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1
Musson, Anne. "Combining sustainable development and economic attractiveness: towards an indicator of sustainable attractiveness." International Journal of Sustainable Development 16, no. 1/2 (2013): 127. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijsd.2013.053787.
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Bruneckiene, Jurgita, Robertas Jucevicius, Ineta Zykiene, Jonas Rapsikevicius, and Mantas Lukauskas. "Assessment of Investment Attractiveness in European Countries by Artificial Neural Networks: What Competences are Needed to Make a Decision on Collective Well-Being?" Sustainability 11, no. 24 (December 4, 2019): 6892. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11246892.
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A rich volume of literature has analysed country investment attractiveness in a wide range of contexts. The research has mostly focused on traditional economic concepts—economic, social, managerial, governmental, and geopolitical determinants—with a lack of focus on the smartness approach. Smartness is a social construct, which means that it has no objective presence but is “defined into existence”. It cannot be touched or measured based on uniform criteria but, rather, on the ones that are collectively agreed upon and stem from the nature of definition. Key determinants of smartness learning—intelligence, agility, networking, digital, sustainability, innovativeness and knowledgeability—serve as a platform for the deeper analysis of the research problem. In this article, we assessed country investment attractiveness through the economic subjects’ competences and environment empowering them to attract and maintain investments in the country. The country investment attractiveness was assessed by artificial intelligence (in particular, neural networks), which has found widespread application in the sciences and engineering but has remained rather limited in economics and confined to specific areas like counties’ investment attractiveness. The empirical research relies on the case of assessing investment attractiveness of 29 European countries by the use of 58 indicators and 31,958 observations of annual data of the 2000–2018 time period. The advantages and limitations of the use of artificial intelligence in assessing countries’ investment attractiveness proved the need for soft competences for work with artificial intelligence and decision-making based on the information gathered by such research. The creativity, intelligence, agility, networking, sustainability, social responsibility, innovativeness, digitality, learning, curiosity and being knowledge-driven are the competences that, together, are needed in all stages of economic analysis.
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Sheveleva, N. A. "Tax Law Mechanisms of State Support for Entrepreneurship under Modern Conditions." Actual Problems of Russian Law 15, no. 11 (November 29, 2020): 36–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.17803/1994-1471.2020.120.11.036-048.
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Encouragement of domestic investments into the real sector of the Russian economy is a pressing task of state administration at the current stage. As part of the measures of state support the author names tax preferences, including tax incentives both in their economic manifestation and in their legal implementation. Residents of special economic zones and other territories with special status, as well as participants of regional investment projects have the right to use reduced corporate income tax accompanied with a whole system of prohibitive conditions and restrictions. The assessment of the set of conditions and restrictions applied for various economic entities allows to question the real attractiveness of the status of a resident or participant of such a significant activity for the State as the investment activity. Lack of confidence in the rigidity of business conditions, including tax conditions, is a factor that affects adversely the attractiveness of investment activities. The significance of this factor is evidenced by the adoption of Federal Law № 69-FZ dated April 01, 2020, “On Investment Protection and Promotion in the Russian Federation” that provides for a stabilization clause covering tax regulation. The Federal Law has been widely discussed among business people at the stage of a draft. However, the new Law does not solve many problems: the conclusion of an agreement with a stabilization clause will be available to far from every economic entity, real and potential residents of territories with special status or participants in regional investment projects.
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Zalizniuk, Victoria, and Volodymyr Shchelkunov. "Investment attractiveness of Ukraine: realities and perspectives." University Economic Bulletin, no. 48 (March 30, 2021): 148–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.31470/2306-546x-2021-48-148-154.
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Subject of research. The purpose of the study is the investment attractiveness of Ukraine and ways to improve using the Index of Investment Attractiveness of Ukraine. The purpose of writing this article is to identify ways to improve the investment climate in Ukraine. Methodology of work - methods of statistical analysis and synthesis, method of graphic modeling of investment attractiveness of economic climate in Ukraine. Results - As a result of the study, the following priorities were identified for 2021 to improve the investment climate in Ukraine: reboot of the judicial system; de-oligarchization of power; development of an effective and independent anti-corruption infrastructure; getting rid of bureaucracy; reduction of administrative and tax pressure on business; appointment of pro-European reformers to public office; restoration and support of cooperation with international financial institutions; law enforcement reform and effective fight against smuggling, including through increased fiscalization; establishing equal rules of the game for business. Scope of results. Economic branch: management of national economy, macroeconomics, economic theory. Conclusions. The biggest obstacles to the Ukrainian market as a result of the survey identified - exchange rate fluctuations, close ties between the economy and politics, insufficient legal order, corruption of public authorities, labor shortages and access to finance.
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Bondarenko, Alla, Liudmyla Zakharkina, Liubov Syhyda, and Liudmyla Saher. "The Economic and Marketing Attractiveness of Countries: Measurement and Positioning in Terms of Economic Security." International Journal of Sustainable Development and Planning 15, no. 4 (June 18, 2020): 439–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.18280/ijsdp.150404.
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Trifković, Milan, Miroslav Kuburić, Žarko Nestorović, Goca Jovanović, and Milan Kekanović. "The Attractiveness of Urban Complexes: Economic Aspect and Risks of Environmental Pollution." Sustainability 13, no. 14 (July 20, 2021): 8098. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13148098.
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Urbanization and intensive economic activities and growth are closely related. On the other hand, the economic, especially industrial activities cause the pollution of urban areas. In spite of that risk for human health, people strive to live in conditions which offer more chances for improved quality of life. In this paper the connection between the economic chances and healthy risk issues are investigated. To determine the rate of attractiveness of urban complexes the authors introduced the relation between gross domestic product of urban area and the air quality index, called economic attractiveness of urban area. This ratio is quite stable because changes of gross domestic product per capita and air quality index are not expected to be too dynamic and unpredictable. Additionally, the errors in the measuring of gross domestic product and air quality index are quite small and could not affect the result significantly. The results showed that correlation between gross domestic product and air quality index is negative, i.e., that higher gross domestic product per capita (GDP/c) is related with lower air quality index which means greater quality of air. In addition, the coefficient of economic attractiveness showed that urban areas with highest gross domestic product do not have to be the most attractive areas if the air quality index is higher.
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Bondarenko, N. V., S. A. Vlasiuk, and T. A. Derkach. "INVESTMENT ATTRACTIVENESS OF UKRAINIAN AGRARIAN SECTOR." Collected Works of Uman National University of Horticulture 2, no. 98 (June 20, 2021): 195–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.31395/2415-8240-2021-98-2-195-203.
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The article deals with the problems of investment attractiveness of the agricultural sector in Ukraine. It is defined that engaging investment in agricultural sector is based on a wide range of aspects that go beyond agricultural policy, in particular macroeconomic policy. Such coherent policy is an essential part of a beneficial investment climate for both native and foreign investors. The definition of investment attractiveness has been determined that is one of the most relevant and frequently used in economy today. It was found that for UAH1 of capital investment for the manufacturing of food and tobacco products in January-March 2019, UAH 3, 38 was accounted for agricultural sector. Rating of investment attractiveness of agrarian branches is stated. It is outlined that Kyiv and Kyiv region agro-industrial complex is ranked the first position as well as the second, third and fourth positions are shared by Zaporizhia, Dnipropetrovsk and Poltava regions. . It should be noted that over 10 years the share of investments in financial and insurance activities has significantly decreased. The foreign and native experience has been studied, and an effective transformation of the agrarian sector of economy has been established that is based on the intensification of investment activities and a significant increase in the levels of investment. It has been determined that during the period of constrained investment resources at the state level, the investment attractiveness of the region is the key requirement through which the investment strategy and investment policy of enterprises and the state as a whole are formed. Consequently, the issue of increasing relevance becomes the investment activity of individual regions and identifying promising ways to attract resources. It was determined that nowadays the priority area for investment in agriculture should be updating and modernization of agricultural equipment. Therefore, it is necessary to carry out technical re-equipment and reconstruction of livestock farms and complexes, to update the vehicles with high-quality, modern machines of the new generation. It is necessary to create a comprehensive strategy for increasing the investment attractiveness of Ukraine, which includes a number of aspects in the context of support and development of both the current comparative advantages of the economic system and the prospective ones, correspond to the development trends of the global economy and provide the foundations of Ukraine's economic safety. It is proposed that the first step in restoring investment attractiveness is the adoption of the law on state support for investment projects with substantial investments.
