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Journal articles on the topic 'Economic development. Capital'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 14 February 2022

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1

Maune, Alexander. "Human capital intelligence and economic development." Problems and Perspectives in Management 14, no. 3 (September 27, 2016): 564–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/ppm.14(3-2).2016.13.

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This article explored human capital intelligence and economic development in Zimbabwe with some examples adopted from Israel and many other countries. A qualitative-exploratory literature review methodology was used for the purpose of this study because of its suitability. The primary concern of the author was to have and provide an in-depth analysis and understanding of the multiple realities and truths pertaining to human capital intelligence and economic development in Zimbabwe. An inductive approach was adopted for the purpose of this study. The findings of this article will make it possible to generalise the role of human capital intelligence towards economic development of a country and to develop some valuable propositions for future studies. The findings showed that human capital intelligence plays a critical role in economic development, through laying a foundation for economic development, attracting foreign direct investment, personal remittances, as well as attracting venture capitalists. Empirical evidence from countries such as Israel shows the criticality of human capital intelligence development to economic development of a nation. This article will assist business managers, societal leaders, policymakers, as well as governments to understand the criticality of human capital intelligence towards the development of a company, society and nation at large. This article has, therefore, academic, societal and business value. Keywords: Zimbabwe, economic development, human capital, intelligence, intellectual capital. JEL Classification: O1, J41, O34

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2

Ferleger, Louis. "Capital Goods and Southern Economic Development." Journal of Economic History 45, no. 2 (June 1985): 411–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022050700034124.

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Studies of the postbellum South have neglected the development of the capital goods industry within the region. The argument of this note is that where the capital goods industry was limited or not present, economic development was inhibited. Within the South, I focus on regional differences in the development of the industry. Evidence is presented that indicates that the development of the capital goods industry and the pattern of inventive activity (as measured by patents) varied considerably within the South. One key finding is that the plantation Old South had fewer patents per capita compared with the nonplantation South.

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3

Gapinski, James H. "Heterogeneous capital, economic growth, and economic development." Journal of Macroeconomics 18, no. 4 (September 1996): 561–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0164-0704(96)80052-8.

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4

King, Robert G., and Ross Levine. "Capital fundamentalism, economic development, and economic growth." Carnegie-Rochester Conference Series on Public Policy 40 (June 1994): 259–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0167-2231(94)90011-6.

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5

Dasgupta, Partha. "Nature's role in sustaining economic development." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 365, no. 1537 (January 12, 2010): 5–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2009.0231.

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In this paper, I formalize the idea of sustainable development in terms of intergenerational well-being. I then sketch an argument that has recently been put forward formally to demonstrate that intergenerational well-being increases over time if and only if a comprehensive measure of wealth per capita increases. The measure of wealth includes not only manufactured capital, knowledge and human capital (education and health), but also natural capital (e.g. ecosystems). I show that a country's comprehensive wealth per capita can decline even while gross domestic product (GDP) per capita increases and the UN Human Development Index records an improvement. I then use some rough and ready data from the world's poorest countries and regions to show that during the period 1970–2000 wealth per capita declined in South Asia and sub-Saharan Africa, even though the Human Development Index (HDI) showed an improvement everywhere and GDP per capita increased in all places (except in sub-Saharan Africa, where there was a slight decline). I conclude that, as none of the development indicators currently in use is able to reveal whether development has been, or is expected to be, sustainable, national statistical offices and international organizations should now routinely estimate the (comprehensive) wealth of nations.

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6

Saady Mahmood Abaas, Mlaabdal, Olena Chygryn, Oleksandr Kubatko, and Tetyana Pimonenko. "Social and economic drivers of national economic development: the case of OPEC countries." Problems and Perspectives in Management 16, no. 4 (November 2, 2018): 155–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/ppm.16(4).2018.14.

