from the sanitary standards in the water received by the consumers. Along with that, the comparison of the map documents of the distribution of the Helicobacter pylori infection in Moscow with the distribution of citizens’ complaints of the decline of the quality of tap water has revealed a territorial fastening of the high values of the population infection rate of n^ylori and the urban sites with the greatest number of complaints. In the microbial ecology of water-distribution systems there are tightly aligned problems of their epidemiological safety, technical state and economic damage caused by corrosion as a result of microbiotic activity. In contrast to acute bacterial and viral infections which are deemed of the greatest importance when assessing the sanitary condition of water sources and water-distribution systems, the consequences of infection with H. pylori may not be manifestedfor a long time but some years later they may be manifested as serious chronic diseases (from gastritis to adenocarcinoma of the stomach and a wide range of extraintestinal pathologies), which causes great social and economic losses. Thus, the socio-economic aspect of the epidemiology of helicobacteriosis includes at least two components: the technic - the maintenance of the feasible technic and sanitary state of the water distribution systems and the medico-social - expenditures for screening and treatment of infected patients. In total they are an inseparable part of the prevention of socially-important diseases in the public health system.

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9

Dorn, C. Richard. "Veterinary epidemiology and its economic importance in A.D. 2000." Preventive Veterinary Medicine 13, no. 2 (June 1992): 129–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0167-5877(92)90097-y.

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10

KANYARI, PWN. "Coccidiosis in goats and aspects of epidemiology." Australian Veterinary Journal 65, no. 8 (August 1988): 257–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-0813.1988.tb14314.x.

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11

BEGG, AP, KG JOHNSTON, DR HUTCHINS, and DJ EDWARDS. "Some aspects of the epidemiology of equine salmonellosis." Australian Veterinary Journal 65, no. 7 (July 1988): 221–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-0813.1988.tb14463.x.

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12

Casemore, D. P. "Epidemiological aspects of human cryptosporidiosis." Epidemiology and Infection 104, no. 1 (February 1990): 1–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0950268800054480.

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The coccidian protozoan parasiteCryptosporidiumhas been described in many host species since its discovery in the early part of the century, but it remained obscure until the recognition by veterinary workers in the 1970s of its importance as a cause of scours in young livestock animals [1–4].

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13

Dekkers, J. C. M., J. H. Ten Hag, and A. Weersink. "Economic aspects of persistency of lactation in dairy cattle." Livestock Production Science 53, no. 3 (March 1998): 237–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0301-6226(97)00124-3.

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14

Jańczak, Dawid, Anna Ruszczak, Ilona Kaszak, Elżbieta Gołąb, and Karolina Barszcz. "Clinical aspects of demodecosis in veterinary and human medicine." Medycyna Weterynaryjna 73, no. 5 (2017): 265–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.21521/mw.5697.

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Mites from the genus Demodex are ectoparasites of many mammals, including humans. There are over 100 Demodex species, which demonstrate strong specificity in host selection [Table 1]. The mites are common in humans. It has been estimated that up to 60% of adults may be infected, but in most cases no symptoms of the disease are present. Demodex multiplication inside sebaceous glands and hair follicles can lead to skin disease in both humans and animals. In humans, the main problem is ocular demodecosis, which can cause chronic conjunctivitis and blepharitis. In this paper, we present the biology and epidemiology of Demodex species in humans as well as in domestic and farm animals. Characteristic lesions, diagnostics and treatment of demodecosis are also described

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15

Muwonge, Adrian, Sydney Malama, Tone B. Johansen, Clovice Kankya, Demelash Biffa, Willy Ssengooba, Jacques Godfroid, Berit Djønne, and Eystein Skjerve. "Molecular Epidemiology, Drug Susceptibility and Economic Aspects of Tuberculosis in Mubende District, Uganda." PLoS ONE 8, no. 5 (May 31, 2013): e64745. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0064745.

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16

Cruz, A. C. M., I. L. F. Rodrigues, A. E. Souza, F. B. Knackfuss, R. L. Silveira, and T. X. Castro. "Molecular detection and clinical aspects of porcine circovirus 3 infection in pigs from Brazil." Arquivo Brasileiro de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia 72, no. 5 (September 2020): 1731–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1678-4162-11924.