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Chew, S. H., and Larry G. Epstein. "The law of large numbers and the attractiveness of compound gambles." Journal of Risk and Uncertainty 1, no. 1 (March 1988): 125–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00055567.
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Chanysheva, Amina, Pierre Kopp, Natalia Romasheva, and Anni Nikulina. "Migration Attractiveness as a Factor in the Development of the Russian Arctic Mineral Resource Potential." Resources 10, no. 6 (June 20, 2021): 65. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/resources10060065.
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The development of mineral resources in the Arctic territories is one of the priorities of the state policy of Russia. This endeavor requires modern technologies, high-quality personnel, and a large number of labor resources. However, the regions of the Arctic are characterized by difficult working and living conditions, which makes them unattractive to the working population. The research objectives were to study the importance of Arctic mineral resources for the Russian economy, the Arctic mineral resource potential, and the migration attractiveness of Arctic regions. The migration processes in these locations were analyzed and modeled using a new econometric tool—complex-valued regression models. The authors assume that the attractiveness of the Arctic regions is determined by the level of their social and economic development and can be assessed using a number of indicators. A comparative analysis of four regions that are entirely in the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation was carried out based on the calculation of integral indicators of the social and economic attractiveness of these territories. Forecasting migration growth using the proposed complex-valued models produced better results than simple trend extrapolation. The authors conclude that complex-valued economic models can be successfully used to forecast migration processes in the Arctic regions of Russia. Understanding and predicting migration processes in the Arctic will make it possible to develop recommendations for attracting labor resources to the region, which will contribute to the successful development of its resource potential. The methodology of this study includes desk studies, a graphical method, arithmetic calculations, correlation analysis, statistical analysis, and the methods of the complex-valued economy.
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Ćulić, Milan, Miroslav D. Vujičić, Časlav Kalinić, Milosav Dunjić, Uglješa Stankov, Sanja Kovačić, Đorđije A. Vasiljević, and Željko Anđelković. "Rookie Tourism Destinations—The Effects of Attractiveness Factors on Destination Image and Revisit Intention with the Satisfaction Mediation Effect." Sustainability 13, no. 11 (May 21, 2021): 5780. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13115780.
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Emerging tourism destinations repeatedly face many managerial challenges, often leading to common pitfalls and rookie mistakes. The current study aims to analyze relationships between destination attractiveness factors (Destination Amenities, Tourism Infrastructure and Accessibility, Active Family Destination, Hospitality and Services, and Social–Safety–Economic Values), satisfaction, destination image, and revisit intentions to test a mediating role of satisfaction between destination attractiveness factors and both destination image and revisit choices within so-called rookie destinations. For this purpose, a quantitative study was carried out using a questionnaire as an instrument for data collection. Data were collected from a sample of 2030 visitors to Serbia. Structural equation modeling (SEM) in R was applied to analyze the data. The results revealed the positive direct effects of destination attractiveness factors on satisfaction, destination image, and revisit intentions. Moreover, the research confirmed the mediating role of satisfaction in the relationship between destination attractiveness and destination image, and revisit intentions. The results are further discussed from the perspective of emerging tourism destinations to make their management more sustainable for the future and mitigate the repetition of rookie mistakes.
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Bulavko, O. A., B. Ya Tatarskih, L. R. Tuktatova, and I. A. Naugolnova. "Digitalization as a Key Factor of Increasing Investment Attractiveness and Innovative Development of Industrial Enterprises." SHS Web of Conferences 62 (2019): 03001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/20196203001.
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The relevance of the study is stipulated by the need to increase the in-vestment attractiveness of the real sector of the economy in the context of global changes associated with the new industrial revolution "Industry 4.0". In this regard, the article is aimed at identifying indicators that determine the innovative potential of industrial complex enterprises, identifying factors and criteria for the effective development of industrial enterprises based on the introduction of innovative and digital technologies and increasing the investment attractiveness of high-tech industries. The leading approach to the study of this problem is a systematic and comprehensive analysis of the reasons of technological lag of industrial enterprises and the factors restraining their effective development. As a result, the possibilities of the economy growth at the account of the tools of the industrial investment policy were proved. The materials of the article are of practical value for researchers and specialists involved in the problems of increasing the investment attractiveness and economic efficiency of industrial enterprises in conditions of economy digitalization. The materials of the article are of practical value for researchers and specialists involved in the problems of increasing the investment attractiveness and economic efficiency of industrial enterprises in conditions of digitalization of the economy.
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Ziyadin, Sayabek, Elena Streltsova, Alex Borodin, Nataliya Kiseleva, Irina Yakovenko, and Elmira Baimukhanbetova. "Assessment of Investment Attractiveness of Projects on the Basis of Environmental Factors." Sustainability 11, no. 9 (May 1, 2019): 2544. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11092544.
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This article is devoted to the creation of intelligent modelling tools for decision support in the evaluation of intellectual projects submitted for financing, as based on qualitatively defined characteristics. The economic and mathematical models that form the basis of the toolkit are constructed using the mathematical apparatus of fuzzy logic, which allows for the description of poorly structured knowledge of specialists, as well as their application in solving questions about the extent of the impact of the proposed projects on the environment. The authors classify investment projects according to the degree of impact on the environment, the environmental criteria required by the investor for the evaluation of investment projects, and the formal formulation of the problem of evaluation of investment projects when taking into account the environmental factor. The toolkit was created based on the concept of intellectualization, where economic and mathematical models for the evaluation of investment projects are programmatically implemented via the tools and functions available in the MATLAB package.
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Srikranjanapert, Methee, Siripha Junlakarn, and Naebboon Hoonchareon. "How an Integration of Home Energy Management and Battery System Affects the Economic Benefits of Residential PV System Owners in Thailand." Sustainability 13, no. 5 (March 2, 2021): 2681. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13052681.
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Although home energy management systems (HEMS) and batteries are part of the Thailand Smart Grid Master Plan, the financial feasibility and attractiveness of installing residential solar rooftop photovoltaic (PV) systems with integration of the HEMS and battery have never been investigated. This study develops three scenarios comprising of an installation of only solar PV system, solar PV system with the HEMS, and solar PV system with integration of the HEMS and battery under the current net billing solar program for households and analyzes their financial feasibility and attractiveness by using economic measures. In addition, sensitivity analysis is performed to analyze the impacts of critical parameters on the feasibility of these three scenarios. Findings indicate that the installation of a solar rooftop system with the HEMS provides the highest customer economics. Although the implementation of HEMs leads to an increase in energy exports, benefits from bill savings of lower electricity consumption by using the HEM are relatively high compared to the loss from energy exports. Therefore, in the short term, the government should promote the integration of HEMS with a PV system; however, the installation of a PV system with HEMS and battery in the residential sector should be promoted when battery cost decreases.
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Saraswathy, R., N. Thamaraiselvan, B. Senthilarasu, and M. Sivagnanasundaram. "Facades of Attractive Employer in Indian IT Industry." International Journal of Human Capital and Information Technology Professionals 2, no. 1 (January 2011): 80–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jhcitp.2011010106.