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This paper examines the economic relationships between oil price volatility and socially-economic development of 14 Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) using the annual panel data for the period 1990–2014 obtained from the World Bank (WB) statistical data sets. Hausman specification test has been performed to choose the method of panel data analysis, and the results were in favor of fixed effects estimation. The main findings indicate the direct relationship between economic growth and oil price volatility. The research supports the hypothesis that an increase in crude oil prices is positively related to GDP, and a 10% increase in oil prices correlates with 0.6-4% GDP improvements. Structural changes in employment in favor of service sector are negatively correlated with GDP per capita. Changes in GDP structure in favor of oil rents on 10% lead to the shrinking of GDP on 1%. Life expectancy at birth, as an indirect indicator of health, positively influences the economic growth indicators and an improvement in life expectancy on one percentage leads on average to 1% growth in GDP and 0.5-1.33% growth in GDP per capita. Energy efficiency improvements are positive drivers of GDP values at OPEC, and our findings suggest that a 10% increase at GDP per unit of energy use leads to 3% increase of GDP itself. The study recommends investing in energy efficiency, human capital, and capital formation to guarantee long-run economic development and prosperity of OPEC counties.

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7

Todaro, Michael P., Sisay Asefa, and Wei-Chiao Huang. "Human Capital and Economic Development." Population and Development Review 21, no. 2 (June 1995): 427. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2137505.

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8

Torsvik, Gaute. "SOCIAL CAPITAL AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT." Rationality and Society 12, no. 4 (November 2000): 451–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/104346300012004005.

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9

Cubas, German. "Public Capital and Economic Development." Economic Journal 130, no. 632 (November 2020): 2354–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ej/ueaa079.

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Abstract Public capital is sizable and its share in total capital is higher in poor countries. The standard development accounting approach does not distinguish it from private capital, ignoring its public good features. The goal of this paper is to measure public capital stocks for a wide range of countries, and then develop and implement a development accounting framework that explicitly includes its non-rival aspects. The paper finds that factors of production account for a significantly greater share of cross-country differences in output per worker compared to the standard framework. With both non-rivalry and congestion, the contribution of factors of production decreases.

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10

Tamura, Robert. "Human capital and economic development." Journal of Development Economics 79, no. 1 (February 2006): 26–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jdeveco.2004.12.003.

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11

Naqvi, Syed Nawab Haider. "Economic Development and Development Economics (Presidential Address)." Pakistan Development Review 32, no. 4I (December 1, 1993): 357–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.30541/v32i4ipp.357-386.

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To state that development economics is about economic development is now considered beyond debate. But opinions differ about what constitutes economic development and its proper index; in particular whether the growth of per capita income adequately captures its flavour. Thus, instead of being regarded, a La Lewis, as just a synonym for capital accumulation going above a certain critical level, development economics is now also required to respond to such challenges as raising the quality of life that people succeed in achieving by living longer; by being more literate in addition to being more prosperous; and, environmentally speaking, by making the development process sustainable. Indeed, our discipline is being asked to encompass an ever wider set of problems and venture into domains where it has not entered before: namely, the choices that people make; the economic and political freedoms they enjoy; the heavy incidence of poverty among the least privileged in the society, including the rural poor; the unjust social and economic structures that must be changed; the regulatory framework that needs to be evolved to enable the market to work-hopefully in the interest of the society. What complicates matters even more is that to be able to address many of these issues, development economics must transcend the self-imposed boundaries of strict positivism and acquire an overarching ethical vision. If mainstream economics is (rightly) regarded as a difficult science, development economics is even more so.

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12

Fedulova, Svitlana, Volodymyr Dubnytskyi, Vitalina Komirna, and Nataliia Naumenko. "Economic development management in a water-capacious economy." Problems and Perspectives in Management 17, no. 3 (August 23, 2019): 259–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/ppm.17(3).2019.21.

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The world tendencies of spatial development, namely the availability of limited resources (primarily water) and the growth of the world’s food needs focus on the resource specialization of the region. On this basis, the purpose of the article is to study the impact of the water-capacious economy on the economic development of the country and its regions. The study used the traditional and special methods, including: historical and logical method – to analyze the functioning of regional socio-economic systems under limited water resources; and system analysis methods – to evaluate the impact of the water-capacious economy on the economic development of the country and its regions. The research results have important implications for the management of the territories. The authors show that the production specialization of the regions of Ukraine on the export/import of water-capacious products is not determined by their water supply. They also suggest that stimulating the region’s water-efficient activity should lead to a minimization of the water capacity of gross regional product and the reproduction of water capital, taking into account the water security of the regions. The authors also show that the water resources of the country and its regions and the natural water potential of the territories in the current situation become significant restriction to the economic development of territories, which allows to state the need to change the approaches to the regulation of regional development based on limited water resources.

