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1
Schneider, Frédéric. "Les energies marines renouvelables face au droit." Thesis, Nice, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013NICE0010.
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La question des énergies marines renouvelables dégage des problématiques juridiques complexes qui intéressent le droit tant dans sa dimension internationale, européenne que nationale. L’effervescence des initiatives publiques et privées en ce domaine implique une approche adaptée en vue d’améliorer et de développer les instruments juridiques nécessaires au développement durable des énergies de la mer. Cette approche suppose trois niveaux d’analyse. Au regard du droit international, celle-ci se caractérise par une finalité environnementale qui relève plus globalement de l’intérêt général. En ce sens, la conversion d’énergies marines n’engendre pas d’émission de gaz à effet de serre et son impact sur le milieu marin est généralement minime. Avec le concours des énergies de la mer, les États seront à même de respecter leurs engagements supranationaux, notamment en matière de changements climatiques. De surcroît, le droit de la mer offre une sécurité juridique dans l’utilisation de l’espace maritime en définissant non seulement les droits, mais les obligations des États côtiers. À l’échelle européenne, la sécurité juridique est liée à l’objectif d’une part d’au moins 20 % d’énergie produite à partir de sources renouvelables dans la consommation finale brute d’énergie de l’Union d’ici à 2020 et encouragée par l’initiative des États riverains des mers du Nord en faveur d’un réseau off-shore dans le contexte de l’émergence du marché européen des énergies renouvelables. Au plan national, l’analyse du droit interne met en lumière les meilleures pratiques relatives au développement des énergies marines renouvelables en termes de promotion des investissements et de gestion durable des mers et des océansThe issue of marine renewable energies raises complex legal problems which interest the Law in its International, European and Domestic dimension. The effervescence of public and private initiatives on the matter requires a tailored approach to improve and develop legal instruments to support development of ocean energies. This approach elicits three levels of analysis. According to the International Law, it is marked by an environmental objective resulting from public interest. In this sense, marine energy conversion does not generate greenhouse gas emissions and its impact on the marine environment is generally minimal. With the help of these renewable energies, States will be able to respect their supranational commitments, particularly regarding climate change. In addition, the Law of the Sea provides legal certainty in the use of ocean space, by defining not only rights but obligations to coastal states. At the European level, legal certainty is connected to the target of at least 20 % share of energy from renewable sources in the Union's gross final consumption of energy by 2020, and is especially encouraged by the North Seas Countries' Offshore Grid Initiative in the context of the Europe's emerging renewable energy market. On a National perspective, the analysis of Comparative Law highlights the best practices related to offshore renewable development in terms of promoting investment and sustainable ocean management
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Kaczorowski, Janusz. "Physical attractiveness and economic success." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape11/PQDD_0007/NQ44470.pdf.
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Niedomysl, Thomas. "Migration and Place Attractiveness." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala : Department of Social and Economic Geography, Uppsala University, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-6873.
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Frerichs, Sabine. "Transnational Law and Economic Sociology." Oxford University Press, 2018. http://epub.wu.ac.at/5719/1/Frerichs_2018_Transnational%2DLaw%2Dand%2DEconomic%2DSociology_submitted%2Dversion.pdf.
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Shapiee, Rohimi. "'Economic Siyar' : an Islamic perspective of international economic law." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.496390.
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Kaczorowski, Janusz. "The good, the average and the ugly : a socio-economic dimension of physical attractiveness." Thesis, McGill University, 1989. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=61827.
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Serrano, Francisco Antonio. "City competitiveness and attractiveness a new approach to evaluate economic development in Mexican cities /." Thesis, Connect to e-thesis, 2003. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/982/.
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Thesis (Ph.D.) -- University of Glasgow, 2003.Ph.D. thesis submitted to the Department of Urban Studies, University of Glasgow, 2003. Includes bibliographical references. Print version also available.
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Arner, Douglas W. "Law, financial stability and economic development." Thesis, Queen Mary, University of London, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.424378.
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McCahery, Joseph. "Regulatory competition, economic regulation, and law." Thesis, University of Warwick, 1997. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/34750/.
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One often meets the view that economic regulation should be understood in terms of Pareto efficiency. Economic theories of law have traditionally focused on concepts such as market failure, efficiency, and inefficiency. Proponents assume that under the conditions of perfect competition, rational economic actors will enact courses of action that tend to induce Pareto outcomes. The idea of perfect competition means that markets which are competitive will induce efficient outcomes. The perfect competition approach has focused on the conception of market failure as the foundation for designing regulatory policy. Until recently, lawyers overwhelmingly relied upon a model of economic contract, developed over the last two decades in law and economics, as a normative structure to guide efficient decision-making.
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Risvas, Michail. "Non-discrimination in international economic law." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2017. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:23e7e195-c657-46d0-9a21-bde0c793dc45.
