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Dao, Thuy. "A purely theoretical study on economic growth in small open economies /." Title page, abstract and table of contents only, 2000. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phd211.pdf.
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Ahsan, Humna. "Essays on human capital and economic development." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2015. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/essays-on-human-capital-and-economic-development(c0f0748a-0b81-4c03-8a8a-49c925126938).html.
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This thesis explores three important factors that have been central to the pursuit of economic development especially in case of developing countries. These are human capital, corruption and institutions. The first chapter presents an analysis of the role of corruption in determining the distribution of income and, with this, the degree of poverty and inequality. The analysis is based on an overlapping generations model in which individuals may seek to improve their productive efficiency (and hence earnings) by supplementing or substituting publicly provided services (such as education and health) with personal expenditures on human capital investment. Because of capital market imperfections, their ability to do this depends on their inherited wealth which serves as collateral for loans. Corruption is reflected in the pilfering of public funds and a reduction in public service provision, the effect of which is to reduce the earnings of those who rely on such services and to exacerbate the extent of credit rationing for these agents. The dynamic general equilibrium of the model is characterised by multiple steady states to which different income classes converge. Higher levels of corruption lead to higher levels of poverty and may result in complete polarisation between the rich and poor by eliminating the middle class. The second chapter presents an analysis of the threshold effects of human capital on economic growth. Using a sample of 126 countries (1970-2012), we estimate a dynamic threshold panel model following Hansen (1999) and Caner & Hansen (2004). Our results are twofold: first, there exists a significant threshold level of development (proxied by capital stock per capita) below which the effect of human capital on economic growth is insignificant, whereas it is positive significant above it; second, while looking into the impact of institutional quality, we find significant thresholds of interaction between institutional quality and development.
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Wang, Shun. "Social capital, institutions, and economic development in China." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/43300.
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This thesis investigates the impact of social capital and institutions on economic development in China. Specifically, Chapters Two and Three address issues regarding social capital and cooperation, and Chapter Four studies the effect of a specific institution on economic status. In Chapter Two, I study whether social capital has an effect on household decisions to participate in Rotating Labor Associations (ROLAs) in rural China. I find that households in communities with higher levels of social capital are more likely to participate in ROLAs using household data collected from the Gansu province in China. The presence of village temple prior to 1949 is employed as an instrument for social capital. Numerous falsification exercises are performed to evaluate the efficacy of the instrumental variables approach. In Chapter Three (joint with Kathy Baylis and Yazhen Gong), we compare the effect of bridging versus bonding social capital on the management of a common pool resource. We develop a theoretical model and show that bonding social capital increases vulnerability to social sanction, while by giving communities an outside option, bridging social capital can reduce people’s vulnerability to social sanction, and reducing the enforcement capability of the community. However, bridging social might decrease people’s consumption by providing financial support to those who have few options to self-insure against risk. We then show that the empirical analysis using household level data on firewood collection from the Yunnan province in China supports the theoretical findings. In Chapter Four, I study the long-term impact of class identity (chengfen) on individuals’ income and households’ wealth in urban China. The Chinese government launched movements to make income and consumption in cities substantially homogeneous and assigned an inheritable class identity to each family in the 1950s. The government then implemented class-based discriminatory policies against the rich and middle class until 1978. This chapter shows that individuals with poor class origins have significantly lower income and family assets per capita than those from the rich class in 2002, however individuals with revolutionary background and Chinese Community Party (CCP) members from the poor class do not have lower income than those from the rich.
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Umar, Wahedi Ayesha. "Capital Flows, Political Performance, and Development." PDXScholar, 2011. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/217.
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This research explores the impact of various forms of capital flows on economic growth and development for a group of 120 countries from 1980-2007. Traditional growth literature as well as the textbook theory of economic growth looks at capital flows as playing a vital role in fostering economic growth and development. The textbook theories, as well as the existing approaches to study the capital flows and economic development connection, use growth and development interchangeably. This analysis, examines the consequences of different capital flows on growth and development separately because the determinants of growth may not be the same as the determinants of development. This distinction becomes even more applicable when observing the cases of countries that have experienced economic growth during certain periods but were unable to translate the increase in economic growth to development. To investigate the impact of various forms of capital flows, this dissertation utilizes life expectancy in addition to economic growth, as a measure of development. The results from using the two measures show that capital flows have dissimilar impact on life expectancy as well as economic growth. The central proposition of this dissertation is that not all forms of capital flows are created equal. Furthermore, countries at different levels of development may differ in their absorptive capacity of the capital. Thus, the ability of a country to harness capital for development depends upon its absorptive capacity, presence of domestic resources and the capabilities of national governments. This study therefore not only looks at the role played by various forms of capital flows on growth and development, but also takes into account the role of political performance of national governments that can play an important role in maximizing the efficiency of the investments. To investigate what kinds of flows are beneficial at different levels of development, this analysis further divides the dataset into three samples of developed countries, emerging markets and less developed countries. The results indicate that the impact of different capital flows varies across the three subsamples. By categorizing capital flows into categories of international capital flows, domestic capital, and remittances, this research also finds that the type of investment, as well as the source of investment (foreign vs. domestic), indeed does matter. The analysis suggests that the key to harnessing capital for development lies with capable governments and efficient use of domestic resources. In absence of capable governments, influx of foreign capital flows can manifest itself in ways that are harmful to the progress of developing societies.
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Woodhouse, Andrew James. "Social capital and the economic development of regional Australia /." St. Lucia, Qld, 2004. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe18020.pdf.
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Weaver, Andrew 1968. "Venture capital investment patterns : implications for regional economic development." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/70866.
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Adams, Glenn W. "Financing infrastructure a financial nightmare for smaller municipalities /." Instructions for remote access. Click here to access this electronic resource. Access available to Kutztown University faculty, staff, and students only, 1995. http://www.kutztown.edu/library/services/remote_access.asp.
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Thesis (M.P.A.)--Kutztown University of Pennsylvania, 1995.Source: Masters Abstracts International, Volume: 45-06, page: 2928. Abstract precedes thesis as [2] preliminary leaves. Typescript. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 106-108).
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Perkins, Judy Annette. "Institutionalizing transportation infrastructure investments and economic development : the role of State Departments of Transportation in multi-state economic development activities." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/32808.
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Della, Giusta Marina. "Social capital and economic development : a theoretical enquiry and an application to microfinance." Thesis, University of Reading, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.269669.
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Neri, Frank. "Schooling quality and economic growth." Title page, contents and abstract only, 2001. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phn445.pdf.
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Bibliography: leaves 148-155. This thesis investigates whether cross-country variations in schooling quality (the productivity of the time spent studying) affect the empirical results in studies of economic growth based on an augmented method of Solow. It was found that schooling quality is positively and statistically significantly associated with mean economic growth rates in regressions which control for physical capital investment rates, population growth rates and secondary school enrolment rates. Education levels of parents, hours of homework and the non-teaching duties of teachers were also significant determinants.