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13

Lisi, Gaetano. "Sustainable Economic Development and Human Capital." Journal of Sustainable Development 13, no. 2 (March 30, 2020): 78. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jsd.v13n2p78.

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In this theoretical paper the key role of human capital for a sustainable economic development is introduced into a simplified version of the green Solow model. The main result of this integration is the derivation of a kind of environmental Kuznets curve.

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14

Schultz, T. P. "Health Human Capital and Economic Development." Journal of African Economies 19, Supplement 3 (October 20, 2010): iii12—iii80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jae/ejq015.

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15

Qiong, Zhang. "Longevity, Capital Formation and Economic Development." Chinese Journal of Population Resources and Environment 10, no. 1 (March 2012): 53–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10042857.2012.10685060.

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16

Аврашков, Лев, Lyev Avrashkov, Андрей Графов, Andrey Grafov, Галина Графова, and Galina Grafova. "Economic Evaluation of Capital Development Objects." Auditor 4, no. 5 (June 13, 2018): 39–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/article_5b10fe9ae0e934.52610805.

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Th e article suggests a methodical approach to the economic justifi cation of capital construction objects, calculations are made on two possible options for technological connection of capital construction facilities to gas networks at the regional level, and the results of calculations are presented.

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17

Ranney, David C. "Mobile Capital and Economic Development Planning." Journal of Planning Education and Research 20, no. 3 (March 2001): 281–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0739456x0102000302.

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18

Francois, Patrick, and Jan Zabojnik. "Trust, Social Capital, and Economic Development." Journal of the European Economic Association 3, no. 1 (March 1, 2005): 51–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/1542476053295304.

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19

Perez-Alvarez, Marcello, and Holger Strulik. "Nepotism, human capital and economic development." Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization 181 (January 2021): 211–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jebo.2020.11.034.

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20

Chijioke, Amadi Kelvin, and Alolote Ibim Amadi. "Human Capital Investment as a Catalyst for Sustainable Economic Development in Nigeria." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MANAGEMENT SCIENCE AND BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION 5, no. 5 (2019): 13–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.18775/ijmsba.1849-5664-5419.2014.55.1002.

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Human capital development presupposes investments, activities, and processes facilitating the generation of technical and expert knowledge; skills, health or values that are embodied in people. It implies maintaining an appropriate balance and key massive human resource base and providing an encouraging environment for all individuals to be fully engaged and contribute to organizational or national goals. Human capital development is necessary in order for National development to occur. In addition, human capital development teaches people how to utilize the advantages of diverse thinking styles (analytical and intuitive) so that they achieve the best holistic practical solutions. Human capital development and training are basically the same. This paper aims to examine the meaning of human capital development in relation to nation-building. The authors also took a cursory look at the concept of business education and its roles for sustainable development for nation-building. The study examined human capital investment as a catalyst for sustainable economic environment in Nigeria. The broad objective of the study is to analyze the effect of human capital investment on the Nigerian economy from 1986 to2017. The data used for the study were sourced from the central bank statistical bulletin and national bureau of Statistics. Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) techniques were used to analyze the data. The findings of the study reveal that there is a positive relationship between government expenditure on health and real gross domestic product. The adjusted coefficient of determination (R2) shows that 97.3% of variations in the real gross domestic product is being accounted for by government expenditure on education, government expenditure on health and gross capital formation while the remaining 2.7% is accounted for by variables not included in the model. The study suggests that Nigerian policymakers should pay more attention to the health sector and increase its yearly budgetary allocation to it. Nevertheless, the key to achieving best results lies not in ordinarily increasing particular budgetary allocation but rather in implementing a public expenditure and revenue and ensuring the usage of the allocated fund as transparently as possible.