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This thesis examines the jurisprudence of the World Trade Organization (WTO) Panels and Appellate Body (AB) and investment tribunals on non-discrimination clauses contained in the WTO agreements and investment agreements respectively. The thesis puts forward an alternative conceptual perspective through which the interpretation of non-discrimination provisions in international economic law could be analysed. It is argued that nondiscrimination obligations (as every legal rule to a greater or lesser extent) are inherently indeterminate. This is a fortiori the case in regard to non-discrimination provisions due to their link to the concept of equality. The concept of equality is open-ended and value-laden: its content depends on the prioritisation of different values. Thus, equality in the economic sphere can accommodate different conceptions which reflect different ideological approaches in relation to regulation, economic development and the proper role of the State in the economy. International courts and tribunals enjoy broad discretion in selecting which conception of equality to adopt when interpreting non-discrimination clauses. This indeterminacy is a positive characteristic of international economic regimes. Both the WTO and the investment arbitration regime are equipped with institutional characteristics which enable the contestation of different ideological approaches and promote pluralism. In the WTO context, this role is fulfilled by the institutional structure of the organization which facilitates the dialogue between the WTO members and the WTO Dispute Settlement System. In the realm of international investment arbitration, the mechanism of party-appointed arbitrators, despite its shortcomings which can be addressed, ensures value pluralism.
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Cabrillac, Rémy. "Economic Duress: overview of Comparative Law." IUS ET VERITAS, 2017. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/122572.
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This paper explains how the notion of economic duress is understood in different legal regimes of Civil Law and Common Law. This way, the author first addresses the concept of economic duress from a restrictive sense (as a defect of consent) and, later, develops the concept from a wider perspective (taking into account an objective economic imbalance).El presente artículo explica cómo se entiende la noción de violencia económica en diversos ordenamientos jurídicos tanto del Civil Law como del Common Law. Así, el autor aborda primero el concepto de violencia económica en un sentido restringido (como vicio del consentimiento), y posteriormente lo desarrolla desde una perspectiva más amplia (tomando en cuenta un desequilibrio económico objetivo).
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Potter, Pitman B. "Policy, law and private economic rights in China : the doctrine and practice of law on economic contracts /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/10786.
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Yu, Jia Feng. "A study on economic hardship." Thesis, University of Macau, 2010. http://umaclib3.umac.mo/record=b2487645.
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Dowell-Jones, Mary. "Contextualising the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights : assessing the economic deficit." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.246409.
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Le, Guen Delphine. "Merger control in the European Economic Community." Thesis, McGill University, 1992. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=56895.
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The present thesis analyzes merger control in the European Economic Community, a topical domain on the eve of the completion of the internal market. After a definition according to three approaches (traditional, geographical, quantitative), the provisions of the Rome Treaty on competition law (articles 85 and 86) are elaborated upon, to underline the reinforcement of the Commission's control powers since the entry into force of Council Regulation N$ sp circ$4064/89, in September 1990. The air transport industry has been chosen to illustrate the concept of a priori control of concentrations and its modalities of application in different economic policies.Jurisprudence and various regulations have promoted the application of EEC competition law to the air transport industry, and have contributed recently to the emergence of a common policy in this field. The Aerospatiale/de Havilland decision constitutes the first dismissal of a concentration notification, since the entry into force of the new provisions. It confirms the wide scope of the Commission's powers in the control of competition.
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Primlani, Monisha. "Drugs, crime and law enforcement : the economic connection." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/30643.
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Decker, Christopher. "Economic expertise in competition law enforcement : collective dominance." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.433391.
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Witt, Anne-Christine. "The more economic approach to EC competition law." Thesis, University of Kent, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.504660.
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Carter, Connie. "Law and economic development in Singapore 1959-1999." Thesis, SOAS, University of London, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.268912.
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Guerra, Alice <1988>. "Essays on the Economic Analysis of Tort Law." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2015. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/7247/.
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The analysis of tort law is one of the most influential and extensively developed applications of the economic approach in the study of law. Notwithstanding the exhaustive number of contributions on tort law and economics, several open questions remain that warrant further investigation. The general aim of this research project is to refine the traditional model of tort law in order to make it more realistic, updated with the recent technological progress and in line with the experimental results concerning prosocial behavior. This book is divided into six chapters: Chapters 1 and 6 provide an
introduction and conclusions, respectively, while the remaining chapters are written in the form of separate yet related articles.
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Gatsinzi, Philip. "Implementing the African Economic Community Treaty: The Role of Regional Economic Communities in Africa's Trade and Market Integration." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/4619.
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Afademeh-Adeyemi, Ashimizo. "Securing compliance with African economic integration treaties." Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/12659.
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Includes bibliographical references.The absence of strong supranational institutions and the failure of states to comply with their integration obligations feature prominently in almost every discussion on economic integration in Africa. There seems to be a consensus that without strong supranational institutions to enforce compliance, economic integration in Africa may not succeed. This thesis takes a different approach to the discussion on compliance. The thesis argues that the failure of African states to comply with their integration obligations is not necessarily a function of deliberate and blatant disobedience for the norms of economic integration. Rather, there are other systemic challenges which impede the ability of African states to comply with their obligation. To resolve these challenges and ensure compliance, the thesis suggests that African states need to continuously engage in a discursive process wherein the norms of economic integration are constantly iterated and given authoritative interpretation. Furthermore, institutional, technical and infrastructural capacity needs to be developed across the continent in order to create favourable conditions for the implementation of the norms of integration. To this end, more attention needs be paid at the regional and national level to initiatives which improve good governance and aid the internalisation of the norms of economic integration among African states.