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Despite advances in technology and major shifts in economy, people remain an organizations most valuable resource. Human capital and intellectual assets make a difference to the competitive advantage of the firm in a knowledge based industry. Employer Attractiveness (EA) is the prerequisite to attract and retain superior quality talent. Employer attractiveness can be defined as the envisioned benefits that a potential employee sees in working for a specific organization. This study empirically examines the elements of employer attractiveness in Information Technology (IT) industry from the perspective of current employees and determines the most attractive employer in the Indian IT industry. Results show that Indian IT employees valued economic factors, global opportunities, development factors, and application factors. Tata Consultancy Services (TCS) was the most attractive employer, followed by Infosys, Wipro, Polaris Software Lab and Hexaware.
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Jamroży, Marcin, and Magdalena Janiszewska. "Permanent establishment as a foreign direct investment in Poland: identification of tax barriers in the context of new tax development." International Journal of Management and Economics 57, no. 2 (June 1, 2021): 177–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ijme-2021-0011.
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Abstract The paper aims to identify the significant tax barriers to foreign direct investment (FDI) in Poland, in particular in the form of a permanent establishment (PE), in the context of new developments in international tax law. Due to the recommendations of the Base Erosion and Profit Shifting (BEPS) project, launched by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) to prevent international tax avoidance, the understanding of PE has changed, which could lead to changes in business models. The purpose of the research is also to identify the significant tax barriers to economic activity in Poland, in particular in the form of PE, against the international tax law context. The study conducted by the authors relies on the most current tax rulings and judgments of administrative courts issued between 2017 and 2020. It is concluded that not so much the effective tax burdens but the regulatory ambiguity surrounding the tax obligations may contribute to the reduction of Poland's attractiveness as a location for FDI.
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Voichuk, Maksym, and Vladyslav Kozliuk. "REGIONAL ATTRACTIVENESS WITHIN TERRITORIAL MARKETING CONCEPT: UKRAINIAN CASE STUDY." International Journal of Legal Studies ( IJOLS ) 9, no. 1 (June 30, 2021): 61–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0015.2284.
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The article analyzes the attractiveness of the regions of Ukraine based on the application of basic econometric methods. The author’s approach to the definition of regions from the stand-point of the concept of territorial marketing is proposed. The dynamics of regional development are presented and, accordingly, the analysis of the competitiveness of the regions of Ukraine in the period 2014-2019 is carried out. The basic trends of regional development are determined. An analysis of the interdependence of macroeconomic processes and their impact on the meso level. The results of the analysis form a methodological basis for in-depth research, in particu-lar, the formation of organizational and economic mechanisms for managing the marketing attractiveness of regions.
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Gagarin, Yu N. "RESPONSE TO REVIEW A.YU. FRANCUZOV TO ARTICLE “THE CONCEPT OF THE DRAFT FEDERAL LAW” FOREST CODE OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION “." FOREST SCIENCE ISSUES 3, no. 3 (December 2, 2020): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.31509/2658-607x-2020-3-3r-1-5.
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The article discusses the issues of the economic organization of forestry and proposals for its transformation from the sphere of budgetary services to the branch of material production, based on the international practice of profitable forestry without its integration with the timber processing industry. We have given a brief description of the low investment attractiveness of forestry production due to its long-term nature, which requires a special source of funding, and also described the advantages of state forestry organizations in terms of state ownership of forests over private forest use, burdened with forest reproduction activities (forest lease). The paper presents the general provisions of the forest management model based on the licensed right to conduct forestry by legal entities and individual entrepreneurs in state forests.
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Górriz, Carlos. "Incumbent Strategies against Collaborative Platforms." Law in Context. A Socio-legal Journal 36, no. 2 (May 19, 2020): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.26826/law-in-context.v36i2.97.
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The purpose of this article is to analyse the strategies that incumbent market participants are using to fight collaborative platforms. I essentially focus on the battle between taxi drivers and Uber in Spain, because it is a very complete scenario. Traditional operators feel threatened by collaborative platforms due to the greater attractiveness of their business model. Therefore, they implemented t the two classic defence measures: imitation and confrontation. Nonetheless, some references are made to other examples of sharing economy, as “short-term rental market” and other countries.
The first strategy is imitation. Established operators try to copy technological advances to increase competitiveness. Others team up with collaborative platforms to take advantage of their power of attraction and gain market share. We believe that it is the most desirable strategy, from a systematic point of view, because it improves competition and encourages innovation. Nonetheless, there are economic, social and legal obstacles that hinder imitation and collaboration.
Traditional operators have faced collaborative platforms through different channels. The two most important are judicial and legislative. Regarding the first one, incumbents have grounded the lawsuits on unfair competition. They argued that collaborative platforms took advantage of breaking the laws, misled, sold at a loss and, in general, did not act in good faith. The Spanish experience shows that this strategy is not efficient. Multiple uncertainties condition the result; for instance, the lack of precise knowledge of disruptive technologies. Even when the result is favourable to the plaintiff, winning does not mean necessarily success.
The third strategy is regulatory capture. Traditional operators put pressure on Parliaments, Governments and all kinds of administrations to forbid or restrict the activities of collaborative platforms. The Spanish experience is that this strategy can work. Success is not guaranteed as it full of difficulties and uncertainties. The outcome relies heavily on the political conjuncture, that uses to be fluctuating. Besides, it is very detrimental to the economic and legal system.
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Honoré, Tékam Oumbé. "The Effects of Capital Market Development and Foreign Direct Investment on the Entrepreneurial Process and Economic Growth." Research in Applied Economics 10, no. 4 (December 18, 2018): 40. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/rae.v10i4.14077.
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This article seeks to study the effects of the development of the capital market and foreign direct investment (FDI) in the entrepreneurial process and economic growth. The technical methods used in this study are the panel-based dynamic estimation method of the Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) and the Calderon-Rossell model, in order to assess the relative impact of the development of capital markets on the entrepreneurial process in the CEMAC zone. The results show that capital market and capitalization initiatives can lead to an entrepreneurial process and economic growth in the CEMAC region. In addition, the incidence of corruption, the rule of law and the quality of the regulatory framework are identified as the most important institutional frameworks that determine the attractiveness of CEMAC countries to the inflow of FDI.
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Grinchel, Boris, and Evgeniya Nazarova. "Competitive Attractiveness of Regions as a Target of Development Strategies." Regionalnaya ekonomika. Yug Rossii, no. 1 (April 2021): 42–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.15688/re.volsu.2021.1.4.
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The article discusses the competitive attractiveness and improvement of the characteristics of the regions’ social and economic space that may attract resources and consumers. Competitiveness in such progress ensures the acceleration of the overall development of the country and individual territories. The article substantiates and tests by data from the Russians regions of the Southern Federal District the hypothesis that an increase in certain characteristics of competitive attractiveness in areas which are relevant for a given region and currently in demand by external and internal consumers can be identified and selected as the goals of strategic plans the achievement of which can be controlled and monitored. The aim of the study is to develop and test a methodology for assessment and analysis of the competitive attractiveness of the regions for the selection of their target development priorities. The goal is implemented by means of developing methodological tools and testing through the analysis of the competitive potential of territories. The methodology is based on a set of social and economic factors such as economy, innovation and quality of life. In order to take into account the interdependence of factors while developing strategic plans, the authors provide a matrix of correlations of estimates according to the innovation factor of the competitive potential with the estimates of other factors and an integrated assessment of the factors mentioned above. The analysis of the assessments of regions’ competitive attractiveness made it possible to come to the conclusion that the greatest lag and differentiation in terms of indicators among territories is observed in the regions of the South of Russia from the point of view of the innovation potential and innovative attractiveness. Regional authorities can take into account the results of this research while developing strategies for the regions.