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21

Manuelli, Rodolfo E. "Capital fundamentalism, economic development, and economic growth: A comment." Carnegie-Rochester Conference Series on Public Policy 40 (June 1994): 293–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0167-2231(94)90012-4.

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22

Rahman, Mujib Ur, Muhammad Faizan Malik, and Wisal Ahmad. "Social Relational Capital as a Community Economic Development Factor." I IV, no. I (March 30, 2019): 108–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/ger.2019(iv-i).11.

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The paper examined the impact of relational capitals on community economic development. For this purpose, the handloom business community was taken as a case study from Peshawar Valley. Data was collected through purposive sampling from169 handlooms firms. The results concluded that the impact of relational capital is significant, and the relationship is positive. This study hereby suggests that government and policymakers should invest in making ties and a strong network of firms within and outside of the community; hence with high investment in making strong social-relational capital can develop the entire entrepreneurial communities.

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23

Nakamura, Hideki, and Yoshihiko Seoka. "DIFFERENTIAL FERTILITY AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT." Macroeconomic Dynamics 18, no. 5 (May 21, 2013): 1048–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1365100512000818.

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This paper considers differential fertility and analyzes how the fertility of people caught in poverty disturbs their escape from poverty. For escape from poverty, it is necessary that the average human capital stock exceed certain thresholds before the ratio of the number of poor to rich people increases more rapidly than the human capital level of rich people. Thus, the escape depends on a race between the accumulation of human capital by the rich and the accumulation of children by the poor. A high initial ratio of the number of poor to rich people would imply persistent poverty.

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24

Nkogbu, Godfrey Oshilim. "Enhancing Sustainable Economic Growth and Development through Human Capital Development." International Journal of Human Resource Studies 5, no. 1 (January 11, 2015): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/ijhrs.v5i1.6894.

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This study examined enhancing sustainable economic growth and development through human capital development in Nigeria. Primary data were collected through structured interviews from 296 respondents via questionnaire.The survey research design was used to collect data for the study. Data collected were analyzed using simple percentage (%), mean score (x) and chi-square (X2). Results of the findings showed that human capital development plays a critical role in economic growth and development; investment in human capital development will result in improved economic growth and development and that economic growth and development cannot be sustained without human capital development.The study concluded that to enhance and sustain economic growth and development, and for human capital to have an impact on economic growth and development, Nigeria needs to invest more on its human capital development as well as the provision of opportunities for developed human capital to express their skills, knowledge and abilities. The study suggested that more priority should be given to human capital development as well as the educational sector and human capital development should be the responsibility of all and sundry and not government/organizations alone.

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25

ZHANG, WEI-BIN. "Economic development with accumulation of physical capital and human capital." International Journal of Systems Science 24, no. 1 (January 1993): 65–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00207729308949472.

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26

Marinescu, Cosmin. "Why Institutions Matter: From Economic Development to Development Economics." European Review 22, no. 3 (June 30, 2014): 469–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1062798714000283.

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The last few decades have seen a significant growth of economists’ interest in studying institutions. They are generally preoccupied with explaining institutions using instruments that are specific for an economist, and especially with discerning the significance of institutions for both economic development and development economics. Therefore, the integration of institutions into economic theory is an essential step in our continuous attempt to refine and improve scientific explanations. The neoclassical theory of economic growth only identifies the conditions needed for material production growth, such as capital accumulation and technical progress. In order to explain ‘why’ people save, invest, learn and seek useful knowledge, special attention must also be paid to institutional and value systems.

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27

Laskowska, Iwona, and Barbara Dańska-Borsiak. "The Importance Of Human Capital For The Economic Development Of EU Regions." Comparative Economic Research. Central and Eastern Europe 19, no. 5 (March 30, 2017): 63–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/cer-2016-0038.