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Slade, Bradley Virgill. "The justification of expropriation for economic development." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/71965.
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Thesis (LLD)--Stellenbosch University, 2012.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Section 25(2) of the 1996 Constitution states that property may only be expropriated for a public purpose or in the public interest and compensation must be paid. This dissertation analyses the public purpose and public interest requirement in light of recent court decisions, especially with regard to third party transfer of expropriated property for economic development purposes. The public purpose requirement is explained in terms of pre-constitutional case law to create a context in which to understand the public purpose and public interest in terms of the 1996 Constitution. This leads to a discussion of whether third party transfers for economic development purposes are generally for a public purpose or in the public interest. The legitimacy of the purpose of both the expropriation and the transfer of property to third parties in order to realise the purpose is considered. Conclusions from a discussion of foreign case law dealing with the same question are used to analyse the South African cases where third party transfers for economic development have been addressed. Based on the overview of foreign case law and the critical analysis of South African cases, the dissertation sets out guidelines that should be taken into account when this question comes up again in future. The dissertation also considers whether an expropriation can be set aside if alternative means, other than expropriating the property, are available that would also promote the purpose for which the property was expropriated. Recent decisions suggest that alternative and less invasive measures are irrelevant when the expropriation is clearly for a public purpose. However, the dissertation argues that less invasive means should be considered in cases where it is not immediately clear that the expropriation is for a valid public purpose or in the public interest, such as in the case of a third party transfer for economic development. The role of the public purpose post-expropriation is considered with reference to purposes that are not realised or are abandoned and subsequently changed. In this regard the dissertation considers whether the state is allowed to change the purpose for which the property was expropriated, and also under which circumstances the previous owner would be entitled to reclaim the expropriated property when the public purpose that justifies the expropriation falls away. It is contended that the purpose can be changed, but that the new purpose must also comply with the constitutional requirements.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Artikel 25(2) van die Grondwet van 1996 vereis dat `n onteining slegs vir `n openbare doel of in die openbare belang mag plaasvind, en dat vergoeding betaalbaar is. In die proefskrif word die openbare doel en openbare belang geanaliseer in die lig van onlangse regspraak wat veral verband hou met die onteining van grond wat oorgedra word aan derde partye vir doeleindes van ekonomiese ontwikkeling. Die openbare doel vereiste word geanaliseer in die lig van respraak voor die aanvang van die grondwetlike bedeling om beide die openbare doel en openbare belang in terme van die Grondwet van 1996 te verstaan. Op grond van hierdie bespreking word die vraag ondersoek of die onteiening van grond vir ekonomiese ontwikkeling en die oordrag daarvan aan derde partye vir `n openbare doel of in die openbare belang is. Gevolgtrekkings uit `n oorsig van buitelandse respraak waarin dieselfde vraag reeds behandel is dien as maatstaf vir die Suid-Afrikaanse regspraak oor die vraag te evalueer. Op grond van die kritiese analise van die buitelandse regspraak word sekere aanbevelings gemaak wat in ag geneem behoort te word indien so `n vraag weer na vore kom. Die vraag of `n onteiening ter syde gestel kan word omdat daar `n alternatiewe, minder ingrypende manier is om die openbare doel te bereik word ook in die proefskrif aangespreek. In onlangse regspraak word aangedui dat die beskikbaarheid van ander, minder ingrypende maniere irrelevant is as die onteiening vir `n openbare doel of in die openbare belang geskied. Daar word hier aangevoer dat die beskikbaarheid van alternatiewe metodes in ag geneem behoort te word in gevalle waar dit onduidelik is of die onteining vir `n openbare doel of in die openbare belang geskied, soos in die geval van oordrag van grond aan derde partye vir ekonomiese ontwikkelingsdoeleindes. Ter aansluiting by die vraag of die onteining van grond vir oordrag aan derdes vir ekonomiese ontwikkeling geldig is, word die funksie van die openbare doel na onteiening ook ondersoek. Die vraag is of die staat geregtig is om die doel waarvoor die eiendom onteien is na afloop van die onteiening te verander. Die vraag in watter gevalle die vorige eienaar van die grond teruggawe van die grond kan eis word ook aangespreek. Daar word aangevoer dat die staat die doel waarvoor die eiendom benut word kan verander, maar dat die nuwe doel ook moet voldoen aan die grondwetlike vereistes.
South African Research Chair in Property Law, sponsored by the Department of Science and Technology, administered by the National Research Foundation and hosted by Stellenbosch University
Cuicci bursary fund
Faculty of Law Stellenbosch University
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Jere, Kahaki Judith. "Configuration of economic partnership agreements complementary or counter to market integration? : an analysis of the SADC interim economic partnership agreement." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/4639.
