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Relevant bibliographies by topics / Economic development. Capital

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Academic literature on the topic 'Economic development. Capital'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 14 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Economic development. Capital"

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Maune, Alexander. "Human capital intelligence and economic development." Problems and Perspectives in Management 14, no. 3 (September 27, 2016): 564–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/ppm.14(3-2).2016.13.

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This article explored human capital intelligence and economic development in Zimbabwe with some examples adopted from Israel and many other countries. A qualitative-exploratory literature review methodology was used for the purpose of this study because of its suitability. The primary concern of the author was to have and provide an in-depth analysis and understanding of the multiple realities and truths pertaining to human capital intelligence and economic development in Zimbabwe. An inductive approach was adopted for the purpose of this study. The findings of this article will make it possible to generalise the role of human capital intelligence towards economic development of a country and to develop some valuable propositions for future studies. The findings showed that human capital intelligence plays a critical role in economic development, through laying a foundation for economic development, attracting foreign direct investment, personal remittances, as well as attracting venture capitalists. Empirical evidence from countries such as Israel shows the criticality of human capital intelligence development to economic development of a nation. This article will assist business managers, societal leaders, policymakers, as well as governments to understand the criticality of human capital intelligence towards the development of a company, society and nation at large. This article has, therefore, academic, societal and business value. Keywords: Zimbabwe, economic development, human capital, intelligence, intellectual capital. JEL Classification: O1, J41, O34

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Ferleger, Louis. "Capital Goods and Southern Economic Development." Journal of Economic History 45, no. 2 (June 1985): 411–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022050700034124.

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Studies of the postbellum South have neglected the development of the capital goods industry within the region. The argument of this note is that where the capital goods industry was limited or not present, economic development was inhibited. Within the South, I focus on regional differences in the development of the industry. Evidence is presented that indicates that the development of the capital goods industry and the pattern of inventive activity (as measured by patents) varied considerably within the South. One key finding is that the plantation Old South had fewer patents per capita compared with the nonplantation South.

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Gapinski, James H. "Heterogeneous capital, economic growth, and economic development." Journal of Macroeconomics 18, no. 4 (September 1996): 561–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0164-0704(96)80052-8.

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King, Robert G., and Ross Levine. "Capital fundamentalism, economic development, and economic growth." Carnegie-Rochester Conference Series on Public Policy 40 (June 1994): 259–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0167-2231(94)90011-6.

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Dasgupta, Partha. "Nature's role in sustaining economic development." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 365, no. 1537 (January 12, 2010): 5–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2009.0231.

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In this paper, I formalize the idea of sustainable development in terms of intergenerational well-being. I then sketch an argument that has recently been put forward formally to demonstrate that intergenerational well-being increases over time if and only if a comprehensive measure of wealth per capita increases. The measure of wealth includes not only manufactured capital, knowledge and human capital (education and health), but also natural capital (e.g. ecosystems). I show that a country's comprehensive wealth per capita can decline even while gross domestic product (GDP) per capita increases and the UN Human Development Index records an improvement. I then use some rough and ready data from the world's poorest countries and regions to show that during the period 1970–2000 wealth per capita declined in South Asia and sub-Saharan Africa, even though the Human Development Index (HDI) showed an improvement everywhere and GDP per capita increased in all places (except in sub-Saharan Africa, where there was a slight decline). I conclude that, as none of the development indicators currently in use is able to reveal whether development has been, or is expected to be, sustainable, national statistical offices and international organizations should now routinely estimate the (comprehensive) wealth of nations.

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Saady Mahmood Abaas, Mlaabdal, Olena Chygryn, Oleksandr Kubatko, and Tetyana Pimonenko. "Social and economic drivers of national economic development: the case of OPEC countries." Problems and Perspectives in Management 16, no. 4 (November 2, 2018): 155–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/ppm.16(4).2018.14.

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This paper examines the economic relationships between oil price volatility and socially-economic development of 14 Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) using the annual panel data for the period 1990–2014 obtained from the World Bank (WB) statistical data sets. Hausman specification test has been performed to choose the method of panel data analysis, and the results were in favor of fixed effects estimation. The main findings indicate the direct relationship between economic growth and oil price volatility. The research supports the hypothesis that an increase in crude oil prices is positively related to GDP, and a 10% increase in oil prices correlates with 0.6-4% GDP improvements. Structural changes in employment in favor of service sector are negatively correlated with GDP per capita. Changes in GDP structure in favor of oil rents on 10% lead to the shrinking of GDP on 1%. Life expectancy at birth, as an indirect indicator of health, positively influences the economic growth indicators and an improvement in life expectancy on one percentage leads on average to 1% growth in GDP and 0.5-1.33% growth in GDP per capita. Energy efficiency improvements are positive drivers of GDP values at OPEC, and our findings suggest that a 10% increase at GDP per unit of energy use leads to 3% increase of GDP itself. The study recommends investing in energy efficiency, human capital, and capital formation to guarantee long-run economic development and prosperity of OPEC counties.