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ABSTRACT Porcine circovirus 3 (PCV-3) DNA has been detected in serum samples from apparently healthy pigs as well as pigs with different clinical conditions. Molecular detection of PCV-3 was observed in swine serum samples from Southeastern - Brazil using a nested PCR designed specifically for this study. The epidemiology and clinical aspects of PCV-3 infection were evaluated. The samples originated from 154 pigs of both genders from different production phases and with different clinical presentations, sampled from 31 pig farms visited between 2013 and 2018. In this study, PCV-3 was detected in 26.7% of samples from all populations across varying ages. Statistical association (P=0.0285) was observed only between animals with respiratory signs and PCV-3; no PCV-3-positive animal had diarrhea. No statistical association was observed between PCV-3 and age, or gender of the pigs. Because PCV-3 is a newly discovered virus, there is very little information about its epidemiology. We hope that these data can help in future studies investigating PCV-3 epidemiology.

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Renukaradhya, G. J., S. Isloor, and M. Rajasekhar. "Epidemiology, zoonotic aspects, vaccination and control/eradication of brucellosis in India." Veterinary Microbiology 90, no. 1-4 (December 2002): 183–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0378-1135(02)00253-5.

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De Luca, Eliana, Paolo Emidio Crisi, Maurilia Marcacci, Daniela Malatesta, Daria Di Sabatino, Francesca Cito, Nicola D’Alterio, et al. "Epidemiology, pathological aspects and genome heterogeneity of feline morbillivirus in Italy." Veterinary Microbiology 240 (January 2020): 108484. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.vetmic.2019.108484.

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Valiullina, S. A., and E. A. Sharova. "Prevalence of traumatic brain injury in children of Russian Federation: epidemiology and economic aspects." Kazan medical journal 96, no. 4 (August 15, 2015): 581–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.17750/kmj2015-581.

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Aim. To define epidemiological features of traumatic brain injury in children and to assess economic losses caused by this condition. Methods. The prevalence of traumatic brain injury in children for the period of 2003-2012 in Russia according to State Statistical Database. Direct and indirect economic losses (overall and per patient) were calculated for 2012. Results. The study revealed an increase of traumatic brain injury prevalence in children for the analyzed period, with the domestic traumatism prevailing among all brain trauma injuries, especially in girls. The amount of economic losses due to traumatic brain injury in children of Russian Federation in 2012 was about 4 milliard roubles. However, this figure is considerably underestimated, because the amount of expenses per one patient with traumatic brain injury is a quarter less compared to the standard sum per one case traumatic brain injury according to the standards of obligatory health insurance. On the one hand, it may be explained by high admission rate in children with minor head injury. On the other hand, it may be a result of insufficient healthcare funding as well as unaccounted expenses for medical care and drug coverage, especially in children with severe traumatic brain injury. Conclusion. The reduction of economic losses due to pediatric traumatic brain injury is possible not only by preventing new cases of traumatic brain injury but also by optimizing medical care.

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Frolov, M. Yu, V. A. Rogov, A. S. Salasyuk, V. P. Chulanov, and P. O. Bogomolov. "Clinical and economic aspects of bulevirtide use in patients with chronic hepatitis D." Infekcionnye bolezni 18, no. 2 (2020): 104–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.20953/1729-9225-2020-2-104-111.

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Uvarov, Roman, Aleksandr Briukhanov, Boris Semenov, and Anna Nazarova. "Cattle barn bedding from recycled manure: some veterinary, technological and economic aspects of application." BIO Web of Conferences 27 (2020): 00105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/20202700105.

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Agriculture modernization is a topical issue for both the global and domestic economy. Intensification of livestock farming results in an increased production of manure. Recycling of manure into bedding is one of the modern utilization technologies. National regulations do not specify requirements for currently applied bedding types, including manure-based bedding. The foreign experience, however, demonstrates several economic, zootechnical and hygienic advantages of this material. The field veterinary study revealed the positive health effect of bedding. The cows housed without bedding featured threefold higher risk of surgical diseases of limbs. Technical and economic assessment of a dairy farm with 1000 dairy cows showed the following annual operating costs when the major part of manure was passively composted and a part of manure was recycled into the bedding by (1) aerobic solid-state fermentation in a chamber fermenter and finish drying in a dryer drum – 24.2 million roubles; (2) aerobic solid-state fermentation in a drum fermenter – 21.7 million roubles; and (3) thermal drying in a dryer drum – 27.5 million roubles. At the same time, if all manure produced was composted and the bedding was purchased from external sources, the costs would be 27.9 to 35.2 million roubles depending on the bedding material.