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Gallagher, Thomas. "An economic analysis of compulsory licensing in copyright law." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.396161.
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Tapia, Canales J. "Analysing economic regulation through institutions, finance and public law." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2012. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1344096/.
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The thesis analyses economic regulation primarily through the lenses of institutions, finance and public law. In terms of positive analysis, it focuses on post-privatisation developments in the UK. The first chapter sets out the framework of analysis. Traditional models to study economic regulation are critically assessed. It is argued that these frameworks make only partial assessments of regulation under simplified assumptions. However, it is possible to find complementarities that may serve as fundamentals for further study. Chapter II proposes to broaden the theoretical framework of analysis in three directions, with the aim of providing guidance on how to structure regulatory design in an interdisciplinary context. The third chapter deals with financial implications of regulation. The case of regulation of the capital structure of utilities firms and the regulatory assessment of the cost of capital is specifically studied in order to exemplify the control of risks under regulatory practice. In the fourth chapter the argument is extended to the analysis of the role of the State in infrastructure industries and the significant function that risk plays in economic regulation. It is argued that regulators should control focus their analysis on risk control and the avoidance of the provision of State guarantees as much as possible. Finally, chapter V looks at the role of the courts and the judicial scrutiny of sector-specific economic regulators’ decisions. Since the introduction of specialisation, judicial scrutiny is having an ever-increasing influence on substantive regulatory decisions in the UK. Despite this, some flaws in the regulatory design are highlighted, along with proposals to overcome them. The thesis concludes with some implications for policy design and the analysis of economic regulation.
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Ho, Ming-Yu. "Law, foreign direct investment and economic development in Taiwan." Thesis, University of Warwick, 1997. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/36280/.
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This research looks at the legal regime governing foreign direct investment (FDI) in Taiwan, and at the interaction between the Government's economic policies, legal reform and FDI in the economic development of Taiwan. The research for this thesis is focused on the period of 1945 to the present; however, a study of the pre-1945 period is provided as a basis for analysing the post-1945 developments. There are three principal aims of this thesis. First, the thesis is designed to illustrate how the economic success of Taiwan challenges traditional views put forward in development theories and in law and development theories, in particular. Secondly, the thesis considers the role of law in the development process. By examining the evolution and operation of the FDI legal regime in Taiwan in its economic, social, political and historical context, this research suggests that the role of law is as a 'doorkeeper' for a country's development. If consistent with a public-interest-oriented economic policy, an appropriate and wellconsidered legal regime can help a country's development without risking its economic sovereignty. Finally, this thesis examines Taiwan's current FDI regime for its appropriateness. Using international law as a reference-point, a detailed analysis is made of Taiwan's current FDI laws. The thesis suggests that certain of these laws are out of date and that further legal reform is required. The thesis concludes by slightly modifying the developmental model for law and FDI which is put forward in Chapter 1, in order to emphasise the important role of government economic policy in Taiwan's development. It is submitted that the Government's choice of development strategy in each of Taiwan's different development phases has been crucial to Taiwan's success. The thesis also concludes that an appropriate legal regime remains important for a country's development regardless of its development status.
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Linarelli, John. "Commercial law and commercial codes : philosophical and economic approaches." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.429199.
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Lee, Jihong. "Essays in economic theory of contract, negotiation, and law." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.615694.
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Friedman, David. "Mine, yours and ours: economic analysis of Property Law." IUS ET VERITAS, 2017. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/122449.
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In this article, the author analyzes the property legal system has to achieve efficient and useful results. In addition, he points out the reasons for the existence of private property and public property, then he explains the costs and benefits of private property, and he states the difference between real and personal property is the registry system. He concludes by stating the courts believe that a property agreement is obligatory if it is economically efficient.En este artículo, el autor analiza que el sistema de reglas de la propiedad tiene que lograr resultados eficientes y útiles. También, señala las razones de la existencia de la propiedad privada y propiedad pública, luego, explica los costos y beneficios de la propiedad privada, y establece que la diferencia entre la propiedad inmueble y mueble es el sistema de registros. Concluye, afirmando que las cortes creen que un pacto de propiedad es vinculante si es económicamente eficiente.
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Zul, Kepli Mohd Yazid Bin. "Islamic finance & maritime trade: economic, legal and regulatory challenges." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2012. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B50534038.
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Rapid development and commercialization within the emerging field of Islamic finance are strong evidence of its sustainability. The Islamic finance industry has experienced remarkable growth, more than US$1 trillion in just 40 years.This consistent growth and the industry’s proven ability to safely navigate global recession and financial crisis while still coming up with innovative products indicate its resilience and competitive edge. Its gradual adoption into the financial portfolios of important financial centres including London, Singapore and Hong Kong is further evidence of its promising future. While numerous studies on Islamic banking, finance and insurance are now available, there has been very little systematic research on this industry’s actual and possible implicationsin maritime trade and commerce. This research aims to fill those gaps.