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The EU designs its cohesion policy with the primary purpose of reducing disparities in regional development. The success of the policy is largely determined by the identification of factors that contribute to such disparities. One of the key determinants of economic success is human capital. This article examines the relationship between the quality of human capital and economic development of EU’s regions. Using spatial analysis methods, the spatial dependencies between the growth of human capital and GDP per capita are investigated. According to the research results, the highest levels of human capital are typical of the most affluent regions in Western Europe, while its lowest levels are found in the poorest countries that became EU members only recently and in countries in southern Europe, including Greece. The spatial correlation measures confirm that spatial relationships have effect on the regional resources of human capital, showing that regions rich in human capital border on regions that are similar to them in that respect. The results of the spatial growth regression indicate that the amount of human capital in the region has a significant and positive effect on its GDP per capita.

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28

Jones, Ronald W., and Sugata Marjit. "Economic Development, Trade and Wages." German Economic Review 4, no. 1 (February 1, 2003): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-0475.t01-1-00070.

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Abstract. We present models that allow the use of unskilled and skilled labor as well as capital and land. Thus agriculture, important in developing countries, can be included as well as two types of labor and a single (or two) type(s) of physical capital. The models are related to the simple 3x2 specific factors structure by means of what is called the linear neighborhood structure, wherein no activity uses more than two factors, and the two types of labor work in separated sectors, using in common a type of physical capital. We discuss how wage rate changes are related when endowments change, when agriculture becomes traded and prices rise, and when unskilled labor becomes educated and joins the ranks of skilled workers.

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29

Heliati, Ratni, and Tio Riyono. "THE EFFECT OF SOCIO-ECONOMIC ON SOCIAL MEDIA IN INDONESIA." TRIKONOMIKA 17, no. 2 (December 31, 2018): 93. http://dx.doi.org/10.23969/trikonomika.v17i2.993.

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The current world development agenda led to a focus called the 2030 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). There were 17 development goals that became the world’s commitment to be achieved soon. The results of the consensus in 1995 at the World Summit for Social Development stated that the development must make humans as the center of development. One of the benchmarks for human development was based on the Social Capital index. Various countries had developed the concept of social capital. So far, the capital of the OECD had become the most referenced, such as Canada, Australia and the United Kingdom, as a reference in developing indicators of social capital. This study aimed to prove Lin’s theory which stated that assets or economics were directly proportional to the development of social capital. The results showed that economic variables such as GRDP per capita were inversely proportional to social capital. Subsequently social capital was significantly influenced negatively by Indonesia’s democracy index and significantly influenced positively by population density

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30

Gruzina, Yulia, Irina Firsova, and Wadim Strielkowski. "Dynamics of Human Capital Development in Economic Development Cycles." Economies 9, no. 2 (May 1, 2021): 67. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/economies9020067.

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Our paper focuses on the dynamics of development of human capital in economic development cycles (as described, for example, in the works of Becker or Barro). In the course of this research, we created an econometric model based on the modified Mankiw‒Romer‒Weil equation of the Cobb‒Douglas function which takes into account the factor of convergence/divergence and differentiation due to changes in the size of territories, population, volume of economies, and other parameters of the studied states and societies. The applied Theil index makes it possible (since it can be used as a “transition key”) to compare the dynamic time series of human capital development in the early industrial and post-industrial, knowledge, as well as the information cycles of economic development. Drawing on the historical experience of four industrial revolutions, our paper finds that, contrary to popular belief, which considers early industrialization to be a largely unfettered process and human capital development to be a by-product, the Industrial Revolutions actually contributed to the formation of human capital by fostering new technologies and opening up opportunities for personal development for a large number of people, as well as creating a large numbers of new jobs and significantly increasing productivity and wages. Our approach makes it possible to calculate the development of human capital for each cycle of economic development according to separate formulas and then compare them in one dynamic series. Our results might be relevant for stakeholders and policy-makers in the countries largely relying upon the export of their natural resources who might want to attempt changing their dependency and to invest in the formation of a knowledge-based economy based on the high-quality human capital.

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31

DUMITRU, Raluca. "Analysis of Economic Development of Human Capital." Procedia of Economics and Business Administraion 5, no. 1 (December 15, 2019): 31–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.26458/v5.i1.4.

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32

Barefield, Alan. "Discussion: Human Capital and Rural Economic Development." Journal of Agricultural and Applied Economics 41, no. 2 (August 2009): 431–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s107407080000290x.