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MATSUYAMA, Ryota. "Report on the 15^th International Symposium of Veterinary Epidemiology and Economic." Journal of Veterinary Epidemiology 23, no. 1 (July 20, 2019): 63–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.2743/jve.23.63.

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23

Gessese, Abebe Tesfaye. "Review on Epidemiology and Public Health Significance of Hydatidosis." Veterinary Medicine International 2020 (December 5, 2020): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8859116.

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Hydatidosis is a zoonotic parasitic disease caused by larval stages (hydatid cysts) of cestodes belonging to the genus Echinococcus and the family Taeniidae. Hydatid cyst, which is the larval stage of Echinococcus, is a bladder-like cyst formed in various organs and tissues following the growth of the oncospheres of an Echninoccus tape worm in that specific organ or tissue. The epidemiology and control of hydatidosis is often considered to be a veterinary matter since the disease can be regulated by controlling parasites in animals. However, collaboration between veterinarians and public health workers is essential for the successful control of hydotidosis. Therefore, the objective of this paper was to review The epidemiology, economic and public health importance of hydatidosis. The developmental stage of Echinococcus is that eggs develop to oncospheres, this oncospheres develop to hydatid cyst in the intermediate host and the hydatid cyst if consumed by final host develops to the adult Echinococcus. Human echinococcosis is a zoonotic infection caused by the tape worm of the genus Echinococcus. Echinococcus granucosus granulosis cause cystic echinococcosis (CE), Echinococcus multilocularis cause alveolar echinoloccosis (AE), and Echinococcus vogeli and Echinococcus oligarthus cause polycystic echinococcosis (PE). From these Echinococcus mulitilocularis is rare but is the most virulent, Echinococcus vegeli and Echinococcus oligarthus are the rarest. Hydatidosis is a zoonotic cosmopolitan parasitic disease found in almost all countries of the world. This disease causes a significant economic loss directly by causing organ or carcass condemnation and indirectly by affecting human and animal health which increase the cost for diagnosis, treatment and control of the disease. Public awareness creation about the transmission and control of the disease and its public health significance and collaboration between veterinarians and public health workers in the prevention and control of the disease is mandatory.

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Patterson, R. A. "SOME ECONOMIC ASPECTS OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE CATTLE INDUSTRY IN NORTHERN AUSTRALIA." Australian Veterinary Journal 41, no. 7 (March 10, 2008): 201–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-0813.1965.tb01831.x.

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Quevedo, Lucas S., Fábio R. P. Bruhn, Jose L. R. Teixeira, Taina S. Alberti, Haide V. Scheid, Margarida B. Raffi, Eliza S. V. Sallis, and Ana Lucia Schild. "Epidemiological and clinical-pathological aspects of fasciolosis in livers of cattle slaughtered in southern Brazil." Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 38, no. 9 (September 2018): 1761–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1678-5150-pvb-5880.

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ABSTRACT: Infection by Fasciola hepatica is an important cause of economic loss in cattle raised in Brazil and others countries. In slaughterhouses, the losses are mainly associated with condemnation of livers; however, it is believed that these losses can extend to diminished carcass yield and productivity throughout the life of the animals. Three slaughterhouses with a daily routine of approximately 15-20 cattle slaughters were monitored from July 2016 to November 2017. After sample collection, weighing, and liver assessment, statistical studies were conducted to determine disease prevalence and measurement of economic losses caused by fasciolosis through condemnation of the organ of choice of the parasite. Of the 210 livers assessed, 79 (37.6%) were condemned because of presence of F. hepatica, 87 (41.4%) were considered appropriate for human consumption, and 44 (20.9%) were considered inappropriate because of some other macroscopic lesions. The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of fasciolosis, correlate epidemiological and clinical-pathological aspects, and estimate the economic losses caused by the disease. It is estimated that the losses in southwestern Rio Grande do Sul state could reach R$ 36,943,532.60 (37.6%; 95% CI = 30,753,525.80 - 43,526,55.65) or US$ 11,437,626.20 (37.6%; 95% CI = 9,521,215.40 - 13,475,713.80) only because of condemnation of livers.