The feasibility of applying Islamic principles to maritime trade is the main theme of this research, which argues that the reduction or removal of unnecessary uncertainties and harmful risks as required under Islamis necessary to strengthen global maritime trade. Islamic principles, as seen in various Islamic financial products applicable to modern maritime trade, will be relevant in strengthening global trade. This is due to, among other things, Islam’s prohibition from dealing with transactions tainted by excessive speculations in addition to the fairer allocation of risks that it required. However, to truly benefit global trade it is proposed here that Islamic financial products must consist of more than merely cosmetic changes to conventional products;their essence must also be different.
Global trade can be very volatile, particularly in periods of recession and financial crisis. Instead of wealth with real trade based on productivity, partnership and risk sharing, an increasing number of people are simply conducting speculative activities based on zero-sum risk-transfer and the speculative activities of others. Rather than reducing risk, interested parties are making profits by increasing risk through a variety of speculative and risky transactions. This unprecedented increase in speculative activities in maritime trade, from derivative products to shipbuilding, is a dangerous scenario if left unmonitored. This research proposes that the legal and regulatory framework governing maritime trade could be improved by incorporating some Islamic principles. The legal and regulatory framework governing Islamic finance is also analyzed here.
The development of Islamic finance in Southeast Asia is also covered, together with a comparative study of the maritime trade sector in Malaysia, Singapore and Hong Kong as background to show potential. This thesis proposes that a conducive legal and economic environment is fundamental for maritime nations.published_or_final_version
Law
Doctoral
Doctor of Philosophy
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Addo, M. K. "The implications for some aspects of contemporary international economic law of international human rights law." Thesis, University of Essex, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.378354.
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Gränsmark, Patrik. "Essays on economic behavior, gender and strategic learning." Doctoral thesis, Stockholms universitet, Institutet för social forskning (SOFI), 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-43820.
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This doctoral thesis consists of four papers. Strategic behavior across gender: A comparison of female and male expert chess players analyzes gender differences in risk behavior in chess. We use a panel data set with 1.4 million games. Most notably, the data contains an objective measure of individual playing skill. We find that women are more risk averse and that men choose riskier strategies when playing against female opponents even though this reduces their winning probability. Gender differences in time preference and inconsistency among expert chess players presents findings on gender differences in time preference and inconsistency in chess. Impatience is estimated by measuring preferences for game durations while inconsistency by exploiting the 40th move time control. The results reveal that men are more impatient while women are more time inconsistent. Moreover, the difference in impatience increases with expertise while the difference in inconsistency decreases. Beauty queens and battling knights: Risk taking and attractiveness in chess explores the relationship between attractiveness and risk taking in chess. We examine whether people use riskier strategies when playing with attractive opponents and whether this affects performance. Our results suggest that male, but not female, chess players choose significantly riskier strategies when playing against an attractive female opponent, although this does not improve their performance. Strategic Learning in Repeated Chess Games, examines if chess players in repeated games with the same opponent, learn about the opponent’s type and adapt future strategies accordingly. It also shows how matching background characteristics affect the choice of strategy. The findings show that chess players learn about the opponent’s type. Players with similar background characteristics coordinate better than players of different gender or nationality but this difference decreases as the players update their beliefs.At the time of doctoral defense, the following papers were unpublished and had a status as follows:Paper 2: Manuscript. Paper 3: Manuscript. Paper 4: Manuscript.
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Fiorita, Dionigi M. (Dionigi Mario). "Safety and economic regulation of air transportation in Canada." Thesis, McGill University, 1995. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=22694.
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The Federal Government, in the exercise of its exclusive constitutional jurisdiction over aeronautics, has adopted laws and regulations that address the various aspects of the aviation system. These laws and regulations have evolved significantly from the first piece of Federal legislation passed in 1919.Some of those laws and regulations have as their objective achieving and maintaining an adequate level of aviation safety, while others are intended to ensure that Canadians have access to an efficient and reliable national air transportation system.
On the safety side, there are laws and regulations that establish standards of quality for the aircraft, standards of competence for air carriers and standards of competence and medical fitness of the personnel. There are also regulations that specify the conditions that must be met in order to register an aircraft in Canada.
On the economic side, there are laws and regulations that set the terms and conditions for the operation of domestic and international air services. In the domestic context, such laws and regulations have gone from strict and almost complete government intervention, to giving effect to recent policies of less regulation and more competition.
These same laws and regulations, while providing the regulatory authority with the necessary enforcement tools, also recognize the need to ensure that it does not act improperly or abusively. For such purpose, the stakeholders have access to several different recourses to challenge the actions of the regulatory authority.
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Ong, Burton T. E. "Competition law and the common law of unfair competition." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2011. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:0bcf048f-12a6-495d-a7ae-66b307d296df.