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Todaro, Michael P., Sisay Asefa, and Wei-Chiao Huang. "Human Capital and Economic Development." Population and Development Review 21, no. 2 (June 1995): 427. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2137505.

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Torsvik, Gaute. "SOCIAL CAPITAL AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT." Rationality and Society 12, no. 4 (November 2000): 451–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/104346300012004005.

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Cubas, German. "Public Capital and Economic Development." Economic Journal 130, no. 632 (November 2020): 2354–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ej/ueaa079.

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Abstract Public capital is sizable and its share in total capital is higher in poor countries. The standard development accounting approach does not distinguish it from private capital, ignoring its public good features. The goal of this paper is to measure public capital stocks for a wide range of countries, and then develop and implement a development accounting framework that explicitly includes its non-rival aspects. The paper finds that factors of production account for a significantly greater share of cross-country differences in output per worker compared to the standard framework. With both non-rivalry and congestion, the contribution of factors of production decreases.

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Tamura, Robert. "Human capital and economic development." Journal of Development Economics 79, no. 1 (February 2006): 26–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jdeveco.2004.12.003.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Economic development. Capital"

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Dao, Thuy. "A purely theoretical study on economic growth in small open economies /." Title page, abstract and table of contents only, 2000. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phd211.pdf.

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Ahsan, Humna. "Essays on human capital and economic development." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2015. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/essays-on-human-capital-and-economic-development(c0f0748a-0b81-4c03-8a8a-49c925126938).html.

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This thesis explores three important factors that have been central to the pursuit of economic development especially in case of developing countries. These are human capital, corruption and institutions. The first chapter presents an analysis of the role of corruption in determining the distribution of income and, with this, the degree of poverty and inequality. The analysis is based on an overlapping generations model in which individuals may seek to improve their productive efficiency (and hence earnings) by supplementing or substituting publicly provided services (such as education and health) with personal expenditures on human capital investment. Because of capital market imperfections, their ability to do this depends on their inherited wealth which serves as collateral for loans. Corruption is reflected in the pilfering of public funds and a reduction in public service provision, the effect of which is to reduce the earnings of those who rely on such services and to exacerbate the extent of credit rationing for these agents. The dynamic general equilibrium of the model is characterised by multiple steady states to which different income classes converge. Higher levels of corruption lead to higher levels of poverty and may result in complete polarisation between the rich and poor by eliminating the middle class. The second chapter presents an analysis of the threshold effects of human capital on economic growth. Using a sample of 126 countries (1970-2012), we estimate a dynamic threshold panel model following Hansen (1999) and Caner & Hansen (2004). Our results are twofold: first, there exists a significant threshold level of development (proxied by capital stock per capita) below which the effect of human capital on economic growth is insignificant, whereas it is positive significant above it; second, while looking into the impact of institutional quality, we find significant thresholds of interaction between institutional quality and development.

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Wang, Shun. "Social capital, institutions, and economic development in China." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/43300.

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This thesis investigates the impact of social capital and institutions on economic development in China. Specifically, Chapters Two and Three address issues regarding social capital and cooperation, and Chapter Four studies the effect of a specific institution on economic status. In Chapter Two, I study whether social capital has an effect on household decisions to participate in Rotating Labor Associations (ROLAs) in rural China. I find that households in communities with higher levels of social capital are more likely to participate in ROLAs using household data collected from the Gansu province in China. The presence of village temple prior to 1949 is employed as an instrument for social capital. Numerous falsification exercises are performed to evaluate the efficacy of the instrumental variables approach. In Chapter Three (joint with Kathy Baylis and Yazhen Gong), we compare the effect of bridging versus bonding social capital on the management of a common pool resource. We develop a theoretical model and show that bonding social capital increases vulnerability to social sanction, while by giving communities an outside option, bridging social capital can reduce people’s vulnerability to social sanction, and reducing the enforcement capability of the community. However, bridging social might decrease people’s consumption by providing financial support to those who have few options to self-insure against risk. We then show that the empirical analysis using household level data on firewood collection from the Yunnan province in China supports the theoretical findings. In Chapter Four, I study the long-term impact of class identity (chengfen) on individuals’ income and households’ wealth in urban China. The Chinese government launched movements to make income and consumption in cities substantially homogeneous and assigned an inheritable class identity to each family in the 1950s. The government then implemented class-based discriminatory policies against the rich and middle class until 1978. This chapter shows that individuals with poor class origins have significantly lower income and family assets per capita than those from the rich class in 2002, however individuals with revolutionary background and Chinese Community Party (CCP) members from the poor class do not have lower income than those from the rich.