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Waylen, Georgina Nicola Alexandra. "British capital, local capital and the role of the state in the political economy of Jamaica 1920-1940." Thesis, University of Huddersfield, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.233575.
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This thesis examines the development of the Jamaican economy from 1920 to 1940. It looks at the attempts of local capital to set up independent ventures in both the agricultural and the indust ri al spheres, and considers the responses of both the imperial a nd local state, and British and foreign capital. The study attempts to exami ne , within the appropriate theoretical framework , t he proc ess of devel opme nt wi thi n a colony at a time of world depression , and t he role of the state, particularly the colonial state, in helping or hinderiug attempts to promote some form of industrialisation . This i s done t hrough a number of case studies in the agricultural and indus trial sectors. Once the British and Jamaican context has been outlined, the a na lysi s o i the agricultural sphere considers the crisis in the sugar indust ry a nd the attempts to find alternatives to it. This focuses on the establishment of Producers Associations, anal ysing t hose groups i nvol ved in them, their relationship with the Jamai can and imperia l gover nment s, and the reasons for their lack of succ ess in sol vi ng Jama i ca ' s agricul tural problems. The industrial section f ocu sse~:; on four case studies: the first considers the establ ishment of a gri c ultural processing, primarily in the form of edible oil s and s oap. The second examines the role of the state in promoting industr ia l enterpri ses through looking at two Acts passed to protect cer tain ventures particularly the match industry. The third case study a na l yses t hEattempts of a multinational to establi s h a branch plant a nd it demonstrates the changes in colonial policy which had occurred by the end of the 1930s. The fourth case study also hi g hlights these c hanges , and because it is an example of a venture whi ch did not receive offic ial sanction brings out the difficulties facing those attempting to transform themselves into an industriall y product ive bourgeoi Si e at this time.
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Hidalgo, Cabrillana Ana. "Essays on capital market imperfections, intergenerational mobility and economic development." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/4038.
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Esta tesis analiza temas de distribución de la renta y desarrollo económico en economías caracterizadas por imperfecciones en el mercado de capitales.El primer capitulo estudia temas de distribución de la renta. La mayoría de la literatura en ese campo a sido desarrollada bajo el supuesto que IMC (esto es imperfecciones en el mercado de capitales) son exógenas. La teoría convencional es que es muy poco probable que los individuos mas pobres puedan invertir porque tomar dinero a préstamo es muy caro en presencia de asimetrías informativas. Consecuentemente, los individuos más pobres no invertirán y sus futuras generaciones permanecerán pobres. Basado en esta línea de pensamiento esta literatura concluye que IMC exógenas producen mayor desigualdad y menor movilidad intergeneracional. Contrariamente as estos análisis este artículo argumenta que cuando las IMC se endogenizan la movilidad intergeneracional aumentará entre los pobres e inteligentes individuos.
En mi modelo existe un problema de selección adversa entre el prestamista y el prestatario, pues los bancos no saben la habilidad del prestatario. En este contexto los bancos ofrecen un menú de contratos que satisface la condición de auto-selección. En equilibrio bancos diferencian entre agentes forzando a los más inteligentes a invertir en educación más de lo óptimo. De esta forma el agente menos inteligente no se hace pasar por el agente más inteligente. Estos últimos obtienen más educación de la que ellos desean, aumentando movilidad intergeneracional y la acumulación de capital humano, que son mayores que en el mundo con información perfecta.
Los resultados más importantes de este paper son los siguientes: cuando se endogenizan las imperfecciones del mercado de capitales obtenemos que IMC aumentan movilidad intergeneracional y aumenta el número de gente educados en el estado estacionario. Al estudiar desigualdad en renta, yo encuentro que los resultados son ambiguos. Por un lado el número de gente con rentas muy bajas ha disminuido. Por otro lado la clase media de prestatarios inteligentes tienen una renta menor.
Una de las cuestiones más importantes que se hacen los economistas es porqué países pobres usan sus recursos de forma ineficiente. En el segundo capítulo nosotros (Andrés Erosa y yo) proponemos una teoría donde IMC son el origen de las diferencias en TFP entre países. En nuestra teoría los empresarios tienen información privada sobre la productividad de su tecnología. Nosotros estudiamos cómo el contrato, descrito como la habilidad de hacer respetar el contrato, afecta la provisión de incentivos, y por tanto, y de repartir los recursos entre los empresarios.
Nosotros estudiamos un modelo de crecimiento donde los empresarios están dotados de una tecnología para producir un bien intermedio que es el input de la producción final de bienes. Los empresarios necesitan financiación externa para producir. Esta financiación externa está limitada por dos problemas: Primero, la productividad no es observable para los prestamistas. Segundo, los empresarios pueden pagar, como máximo, una fracción de la producción. Asumimos que los países difieren en su capacidad de hacer respetar los contratos. Demostramos que, en la presencia de asimetrías de información, países con baja capacidad de hacer respetar los contratos utilizan tecnologías ineficientes en equilibrio y es caracterizada por diferencias en productividad entre países. Nuestra teoría sugiere que los empresarios tienen intereses en mantener en status quo con baja capacidad de hacer cumplir los contratos y esto hace posible que los empresarios extraigan rentas de los servicios que contratan. Nuestra teoría tiene implicaciones sobre la distribución de los recursos entre sectores. En fin nuestra teoría implica que la tasa de impuestos sobre la renta puede ser mala para la actividad económica sobre todo cuando los mercados de capitales son imperfectos.
This dissertation analyzes income distribution and economic development issues in macroeconomies with financial frictions.
Chapter 1 focuses on income distribution issues. Most of the existing literature in this area has been developed under the assumption that CMI are exogenous. Their conventional view is that since becoming borrower is expensive under high imperfections in the capital markets, poor agents are less likely to make investment decisions. As a consequence their future generations will remain poor. Based on this thought these branch of the literature conclude that exogenous CMI lead to higher inequality and lower mobility. In contrast to these analyses this paper argues that when we endogenize CMI, intergenerational mobility may be promoted among poor and talented agents.
In my model there is an adverse selection problem between borrowers and banks, since banks cannot identify borrowers' ability. In this context banks offer a menu of contracts that satisfy the self-selection mechanism. In equilibrium banks differentiate between agents by forcing talented borrowers to make an investment in human capital larger than they would in the first best world. In this way low ability individuals do not pose as high ability ones. Talented children from poor families get educated even more than they wish, so that both income mobility and human capital accumulation are larger than in the first best world.
The major results of this paper might be summarized as follows: when we endogenize imperfections in the capital market we obtain that CMI promotes intergenerational mobility and increases the number of educated people in the steady state. When we study inequality of wealth, we find that there are opposite effects making inequality unambiguos. On the one hand there is a small number of people in the lower bound of the wealth distribution. On the other hand the middle class of clever borrowers have a lower wealth.