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L. Lozhkina, Svetlana, Alexander A. Novikov, Elena A. Chepkasova, and Elena V. Novikova. "Assessment of investment attractiveness for regional sustainable development using methods of economic, statistical and factor analysis." RIVISTA DI STUDI SULLA SOSTENIBILITA', no. 2 (January 2021): 65–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/riss2020-002005.
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The modern stage of civilizational processes puts forward "sustainable development" as the fundamental goal, considering this the most important vector of promising transformations of human society. This stage of globalization development reveals the need to make the above processes not spontaneous, but controlled, which can be implemented, inter alia, through a qualitative transformation of tools and technologies used to monitor and predict the development of individual territories. The article presents a methodology for a comprehensive assessment of the investment attractiveness of a region using methods of integrated statistical assessment, including methods of descriptive analysis, and using the method of factor analysis. This method allows monitoring the level of development of information and communication technologies in the region as a whole, as well as in the context of individual types of economic activity in order to determine the main points of bifurcation for the concentration of financial resources in the development of ICT and increase the investment potential of the region as a whole.
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Shpak, Nestor, Ihor Kulyniak, Maryana Gvozd, Jolita Vveinhardt, and Natalia Horbal. "Formulation of Development Strategies for Regional Agricultural Resource Potential: The Ukrainian Case." Resources 10, no. 6 (June 1, 2021): 57. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/resources10060057.
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The agricultural sector is one of the leading ones in the economy of many countries, as it creates the basis for their economic growth. Every region in every country has its own unique sphere of social reproduction due to different resource potential, i.e., fertile soils, favourable climatic conditions, etc. Under such conditions, it is irrelevant to choose a single development path for this sector. Given these facts, the study formulates development strategies for regional agricultural development of the country. In particular, we grouped regions into clusters according to the level of development of crop production and stockbreeding potential, as well as investment attractiveness. The method of cluster analysis was used to group regions by the level of capacity development, whilst the matrix method was used to formulate a matrix for choice of the strategy to improve the agricultural potential of regions. On the basis of the conducted analysis, the 3D matrix for the choice of investment strategy of the regional agricultural development of the country depending on the level of development of crop production and stockbreeding potential and investment attractiveness was constructed.
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Baasandulam, Mavidkhaan. "THE IMPACT OF FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT ON THE ECONOMIC GROWTH IN MONGOLIA." Chronos 6, no. 4(54) (April 13, 2021): 43–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.52013/2658-7556-54-4-12.
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Mongolian foreign direct investment is governed by the “Constitution”, “Foreign Investment Law” and other laws as well as international treaties to which Mongolia is a party. Mongolian s foreign direct investment fell by 35.8% from 2010 to 2011, 43.52% from 2012 to 2013, and 27.3% from 2014 to 2018. In recent years, there has been a trend of focusing foreign direct investment in the mining industry. As the inflow of foreign direct investment declines and the outflow increases, the economy still faces a series of problems, including foreign debt, budget deficits, exchange rates, and unemployment. This highlights the need to pay attention to the current investment environment and investment attractiveness policies, as well as appropriate policies that are in Mongolia’s interests. For this reason, it is still necessary to determine the prospects of foreign direct investment in Mongolia, the concentration of foreign direct investment in the non-mining sector, the implementation of foreign direct investment policy and its impact on the economy. Therefore, the purpose is to study and improve Mongolia’s foreign direct investment policy.
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Markova, Olga Vladimirovna, Ekaterina Yevgenievna Listopad, Aleksandr Vladimirovich Shelygov, Alexander Grigorievich Fedorov, and Igor Valentinovich Kiselevich. "Economic and legal aspects of the innovative activity of enterprises in the context of the digital economy." Nexo Revista Científica 34, no. 02 (June 9, 2021): 964–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.5377/nexo.v34i02.11623.
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The article deals with the economic and legal aspects of the innovative activity of enterprises in the context of the digital economy. The authors have established that the innovative activity of enterprises includes also the development of artificial intelligence and robotics and that in the current conditions when creating and using artificial intelligence technologies, the issue of ensuring national security in the digital environment becomes extremely important. In this case, the strategic goal of ensuring information security is to protect the vital interests of the individual and society against internal and external threats associated with the application of information technologies for various purposes contrary to civil law. It is proved that innovations will increase the investment attractiveness of the business, maintain a balance of creative freedom and internal control measures, self-regulation in the field of digital technologies, and develop a unified legal framework in the economic space.
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Yusen, Tan. "China’s tax and non-tax instruments responding to its weakening attractiveness to foreign capital." Kwartalnik Prawa Podatkowego, no. 2 (June 30, 2018): 35–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.18778/1509-877x.2018.02.02.
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This paper studies China’s weakening in its attractiveness to foreign capital, especially since its implementation of new corporate income tax law in year 2008, which phased out the former preferential tax treatments for foreign invested enterprises and the placed-based favourable tax policies for various special tax zones. Empirical evidence and the major factors causing this weakening in attracting foreign investment are discussed. This paper also studies the major tax measures, fiscal measures and non-tax measures adopted by China central and regional governments, which are aimed to improve China’s competitiveness in attracting foreign capital. The major contribution of this paper is its discussion on China’s good practice of making use of nonta Xmeasures to attract foreign capital, which is effective in avoiding harmful international ta Xcompetition. The other contribution of this paper is the discussion on the economic foundation (i.e. China’s comparative strength and state ownership of lands) which makes these non-tax measures feasible. China’s good practice of adopting non-tax measures and making use of its comparative strength is of reference value to other capital importing countries in the world.
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Brezdeń, Paweł, and Waldemar Spallek. "Specjalne strefy ekonomiczne w przestrzeni gospodarczej województwa dolnośląskiego." Studies of the Industrial Geography Commission of the Polish Geographical Society 10 (January 1, 2008): 217–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.24917/20801653.10.18.
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A special economic zone (SEZ) is an area of the Republic of Poland separated pursuant to the Law where business activity may be run with more advantageous conditions than the rules of economic activity in the State. Main reasons of establishing of the SEZ are: business activation of regions; restoration of old industrial areas; use of the existing industrial assets and economic infrastructure; establishment of new workplaces, especially in territories with high unemployment; development of new technical and technological solutions and their application in the national economy; increase of competitiveness of the products and services offered.Now in Poland there are 14 special economic zones. This paper focuses on the influence of the SEZ on region economy, with the Dolnośląskie Voivodship as an example. Three special economic zones in the region stimulate its economic development and bring about an increase of its investment attractiveness among other regions in Poland. The Wałbrzyska SEZ and the Legnicka SEZ belong to the best special economic zones in the country in relation to achieved investment value and effectiveness of the development area.The investment in a zone the is important for the local economy. The paper describes this question with the Legnicka SEZ as an example.
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YARKOV, V. V. "COMPETITION OF LEGAL SYSTEMS: MYTH OR REALITY?" Herald of Civil Procedure 11, no. 1 (April 20, 2021): 13–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.24031/2226-0781-2021-11-1-13-29.
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The article examines certain aspects of the competition of legal and jurisdictional systems on the example of systems of common and continental (civil) law. The main attention is paid to the analysis of the report “Civil Legal Traditions in Question: On the Reports of the Doing Business of the World Bank”, prepared in the framework of the Association of Friends of French Legal Culture named after Henri Captain. The examples of export of law on the example of the creation of the MFC “Astana” are considered, a number of Russian laws are analyzed, aimed at increasing, in the opinion of their developers, the competitiveness of the Russian jurisdictional system. At the end of the study, the author notes that the condition for the full “coverage” of all possible corporate disputes by the arbitration agreement is the subordination of the MC and MF to foreign law. Another final thesis of this work is the idea that the living environment for participants in economic relations in Russia should be convenient and comfortable both from the point of view of the legal framework and law enforcement. Also, it is noted that increasing the attractiveness of the Russian jurisdictional system is an extremely urgent task, which determines the formation of conditions for increasing economic stability, intensive development of the social sphere and comprehensive progressive development of the country.