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Umar, Wahedi Ayesha. "Capital Flows, Political Performance, and Development." PDXScholar, 2011. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/217.

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This research explores the impact of various forms of capital flows on economic growth and development for a group of 120 countries from 1980-2007. Traditional growth literature as well as the textbook theory of economic growth looks at capital flows as playing a vital role in fostering economic growth and development. The textbook theories, as well as the existing approaches to study the capital flows and economic development connection, use growth and development interchangeably. This analysis, examines the consequences of different capital flows on growth and development separately because the determinants of growth may not be the same as the determinants of development. This distinction becomes even more applicable when observing the cases of countries that have experienced economic growth during certain periods but were unable to translate the increase in economic growth to development. To investigate the impact of various forms of capital flows, this dissertation utilizes life expectancy in addition to economic growth, as a measure of development. The results from using the two measures show that capital flows have dissimilar impact on life expectancy as well as economic growth. The central proposition of this dissertation is that not all forms of capital flows are created equal. Furthermore, countries at different levels of development may differ in their absorptive capacity of the capital. Thus, the ability of a country to harness capital for development depends upon its absorptive capacity, presence of domestic resources and the capabilities of national governments. This study therefore not only looks at the role played by various forms of capital flows on growth and development, but also takes into account the role of political performance of national governments that can play an important role in maximizing the efficiency of the investments. To investigate what kinds of flows are beneficial at different levels of development, this analysis further divides the dataset into three samples of developed countries, emerging markets and less developed countries. The results indicate that the impact of different capital flows varies across the three subsamples. By categorizing capital flows into categories of international capital flows, domestic capital, and remittances, this research also finds that the type of investment, as well as the source of investment (foreign vs. domestic), indeed does matter. The analysis suggests that the key to harnessing capital for development lies with capable governments and efficient use of domestic resources. In absence of capable governments, influx of foreign capital flows can manifest itself in ways that are harmful to the progress of developing societies.

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Woodhouse, Andrew James. "Social capital and the economic development of regional Australia /." St. Lucia, Qld, 2004. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe18020.pdf.

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Weaver, Andrew 1968. "Venture capital investment patterns : implications for regional economic development." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/70866.

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Adams, Glenn W. "Financing infrastructure a financial nightmare for smaller municipalities /." Instructions for remote access. Click here to access this electronic resource. Access available to Kutztown University faculty, staff, and students only, 1995. http://www.kutztown.edu/library/services/remote_access.asp.

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Thesis (M.P.A.)--Kutztown University of Pennsylvania, 1995.
Source: Masters Abstracts International, Volume: 45-06, page: 2928. Abstract precedes thesis as [2] preliminary leaves. Typescript. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 106-108).

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Perkins, Judy Annette. "Institutionalizing transportation infrastructure investments and economic development : the role of State Departments of Transportation in multi-state economic development activities." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/32808.

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Della, Giusta Marina. "Social capital and economic development : a theoretical enquiry and an application to microfinance." Thesis, University of Reading, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.269669.

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Neri, Frank. "Schooling quality and economic growth." Title page, contents and abstract only, 2001. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phn445.pdf.

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Bibliography: leaves 148-155. This thesis investigates whether cross-country variations in schooling quality (the productivity of the time spent studying) affect the empirical results in studies of economic growth based on an augmented method of Solow. It was found that schooling quality is positively and statistically significantly associated with mean economic growth rates in regressions which control for physical capital investment rates, population growth rates and secondary school enrolment rates. Education levels of parents, hours of homework and the non-teaching duties of teachers were also significant determinants.

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Books on the topic "Economic development. Capital"

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Appleton, Simon. Human capital and economic development. Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire: African Development Bank Group, 1998.