One of the most important research questions faced by economist is why poor countries use productive resources inefficiently. In the second chapter of the thesis we propose a theory where capital market imperfections are at the origin of cross-country TFP differences. In our theory entrepreneurs have private information about the multifactor productivity of their technology. We study how the contracting environment, as described by the ability to enforce contracts, affects the provision of incentives and, thus, resource allocation to and across entrepreneurs.
We develop a growth model where entrepreneurs are endowed with a technology to produce an intermediate good that is an input in the production of final goods. Entrepreneurs need external funds in order to operate their technology. External financing is complicated by two problems: First, the productivity of the entrepreneurial technology can not be observed by lenders. Second, entrepreneurs can commit to pay, at most, a fraction of the output.
We assume that countries differ in the ability to enforce loans contracts. We show that, in the presence of asymmetric information, countries with low enforcement use inefficient technologies in equilibrium and are characterized by differences in productivity across industries. Our theory also suggests that entrepreneurs have a vested interest in maintaining a status quo with low enforcement since it allows them to extract rents from the factor services they hire. Our theory has implications for the allocation of resources across industries that differ in their needs of external funds and provide some insights into why poor countries face large differences in productivity across sectors. Our theory also implies that income taxation can be more detrimental for economic activity when capital markets are imperfect.
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Nguyen, Ngoc Minh. "Essays on Social Capital and Economic Development : a Multidimensional Approach." Thesis, Nantes, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020NANT3023.
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Ma thèse analyse le capital social, ses sources et son rôle dans le développement économique en utilisant une approche multidimensionnelle. Premièrement, considérant les groupes sociaux comme une source essentielle de capital social dans les sociétés modernes, nous analysons les interconnexions des groupes sociaux pour comprendre comment le capital social est réparti entre les personnes dans la société. L'existence de deux types d'agents décisifs, la grande étoile et la mini étoile, permet dans des conditions spécifiques à tous les groupes sociaux d'une communauté d'être efficacement connectés à l’équilibre. Deuxièmement, nous mettons théoriquement le capital social à côté du capital physique et du capital humain dans un modèle de croissance d'entreprise et découvrons que le capital social est une métaphore plutôt qu'une forme réelle de capital. Les entreprises peuvent utiliser le capital social pour faciliter leurs activités, mais son efficacité dépend du niveau d'investissement initial et de l'ampleur des revenus de l'entreprise. Les résultats empiriques utilisant les données des PME au Vietnam soutiennent concrètement notre modèle théorique, le capital social ne facilite la performance des entreprises qu’entre les quantiles de 14% à 98%. Enfin, la thèse résume le rôle du capital social dans le contexte vietnamien. En plus de l'influence sur la performance de l'entreprise, le capital social révèle également certains effets avec différents indicateurs de la qualité de vie, notamment le revenu, la satisfaction à l'égard de la vie et l'état de santé. Cependant, les dimensions du capital social affectent la vie des agents de différentes manières et les effets ne sont pas toujours positifsMy thesis analyses social capital, its sources and its role in economic development using a multidimensional approach. First, considering social groups as an essential source of social capital in modern societies, we analyze the inter-linkages of social groups to understand how social capital is allocated among people in society. The existence of two decisive types of agents, the grand star and the mini stars, allow all social groups in a community to be efficiently connected in equilibrium under specific conditions. Second, we theoretically put social capital side by side with physical capital and human capital into a model of firm growth and find out that social capital is a metaphor rather than a real form of capital. Firms can use social capital to facilitate their activities but its efficiency depends on both the level of initial investment and the magnitude of firm revenue. The empirical results using the data of SMEs in Vietnam concretely support our theoretical model, social capital only facilitates the performance of firms between the quantile range from 14% to 98%. Finally, the thesis summarizes the role of social capital in the Vietnamese context. Besides the influence on firm performance, social capital also reveals certain effects with different indicators of quality of life including income, life satisfaction and health outcome. Dimensions of social capital, however, affects people’s life in different ways and the effects are not always positive
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Mbabane, Loyiso Mzisi. "Broad-based Black Economic Empowerment : a human capital development approach." Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/11612.
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Includes bibliographical references (leaves 177-187).This study develops a theoretical framework for Broad-Based Black Economic Empowerment, using a Human Capital Development approach. This framework is then employed to evaluate the Codes of Good Practice on Broad Based Black Economic Empowerment (BBBEE) (Department of Trade and Industry, 2005; 2007). A 'mixed methods research approach' is utilized, in some kind of triangulation. Three research methods are used starting with focus groups; then content analysis and finally descriptive analysis. Phase one utilizes focus groups to construct the key elements of the Draft BBBEE Scorecard for Employment Equity; Skills Development and Organisational Transformation (2005). In phase two, content analysis (documentation analysis) is applied to compare and contrast the draft BBBEE Scorecard of 2005 with the final BBBEE Scorecard of 2007, using the human capital development framework for the propositions. The third phase is designed to test proposition three, which enquires into the actual implementation of BBBEE by employers. This phase utilizes secondary data from various official reports of the Commission for Employment Equity (2000-2007) to measure the nature and extent of progress on Employment Equity; Skills Development and Management Control by employers, in relation to the BBBEE policy and its targets. The BBBEE Scorecards for Employment Equity and Skills Development are found to be generally in line with human capital development principles. The Organisational Transformation Index that was in the 2005 Draft BBBEE Scorecard is found to be a useful mechanism for moving away from a transaction-based approach to BBBEE toward a transformation-based approach. To this effect, the absence of the Organisational Transformation Index in the final Codes and Scorecards of 2007 is lamented. A recommendation is made for more emphasis to be placed on the transformation of companies/ organisations. The leadership role of Chief Executive Officers and their top management in the BBBEE process is propagated. At the leadership level, the Transformational Leadership approach is posited as the one that holds a better chance of driving BBBEE successfully. Quo Vadis; the study recommends two different theoretical frameworks; a Human Capital Development framework for BBBEE at the macro-level (national policy and strategy) and the Transformational Leadership-Organisational Transformation one at the micro-level. BBBEE, it is held; ought to be integrated into the country's new National Industrial Policy Framework. Conversely, the BBBEE targets and goals should also be aligned to the country's long-term socio-economic growth strategies.
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Richardson, Falco. "Natural capital and sustainable development: The story so far." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för geovetenskaper, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-295998.