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Gulnora, Rakhimbaeva, and Tolibov Dilshod. "P4-278: Pharmaco-economic aspects of senile dementia." Alzheimer's & Dementia 11, no. 7S_Part_19 (July 2015): P892. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jalz.2015.08.108.

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Brunnauer, A. "Driving Ability and Psychotropic Drugs: Introduction, Epidemiology and General Aspects." European Psychiatry 41, S1 (April 2017): S50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2017.01.212.

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Psychiatric illness, psychotropic drugs and driving ability. For most people driving is an important activity in daily life affecting physical, social, and economic well-being. Driving mobility is also an important part of one's self-identity that may influence health status. It could be demonstrated that 67% of psychiatric patients reported to have a valid driver's license and 77% of them referred to regularly use their cars. Closer inspection of data reveals, that road mobility is largely linked to psycho-functional status. In this context a significant issue is the impact of medical conditions and/or psychoactive medicines on road safety. Psychiatric patients, considered as a group, seem to have a moderately elevated risk of being involved in a road traffic accident with high-risk rates especially for organic mental disorders. With respect to pharmacotherapy, within psychotropic medicines an increased road traffic crash risk for benzodiazepines, z-hypnotics and some antidepressants has been well documented. The combination of psychoactive drugs additionally increases risk that is highest when combined with alcohol. However, therapeutic drug use may also lower risk, as the illness itself constitutes a higher risk of road traffic accidents. As many studies did not adequately control for confounding factors, results of epidemiological studies must be interpreted cautiously.Disclosure of interestThe author declares that he has no competing interest.

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Yeruham, I., H. Yadin, M. Van Ham, V. Bumbarov, A. Soham, and S. Perl. "Economic and epidemiological aspects of an outbreak of sheeppox in a dairy sheep flock." Veterinary Record 160, no. 7 (February 17, 2007): 236–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/vr.160.7.236.

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Smets, K., and J. Vercruysse. "Economic aspects of controlling scabies on an open fattening farm with ivermectin in feed." Veterinary Record 150, no. 12 (March 23, 2002): 379–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/vr.150.12.379.

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Srinivasa, D. K., and V. D'Souza. "Economic aspects of an epidemic of haemorrhagic conjunctivitis in a rural community." Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health 41, no. 1 (March 1, 1987): 79–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jech.41.1.79.

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Tverdokhlebova, T. I., E. V. Kovalev, H. V. Karpushchenko, M. A. Kulak, O. S. Dumbadze, A. R. Litovko, and A. S. Kaljuzhin. "Socioeconomic aspects of COVID-19 on the example of Rostov region." Infekcionnye bolezni 18, no. 4 (2020): 27–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.20953/1729-9225-2020-4-27-32.

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Objective. To evaluate the socioeconomic impact of COVID-19 in Rostov region. Material and methods. This article focuses on social and economic aspects of COVID-19. By estimating direct medical costs and gross domestic product (GDP) losses (sick leave days), we assessed the economic damage caused by the pandemic in Rostov region. When calculating direct medical costs, we considered per-case costs of completed outpatient and inpatient treatment and costs of laboratory testing (identification of coronavirus). When calculating the costs associated with paid sick Rostov region in 2020. Results. We found that COVID-19-associated direct medical costs and GDP losses (sick leave days) were 3,174,344,917.04 RUB. Almost half (42.7%) of direct medical costs were spent on outpatient treatment. GDP losses were 1,014,047,274.24 RUB. Conclusion. In addition to the direct impact on the health of vulnerable individuals, current pandemic will inevitably cause longterm socioeconomic consequences for both people and the economy. The assessment of the socioeconomic impact of COVID-19 is important to develop effective preventive and anti-epidemic measures, as well as to make optimal management decisions. Key words: GDP losses, pandemic, direct medical costs, PCR diagnostics, Rostov region, COVID-19

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PIKUŁA, ANNA, and KRZYSZTOF ŚMIETANKA. "Selected aspects of infectious bursal disease – the current state of knowledge." Medycyna Weterynaryjna 74, no. 10 (2023): 6138–2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.21521/mw.6138.