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Tamura, Robert. Human capital and economic development. [Atlanta, Ga.]: Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta, 2004.

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Tamura, Robert. Human capital and economic development. [Atlanta, Ga.]: Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta, 2002.

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Social capital and economic development. London: Routledge, 2002.

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Schultz, T. Paul. Human capital and economic development. New Haven, Conn: Economic Growth Center, Yale University, 1994.

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King, Robert G. Capital fundamentalism, economic development, and economic growth. Washington, D.C: World Bank, Policy Research Department, Finance and Private Sector Development Division, 1994.

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Lal, Deepak. International capital flows and economic development. London: University College, 1988.

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Gup, Benton E., ed. Capital Markets, Globalization, and Economic Development. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/b106244.

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Thanasis, Stengos, ed. Human capital and economic growth. Stanford, Calif: Stanford Economics and Finance, 2008.

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Corrado, Carol. Intangible capital and economic growth. Cambridge, Mass: National Bureau of Economic Research, 2006.

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Book chapters on the topic "Economic development. Capital"

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Aulin, Arvid. "Science and Human Capital." In Foundations of Economic Development, 3–10. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-77592-5_1.

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Aulin, Arvid. "Enemies of Human Capital." In Foundations of Economic Development, 11–20. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-77592-5_2.

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Lejot, Paul, Douglas Arner, and Frederick Pretorius. "Institutional Reform and Economic Development." In Asia’s Debt Capital Markets, 119–42. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/0-387-25090-5_5.

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Stewart, Frances. "Capital Goods in Developing Countries." In Strategies of Economic Development, 153–71. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-12625-5_7.

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Barbier, Edward B. "Natural Capital and Economic Development." In Nature and Wealth, 31–58. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137403391_3.

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Zhang, Wei-Bin. "Economic Development with Sexual Division of Labor." In Capital and Knowledge, 315–63. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-58254-7_8.

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Minami, Ryōshin. "Capital Formation and Its Sources." In The Economic Development of Japan, 161–217. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-18509-2_6.

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Minami, Ryōshin. "Compulsory Capital Accumulation and Inflation." In The Economic Development of China, 154–90. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-23172-0_8.

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Minami, Ryōshin. "Capital Formation and its Sources." In The Economic Development of Japan, 127–66. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-23221-5_6.

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Cypher, James M. "Population, education, and human capital." In The Process of Economic Development, 497–530. Fifth edition. | New York, NY: Routledge, 2021.: Routledge, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429289248-16.

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Conference papers on the topic "Economic development. Capital"

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Isola, W. A., and R. A. Alani. "Correlation between expenditures on education and health services and economic growth in Nigeria: an empirical investigation." In International Conference on Human Capital Development 2009. Universiti Malaysia Pahang Publisher, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.15282/hpd.ss.1.2010.01.001.

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BOMBIAK, Edyta, and Adam MARCYSIAK. "RURAL HUMAN CAPITAL AS A DETERMINANT OF ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT." In RURAL DEVELOPMENT. Aleksandras Stulginskis University, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.15544/rd.2017.133.

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Human capital is an economic category which is increasingly applied in the models of economic growth and development. Many studies have demonstrated its positive effect on economic development at the national and regional levels. The level of development of rural areas is also strongly correlated with the human factor. The objective of the study was to carry out a quantitative and qualitative diagnosis of the situation of human capital across rural areas in Poland and to indicate the main challenges associated with the shaping of this capital in the context of economic growth simulation. The method used to meet the objective was a review of source literature and an analysis of statistical data from the Central Statistical Office (GUS) with the application of dynamics and structure indices. In the course of research, it was established that the main trends affecting the situation of human resource capital across rural areas in Poland are: the ageing of the rural population, as a dominant negative trend, and a systematic, though slow, increase in the level of education, as a dominant positive trend. It was determined that unfavorable demographic transformations of rural communities involve the risk of limiting economic activities of the elderly, and at the same time, also a decrease in their economic independence and an increase in the social burden resulting therefrom. On the other hand, the observed rise in the level of education and economic activity may accelerate the beneficial transformations of the area structure of agricultural farms, for it contributes to the acceleration of migration of the rural population to other, non-agricultural professions. In this context, taking actions, both nationally and regionally, aiming at increasing qualifications of rural (including agricultural) populations constitutes a vital opportunity, which increases intellectual potential and competitiveness across the country and its individual regions.