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Natural capital is a way of conceptualizing the linkages between economics and the environment. The concepts foundations can be traced back to the environmental movement of the 1970s and the works of influential economists at that time. Natural capital has come to have an elevated position in environmental conservation approaches in the United Kingdom. The UK government's advisory body, the Natural Capital Committee, is the first of its kind in the world to be established. The concept of natural capital points to those aspects of the environment that directly or indirectly are of value to people. Such aspects include the functions and services of ecosystems, species, and habitats, as well as atmospheric protection and clean air and rivers. Natural capital is also a central concept in the capital approach to sustainable development and the ecological economics field. However, natural capital has not been accepted into environmental conservation approaches in the UK without criticism. Considering natural capital's history then, and its current popularity in environmental conservation, this thesis is interested in addressing the key question: what is natural capital? To be able to account for natural capital's origins, definitions, development, and issues and debates about it, the method used for this thesis is wholly comprised of a literature-review. Throughout the review, reference is made to key scholarly works where natural capital is defined, developed, and used as a central concept. With regard to literature about natural capital, much of it is comes from scholars strongly associated with ecological economics. In addition, natural capital is analysed from three different perspectives. The first perspective is conceptual-historical, the second is a sustainable-development perspective, and the third a political-ecology perspective. From a conceptual-historical perspective, natural capital can be understood as a concept which has developed out of a body of thought of environmentally-aware economists who argue that economics must better take account of ecological systems and their complexity. From a sustainable development perspective, natural capital is a central concept underpinning a capital-based approach to sustainable development. Natural capital also features centrally in debates about how to give an operational meaning to 'sustainability' based around the traditional economic concept of capital. The key debate in this regard concerns weak versus strong sustainability. From a political-ecology perspective, the natural capital approach to environmental conservation is, in ideological terms, of a neo-liberal nature. Natural capital and economic valuation in environmental conservation arguably facilitate the 'monetization' and 'economization' of the environment. Natural capital is opposed for ideological and ethical reasons. Another view would present natural capital as a key part of the economists pragmatic attempts to improve the way economies are managed through better linking economics and the environment. By conveying the economic value of the environment we may be able to put it in a better standing in the priority policy-lists and economic-development agendas of governments and international development agencies. In the United Kingdom there continues to be an ongoing debate about natural capital's place in environmental conservation. This thesis is intended to be a contribution to that debate.
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Chakrabarti, Debjani. "Economic freedom and social capital determinants on economic growth of developed and developing nations." Diss., Mississippi State : Mississippi State University, 2007. http://library.msstate.edu/etd/show.asp?etd=etd-04232007-164855.
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Hansen, Vera. "The effects of new entries on economic growth : a story on advanced and laggard sectors : a thesis submitted to the Victoria University of Wellington in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Commerce and Administration in Economics /." ResearchArchive@Victoria e-Thesis, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10063/1158.
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Xiao, Yao. "The role of human capital in economic growth: a case study /." Burnaby B.C. : Simon Fraser University, 2005. http://ir.lib.sfu.ca/handle/1892/2433.
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Adelman, Jeremy. "Frontier development : land, labour and capital on the wheatlands of Argentina and Canada, 1890-1914." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.305810.
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Al, Sakka F. A. M. "Human capital development in special economic zones : the case of Dubai." Thesis, University of Salford, 2014. http://usir.salford.ac.uk/31867/.
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The notion of human capital as an economic asset was first emerged in 1961 when Theodore Schultz coined the phrase. In the current most serious economic crisis since the 1930s, strategists and analysts in governments and commercial institutions are turning to people as being the most important asset in regaining economic stability and growth. This study aims to establish a framework to measure the impact of special economic zones on human capital accumulation within the context of Dubai. This framework will help decision makers to set up effective policies for future economic zones and to focus resources on key factors to accelerate the development of local human capital which is vital for the city’s economic growth. The specific research questions were: To what level does human capital accumulation occur within Dubai SEZs? What characterises human capital development in SEZs? What are the drivers of human capital development in Dubai SEZs? The research was carried out in three phases. The first phase was an exploratory study used to localise the variables, introduce adjustment, validate, verify, discuss variables obtained from the literature review, and to present the conceptual framework. The second phase measured the impact as well as the relationship of each variable on human capital development, to explain how human capital is developed within special economic zone firms, to gather more data and information about the localised variables influencing human capital development, and to collect data to build up a Human Capital Index. The third phase compares the impact of special economic zones on human capital in a cross comparison of firms’ development. An in-depth literature review was conducted on human capital and special economic zones. By focusing on the macro and micro levels, the study shed light on the factors that drive human capital development. The study established a framework to measure the impact of special economic zones on human capital accumulation within the context of Dubai. The proposed framework is characterised by education level, years of experience, the level of continuous knowledge accumulation, employees’ ability to build competence, and the application of the learnt education, knowledge and practice. The framwork proposed that human capital development is driven by the firm’s type, size, financial performance, free zone level of clustering, culture of avoidance and collectivness, and finally, the level of technical know-how spillover. The research concludes that human capital development does take place in Dubai special economic zones but at a moderate level. Human capital development is affected by the firm’s type, its financial performance, the level of clustering in the free zone, and what level of technical know-how spillover has influenced human capital development within Dubai free zones. In contrast, the culture of collectiveness is realised to have a minor effect on human capital development within free zone firms, while an avoidance culture is recognised to have no impact whatsoever.
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Mutreja, Piyusha. "International trade and cross-country capital composition." Diss., University of Iowa, 2010. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/716.
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Most of the world's equipment is produced in a small number of rich countries. In 1996, countries in the top decile of cross-country income distribution produced 61% of world equipment and countries in the bottom decile produced only 0.2%. Rich and poor countries also differ in their dependence on imports for equipment. In 1996, poor countries imported more than half of their equipment. Structures, on the other hand, are largely domestically produced. World pattern of production and trade in equipment and structures is potentially an important determinant of composition of capital across countries.
The composition of capital differs significantly across rich and poor countries. In 1996, equipment constituted over 21% of the capital in 5 richest countries and only 8% in 5 poorest countries. While equipment capital-output ratio was a factor of more than 6 between rich and poor countries, structures capital-output ratio was less than a factor of 2. In this dissertation, I determine the quantitative relationship between international trade and cross-country capital composition. I, then, utilize the results on this relationship to examine the implications for economic development.
The starting point of my analysis is a multi-country model of trade in capital goods. There are three tradable sectors: equipment, structures and intermediate goods. Countries differ in their average level of productivity in each of the tradable sectors. International trade is subject to bilateral iceberg costs, which comprise of tariff and non-tariff barriers to trade. The theoretical model implies that the composition of capital is a function of country-specific productivity parameters and bilateral trade costs. I structurally estimate these parameters to match the pattern of bilateral trade in a sample of 76 countries.
Equipped with country specific productivity parameters and trade costs, I determine the quantitative relationship between international trade and cross-country capital composition. The calibrated model generates capital composition differences consistent with the data. Variation in log equipment to output ratio is 1.09 in data and 1.26 in the model. The model also generates cross-country differences in investment rate, income per worker and prices consistent with the data.
Through counterfactual exercises, I study the gains associated with reductions in trade costs. If all trade costs are eliminated, poor countries' welfare would increase by 39% and rich countries' welfare would increase by only 8%. If barriers only to equipment trade are eliminated, poor countries' welfare gain would be 9% and rich countries' welfare gain would be 1.4%. Reductions in barriers to flow of capital goods facilitate a more efficient allocation of the world stock of capital goods across countries and hence, are quantitatively important for economic development.