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Infectious bursal disease (IBD) is a highly infectious and contagious immunosuppressive viral disease of chickens with a worldwide economic significance to the poultry industry. Over fifty years have passed since the first confirmed occurrence of the disease, and the virus has spread all over world and evolved into multiple genetic, antigenic and pathotypic variants, becoming a serious threat to the poultry industry. The primary tool in IBD eradication is the maintenance of strict biosecurity in poultry farms and implementation of vaccination programmes which should take into account the current epidemiological knowledge about the IBDV strains circulating in the field. This review article presents the current state of knowledge about the infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) with special regard to the molecular biology of the virus, immunological aspects, as well as current and future prevention strategies.

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BENZERTIHA, ABDELBASSET, BARTOSZ KIEROŃCZYK, MATEUSZ RAWSKI, AGATA JÓZEFIAK, JAN MAZURKIEWICZ, DAMIAN JÓZEFIAK, MOHAMMED SALAH MESSIKH, and SYLWESTER ŚWIĄTKIEWICZ. "Cultural and practical aspects of halal slaughtering in food production." Medycyna Weterynaryjna 74, no. 1 (2018): 6023–2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.21521/mw.6023.

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The rise in the Muslim population with the economic disability of Muslim countries have made the term halal common all around the world. The lack of information about halal in non-Muslim countries has made the status of imported halal products uncertain for Muslim countries. Halal meat is the most critical product due to the precise rules and requirements needed. In this review, we attempt to explain the types of halal and haram animals as well as the requirements needed for the allowed animals to be halal. Muslims must follow the halal rules mentioned in the Quran, Sunna and doctrines (scholars). The halal animals have been categorized with special and essential slaughtering requirements. However, the slaughtering should be performed in accordance with Islamic rules. The application of animal stunning has been allowed in some Islamic countries since the animal is still alive at the time of slaughtering with respect to animal welfare. Moreover, halal meat loses its halalness as soon as it becomes contaminated with najis (unclean). Indeed, it is important to understand the requirements of halal food, which cover religious aspects..

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Jankowska, Urszula, Dariusz Jagielski, Michał Czopowicz, and Rafał Sapierzyński. "Epidemiology, clinical and cytological features of lymphoma in Boxer dogs." Acta Veterinaria Hungarica 67, no. 2 (June 2019): 224–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/004.2019.024.

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The aim of this study was to evaluate the epidemiology, clinical and laboratory characteristics of canine lymphomas as well as some aspects of treatment outcomes. The study was conducted on Boxer dogs with lymphoma diagnosed by cytology and immunocytochemistry (CD3 and CD79 alpha). During the study period, lymphoma was diagnosed in 63 Boxers; 86.8% were T-cell (based on the Kiel classification: small clear cell lymphoma, pleomorphic small cell lymphoma, pleomorphic mixed T-cell lymphoma, pleomorphic large T-cell lymphoma, lymphoblastic lymphoma/acute lymphoblastic leukaemia) and 13.2% were B-cell lymphomas (according to the Kiel classification: B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukaemia, centroblastic/centroblastic polymorphic lymphoma). Overall survival (OS) was significantly longer in dogs with low-grade than with high-grade lymphoma (median OS of 6.8 and 4.7 months, respectively; P = 0.024). OS was not influenced by WHO clinical stage, WHO clinical substage, presence of splenomegaly, early administration of glucocorticoids or the time from the first presentation to the beginning of chemotherapy. There are no significant differences in clinical and laboratory parameters between low-grade and high-grade lymphomas. Boxer dogs are predisposed to T-cell lymphoma, with a predominance of high-grade tumour, especially pleomorphic, mixed small and large T-cell subtype. It is possible that Boxer dogs may respond less favourably to chemotherapy than patients of other breeds.