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One of the most critical elements of a nation's social infrastructure is its system of education. Concerns with accessibility, achievement, and choice are significant elements in determining the quality of life for all communities, but most especially for rural communities where resources, and in many cases, opportunities, are perceived to be less plentiful than for their urban and suburban counterparts.

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Yakita, Akira. "Human capital accumulation, fertility and economic development." Journal of Economics 99, no. 2 (October 13, 2009): 97–116. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00712-009-0090-y.

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34

Skidmore, David. "Civil Society, Social Capital and Economic Development." Global Society 15, no. 1 (January 2001): 53–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13600820125650.

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35

GRIFFIN, KEITH. "FOREIGN CAPITAL, DOMESTIC SAVINGS AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT." Bulletin of the Oxford University Institute of Economics & Statistics 32, no. 2 (May 1, 2009): 99–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0084.1970.mp32002002.x.

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36

Knight, John. "HUMAN CAPITAL IN ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT; EDITORIAL INTRODUCTION." Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics 58, no. 1 (May 1, 2009): 5–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0084.1996.mp58001001.x.

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37

Jovovic, David, Marina Jovovic, and Kristina Cvetkovic. "Venture capital funds impact on economic development." Bizinfo Blace 7, no. 1 (2016): 61–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/bizinfo1601061j.

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38

Szekeres, V. "Foreign Capital and Economic Development in Hungary." Acta Oeconomica 51, no. 3 (October 1, 2001): 363–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/aoecon.51.2000-2001.3.4.

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In economics literature, a number of authors emphasize the need to study both domestic and foreign enterprises in order to properly grasp the effect of foreign direct investment on the local economy. Differences between foreign and domestic enterprises stem from the fact that multinational enterprises operate in a global network extending into many countries, which most certainly exerts influence on all aspects of their production activity. This paper presents a comparative analysis of performance of domestic and three types of foreign enterprises in Hungary. Total-factor pro- ductivity, factor intensity, wages, export intensity, profitability, as well as the effective rate of tax are examined by the combined tools of comparison, regression analysis and Wilcoxon test for data of the whole economy of Hungary. While foreign firms are found to contribute to the revitalization of the economy as far as capital intensity, productivity, export performance and level of wages are concerned, they do not yet seem to produce profitably.

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39

Iyer, Sriya, Michael Kitson, and Bernard Toh. "Social capital, economic growth and regional development." Regional Studies 39, no. 8 (November 2005): 1015–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00343400500327943.

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40

Darvas, Zsolt M., and Andras Simon. "Capital Stock and Economic Development in Hungary." Economics of Transition 8, no. 1 (March 2000): 197–223. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-0351.00041.

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41

Di Maria, Corrado, and Piotr Stryszowski. "Migration, human capital accumulation and economic development." Journal of Development Economics 90, no. 2 (November 2009): 306–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jdeveco.2008.06.008.

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42

Mizushima, Atsue. "Child labor, social capital, and economic development*." Review of Development Economics 25, no. 3 (May 26, 2021): 1648–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/rode.12785.

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43

Aggarwal, Raj. "Foreign Capital and Economic Growth." Foreign Trade Review 23, no. 3 (October 1988): 302–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0015732515880303.

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In the current environment of significant global change, how can declining levels of development aid and private capital inflows be best used to promote economic growth in the developing countries? This question is addressed here and traditional analysis of this topic is complemented by taking a perspective that focuses on the limitations of how development aid and foreign capital inflows are usually allocated. It is suggested here that poor countries can benefit from a greater use of competitive markets to allocate development aid and private capital inflows.

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44

Yan, Yu Xiao. "Technical Analysis on Relationships of Human Capital and Economic Growth." Applied Mechanics and Materials 253-255 (December 2012): 211–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.253-255.211.

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Shanxi province has already made tremendous progress in economics, and human capital development in Shanxi province should be kept as before. This paper attends to analysis that human capital and economic growth is correlated positively in Shanxi province by analysis the data in 30 years before via technical aspect. Improvement per capita level of education, the proportion of higher education, the proportion of secondary and primary education to the population is conducive to economic development. The results of this paper show increasing proportion of the higher education population plays a greater role on economic growth in Shanxi Province.