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Karakoulaki, Haritini. "Social capital and family capital : Greek regional economic development and small scale textile and clothing manufacturing." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.391194.
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Alshamsi, Abdul Kareem Mohammad. "The global developmental state : the triple non-alliance of state bureaucrats, domestic capital and foreign capital in Korean economic development." Thesis, Northumbria University, 2011. http://nrl.northumbria.ac.uk/2212/.
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Himes, Jeffrey J. "Generational factors and resource availability a study of the key components of social capital formation /." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2001. http://etd.wvu.edu/templates/showETD.cfm?recnum=2193.
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Thesis (M.A.)--West Virginia University, 2001.Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains v, 108 p. Vita. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 68-69).
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Berger, Brett D. "A comparative analysis of vintage and non-vintage capital growth models /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/7392.
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Cal, Angel Eduardo. "Rural society and economic development: British mercantile capital in nineteenth-century Belize." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/185710.
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Nineteenth-century European industrialization increased the demand for raw resources available in sub-tropical regions. The eastern coast of Central America and the Bay of Campeche had an ample supply of dyewoods used in the textile industry, and mahogany, a durable and precious wood used in the production of railway cars and furniture. British mercantile capital linked the various peoples and activities that were involved in the extractive industry and in the short-lived sugarcane and banana industries. The pre-Columbian regional economic block based on resources such as salt was taken over by the Spaniards during the Contact period. But the tenuous Iberian hold gave way to persistent British buccaneers turned loggers. Eventually, though, British mercantile firms took over the business. These firms monopolized the land, credit and the import business, and exerted considerable influence on the local state. This enclave economy essentially "created" its society, bringing in African slaves and attracting laborers from the region: Garifuna, Miskito, Mestizo and Maya. The Caste War of Yucatan (1847-1901) also sent some 15,000 refugees mostly peasants into Belize. Indentured workers were imported from the 1860s. Except for the blacks, most of the workers and peasants established settlements in the rural areas. The relationship between capital and labor and between capital and the peasantry was marked by both conflict and accommodation. Whereas the firms tried to secure a reliable, cheap, and submissive labor force and tried to "proletarianize" the peasantry with the help of state-backed mechanisms, the nature of the industry: the cultural norms of the Maya peasantry, for example, the strategic alliances among the groups at the frontier and the limited supply of labor made it difficult for capital to have its way. In fact, the Maya's determination to block further British expansion in the northwest eventually undermined the level of business confidence necessary to operate in a turbulent frontier. Mercantile capital withdrew when faced by declining prices. Many workers were repeasantized.
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Bhatti, Arshad Ali. "Essays on financial development, inequality and economic growth." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2012. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/essays-on-financial-development-inequality-and-economic-growth(a8fbe2ac-9d65-4b51-8d97-153e2c7a2168).html.
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This thesis explores two important aspects of growth, namely the roles of financial development and inequality. The recent literature has indicated that both the finance-growth and inequality-growth relationships are complex and not well captured through conventional linear regression analyses. Thus, most of the existing empirical literature focuses on marginal or direct growth effects, ignoring the role of possible factors, conditions and thresholds that may alter our thinking about how financial development or inequality may affect economic growth. Further, it ignores the presence of outliers, especially in cross-sectional analyses which may hinder our understanding of these relationships. Therefore, Chapter 1 addresses the issue of outliers in finance-growth literature and provides a robust sensitivity analysis of some past studies and an updated data set. Chapter 2 focuses on whether R&D plays a role, potentially as a proxy for an omitted variable, for growth and whether it has important interactions with financial development. Chapter 3 then examines the role of inequality for growth, allowing the effects to differ depending on the level of human versus physical capital accumulation.The cross-sectional analysis of Chapter 1 employs the robust regression methods of median quantile regression and least trimmed squares. It shows that the findings of past studies are sensitive to outlier observations. Further, we find that the positive effect of financial development on growth disappears and even becomes negative once we use our extended data set of 86 countries over the period 1997-2006. This last finding is consistent with Rousseau and Wachtel (2011). Moreover, we investigate whether our understanding of the finance-growth relationship can further be improved by introducing a measure of R&D into the standard analysis. We note that our measure of R&D has a strong positive effect on growth and may proxy the role of an omitted variable which is highly correlated with economic growth.Chapter 2 also uses R&D and investigates its interaction with conventionally measured financial development. It employs a variety of panel data techniques for a panel of 36 OECD and non-OECD countries to show that the relationship between financial development and economic growth is not straightforward; rather, it is conditional upon the level of innovation or R&D. Further, we find that a high level of technological innovation or R&D is associated with a weak or negative effect of financial development on economic growth. It is also noted that R&D is associated with financial innovation and the results suggest that countries with a high level of R&D may have less regulated financial systems which can adversely affect the finance-growth relationship.The third chapter explores the relationship between inequality and growth in the context of a unified empirical approach suggested by the theoretical model of Galor and Moav (2004). Based on that model, we construct a new measure, the human capital to physical capital ratio, which is used to study threshold effects in the inequality-growth relationship. Methodologically, we use threshold regression with instruments, developed by Caner and Hansen (2004), which allows us to endogenously identify the threshold human capital to physical capital ratio that alters the inequality-growth relationship. Using data on 82 countries, our results show that there exist significant threshold effects, with a level of the human capital to physical capital ratio below which the effect of inequality on growth is positive and significant, whereas it is negative and significant above it. We also test the robustness of our results using different measures of the human capital to physical capital ratio. These results are consistent with the theoretical predictions of Galor and Moav (2004).
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Al-Omari, Jehad A. "Critique of aspects of development theory using construction industry as a capital-surplus developing economy as an exemplar." Thesis, University of Reading, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.332273.
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Chirwa, Masauso. "Economic Development and Education : A Cross-Country, Time Series Study." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för samhällsvetenskaper, SV, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-14156.
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Oliveira, Fábio Lucas Pimentel de 1985. "Estrutura e evolução de capital Em Pernambuco = do isolamento relativo ao limiar da integração produtiva." [s.n.], 2011. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/286355.