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Gulaliyev, Mayis G., Elchin R. Mustafayev, and Gulsura Y. Mehdiyeva. "Assessment of Solar Energy Potential and Its Ecological-Economic Efficiency: Azerbaijan Case." Sustainability 12, no. 3 (February 4, 2020): 1116. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12031116.
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The paper investigates resource, technical, economic and market potential of solar energy and its ecology and economic efficiency in Azerbaijan. The authors have distinguished six regions in the territory of Azerbaijan with different levels of solar radiation. The resource potential of the regions is calculated by the AutoCad program. As well, technical and economic potential was calculated by special methodology. The authors concluded that Azerbaijan has so much solar energy resource potential and it is possible to replace traditional carbon types of energy with solar energy, even by using the modern technical equipment. However, it is impossible because of economic disadvantages and very low electricity prices. The price of 1 kWh electricity from carbon fuels is several times cheaper than 1 kWh electricity from solar energy. That is why it is difficult to attract investments to develop solar power. There is a necessity to develop a new electricity price policy to stimulate attractiveness of solar power for households and industry.
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Bârsan, Alexandra Teodora, and Mihai Pop. "Road to green future - Decision making model for the environmental and energy sector." Proceedings of the International Conference on Business Excellence 12, no. 1 (May 1, 2018): 103–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/picbe-2018-0011.
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Abstract The mitigation of greenhouse gas emissions has become one of the most important topics on the agenda of EU- and national policy-makers. The importance of the climate change issue is exponentially growing from year to year, gathering specialist from the academic, economic and energy fields in the hope of finding the best solutions in fighting the negative effects of the phenomenon. This challenge has issued an intense debate around the doctrines on which policymakers ground the process of law making. Two of the most debated theories are the neoclassic economic doctrines, on which the major part of the climate change regulation is based, and the innovation economic doctrines, which gained a lot of popularity and supporters in the academic field for the last couple of years. The paper presents the advantages and opportunities of current climate change legislation, as well as their disadvantages and limits. Furthermore it focuses on emphasizing common issues that lead to the failure of climate change legislation and implicitly cause economic loss, lowering the attractiveness of future investments. Based on our research we have developed a decision making model for legislation and regulations of the environmental and energy sectors. The developed model offers guidelines to policy-makers of the energy field and aims both environmental and economic sustainability.
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Bondarenko, N., and D. Udalykh. "The investigation of the state of Ukraine furniture industry development under current economic conditions." Galic'kij ekonomičnij visnik 68, no. 1 (2021): 174–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.33108/galicianvisnyk_tntu2021.01.174.
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Furniture for a long time has been an integral component of human activity, recreation and everyday life. Its design, diversity and versatility along with the development of human civilization is increasingly becoming the object of further improvement. At present furniture production in Ukraine is the developing industry, gradually entering the European market in terms of quality and design. European furniture market is extremely attractive to operators and, therefore, has dynamics towards the competitor number increase. One of the factors of increasing the industry attractiveness is the support of amendments to the Law of Ukraine «On peculiarities of state regulation of business entities related to the sale and export of timber» by the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine in April 2015, which imposed temporary, gradual prohibition on the export of raw timber (forest logs) for 10 years. The corresponding partial prohibition entered into force on 11.01.2015, and complete prohibition (including pine wood) - from January 1, 2017. The consequences of this moratorium during the first five years of its operation, which is important in the context of politicization of this problem are analyzed in this paper. The dynamics and structure of the amount of enterprises in industry and the number of employees employed in them are investigated. The volume of furniture industry sales in general and the areas of their implementation (internal or external markets) are analyzed. The next stage is the analysis of the dynamics of the ratio of furniture products exports and imports in Ukraine and determination of the major exporters of such products. The final stage is the investigation of the dynamics of foreign direct investments in the enterprises capital share in this industry in order to identify its investment attractiveness. As a result, it is determined that the introduced moratorium has partial positive impact on the development of furniture industry in Ukraine. However, at present, the furniture industry is not attractive enough for new foreign investment. This is the consequence of significant amount of «shadow» production, which in its turn destabilizes the situation in the furniture market. Ukrainian manufacturers will be able to strengthen their position in domestic market and even abroad, if they solve the main problems in furniture production and eliminate all disincentives.
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Teeter, Lawrence, John C. Bliss, and William A. Henry. "Adoption of herbaceous weed control by southern forest industry." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 23, no. 10 (October 1, 1993): 2312–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x93-285.
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Herbaceous weed control has been demonstrated to confer a significant growth advantage to southern pine plantations, thereby accelerating harvest schedules and enhancing the economic attractiveness of regeneration investments. Despite this attractiveness, previous research suggests that herbaceous weed control technology has been adopted by industries in the South on only a small portion of the potentially applicable area. This paper discusses the extent to which herbaceous weed control is being used by southern forest industries and identifies factors influencing its adoption. We hypothesize that a combination of more attractive alternative investment opportunities, environmental or legal concerns, perceived public concern over chemical use, and a planning cycle time lag may partially explain the apparently slow rate of herbaceous weed control adoption. The study data comprise results from a mail survey of industrial herbaceous weed control users in the South.
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Giordano, Alessandro, H. Scott Matthews, Paul Fischbeck, and Patrícia Baptista. "Effects of temperature on economic attractiveness and airborne emissions' external costs of large battery electric and diesel delivery vans." ECONOMICS AND POLICY OF ENERGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT, no. 1 (November 2020): 95–151. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/efe2020-001006.
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Past studies have shown that public support for battery electric (BEV) vans is justified by their emission external cost savings compared to their diesel equivalent. This study builds on this previous work and focuses on temperature effects on costs and energy use of large BEV and diesel vans. The authors find that temperature effect has relatively small private costs, when compared to the overall operational costs. However, it could reduce large BEV vans' average range by up to 20% in cold cities. Pre-heating the vans could mitigate these negative effects by 5-10%, 90-95% and 100% for 23.4, 46.8 and 70.2 kWh large BEV vans, respectively. Hence, policy makers should adopt different strategies according to city temperature profiles, prioritiz-ing subsidies to charging stations in cold cities.
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Zhu, Ruoxin, Diao Lin, Yujing Wang, Michael Jendryke, Rui Xin, Jian Yang, Jianzhong Guo, and Liqiu Meng. "Social Sensing of the Imbalance of Urban and Regional Development in China Through the Population Migration Network around Spring Festival." Sustainability 12, no. 8 (April 23, 2020): 3457. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12083457.
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Regional development differences are a universal problem in the economic development process of countries around the world. In recent decades, China has experienced rapid urban development since the implementation of the reform and opening-up policy. However, development differs across regions, triggering the migration of laborers from underdeveloped areas to developed areas. The interaction between regional development differences and Spring Festival has formed the world’s largest cyclical migration phenomenon, Spring Festival travel. Studying the migration pattern from public spatiotemporal behavior can contribute to understanding the differences in regional development. This paper proposes a geospatial network analytical framework to quantitatively characterize the imbalance of urban/regional development based on Spring Festival travel from the perspectives of complex network science and geospatial science. Firstly, the urban development difference is explored based on the intercity population flow difference ratio, PageRank algorithm, and attractiveness index. Secondly, the community detection method and rich-club coefficient are applied to further observe the spatial interactions between cities. Finally, the regional importance index and attractiveness index are used to reveal the regional development imbalance. The methods and findings can be used for urban planning, poverty alleviation, and population studies.