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Nahvijou, Azin, Maryam Hadji, Ahmad BaratiMarnani, Fatemeh Tourang, NedaBayat NedaBayat, Elisabete Weiderpass, Rajabali Daroudi, Ali AkbariSari, and Kazem Zendehdel. "A Systematic Review of Economic Aspects of Cervical Cancer Screening Strategies Worldwide: Discrepancy between Economic Analysis and Policymaking." Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 15, no. 19 (October 23, 2014): 8229–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.7314/apjcp.2014.15.19.8229.

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Giaretta, Paula R., Welden Panziera, Márcia E. Hammerschmitt, Ronaldo M. Bianchi, Glauco J. N. Galiza, Ingrid S. Wiethan, Talissa Bazzi, and Claudio S. L. Barros. "Clinical and pathological aspects of chronic Senecio spp. poisoning in sheep." Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 34, no. 10 (October 2014): 967–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-736x2014001000008.

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This paper describes an outbreak of chronic Senecio spp. poisoning in grazing sheep in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, causing the death of 10 out of 860 adult sheep. Eight sick ewes were euthanized and necropsied. Cattle from this farm were also affected. Clinical signs included progressive weight loss, apathy and photosensitization. Four out of seven tested sheep had increased gamma-glutamyl transferase serum activity and two of them presented serum elevation of alkaline phosphatase. At necropsy, three out of eight ewes presented slightly irregular toughened livers with multifocal nodules, two out of eight ewes had a whitish liver with thickened fibrotic Glisson's capsule partially adhered to the diaphragm, and three out of eight ewes had smooth and grossly normal livers. Necropsy findings attributed to liver failure included hydropericardium (7/8), ascites (5/8), icterus (2/8), hydrothorax (1/8), and edema of mesentery (1/8). The main hepatic histological findings that allowed the establishment of the diagnosis were megalocytosis, proliferation of bile ducts and fibrosis. Spongy degeneration was observed in the brains of all eight necropsied sheep and was more severe at the cerebellar peduncles, mesencephalon, thalamus, and pons. These are suggested as the portions of election to investigate microscopic lesions of hepatic encephalopathy in sheep with chronic seneciosis. The diagnosis of Senecio spp. poisoning was based on epidemiology, clinical signs, laboratory data, necropsy and histological findings.

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DENİZ, ABDÜLKERİM, KEMAL AKSOY, and MERT METİN. "Transition period and subclinical ketosis in dairy cattle: association with milk production, metabolic and reproductive disorders and economic aspects." Medycyna Weterynaryjna 76, no. 07 (2020): 6427–2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.21521/mw.6427.

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Many dairy cows experience a high incidence of health problems during the transition period (TP). The TP is an intermediate stage of various digestive, metabolic and reproductive functions which determine the general health status at the time of calving and during the first weeks postpartum. Negative energy balance due to increased energy demand at parturition and significantly reduced dry matter intake relative to demand is an important determinant. Consequently, substantial lipid mobilization from adipose tissue, increased oxidative stress and impaired immunity are associated with higher incidences of periparturient health problems including ketosis or subclinical ketosis (SCK), which have tremendous economic impact on dairy productivity. SCK is defined as the presence of increased blood ketone bodies (BHBA: betahydroxybutyric acid, acetone, acetoacetic acid) without clinical ketosis signs. Varying blood and milk cut-off values have been reported for BHBA concentrations defining SCK, but the most commonly accepted values are ≥ 1.2 mmol/L and ≥ 200 μmol/L respectively. This underestimated disease can impact dairy cow productivity through decreased milk production in the order of roughly 300 kg/lactation and increases the risk of metabolic and reproductive diseases such as displaced abomasum, retained placenta, metritis, mastitis, prolong oestrus interval and reduces conception rates. SCK also referred to as ‘profit robber or killer’ can cause productivity and economic losses of between $200-290 per dairy cow annually. Options for the control and prevention of SCK include controlled-release monensin capsules, and the injectable combination butaphosphan and cyanocobalamin and oral propylene glycol. SCK is easy to detect in early lactation using cow-side validated BHBA analysers with high specificity and sensitivity.