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Orientador: Fernando Cézar de Macedo MotaDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Economia
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-17T23:38:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Oliveira_FabioLucasPimentelde_M.pdf: 2439784 bytes, checksum: 0d0e0b3e924f3bc769878da4e3ad8496 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011
Resumo: Este trabalho tem por objetivo reconstituir o movimento das principais frações de capital de Pernambuco no período que vai do último quartel do século XIX até o final dos anos de 1950. Para tanto, a análise está enquadrada na temática da transição do isolamento relativo regional até o limiar da integração produtiva. O enfoque principal está na análise das transformações ocorridas na produção açucareira estadual, bem como no surgimento e consolidação das primeiras fábricas têxteis no estado. Ademais, é dada especial atenção à atuação do capital mercantil na economia local, sem omitir a existência de outras atividades produtivas de menor relevância que surgiram no período, impulsionadas especialmente pelas atividades principais e pelo processo de urbanização do Recife. O movimento das frações de capital é reconstituído tendo por base as transformações da estrutura industrial, mediadas pelo comércio internacional e inter-regional. O estudo se encerra com a tentativa de evidenciar o quadro econômico de Pernambuco no limiar da integração produtiva, já no contexto da emergência da Questão Regional no Brasil, quando, em linha com o que vinha ocorrendo no Nordeste, as frações de capital pernambucanas já não possuíam capacidade própria de promover o desenvolvimento econômico
Abstract: This dissertation aims to trace the movement of the main capital fractions of Pernambuco from the last quarter of the nineteenth century until the late 1950s. To achieve that, the analysis is framed in the theme of transition from relative isolation to the brink of regional productive integration. The main focus of the study is the analysis of changes in sugar production in the state, as well as the emergence and consolidation of the first textile factories. Moreover, special attention is given to the role of merchant capital, without omitting the existence of other less relevant productive activities in the period, driven especially by the main activities and by the process of urbanization in Recife. Based on the transformation of industrial structure, the reconstitution of the movement of capital fractions is mediated by international and interregional trading. The study concludes with an attempt to highlight the economic framework of Pernambuco on the threshold of production integration, in the context of the emergence of the Regional Question in Brazil, when, in line with what was occurring in the Northeast, Pernambuco's capital fractions no longer had an inherent capacity to promote economic development
Mestrado
Desenvolvimento Economico, Espaço e Meio Ambiente
Desenvolvimento Econômico
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Gorney, Anne Ley. "Implementing a multilateral transitive price index." Access restricted to users with UT Austin EID Full text (PDF) from UMI/Dissertation Abstracts International, 2001. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/fullcit?p3037012.
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Yermo, Juan. "Pension funds and capital market development in Chile." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2012. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.669929.
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Chunnett, Wanda Ingrid. "A model for the utilisation of networks and leveraging of the economic benefits of migration capital in emerging markets." Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/29803.
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The research considers the question: What can emerging market economies do to leverage sustainable growth opportunities from resource constrained, involuntary migrant entrepreneurs? It explores the positive economic impact that involuntary migrant entrepreneurs have made in an emerging market economy, South Africa, through the establishment of sustainable businesses. The objective is to understand the underlying enablers and constraints that facilitated the establishment of such businesses historically and to use them to develop a model that might be implemented by public and private institutions to maximise the economic benefits that groups of migrant entrepreneurs can deliver. It took the form of an inductive study of behavioural attributes to which a critical realist epistemology has been applied, using network theory and the lens of “desirable difficulties” within the context of social, economic and migration capital. The research was inspired by the work of Elizabeth and Robert Bjork (1996 and 2015) and extends the concept of desirable disabilities into the realm of societal “disabilities” that have been overcome by resource constrained migrant entrepreneurs, to accumulate the necessary social, knowledge and economic capital (Bourdieu, 1985) to establish sustainable businesses. The theoretical contribution of the research is to take the involuntary migrant debate beyond the "refugee as burden" paradigm, by focusing on constrained, involuntary migrants as potential economic contributors through: 1. A theoretical proposition that the legal, knowledge, language and economic capital required by constrained migrant entrepreneurs to leverage the enabling disabilities that they have and to establish their locus of power, is augmented by additional "migration capital", an offshoot of mobility capital, which originates from the interactions within and between the migrant group networks. 2. The development of a model, based on migration capital, which may be used by emerging market countries to maximise the economic growth opportunities that severely resource constrained entrepreneurs can offer. The model utilises a newly defined form of capital, namely migration capital, as its basis. It provides an alternative view to traditional, “push” based economic theories which have categorised refugees and migrants as economic burdens that must be supported by the host country for extended periods of time, to the detriment of the local population. The “pull” model is premised on the finding that migration is a temporal rather than geographic or ethnic issue and that there is additional value to be extracted over the lifespan of a migrant business if the social integration can be expedited through the facilitation of migration capital in addition to individual social, knowledge and economic capital. It considers the benefit that can be realised by the host country, where the process driver remains the migrant entrepreneur, eager to become established in a new country and achieve their long term vision.
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Tesser, Lucas Rubbo. "Instituições, produtividade do trabalho, capital humano e capital físico : uma investigação de suas relações dinâmicas através de modelos VAR para dados em painel." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/172641.
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Neste trabalho, explora-se a relação das instituições econômicas com o crescimento e desenvolvimento econômico. As instituições influenciam a estrutura de incentivos econômicos em uma sociedade, determinando como e o quão eficiente será a alocação de recursos, portanto determinam a performance econômica. A literatura empírica parece corroborar essa tese. Neste trabalho se busca contribuir para a literatura empírica no assunto. Foram construídas uma série de painéis autoregressivos com o objetivo de investigar a relação dinâmica entre a produtividade do trabalho, qualidade das instituições econômicas, capital humano e capital físico por trabalhador. Usando a base de dados criada por Kunˇciˇc (2014) como uma proxy para instituições e dados da Penn World Table 9.0 que medem a produtividade do trabalho, capital humano e capital físico por trabalhador, os resultados mostram que um choque estrutural nas instituições, em média, tem um efeito positivo e estatisticamente significante na produtividade do trabalho. Outro resultado obtido foi que um choque no capital humano gera, em média, um efeito positivo na produtividade do trabalho, enquanto que um choque ao capital físico por trabalhador não tem efeito sobre essa variável. Kunˇciˇc (2014) divide sua amostra em clusters de qualidade institucional que ranqueiam os países de melhores a piores instituições. Usando esses clusters, a amostra é dividida em dois, metade contendo os países com boas instituições, isto é, desenvolvidos, e metade contendo os países com instituições ruins, isto é, subdesenvolvidos. Os resultados diferem entre as duas amostras. Países com boas instituições não apresentam nenhum efeito sobre a produtividade do trabalho proveniente de um choque na qualidade institucional, enquanto que os países da amostra dos subdesenvolvidos mostram uma resposta maior que aquela da amostra completa. A produtividade do trabalho mostra uma resposta muito maior ao capital humano em países com boas instituições. Choques ao capital físico por trabalhador somente produzem resultados positivos para produtividade do trabalho na amostra dos países subdesenvolvidos. Estes resultados sugerem que existem retornos decrescentes para aumentos na qualidade institucional, o que está alinhado com a hipótese de convergência no nível de vida dos países. Isso está de acordo com o encontrado em Góes (2016). Os resultados sugerem também que o capital humano é melhor alocado quando as instituições são melhores e vice versa, gerando ganhos de produtividade de acordo com a qualidade institucional. Isso está de acordo com o encontrado em Hall, Sobel e Crowley (2010), Acemoglu, Gallego e Robinson (2014) e Niquito (2015).I explore the relations between economic institutions and economic growth and development. Institutions influence the structure of incentives in a society determining how the resources will be allocated and how efficiently hence they determine economic performance. The empirical literature seems to agree with this line of thought. A series of panel autoregressions was built with the goal of investigating the dynamic relation between labor productivity, institutional quality, human capital and physical capital per worker. Using the database created by Kunˇciˇc (2014) as a proxy for institutions and data from the Penn World Table 9.0 of labor productivity, human capital and physical capital per worker I find that a structural shock to institutions has on average a positive and significant effect on labor productivity. I also find that a shock to human capital has on average a positive and significant effect on labor productivity while a shock to physical capital per worker does not. Kunˇciˇc (2014) divides his sample into clusters of institutional quality wich rank the countries from better to worst institutions. Using this clusters I divide the sample in two, one-half containing countries with good institutions i.e developed, and another containing the countries with worst institutions i.e underdeveloped. The results are strikingly different between the two samples. Countries with good institutions have no effect on labor productivity from a shock in institutional quality, while the underdeveloped countries sample show a bigger response than that of the full sample. Labor productivity shows a much greater response to human capital in countries with good institutions. Physical capital shocks only produce positive responses in labor productivity in the sample of countries with worst institutions. These results suggest that there are diminishing returns to increases in institutional quality and that human capital may be misallocated in countries with bad institutions, suggesting that economic institutions greatly affect the allocation of resources in a society.