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Competition between trade rivals in a marketplace operating within a common law-based legal system is regulated primarily by two fairly distinct branches of the law: the prohibitions against anti-competitive conduct imposed by the competition law framework, and the common law restraints against acts of “unfair competition” that attract liability under the economic torts. This dissertation aims to critically examine both these legal frameworks and provide an integrated account of how these branches of the law distinguish between lawful and unlawful modes of competitive conduct. By scrutinising the doctrinal and policy foundations that underlie each of these legal frameworks, common thematic strands that may not be immediately apparent to lawyers working exclusively in either field will be exposed, while fundamental differences between their respective inner workings will also be uncovered in the process. Engaging in such a comparative exercise will facilitate a deeper understanding of the contrasting objectives and jurisprudential approaches associated with each legal framework which, in turn, sheds some light on the nature of their relationship with each other and the extent to which legal developments in one field ought to influence, or be influenced by, the other. Besides evaluating how and why the common law economic torts operate differently from the competition law prohibitions in circumscribing the liberty of individual competitors to inflict economic harm upon their trade rivals, this dissertation will also analyse selected types of commercial conduct which are regarded as lawful under one framework but unlawful by the other, and contrast them with scenarios which could attract overlapping legal liability under both legal frameworks. In addition, this dissertation will explore a selection of legal issues arising from the doctrinal interaction between these areas of the law that may confront the courts as these two legal frameworks continue to develop in tandem with each other.
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Russell, Phillip Byron. "Law and economics : an economic and legal analysis of US antitrust." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/29530.
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Marong, Alhagi. "Economic integration and foreign direct investment in West Africa." Thesis, McGill University, 1997. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=20540.
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Economic integration and foreign direct investment were adopted by developing countries particularly in Africa, as strategies for economic development. For these countries, economic integration became not only a tariff issue, but a strategy for development; hence the term "developmental regionalism". This thesis is a study of the concept of developmental regionalism in West Africa. It concentrates on the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS), which was formed in 1975.It is argued that as a strategy for development, the ECOWAS integration effort was inadequate because of undue reliance on tariff reductions--- so called "negative integration" measures. It is suggested that to facilitate a more cohesive integration program, countries in the region ought to adopt positive integration measures in the form of common policies on money and payments, industrialization and most significantly, a common policy on investments.
With respect to investment regulation, it is my argument that because liberalization of investment laws at the national level failed to attract the desired flow of foreign investment to the region, ECOWAS Member States ought to harmonize their regulatory framework with a view to ultimately adopting a single legal regime for international investment.
As a framework for analysis, I adopt the criteria of economic efficiency. This is a cost/benefit analysis of the transformations that occur as the result of contractual transactions. Where the costs to the parties exceed or are likely to exceed the benefits of the transaction, it is said to be inefficient. Using these criteria, I argue that in order to inject a level of fairness in investor/host state relations, and to avoid the costs of FDI to host societies exceeding the gains therefrom, international law ought to make binding prescriptions to govern corporate conduct. Based on this reasoning, I suggest a framework for improving the investment climate in West Africa.
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Rajewski, Alice. "Changes in the Russian terminology of economic law since Perestroika." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.286428.
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Majlessi, M. Shervin. "Use of economic sanctions under international law : a contemporary assessment." Thesis, McGill University, 1999. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=30318.
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The growth in the use of collective and unilateral economic sanctions in the post-Cold-War epoch calls for a re-examination of the legal basis and constraints on the implementation of sanctions. This thesis is an attempt to explore, from a legal point of view, the problems and restrictions associated with sanctions, and suggest ways in which economic sanctions can be rendered more legitimate in terms of international legal requirements.Unilateral and collective economic sanctions are based on different legal premises: the traditional theory of retaliation and treaty principles respectively. It will be argued that a breach of an erga omnes obligation is also a legitimate legal basis for economic sanctions.
Key cases in which sanctions have been used will be reviewed and it will be contended that, in addition to traditional economic considerations, sanctions should be subject to other limitations such as respect for principles of international humanitarian law. Issues regarding the legitimacy of the Security Council's actions and authority will also be addressed and possible ways of controlling the actions of the Security Council will be put forth.
After determining the restrictions on implementation of sanctions, proposals for refining current practices of imposing economic sanctions are submitted. In conclusion, it is submitted that unilateral sanctions are subject to serious legal constraints and that collective sanctions have the potential of being used in a more humane and institutionally coherent way.
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Majlessi, M. Shervin. "Use of economic sanctions under international law, a contemporary assessment." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/MQ64294.pdf.
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Barker, George Robert. "An economic analysis of trade unions and the common law." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.316742.
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Van, Nguyen Thi Anh. "ECONOMIC LAW REFORM IN VIETNAM : BEFORE AND AFTER WTO ACCESSION." Center for Asian Legal Exchange (CALE), Nagoya University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2237/20342.
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Silva, Guilherme. "Economic disparities and intensifying burden of neglected tropical diseases." Thesis, McGill University, 2013. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=119615.