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Pisarenko, K. V. "Social capital as a factor in the economic growth of regional economies." In Global science. Development and novelty. LJournal, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.18411/gdsn-25-02-2020-09.

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RAUPELIENĖ, Asta, and Renata LUKĖ. "FACTORS AFFECTING HUMAN CAPITAL FORMATION IN LOGISTICS ENTERPRISES." In RURAL DEVELOPMENT. Aleksandras Stulginskis University, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.15544/rd.2017.117.

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Due to ongoing structural changes and socio-economic transition from the production economy to the knowledge economy, human capital plays a vital role in developing and creating new ideas and knowledge. Logistics industry is the fastest growing economic activity in Lithuania. The development of human capital becomes important in securing competitive advantage and improving performance for Lithuanian logistics enterprises. Logistics enterprises themselves try to find solutions how to create, develop and share the knowledge amongst its employees and how strategically develop and manage own human capital. The aim of the research is to examine the contemporary academic perspectives on measuring human capital and the factors affecting its value. In order to provide theoretical and practical basis of the factors affecting human capital formation in logistics enterprises, a study of the correlation between internal and external factors was conducted. Based on the investigation of 30 respondents from Lithuanian logistics enterprises, the correlation between 20 factors affecting human capital value was analysed via a path and correlation analysis. The results of correlation analysis showed that there was a significant negative correlation between the factors of the external environment “Demographic” (such as migration, structure of population and others) and the factor from the environment of the individual “Family” content; the correlation coefficient was -0.671. And it was positively correlated with the factor from the environment of the organisation “Culture” and “Value of organisation” (+0,695). Taking these results into consideration, the focus should be drawn on transforming the function of human resources management as well as providing a facilitative environment for developing the necessary skills in the professional and technical field.

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Yin, Yuming, and Keqin Ni. "International Capital Flow Contractions, Economic Development Situation and Foreign Economic Policy." In 2009 International Conference on Computational Intelligence and Software Engineering. IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cise.2009.5363531.

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Nuri ARAS, Osman. "SUSTAINABLE ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT, HUMAN CAPITAL AND MBA EDUCATION." In 5th International Conference on New Ideas in Management, Economics and Accounting. Acavent, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.33422/5imea.2018.02.51.

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Perepelkina, E. V. "Human Capital And Raf Material Dependence Elimination." In Global Challenges and Prospects of The Modern Economic Development. European Publisher, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.15405/epsbs.2021.04.02.56.

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Firlej, Krzysztof Adam. "Development of the Venture Capital Market against the Selected World Competitors." In Hradec Economic Days 2019, edited by Petra Maresova, Pavel Jedlicka, and Ivan Soukal. University of Hradec Kralove, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.36689/uhk/hed/2019-01-021.

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Jiansheng Zhou, Xing Cai, and Rongzhe Huang. "The relations between Guangxi capital markets and economic development." In 2011 International Conference on Computer Science and Service System (CSSS). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/csss.2011.5975047.

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Arkhipova, N. A. "Capital Investment Accounting Is The Basis Of Financial." In Global Challenges and Prospects of The Modern Economic Development. European Publisher, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.15405/epsbs.2021.04.02.88.

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Reports on the topic "Economic development. Capital"

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Mutreja, Piyusha, B. Ravikumar, and Michael J. Sposi. Capital Goods Trade and Economic Development. Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.20955/wp.2014.012.

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Ravikumar, B., Michael J. Sposi, and Piyusha Mutreja. Capital Goods Trade, Relative Prices, and Economic Development. Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.20955/wp.2017.006.

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Khan, B. Zorina. Knowledge, Human Capital and Economic Development: Evidence from the British Industrial Revolution, 1750-1930. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, January 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w20853.

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Ehrlich, Isaac, and Jinyoung Kim. The Evolution of Income and Fertility Inequalities over the Course of Economic Development: A Human Capital Perspective. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, November 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w10890.

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Williams, Teshanee, Jamie McCall, Maureen Berner, and Anita Brown-Graham. Strategic Capacity Building in Community Development Organizations Post COVID-19: A Multi-Dimensional Approach to Describing Social Capital. Carolina Small Business Development Fund, November 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.46712/social-capital-covid19-recovery/.