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Gersbach, Hans, and Lars-H. R. Siemers. "LAND REFORMS AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT." Macroeconomic Dynamics 14, no. 4 (April 7, 2010): 527–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s136510050909049x.

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We examine the nexus between land transfers and human capital formation. A sequence of land redistributions enables the beneficiaries to educate their children and thus to escape from poverty. A successful land reform allows the transition of a society from an agriculture-based state of poverty to a human capital–based developed economy. We find that a temporary state of inequality among the poor is unavoidable. Finally, we discuss the political economy of land reform, whether access to land markets should be allowed for beneficiaries of land reforms, and property rights issues.

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Danielson, Anders, and Godwin Mjema. "Foreign Capital and Economic Growth in Tanzania." African Development Review 6, no. 2 (December 1994): 94–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8268.1994.tb00061.x.

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Azfar, Omar. "The New Institutional Economics Approach to Economic Development: A Discussion of Social, Political, Legal, and Economic Institutions." Pakistan Development Review 45, no. 4II (December 1, 2006): 965–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.30541/v45i4iipp.965-980.

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The last 50 years of development economics have seen hopes for global development raised high and dashed time and again. While there has been positive, sometimes even impressive, growth in many countries, in most of the world experience has not matched expectations. The accumulation of physical capital and human capital, liberalisation and privatisation have all been proposed as the elixirs of growth. While all these arguments have some merit, by themselves they are incomplete solutions to the problem of development. The disappointing performance of the post-Communist transition, the slow growth of the 1970s and 80s in Africa and Latin America, and the Asian financial crisis of the 1990s were all rooted in poor governance. Good governance involves aligning the incentives of agents with the interests of principals in both economic and political spheres. This paper describes some insights from New Institutional Economics on how best to design these incentives.

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Liu, De Jun. "Dynamic System Study on Economic Development and its Causal Feedback Relations in Economic System." Applied Mechanics and Materials 437 (October 2013): 950–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.437.950.

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In order to study the relationship of human capital and economic development, we establish the system dynamics model of human capital and economic development. According to the analysis of the system dynamics causal feedback between human capital and economic development, we build a system dynamics flow chart of human capital and economic development by using system dynamics software Vensim languages and tools, and we simulate the development trend of each index variable in human capital and economic for the future.

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Hanka, Matthew J., and Trent Aaron Engbers. "Social Capital and Economic Development: A Neighborhood Perspective." Journal of Public and Nonprofit Affairs 3, no. 3 (December 1, 2017): 272. http://dx.doi.org/10.20899/jpna.3.3.272-291.

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Sean Safford’s 2009 book Why the Garden Club Couldn’t Save Youngstown introduces a revolutionary idea that much of a community’s economic resilience is tied to the social capital that exists within it. Recent research suggests that social capital not only benefits those who develop it, but it can serve as a source of economic development in the communities in which it arises. Past quantitative research on the economic benefit of social capital has only examined the city or higher levels of aggregation. This study measures social capital in three diverse socioeconomic neighborhoods to better understand how social capital can serve as a tool for economic development. An ordered probit regression model was developed to examine how individual and neighborhood levels of social capital benefit households within these communities. Moreover, this study addresses how differences in social capital across neighborhoods are explained by both individual and neighborhood characteristics.

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Varvarigos, Dimitrios, and Guangyi Xin. "SOCIAL DISTANCE AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT." Macroeconomic Dynamics 24, no. 4 (November 15, 2018): 860–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1365100518000512.

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We show that path dependency in economic development can emerge in a model where social distance affects capital accumulation. This effect works through the impact of social interactions on individuals’ incentives to invest. Social distance evolves intergenerationally, as the process of social interactions with people from different backgrounds generates familiarity and experiences that are bequeathed to the next generation, thus shaping their perceptions and opinions about “outsiders.” A key result is the possibility of alienation among people who belong to different groups, if social distance is above a threshold. The initial conditions with respect to social distance and the capital stock can both be critical in determining the economy’s long-term prospects.

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