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This thesis examines the interaction between economic disparities and the burden of neglected tropical diseases through a multi-layered study of international agreements, mostly the Trade Related Aspects of Intellectual Property (TRIPS), the health structure in developing countries and the manner in which intellectual property rights relate to the right to health in poor countries. By shedding light to this interaction, it will be demonstrated that small attention and resources is attributed to neglected tropical diseases. The predominance of the interests of affluent economic stakeholders over the reality of a substantial part of population of the world (either infected or at risk) is determined by virtue of limited access to drugs in developing countries, elevated out-of-pocket health expenditures by the poorest of the poor and inefficient/insufficient management of public funds for healthcare. This thesis challenges the current allocation of material and immaterial resources to attenuate the burden of neglected tropical diseases, as part of the right to health, as a way of bringing about more development and well-being to these populations.Ce mémoire analyse l'interaction entre les disparités économiques et le fardeau des maladies tropicales négligées à travers une étude multi-niveaux d'accords internationaux, principalement les Aspects des Droits de Propriété Intellectuelle Qui Touchent Au Commerce (ADPIC), la structure de santé dans les pays en développement et la manière dont les droits de propriété intellectuelle se rapportent au droit à la santé dans les pays pauvres. En mettant en lumière cette interaction, il sera démontré que peu d'attention et de ressources est attribué aux maladies tropicales négligées. La prédominance des intérêts des acteurs économiques prospères sur la réalité d'une partie importante de la population mondiale (soit celle qui est infectée ou celle qui est à risque) est déterminée en vertu de l'accès limité aux médicaments dans les pays en développement, des coûts élevés de dépenses de santé par les plus pauvres et la mauvaise gestion et l'inefficacité / l'insuffisance des fonds publics pour la santé. Ce mémoire remet en cause la répartition actuelle des ressources matérielles et immatérielles pour atténuer le fardeau des maladies tropicales négligées, dans le cadre du droit à la santé, comme un moyen d'amener plus de développement et de bien-être à ces populations.
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Grattan, Donald Scott Law Faculty of Law UNSW. "The logos of land: economic and proprietarian conceptions of statutory access rights." Awarded by:University of New South Wales. Law, 2006. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/24368.
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Legislation in various jurisdictions alters the common law right to control access to one???s land by allowing the imposition of rights of access in favour of one landowner over the land of another. The relevant legislation can be divided into two categories. The first-generation legislation (s 88K, Conveyancing Act 1919 (NSW) and s 180, Property Law Act 1974 (Qld)) permits the creation of easements over servient land to facilitate the development of dominant land. The second-generation legislation (the Access to Neighbouring Land Act of New South Wales, Tasmania and the United Kingdom) permits the creation of temporary rights of access over servient land to facilitate work on dominant land. This thesis examines the extent to which this change in the law can be justified by three modes of ethical discourse: right-based, duty-based, and goal-based reasoning. An examination of the first-generation legislation and the cases in which it has been applied suggests that a form of goal-based reasoning can be used to justify its enactment. The legislation is needed to facilitate the efficient use of land where the existence of a bilateral monopoly and the possibility of strategic bargaining puts at risk the conclusion of a mutually beneficial agreement regarding access. A review of the second-generation legislation and the law reform reports and parliamentary debate that preceded its enactment indicates that the legislation can be justified by a form of duty-based reasoning. The legislation is needed to bring about a proper social ordering by imposing access rights where this would be consistent with the ideal of good neighbourliness. The thesis concludes that although these goal-based and duty-based discourses make an arguable case for the enactment of both generations of the legislation, neither of them, in an unadulterated form, provides a conclusive justification. Rather, an eclectic approach that draws on both discourses is required. It proposes that the legislation???s compensation provisions be amended to reflect the commingling of the ideas of efficiency, a properly ordered society and intensive land use, and to allow the servient owner to share in the benefits generated by the imposition of access.
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Skelton, G. A. "The legal principles of economic and political efficiency : A phenomenological critique of single ideology models." Thesis, University of Exeter, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.234817.
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Bavasso, Antonio. "Communications in EU law : antitrust, market power and public interest." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.249286.
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Katsaroumpas, Ioannis. "Collective labour law in times of economic crisis : theoretical and comparative perspectives." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2016. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:1f8bb178-12db-45e6-ba90-0fdcac45429b.