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Babich, A. A. "FEATURES OF CONCLUDING A PUBLIC-PRIVATE PARTNERSHIP AGREEMENT IN THE FIELD OF ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AND INVESTMENT ATTRACTIVENESS OF THE ENVIRONMENTAL SECTOR FOR PRIVATE PARTNERS." Bulletin of Udmurt University. Series Economics and Law 29, no. 6 (November 25, 2019): 794–800. http://dx.doi.org/10.35634/2412-9593-2019-29-6-794-800.
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The article discusses the problems of legal regulation of public-private partnerships in the field of environmental protection, the procedures for concluding an agreement on public-private partnerships in the framework of Federal Law dated 13.07.2015 No. 224-ФЗ On Public-Private Partnerships, Municipal-Private Partnerships in the Russian Federation and amending certain legislative acts of the Russian Federation”, as well as increasing the investment attractiveness of the environmental protection sphere for private partners. The relevance of this topic is due to the fact that at the moment both projects aimed at protecting the environment and projects in other sectors of the economy are implemented mainly within the framework of concession legislation, and the norms of specialized legislation remain unclaimed by the participants of these relations. According to the author, the reasons for this state of affairs are, inter alia, the problems considered in the article. The findings of the study can be used to build a model of legal regulation of public-private partnerships in the field of environmental protection, as well as to formulate scientifically based proposals for improving legislation. In addition, the investment attractiveness of the environmental sector for private partners is also an economic topic, therefore, it is of interest to study by economists, whose research and proposals in this area will be important for the legal community.
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Jouan, Julia, Aude Ridier, and Matthieu Carof. "Economic Drivers of Legume Production: Approached via Opportunity Costs and Transaction Costs." Sustainability 11, no. 3 (January 29, 2019): 705. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11030705.
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Crop diversification is one of the main mechanisms identified for developing a more sustainable agriculture. Legumes are interesting diversifying crops to add to crop rotations because of their many positive impacts on agronomic systems. Nonetheless, production of these crops remains relatively low in Europe, in part because of socio-economic factors. The objective of this study was to analyze how the economic attractiveness of legumes may be influenced by two factors: opportunity costs and transaction costs. The method is divided into three steps. First, we built a database of opportunity costs of legumes from a literature review. Second, we qualitatively characterized transaction costs associated with exchange of legumes between producers and collectors. Third, we qualitatively analyzed if contracts currently offered in western France decreased transaction costs. For comparison, transaction costs of linseed were also studied. Our results indicate that legumes are economically attractive at the rotation scale due to zero or negative opportunity costs, but that their transaction costs are high. The contracts studied do not decrease these transaction costs sufficiently, in particular because uncertainties in price remain high in half of these contracts. Downstream differentiation seems necessary to decrease transaction costs by creating added value along the entire agro-food chain.
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Chiripuci, Bogdan-Cristian, Marius Constantin, Maria-Floriana Popescu, and Albert Scrieciu. "The Socio-Economic Impact of Migration on the Labor Market in the Romanian Danube Region." Sustainability 12, no. 20 (October 19, 2020): 8654. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12208654.
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The dynamics of the labor market have been significantly influenced and impacted in recent decades by the scale of globalization, not only from a socio-economic standpoint, but also from the perspective of generating the premises of destroying boundaries. Taking this into consideration, our research is aimed at highlighting the socio-economic impact of migration on the labor market in the Romanian Danube Region in order to create a framework which can be used when elaborating a solid action plan meant to increase the socio-economic attractivity in the analyzed region. This research was carried out by resorting to the multicriterial analysis, aimed at quantifying the state of development of the analyzed counties from the perspective of clearly defined socio-economic indicators. Additionally, the linear regression research method was applied in order to ensure a more in-depth analysis of the relationship between local employment and the departure from domicile. The main finding was that Mehedinţi County has greater potential for socio-economic development than the neighboring county, even though the population is not encouraged to remain in the rural areas, one of the reasons being the lack of attractiveness of the local labor market. The designed econometric model confirms (66.17%) this result in the case of the localities part of Mehedinţi County.
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Trząskowska, Monika, Anna Łepecka, Katarzyna Neffe-Skocińska, Katarzyna Marciniak-Lukasiak, Dorota Zielińska, Aleksandra Szydłowska, Beata Bilska, Marzena Tomaszewska, and Danuta Kołożyn-Krajewska. "Changes in Selected Food Quality Components after Exceeding the Date of Minimum Durability—Contribution to Food Waste Reduction." Sustainability 12, no. 8 (April 15, 2020): 3187. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12083187.
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Reducing food waste throughout the agri-food chain, as well as sustainable food choices by consumers, can contribute to more efficient resource management. In addition, food insecurity (FI), a socio-economic inability to obtain appropriate quality food in sufficient amounts, still exists. To provide scientific data related to FI, i.e., by reducing food waste, the aim of this pioneering study was to evaluate selected food quality components of food at the end of the date of minimum durability and during the following 6 months of storage. Food safety and sensory attractiveness of the products were taken into consideration. Food safety measurements included microbiological quality, water activity and pH analysis. Sensory attractiveness was evaluated by the quantitative descriptive analysis (QDA) and instrumental analysis. The evaluated foodstuffs were characterised by good sensory quality and safety on the last day of minimum durability. This condition was maintained for up to 3 months of storage. However, after 6 months, significant sensory changes were found, which disqualified the products. The obtained results provide the basis for establishing guidelines that will facilitate the organisation of traders and food banks as well as consumers to make a decision not to throw food but eat or transfer it for social purposes.
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Buda, Erez, Dani Broitman, and Daniel Czamanski. "Urban Structure in Troubled Times: The Evolution of Principal and Secondary Core/Periphery Gaps through the Prism of Residential Land Values." Sustainability 13, no. 10 (May 20, 2021): 5722. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13105722.
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The structure of modern cities is characterized by the uneven spatial distribution of people and activities. Contrary to economic theory, it is neither evenly distributed nor entirely monocentric. The observed reality is the result of various feedbacks in the context of the interactions of attraction and repulsion. Heretofore, there is no agreement concerning the means to measuring the dimensions of these interactions, nor the framework for explaining them. We propose a simple model and an associated method for testing the interactions using residential land values. We claim that land values reflect the attractiveness of each location, including its observable and unobservable characteristics. We extract land values from prices of residences by applying a dedicated hedonic model to extensive residential real estate transaction data at a detailed spatial level. The resulting land values reflect the attractiveness of each urban location and are an ideal candidate to measure the degree of centrality or peripherality of each location. Moreover, assessment of land values over time indicates ongoing centralization and peripheralization processes. Using the urban structure of a small and highly urbanized country as a test case, this paper illustrates how the dynamics of the gap between central and peripheral urban areas can be assessed.
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Korobeev, Alexander, Roman Dremlyuga, and Yaroslava Kuchina. "Cybercrimes in the Russian Federation: Criminological and Criminal Law Analysis of the Situation." Russian Journal of Criminology 13, no. 3 (July 4, 2019): 416–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.17150/2500-4255.2019.13(3).416-425.
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The rapid development of communication systems and the use of computer equipment for the exchange of information lead to the emergence of new social relations that require criminal law protection. The Russian Federation does not stay away from this, and although it joined the high tech race late, the development of its legal norms in this sphere follows global trends. Law aimed at counteracting cybercrimes is no exception. The emergence of the global information space gives rise to previously unknown threats to national and international security. Key characteristics of information space, such as its trans-border character, anonymity, speed, difficulty of identifying the actor in the network have led to the growth in the number of IT users and increased the attractiveness of the information infrastructure from the standpoint of using the Internet for criminal purposes. Counteracting these threats has become an important element of the complex of measures to ensure security at the national and the global levels. The authors of the article present the comparative evaluation of the level of cyber-threats in Russia, offer a generalized assessment of the place that cybercrimes hold among other global threats and of the economic damage inflicted by cybercrimes. They examine the key sources of cyber threats, the critical problems and technologies. The authors also make a prediction of the possible threats associated with the introduction of artificial intelligence systems. Besides, they carry out the analysis of the current criminal law norms which prohibit illegal activities in the Internet and pay attention to the debatable scientific and practical issues.