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Vasconcellos, Iraci Matos. "Educação superior no Brasil e desenvolvimento econômico: o peso do capital humano e do capital social." Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, 2012. http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=4600.
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O modelo de política para a educação superior adotado pelo Brasil é o de expansão da oferta de curso e vagas. Apesar da maior presença do setor privado, as atribuições do Estado vão muito além da oferta proporcionada pelas universidades públicas. Suas ações definem o modelo que o país adota para aquele nível de ensino, indicando que o peso institucional é significativo e as ações das três últimas décadas tiveram um resultado positivo para a sociedade como um todo, isto é, impactaram significativamente o desenvolvimento econômico, representado neste trabalho pelo PIB per capita.
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Aksan, Anna-Maria 1982. "Three Essays on Disease and Economic Development." Thesis, University of Oregon, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/10865.
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ix, 88 p. A print copy of this thesis is available through the UO Libraries. Search the library catalog for the location and call number.This dissertation addresses the high disease burden in developing countries today by examining the role of disease in economic development through its impact on productivity, fertility and human capital investment. In the second chapter of this dissertation, I model the impact on labor productivity of a change in disease susceptibility that results from intellectual property rights (IPR) reform. I develop a North-South model in which the disease environments differ between the rich and poor countries, and individuals consume innovated health goods to avoid the cost (labor time lost) of getting a disease. Southern welfare is shown to increase with the imposition of IPR protection when health needs in the South differ sufficiently from those in the North, and when health goods are accessible (in terms of adequate health care infrastructure) and effective (in counteracting disease). In the third chapter of this dissertation, I model the impact of child disease burden on fertility and human capital investment. The fertility response to a decline in child mortality depends on the morbidity effect of the disease, the level of disease burden, and whether prevalence rates or case fatalities decline. Fertility rates follow mortality and morbidity, but since mortality and morbidity do not always move in the same direction, the fertility response may be dampened or non-monotonic. Using a 20-year panel data set on malaria prevalence for 44 countries in sub-Saharan Africa, I find empirical support for the cases defined by the model; changes in malaria prevalence affect fertility more in non-endemic areas, where cases are more severe and more fatal relative to endemic areas. Historical and biological evidence suggest a link between (infectious) diseases early in life and (non-infectious) diseases later in life. In Chapter IV I model this link using a three-period overlapping generations model in which childhood disease outcomes affect longevity. Simulations in a general equilibrium framework duplicate the defining characteristics of the epidemiological-demographic transition as it occurred in many industrialized countries: as disease declines parents engage in a quantity-quality tradeoff for children, longevity rises and population declines after an initial jump. This dissertation includes unpublished co-authored material.
Committee in charge: Shankha Chakraborty, Chairperson, Economics; Bruce Blonigen, Member, Economics; Peter Lambert, Member, Economics; Laura Leete, Member, Planriing Public Policy & Mgmt; Jean Stockard, Outside Member, Planning Public Policy & Mgmt
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Liu, Xiaoli. "Agriculture and the operation of the capital market in China." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2009. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=92519.
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This thesis considers China’s rural financial system and its impact on rural economy. It explores three specific aspects, i.e. the relationship between agricultural growth and finance; agricultural banking efficiency and financial reforms; and the impact of lack of access to credit on production. The results of the general finance-growth relationship over 1992 to 2003 indicate no evidence of a positive relationship between state finance and agricultural or overall growth, although, perhaps as a result of the reforms, this negative impact seemed to disappear when the later sub-period was considered. The results also suggest that the impact of the lagged state credit variable on growth is positive. There is also weak evidence that agriculture growth was less negatively affected by state lending than in the economy overall. There is also some indication that the changes which occurred after the 1993 financial reform were less in agriculture than for the wider economy. Examination on the performance of the Agricultural Bank of China (ABC) over the period 1979 to 1992 and 2002 to 2005 show that ABCs’ performance fluctuated over years. However, the overall comparison between the beginning and end of the period indicates an improvement in banking performance in the long-term.
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Gunchinsuren, Enkhtuvshin. "Essays on Factor Returns, Resource Allocation and Economic Development." The Ohio State University, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1429569565.
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Guo, Liang. "The contribution of venture capital to economic growth in Europe and the USA : a political economy approach." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.609765.
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Cerra, Valerie. "Essays on growth, human capital, and income distribution /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/7431.
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Kang, Wan-Goo. "Focusing on the effect of educational attainment and technology adoption on economic growth /." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 2002. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p3060110.
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Roberts, Valerie. "Building social capital through micro-credit : the impact of a rural credit programme on borrower livelihoods." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.268514.
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Dzangare, Gillian. "The impact of private capital flows on economic growth in South Africa." Thesis, University of Fort Hare, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10353/d1007134.
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In this study an analysis of the long-term equilibrium relationship between economic growth measured as real GDP growth and private capital inflows is explored. The link between private capital inflows and economic growth is well-documented in the literature. However, a void in the literature relates to examining the cointegrating relationship between private capital inflows and economic growth particularly for South Africa. It is widely claimed that private capital inflows foster economic growth by closing the savings/investment gap. However, clarity on this point is necessary because of the seemingly unclear nature of the relationship in the literature. The exact form of this relationship as well as the nature of capital flows that could impact on real growth requires further investigation. Moreover, what exactly happens to this relationship in an economic crisis such as recently recorded in the global financial crisis is not clear. The analysis is undertaken by employing cointegration and vector error correction modeling approach using quarterly data for the period 1989q4-2009q4. This study employs the Johansen (1998) cointegration test. This technique distinguishes itself since it establishes the long run relationship between variables. Thereafter, residual diagnostic checks are performed on the variables. Our results show among others, that private capital inflows have impacted positively on the growth of the South African economy. The areas for further research that emerge from this study include the effect of some government policies on economic growth that should also receive more attention in the future since political instability slows down investment.