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The thesis explores the interaction of the economic phenomenon of 'economic crisis' with the legal phenomenon of Collective Labour Law (CLL). This interaction is the thesis' main problematique. Rather than undertaking an all-encompassing investigation, it seeks to modestly contribute some new theoretical and comparative perspectives on the problematique. These perspectives are of potential value both to the highly underdeveloped area of the theorisation on economic crises and CLL and to the comparative labour law literature. On the theoretical side, the thesis puts forward a novel Marxist-critical theoretical framework for understanding the crisis' operation of CLL. Building successively on the Marxist-critical insights of a fundamental contradiction between the (capitalism) reproductive and (worker) protective function of CLL, the crisis theories' common assertion of economic rationalisation as the primary crisis response and a joint reading of Gramscian counterhegemony and Habermas' theory of legitimation crisis, a theoretical framework is constructed around a proposed concept: crisis (dis)equilibrium. These (dis)equilibria, which arguably determine the course of CLL's crisis developments are composed of two fundamental opposing forces: the force of economic rationalisation, pushing for reforms dictated by the need for intense capitalist restructuring and the opposing counter-legitimation force, which reflects the level of socio-political threat of withdrawal of support to the prevailing economic system or at least to the reforms dictated by economic rationalisation. The comparative side that serves also as a testing empirical ground for the theoretical framework, consists of an extensive interrogation of the recent crisis CLL trajectories in Greece and the UK. For Greece, the analysis observes and accounts for a dramatic collapse of the pre-crisis protective CLL edifice as a result of multiple and abrupt far-reaching CLL reforms bringing about the neo-liberal crisis movement. Subsequently, the thesis offers a response to why the protective constitutionalisation of CLL rights in Greece failed to prevent the de-construction by designating a de-constitutionalisation triangle of normative spheres. The triangle maps and explains how the neoliberal-oriented EU-IMF bailout conditionality prevailed over domestic-constitutional and transnational labour rights normative spheres through identifying a series of 'strong' and 'weak' legal and non-legal interactions. For the UK, the analysis dismisses a suggestion of a complete stasis during the crisis. Instead, it ascertains and accounts for a further -more gradual- neo-liberal consolidating crisis movement of UK's pre-crisis neo-liberal CLL paradigm. Hence the British crisis movement is described as neo-liberal continuity by consolidation. Very importantly, the thesis observes a significant crisis de-constitutionalisation process of CLL in the UK, which takes the shape of a constitutional attack on the political voice of unions by regulatory reforms. Eventually, the thesis finds a comparative crisis pattern of a 'Great Neo-liberal Convergence' between the two previously diametrically opposite CLL systems, since they moved closer and toward the neo-liberal end during the crisis. The 'neo-liberal convergence' finding is situated as a supportive case for the convergence theorists within the convergence/non-convergence debate over whether the European CLL systems are to converge. Moreover, the analysis demonstrates the explanatory value of the Crisis Equilibrium theoretical framework for understanding the crisis trajectories in both countries and suggests that crisis developments confirm the heteronomy of CLL to the theoreticallyidentified dialectic between the capitalist force of economic rationalisation and the social force of counter-legitimation.
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Turner, Paula Vanessa. "Selected economic and demographic associates of fear of crime: a log linear approach." DigitalCommons@Robert W. Woodruff Library, Atlanta University Center, 1986. http://digitalcommons.auctr.edu/dissertations/1701.
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This research attempts to show the relationship between the independent and dependent variables, through various social statuses on the fear of crime.
The purpose of the study was to measure the frequency of the fear of crime during the day, and the fear of crime during the night. The data used in the study is based on a city wide surveys conducted by Debro et. al., the Department of Criminal Justice Administration, Atlanta University.
The study consisted of a number of selected variables which were separated into two categories. The categories i included: (1) economic variables such as, occupation, employment, social class and income; (2) demographic variables, included age, sex and marital status. The two categories were then formulated into a working model in which each became an element of the model. All of the elements were defined as independent variables, and fear of crime served as the dependent variable. Once the dependent variable was established, log linear models were used to test the relationship between the independent and dependent variables for each group in the study. The study was conducting by submitting the model to descriptive and analytical procedures.
The major findings support the hypotheses that, among the selected economic and demographic variables, these variables had a significant effect on the fear or crime.
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Kelly, David. "Money-capital and company law : a historical analysis." Thesis, University of Kent, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.278196.
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Oppong, Richard Frimpong. "Relational issues of law and economic integration in Africa : perspectives from constitutional, public and private international law." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/17454.
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This thesis examines how relational issues of law in economic integration are being approached in Africa. At their core, relational issues deal with the legal interactions among community, national, regional and international legal systems within the context of economic integration. The theory is that effective economic integration is the product of properly structuring and managing – within well-defined legal frameworks – vertical, horizontal and vertico-horizontal relations among states, legal systems, laws and institutions. Put differently, an economic community must have well-structured and managed relations between itself and other legal systems as a necessary condition for its effectiveness. After expounding this theory and applying it to the state of affairs in Africa (focusing principally on four regional economic communities), the original contribution of the thesis to knowledge on economic integration in Africa can be captured in a few words: Africa’s economic integration processes have not paid systematic or rigorous attention to relational issues. The interactions between community and member states’ legal systems, among the various communities, as well as among member states’ legal systems, have neither been carefully thought through nor placed on a solid legal framework. Where attempts have been made to provide a legal framework, it has been incomplete, unsatisfactory, and, sometimes, grounded on questionable assumptions. The thesis argues that, unless these shortfalls are remedied, the progress and effectiveness of Africa’s economic integration will be seriously undermined. The thesis reveals that even if all the infrastructural, socio-economic and political challenges that bedevil Africa’s economic integration were to disappear, - and it is these challenges that most of the scholarship on Africa’s economic integration are devoted to - there remains much in the realm of law which, if unaddressed, will hinder its success and effectiveness.