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Carmona, C., and J. F. Tort. "Fasciolosis in South America: epidemiology and control challenges." Journal of Helminthology 91, no. 2 (September 9, 2016): 99–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022149x16000560.

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AbstractFasciolosis caused byFasciola hepaticaseverely affects the efficiency of livestock production systems worldwide. In addition to the economic impact inflicted on livestock farmers, fasciolosis is an emergent zoonosis. This review emphasizes different aspects of the disease in South America. Available data on epidemiology in bovines and ovines in different countries, as well as a growing body of information on other domestic and wildlife definitive hosts, are summarized. The issue of drug resistance that compromises the long-term sustainability of current pharmacological strategies is examined from a regional perspective. Finally, efforts to develop a single-antigen recombinant vaccine in ruminants are reviewed, focusing on the cases of leucine aminopeptidase or thioredoxin glutathione reductase.

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Poland, Gregory A., Robert M. Jacobson, Jon Tilburt, and Kristin Nichol. "The social, political, ethical, and economic aspects of biodefense vaccines." Vaccine 27 (November 2009): D23—D27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2009.08.054.

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Nichol, Kristin L. "Cost-effectiveness and socio-economic aspects of childhood influenza vaccination." Vaccine 29, no. 43 (October 2011): 7554–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2011.08.015.

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Hunskaar, Steinar, and Richard T. Fosse. "Allergy to laboratory mice and rats: a review of the pathophysiology, epidemiology and clinical aspects." Laboratory Animals 24, no. 4 (October 1990): 358–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1258/002367790780865877.

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Medeiros, Luciana dos Santos, David Ashford, Rui Carlos Peruquetti, Susan Christina Braga Domingos, Renato Mesquita Peixoto, Tiago Natan Lopes Damasceno, Janaína Valente dos Santos, and Walter Lilenbaum. "Economic aspects of control and eradication of bovine tuberculosis and the managerial costs associated: Review." Pubvet 14, no. 11 (November 2020): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.31533/pubvet.v14n11a695.1-11.

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Given its importance in veterinary medicine and its impact on human health, bovine tuberculosis demands attention on animal health programs in several countries. New ante- and post-mortem diagnosis protocols are available and facilitate disease detection and control. However, besides the known advantages and disadvantages of each protocol, there is little mention of their costs. This study intends to provide an overview of the economic aspects of diagnostic tests for the control and eradication of bovine tuberculosis.

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Loponte, Rosa, Ugo Pagnini, Giuseppe Iovane, and Giuseppe Pisanelli. "Phage Therapy in Veterinary Medicine." Antibiotics 10, no. 4 (April 11, 2021): 421. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics10040421.

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To overcome the obstacle of antimicrobial resistance, researchers are investigating the use of phage therapy as an alternative and/or supplementation to antibiotics to treat and prevent infections both in humans and in animals. In the first part of this review, we describe the unique biological characteristics of bacteriophages and the crucial aspects influencing the success of phage therapy. However, despite their efficacy and safety, there is still no specific legislation that regulates their use. In the second part of this review, we describe the comprehensive research done in the past and recent years to address the use of phage therapy for the treatment and prevention of bacterial disease affecting domestic animals as an alternative to antibiotic treatments. While in farm animals, phage therapy efficacy perspectives have been widely studied in vitro and in vivo, especially for zoonoses and diseases linked to economic losses (such as mastitis), in pets, studies are still few and rather recent.

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Ahmed, M. I., C. O. Nwosu, and G. C. Srivastava. "ECONOMIC IMPORTANCE OF HELMINTH DISEASES OF LIVESTOCK IN MAIDUGURI, NIGERIA." Nigerian Journal of Animal Production 21 (January 3, 2021): 152–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.51791/njap.v21i1.1174.

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A study was conducted to assess the economic losses due to parasitic diseases of livestock slaughtered in Maiduguri Municipal abattoir between January, 1982 and December, 1987. In decreasing order of economic importance the prevailing diseases recorded were cysticercosis, bydatidosis, fascioliasis, oesophagostomiasis, and aortic onchocerciasis. An estimated N886,080 was lost in all animals as a result of parasitism. This represented a toss of N734,875; N38,8211; N44,885 and N67,500 respectively in cattle, sheep, goats and camels. The public health aspects and the implications of the traditional livestock management system on the epidemiology of the parasitic diseases are highlighted.