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Zhang, Haining. "China's capital and financial sector development and its impact on economic growth (1989 - 2004) /." Frankfurt a.M, 2007. http://opac.nebis.ch/cgi-bin/showAbstract.pl?sys=000253465.
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Trillig, Julian [Verfasser], Dirk [Akademischer Betreuer] Schiereck, and Oliver [Akademischer Betreuer] Hinz. "Economic Sustainable Development and Capital Market Perception / Julian Trillig. Betreuer: Dirk Schiereck ; Oliver Hinz." Darmstadt : Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Darmstadt, 2013. http://d-nb.info/1112268464/34.
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Evans, A. Dwyfor. "The role of human capital, financial development and political stability in economic growth : evidence and interpretation from cross-section and panel data." Thesis, Cardiff University, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.325003.
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Potts, Deborah. "Urbanization in Malawi with special reference to the new capital city of Lilongwe." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 1986. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1317532/.
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This thesis examines the process of urbanization in Malawi, with special reference to the new capital city, Lilongwe. At independence Malawi inherited an extremely underdeveloped urban system. It is argued that colonial Nyasaland's involvement in the migrant labour system and its reluctant membership of the Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland were contributory factors, both of which related to Nyasaland's economically and politically subordinate position in Southern Africa. Analysis of the static and dynamic nature of independent Malawi's urban system shows it to be very simplistic. It is emphasized that the growth of the truly 'urban' population in most of the small centres in the urban hierarchy has been slow, and that institutional hindrances and government perceptions of the urban process may dissipate the impact of policies designed to promote their development. The major aspect of urban policy since 1964 has been the development of Lilongwe, which the government emphasized had two objectives: to create a new capital replacing the colonial creation of Zomba, and to develop a growth centre to promote greater regional equality and act as a counterattraction to the commercial 'capital' of Blantyre. President Banda's key role in the: instigation of this project is empahasized, and it is suggested that the second objective was rhetorically promoted as a justificatory expedient. The results of original research on urban policy implementation and private sector investment in Blantyre and Lilongwe support the contention that government commitment to Lilongwe as a growth centre is weak, and also draws attention to problems inherent in applying such strategies in small, underdeveloped economies such as Malawi's. Lilongwe's economic development has not been in theoretical accordance with that of a growth centre. Nevertheless although it is proposed that a new capital programme per se cannot be used as a surrogate for a regional development policy, major infrastructural developments in Lilongwe have allowed it to provide a degree of economic competition to Blantyre. These are argued to be mainly associated with government commitment to its development as the capital city rather than its weakly developed growth centre role.
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Olivier, Johan-Paul. "A Proposed model for the measurement of capital generation by small businesses as a contribution to economic development." Pretoria : [s.n.], 2006. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-12152006-133400.
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Gille, Véronique. "Do others matter? : An empirical analysis of the interaction of social and human capital in India." Thesis, Paris 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA010057/document.
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Dire que le capital humain a un impact important sur le développement économique n'est pas une affirmation très controversée. Elle a été confirmée par la recherche des cinquante dernières années et améliorer les indicateurs de capital humain dans les pays en développement est depuis quelques temps déjà un des objectifs principaux des gouvernements, des ONG et des organisations internationales. Cependant, le capital humain est souvent seulement considéré comme une question individuelle. Pourtant, le capital humain comporte une dimension sociale encore relativement peu analysée. L'objectif de cette thèse est d'apporter un éclairage sur cet aspect social du capital humain. La question que je pose tout au long de cette thèse est «Quelle est l'importance des autres? »par rapport au capital humain. En particulier, je me demande comment capital social et capital humain interagissent, et les éléments de réponse que j'apporte reposent sur des données indiennes. L'Inde est un pays où il est particulièrement intéressant d'étudier cette question, car le capital humain y a beaucoup évolué dans les cinquante dernières années, et le capital social a joué un rôle important dans cette évolution. Le contexte social indien, propose aussi un cadre d'analyse riche pour l'étude de la relation entre capital humain et capital socialThere is nothing controversial in saying that hum an capital matters a great deal for economic development. Research during the past 50 years has confirmed this belief, and governments, international organizations and NGOs have worked hard to improve human capital indicators. But the majority of policy makers and researchers have considered and studied human capital as an issue only concerning individuals. However, human capital also has a social component which has not yet been well understood, despite a growing literature looking beyond the individual aspect of human capital. The aim of this dissertation is to shed some light on this social component of hum an capital. The recurrent question that I am asking throughout this thesis is "How do others matter?", in relation to hum an capital. In particular, I am wondering how social capital interacts with human capital. To study this question, I take India as a case study. India is a country where human capital has dramatically changed in the last 50 years, and social capital had an important role in this evolution. More concretely, India's peculiar social structure pro vides a very interesting context to study the relation between human capital and social capital
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Udeogu, Ejike. "Financialisation, capital accumulation and economic development : a theoretical and empirical investigation of the Nigerian economy." Thesis, University of East London, 2015. http://roar.uel.ac.uk/5014/.
Full textAbstract:
The primary focus of this study is to highlight those unobtrusive, yet fundamental, factors undermining economic development in Nigeria. To begin with, it posits that the decelerating pace of capital accumulation in Nigeria, which naturally occasions rising unemployment and poverty levels, and widening inequality gap, is the result of the ‘low possibility’ of capitalist enterprises in the country of earning an adequate rate of profit from their productive processes. In turn, the ‘low possibility’ is argued to be the result of the uneven development inherent in the modern capitalist structure, the high cost of capital and of production peculiar to Nigeria, and the ineffective demand for goods made in Nigeria: these elements are viewed as been precipitated by the contradictions of the contemporary political-economic arrangement that organises the Social Structures of Accumulation. For Nigeria to ‘develop’, it is contended that the unobtrusive elements inherent in the contradiction of the political-economic economic that undermine the capitalists’ ability to earn a commensurate rate of profit in the country needs to be fully addressed first. Furthermore, this study suggests that it is crucial the country embraces knowledge-based industrialisation if it is to achieve some form of ‘competitive advantage’ in the global market, which could enable its productive processes extract a commensurate level of profit from the market. To facilitate the knowledge-based industrialisation, the state should, not only create a conducive environment for industrial development but also play the lead role in transforming the peripheral and oil dependent economy to a knowledge-based economy by coordinating business organisations and investing in high-risk innovations.