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Much like the 2008 financial crisis, the aftermath of the COVID-19 pandemic will likely shape historically underserved communities for decades to come. Now, more than perhaps ever before, community development organizations (CDOs) will be central actors and foundational institutions for sustainable economic growth. Our data suggest social capital is important for CDO capacity across multiple dimensions. Given the central role CDOs will likely play in rebuilding local economies in the wake of the pandemic, we highlight how these organizations can use social capital to maintain and build political, resource, network, and organizational capacity.

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McCall, Jamie, and Jason Sabatelle. Alternative Non-Economic Measures of CDFI Lending Impact: An Exploratory Analysis. Carolina Small Business Development Fund, July 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.46712/alternative.impact.

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CDFI impacts are overwhelmingly viewed through an economic lens. Little consideration is given to other types of metrics. Yet we believe a positive economic impact is a necessary but not sufficient condition to being an effective development institution. We assess the relationship between a CDFI's lending activities and aggregate social capital levels. Social capital – the entrepreneurial networks which occur when small businesses flourish – are a key non-economic outcome of CDIF financing and technical assistance interventions.

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Shpinev, Iurii Sergeevich. Questions of capital in the work of D. Ricardo «The Beginnings of Political Economy and taxation». DOI CODE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18411/1311-1972-2020-00025.

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D. Ricardo is one of the founders of classical economy. The most significant discoveries of the outstanding scientist in the field of capital can be called the definition of capital and free capital, the creation of a theory of comparative advantages of trade, the division of capital into fixed and circulating capital depending on strength, as well as the description of the reasons that stimulate and hinder foreign investment. Given that capital is primarily an economic category, it seems quite reasonable to consider the emergence and development of these concepts in the retrospect of economic theories, in order to understand the essence of the phenomenon and finally solve the issue of its legal regulation.

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Benages, Eva, and Matilde Mas. Knowledge-Based Capital in a Set of Latin American Countries: The LA KLEMS-IADB Project. Inter-American Development Bank, April 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0003202.

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This paper presents the framework and methodology for the economic valuation of the knowledge-based economy in five Latin American (LA) countries, namely Costa Rica, El Salvador, Mexico, Peru and the Dominican Republic, for which a new database (IDB-Ivie, 2020) has recently been released. It uses an alternative approach to measuring the knowledge intensity of economies as to those based on the aggregation of industries according to selected indicators such as research and development (R&D) expenditure or labor force skills. Instead, we follow an economic approach rooted in the growth accounting methodology, determining the contribution of each individual factor of production (capital and labor) according to the prices of the services it provides. This methodology will be applied to the above-mentioned LA countries, and to the United States and Spain, which are used as benchmarks. Data are available for the period 1995-2016.

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Шпинев, Ю. С. Давид Рикардо об инвестициях. DOI CODE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.18411/1311-1972-2020-00024.

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The article examines the views of one of the founders of classical economics, David Ricardo, on the issues of investment, capital and profit. The need for this study is caused by the lack of a single definition of investment in the regulatory acts of investment legislation, as well as in the scientific community. Thus, there is a problem of regulatory regulation of one of the most important concepts of the economy. Given that the concepts of investment, capital, and capital investment are primarily economic categories, it seems quite reasonable to consider the emergence and development of these concepts in the retrospect of economic theories, in order to understand the essence of the phenomenon and finally solve the issue of its legal regulation. The scientific novelty of the study is that despite a large number of works on the work of David Ricardo «The Beginnings of Political Economy and Taxation», no special work was carried out on the contribution of the great economist to the theory of investment. Conclusions. The main achievements of Ricardo in the field of capital and investment include the author's definitions of capital, free capital, the creation of a theory of comparative advantages of trade, the division of capital into fixed and circulating capital depending on strength, as well as the description of the reasons that stimulate and hinder foreign investment.

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Sabatelle, Jason, Adonis Caramintzos, and Jamie McCall. Small Business COVID-19 Lending Programs: Fostering Social Capital and Financial Stability. Carolina Small Business Development Fund, January 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.46712/covid.lending.

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In times of crisis, investment in entrepreneurial ventures tends to decline. Early data suggest the decline in small business investments due to the pandemic will be historic in scope and depth. Community development lending practices aim to sustain small firms until they can resume their normal course of business. Affordable financing provides capital injections into small businesses which can help to cushion against COVID-19 induced economic shocks. Using Carolina Small Business Development Fund’s lending data as a case study, this analysis considers the effect of COVID-19 response programs. These activities are oriented towards creating a “social safety net” of Main Street businesses that boost social capital development, community trust, and financial stability. We believe the findings are likely generalizable to lending activities by other community development financial institutions.

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