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Shvydka, T. I. "AN IMPROVEMENT OF LEGAL REGULATION OF MISUSE OF BUSINESS REPUTATION OF ECONOMIC ENTITIES." Actual problems of native jurisprudence 1, no. 1 (March 4, 2021): 60–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/392113.
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The development of fair competition directly depends on the effectiveness of regulation, the application of organizational, legal and economic development measures and the stimulation of competition by fair and conscientious methods that have developed in society due to the rules of ethics, business customs, as well as the level of legal culture and consciousness of citizens. For the implementation of fairness in the market economy, it is necessary to ensure effective control by the antimonopoly authorities and the introduction of effective mechanisms to protect against unfair competition. Protection against unfair competition is the activity of the state, its competent authorities and officials, which are endowed with appropriate powers, regulated by law. Among the offenses provided for by the Law of Ukraine “On Protection against Unfair Competition”, an important place is occupied by such a type of illegal use of the business reputation of a business entity, which implies that the business entity commits actions aimed at mixing the activities of an unfair competitor and a business entity that has an appropriate business reputation in the market. Such actions negatively affect both the relevant participants in market relations, in particular, consumers of goods and services and producers of such goods, and the market as a whole. Business reputation is an important component of doing business, which gives a subjective assessment, a person’s beliefs about a brand, company, goods or services. This is the formation in the mind of a person of a perception that depends on the activities of a particular subject in the market. A positive business reputation of an enterprise, or its goodwill, is a necessary component of a company's success; it affects both the place of the enterprise in the market and the value of this company in the market in the event of a sale. In addition, the business reputation determines the efficiency of activities, attractiveness for investors, partners, customers and the demand for the products that the company offers. However, a frequent occurrence is the misuse of someone else’s business reputation, which harms the rules of economic competition and is an offense both in terms of competition law and legislation on the protection of intellectual property rights. Improving the legislative regulation of this issue should be aimed at real protection of business entities, consumers and business in general and have a preventive nature.
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Popov, Alexey, and Elvira Mamontova. "New priorities of Russia’s migration policy." Vestnik of the St. Petersburg University of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia 2020, no. 1 (April 8, 2020): 183–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.35750/2071-8284-2020-1-183-188.
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The article deals with the problems of implementing Russia’s migration policy at this stage of the country’s socio-economic and demographic development. It is emphasized that in the conditions of natural loss of the Russian population and reduction of migration growth, the role and importance of the State program to assist the voluntary resettlement of compatriots living abroad to the Russian Federation are increasing. In order to meet the challenges of replenishing the permanent population and labor resources of Russia, migration legislation is being improved. recently, a Federal law and three presidential Decreeshave been adopted that simplify the procedure for acquiring Russian citizenship for compatriots. The article analyzes the law enforcement practice of regional authorities of the Russian Federation in relation to participants of the State program to assist in the voluntary relocation of compatriots living abroad to the Russian Federation. The author emphasizes the need to change the law enforcement practice of local administrative and law enforcement agencies in the field of migration, to eliminate unjustified rigidity and bureaucratic red tape in relation to displaced compatriots. A number of proposals have been developed to improve Russia’s migration policy in order to increase the attractiveness for compatriots of the State program to assist in the voluntary relocation of compatriots living abroad to the Russian Federation, as well as to increase the importance and priority for local administrative and law enforcement agencies of the Russian Federation of assisting displaced compatriots in solving problems of their settlement.
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Blondeel, Mathieu, Jeff Colgan, and Thijs Van de Graaf. "What Drives Norm Success? Evidence from Anti–Fossil Fuel Campaigns." Global Environmental Politics 19, no. 4 (November 2019): 63–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/glep_a_00528.
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Why do some international norms succeed, whereas others fail? We argue that norm campaigns are more likely to succeed when the actions they prescribe are framed as a solution to salient problems that potential adopters face, even if different from the problem that originally motivated norm entrepreneurs. For instance, the campaign to reduce environmentally harmful fossil fuel subsidies has been more effective when linked to fiscal stability, a common problem that policy makers face. Problem linkages can thus bolster the attractiveness of a proposed new norm and broaden the coalition of actors that support the norm. We probe the plausibility of this argument by studying two campaigns that aim to shift patterns of finance for fossil fuel production and consumption: subsidy reform and divestment. Subsidy reform encourages governments to reduce subsidies for products like gasoline; divestment encourages investors to sell or avoid equity stocks from fossil fuel industries. We look at the variation in the impact of these two campaigns over time and argue that they have achieved institutional acceptance and implementation chiefly when their advocates have been able to link environmental goals with other goals, usually economic ones.
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Šťastná, Milada, Antonín Vaishar, Jiří Brychta, Kristýna Tuzová, Jan Zloch, and Veronika Stodolová. "Cultural Tourism as a Driver of Rural Development. Case Study: Southern Moravia." Sustainability 12, no. 21 (October 31, 2020): 9064. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12219064.
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The main aim of the study was to find out whether cultural tourism could be a driver of rural development in the selected area and in general. In case yes, to what extent and under what conditions. Three districts in the South-Moravian Region, Znojmo, Břeclav, and Hodonín, situated in the rural borderland with Austria and Slovakia represented the study area. Both geographical and sociological methods were used to gather evidence for cultural tourism in that study. Firstly, attractiveness analysis of the area defined for cultural tourism took place. Next, factors influencing the potential for cultural tourism affecting rural development in South Moravia were evaluated. Finally, synergistic relations were discussed. In the territory, many forms of tourism intersect. Based on the results, it can be stated that cultural tourism can hardly be the main driver of rural development after the decline of agriculture because the region’s economy has branched out in several directions. However, it can be an important complementary activity that yields both economic and non-economic benefits.
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Felipe, Jose Luis, Alvaro Fernandez-Luna, Pablo Burillo, Luis Eduardo de la Riva, Javier Sanchez-Sanchez, and Jorge Garcia-Unanue. "Money Talks: Team Variables and Player Positions that Most Influence the Market Value of Professional Male Footballers in Europe." Sustainability 12, no. 9 (May 3, 2020): 3709. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12093709.
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The aim of this paper is to analyse different interactions of the variables (age, position, or quality of the team and the league) and the crowdsourcing Transfermarkt values of male players in the top European leagues. All players (n = 2259) in the five most highly valued European leagues—Spain, England, Italy, France, and Germany—from the 2017/2018 season were included in this study. Data were retrieved from the open-source football database (Transfermarkt). The present economic value (VPRESENT) and maximum economic value (VMAX) of all players with professional contracts were registered. Regression analysis evidenced a significant influence of the level of the team, the birth month, the league, the playing position and the age of the player on mean and maximum economic value (p < 0.05). This analysis confirms that the players participating in the UEFA Champions League, Premier League teams, playing as attacking midfielders, and born in the first quarter of the year are the most economically valued in terms of both current value (R2 of 0.33) and maximal value (R2 of 0.36). Therefore, international football entities must take into account the financial balance between competitions—and not only at the domestic level, as the attractiveness and balance of European competitions may be directly affected.
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Baena-Moreno, Francisco M., Isabel Malico, and Isabel Paula Marques. "Promoting Sustainability: Wastewater Treatment Plants as a Source of Biomethane in Regions Far from a High-Pressure Grid. A Real Portuguese Case Study." Sustainability 13, no. 16 (August 10, 2021): 8933. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13168933.