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GUERRIER, G., J. M. DARONAT, L. MORISSE, J. F. YVON, and G. PAPPAS. "Epidemiological and clinical aspects of human Brucella suis infection in Polynesia." Epidemiology and Infection 139, no. 10 (June 21, 2011): 1621–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0950268811001075.

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SUMMARYHigh brucellosis seroprevalence rates in domestic swine herds have been reported in Wallis and Futuna Islands and are associated with a significant burden of human infection by Brucella suis, a species that is rarely incriminated in human disease. Between 2003 and 2010, seven patients had a positive blood culture for B. suis biovar 1, 11 symptomatic patients had a positive Rose Bengal test (RBT) and a positive serum agglutination test (SAT) and three asymptomatic cases were found to be positive for RBT, SAT or ELISA IgM (after systematic screening of 52 family members of 15 index cases). Overall, Brucella infection was diagnosed in 21 people, corresponding to a mean annual incidence of 19 cases/100 000 inhabitants. Compared to series of patients infected with other more commonly encountered Brucella spp. such as B. melitensis and B. abortus, clinical presentation and percentage and distribution of complications were similar, apart from a marked observation of significantly increased median alanine aminotransferase levels, 20 times greater than upper normal rates, but not accompanied by any particular hepatic pathology. Wallis and Futuna, where people live in close proximity to animals and where the cultural significance of pig-raising precludes the implementation of adequate veterinary preventive measures, thus represents one of the few known B. suis foci worldwide and allows for evaluation of the peculiarities of this infection.

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Carlos Henrique Marchiori. "Study of Diptera species of medical, sanitary, veterinary, and economic importance in Brazil: Bibliographic summary." Open Access Research Journal of Multidisciplinary Studies 1, no. 2 (September 30, 2021): 066–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.53022/oarjms.2021.1.2.0032.

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The aim of this study is to describe the species of Diptera of medical, sanitary, and veterinary importance in Brazil: Bibliographic summary. The mini review consists of a bibliographic summary about the Diptera (Order: Diptera). The research was carried out in studies related to the theme with an emphasis on quantitative and conceptual aspects of Family, Subfamilies, Genera and Species (taxonomic groups). A literature search was carried out containing articles published from 2000 to 2021. The mini review was prepared in Goiânia, Goiás, from July to August 2021, through the Online Scientific Library (Scielo) and internet.

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Ahmad Zaki, Muhammad Azri, Abdinasir Yusuf Osman, Muhammad Luqman Nordin, Muhammad Luqman Nordin, Mohd Mokhtar Arshad, Rumaizi Shaari, Abdul Aziz Saharee, Arifah Abdul Kadir, and Siti Nor Che Yahya. "Epidemiology and Economic Impact Assessment of Caprine Brucellosis in Penang State, Malaysia: A Retrospective Analysis." American Journal of Animal and Veterinary Sciences 13, no. 1 (January 1, 2018): 36–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.3844/ajavsp.2018.36.44.

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Eysker, M., J. Jansen, F. N. J. Kooyman, M. H. Mirck, and TH Wensing. "Comparison of two control systems for cyathostome infections in the horse and further aspects of the epidemiology of these infections." Veterinary Parasitology 22, no. 1-2 (November 1986): 105–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0304-4017(86)90012-9.

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El-Tahawy, Abdelgawad S., Eman K. Bazh, and Reda E. Khalafalla. "Epidemiology of bovine fascioliasis in the Nile Delta region of Egypt: Its prevalence, evaluation of risk factors, and its economic significance." Veterinary World 10, no. 10 (October 2017): 1241–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.14202/vetworld.2017.1241-1249.

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Sargison, Neil, Emily Francis, Chloe Davison, Barend M. deC Bronsvoort, Ian Handel, and Stella Mazeri. "Observations on the biology, epidemiology and economic relevance of rumen flukes (Paramphistomidae) in cattle kept in a temperate environment." Veterinary Parasitology 219 (March 2016): 7–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.vetpar.2016.01.010.

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