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Wastewater treatment plants (WWTP) located in regions far from a high-pressure grid can produce renewable biomethane, which can partially substitute the natural gas locally consumed. However, the economic viability of implementing biomethane plants in WWTP has to be guaranteed. This paper uses the discount cash flow method to analyze the economic viability of producing biomethane in a WWTP located in Évora (Portugal). The results show that, under the current conditions, it is unprofitable to produce biomethane in this WWTP. Since selling the CO2 separated from biogas may result in an additional income, this option was also considered. In this case, a price of 46 EUR/t CO2 has to be paid to make the project viable. Finally, the impact of potential government incentives in the form of feed-in premia was investigated. Without selling CO2, the project would only be profitable for feed-in premia above 55.5 EUR/MWh. If all the CO2 produced was sold at 30 EUR/t CO2, a premium price of 20 EUR/MWh would make the project profitable. This study shows that the economic attractiveness of producing biomethane in small WWTP is only secured through sufficient financial incentives, which are vital for developing the biomethane market with all its associated advantages.
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Prevolšek, Boris, Aleksandar Maksimović, Adis Puška, Karmen Pažek, Maja Žibert, and Črtomir Rozman. "Sustainable Development of Ethno-Villages in Bosnia and Herzegovina—A Multi Criteria Assessment." Sustainability 12, no. 4 (February 14, 2020): 1399. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12041399.
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This paper explores ethno-villages in Bosnia and Herzegovina as an important element of rural and cultural tourism. The attractiveness of natural and cultural heritage is very important for sustainable rural tourism development. In order to improve the process of decision making to enable the sustainable development of ethno-villages, a multi-criteria assessment model has been developed. The methodology is based on qualitative modeling using a multi-criteria analysis via the DEXi software. The model is based on hierarchical relations consisting of three main criteria that are the basis of sustainable tourism development: economic, social, and environmental criteria. The ultimate goal of the model in this study was to evaluate ethno-villages, namely six ethno-villages in Bosnia and Herzegovina. The results of the study show how ethno-villages contribute to sustainable development.
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Jarosz, Katarzyna, and Hanna Daria Tricoire. "A Visit to Rusty Ships. Tourism as a Strategy of Rejuvenating Shrinking Towns in Coastal Areas." Global Environment 14, no. 3 (September 1, 2021): 588–612. http://dx.doi.org/10.3197/ge.2021.140307.
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The aim of the paper is to analyse, whether and to what degree that tourism is a way of rejuvenating shrinking cities located on the coast. The research is based on three cities, and the adjacent regions, located in Uzbekistan (Mo'noq), Romania (Sulina) and Georgia-Abkhazia (Sukhumi). Tourist attractions connected with nature, culture, history and cuisine are examined, along with the land use and tourist infrastructure. The research indicates that the three sites have great tourism potential, with a focus on nature-oriented tourism. It also suggests that infrastructure, transport, access to information and land use can have a strong, positive or negative impact on tourism attractiveness. Additionally, the threats that uncontrolled tourism can bring are considered - it has been shown that unsustainable tourism and an excessive influx of tourists are threats to the environment and to local societies. A balance between economic and environmental value should therefore be maintained in the process of developing tourism.
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Adamczak, Michał, Adrianna Toboła, Jadwiga Fijałkowska, Piotr Cyplik, and Maciej Tórz. "Analysis of Incentives to Eco-Driving for Car Rental Companies’ Customers." Sustainability 12, no. 24 (December 17, 2020): 10579. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su122410579.
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The problem of road traffic is one of the key challenges that cities will have to deal with in the future. It is also a problem directly related to the concept of sustainable development. Reducing the negative impact of road traffic in future cities can be achieved through cooperation in the following areas: social—shaping customer behavior and habits, economic—changing attitudes towards owning a car, and environmental—aimed at reducing the vehicle’s impact on the natural environment. A literature review was used to identify the research gap concerning the impact of the incentive system on increasing the environmental performance of drivers under short-term rental. Referring to the research gap, the main goal of the article is to identify the attractiveness of eco-driving incentives for drivers under short-term rental. The study used the survey method. The study was based on 323 completed questionnaires (female—122 and male—201). The following methods were also used in the analysis of the results: Anderson–Darling, Mood’s Median test and Kruskal Wallis multiple pairwise comparisons. The evaluation of the attractiveness of the incentive to eco-driving depends on the characteristic of the client who rents the car. Thus, it is possible to shape incentive systems for car rental customers that can shape their positive behavior on the road. Among the most attractive incentives for eco-driving in a rented car are: the possibility of upgrading a car in the next rental, discount for future rental and free car-wash.
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Zasemkova, O. F. "The Singapore convention on enforcement of mediated settlement agreements (mediation): from dream to reality?" Lex Russica, no. 3 (April 5, 2019): 60–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.17803/1729-5920.2019.148.3.060-072.
Full textAbstract:
On 26th of June, 2018, at its 51th session, the UN Commission on International Trade Law (UNCITRAL) announced the completion of two important documents — a draft United Nations Convention on International Settlement Agreements Resulting from Mediation, as well as the draft amendments to the UNCITRAL Model L aw on International Commercial Conciliation (2002) that, to a large extent, repeats the provisions of the draft Convention. It is expected that after its approval by the UN General Assembly on August 1, 2019, the Convention will be open for signature and, if ratified by a significant number of States, will play an important role in increasing the attractiveness of this method of dispute settlement to the international business community, allowing it to compete with international commercial arbitration.In this regard, the article attempts to analyze the main provisions of this Convention and to assess the feasibility of accession to it of the Russian Federation, taking into account the fact that currently in Russia this method of settlement of cross-border commercial disputes is not widespread. According to the results of the analysis, the author comes to the conclusion that the adoption of this Convention will create a basis for the enforcement of international agreements reached as a result of mediation and acceptable for States with different legal, social and economic conditions, while maintaining the inherent flexibility of this method of dispute resolution. This, in turn, will reduce the likelihood of parties to cross-border commercial disputes going to court or international commercial arbitration after mediation and, accordingly, will increase the attractiveness of this method of dispute resolution for the parties.
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Thomai, Gjergj. "Territorial Planning Policy for Sustainable Development." International Journal of Business & Technology 1, no. 1 (October 2012): 41–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.33107/ijbte.2012.1.1.05.
Full textAbstract:
Urban planning in Albania, has been promoted in various forms of organization. Ultimately Territorial Planning Law represents another form of policies on the territory that is closely linked to the decentralization of control of the territory. Up to now, four developments has been particularly important: * European approach, which gave an increase in economic and social cohesion policy; * Decentralization in the early 2000s, which has made local governments full participants in the process of territorial planning; * The emergence of the notion of sustainable development; * Initiation of international economic relations after the nineties. Territorial planning policy for sustainable development requires meeting the challenges posed by changing economic, social and cultural development, to achieve a balance of population, industry, culture, etc., between the provinces of the country, such as: a) define the principles and directions for a balanced and sustainable development of territory with European standards; b) the establishment of the territorial conditions for regional development; c) the direction of the establishment and development of national public infrastructure; d) creation of conditions for the preservation of ecosystems, biodiversity, natural resources on and under the earth and the natural and cultural wealth, balancing the effects of housing systems and economic activities and the protection of green spaces development of other areas of cultivable; etc. The objectives of these policies are: Convergence; Regional Competitiveness and Employment; European territorial cooperation and contractual approach as an effective means of implementation of projects that include various levels of government, "an area, a strategy, a contract". They will focus on priorities: local competition and attractiveness; environmental dimension of sustainable development; social and territorial cohesion; sustainable development.