Relevant bibliographies by topics / Economic development – Ghana

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Economic development – Ghana'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 4 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Economic development – Ghana"

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Mensah, David Kwasi. "Leadership and Economic Development of Ghana." Journal of Social Science Studies 8, no. 1 (May 2, 2021): 24. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/jsss.v8i1.18590.

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The relationship on leadership quality and its impact on skewed economic development in Ghana have been investigated. This investigation has been carried out in Ghana and its neighbouring countries that attained independence around the same time, under similar pattern of political governance. A comparative analysis is used to differentiate between these countries economic policies and their leadership styles used. It reveals that Ghana remains static and underdeveloped for many years despite changes in leadership and political governance. Evidently, while at the time of their independence, Ghana’s per capital income in 1960 was higher than Nigeria, India and Egypt. Ghana’s development has been sluggish whilst the rest of the countries have accelerated at a faster rate with fantastic economic policies combined with good leadership skills.
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Akudugu, Jonas A. "Institutionalising local economic development practice in Ghana." Local Economy: The Journal of the Local Economy Policy Unit 33, no. 4 (May 11, 2018): 405–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0269094218774250.

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In recent times, the term ‘local economic development’ has been conceptualised and introduced as a bottom-up participatory development strategy in Ghana. It is intended to be implemented at the district level to facilitate the revitalisation of the local economy and create jobs for local residents. Using in-depth interviews and the analysis of relevant policy documents, this paper evaluates efforts aimed at institutionalising the practice in local institutional frameworks and development planning practice in the country. The paper found out that processes aimed at institutionalising contemporary local economic development practice in Ghana are not making any meaningful impact. Institutional frameworks such as the structuring of development policymaking and planning in the country are still rigid and promote bureaucratic top-down development decision-making processes. Similarly, the promotion of a meaningful bottom-up decentralised planning system is only a well-packaged talk by policymakers in the country. Evidence shows that there is a clear lack of political will to implement reforms, particularly the new decentralisation policy that seeks to make District Assemblies in Ghana responsive to local economic development promotion. There is the need for a conscious effort towards making local economic development practice matter in national and local development endeavour in Ghana.
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ALFSEN, KNUT H., TORSTEIN BYE, SOLVEIG GLOMSRØD, and HENRIK WIIG. "Soil degradation and economic development in Ghana." Environment and Development Economics 2, no. 2 (May 1997): 119–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1355770x97000132.

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Soil erosion and soil mining are important environmental problems in many developing countries and may represent a considerable drag on economic development. The cost of soil degradation depends, however, not only on the productivity effects it has on agricultural growth, but also on how the agricultural sectors are linked to the rest of the economy. This article describes an integrated economy–soil-productivity model for Ghana, and through several simulated scenarios we calculate the drag on the Ghanaian economy of soil mining and erosion, and illustrate the effects of different policies aiming at a reduction in these environmental problems.
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Alemna, A. A. "Libraries and the economic development of Ghana." Aslib Proceedings 41, no. 3 (March 1989): 119–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/eb051131.

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Owusu-Nantwi, Victor, and Christopher Erickson. "Public Debt and Economic Growth in Ghana." African Development Review 28, no. 1 (March 2016): 116–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-8268.12174.

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Adu Amoah, Lloyd G., and Kwasi Asante. "Ghana-Korea Economic Relations – The Record after 40 Years and the Future." African and Asian Studies 18, no. 1-2 (March 7, 2019): 6–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15692108-12341414.

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Abstract Over the last sixty years the economic and industrial fortunes of Ghana and Korea have proved worryingly divergent. Though Ghana and South Korea had comparatively similar GDP per capita in the 1960s, South Korea in 20171 ($29,742.839) has been able to attain a GDP per capita that is about ten times that of Ghana ($1,641.487). This work critically examines the economic relationship between Ghana and South Korea in the last forty years. It focuses on the economic miracle of South Korea and the lessons for developing countries like Ghana. The article utilizes economic, historical and policy data drawn from primary and secondary sources in an attempt to examine the economic relations between the two countries thus far and prescribe ways in which Ghana can benefit far more than ever before from her economic co-operation with Korea. The paper argues that for Ghana to benefit from its economic relations with South Korea the ideational example of this East Asian state in constructing a developmental state (DS) is critical. Flowing from this, it is recommended that this West African nation becomes more diligent and innovative in her economic relations with Korea as a matter of strategic necessity in pursuit of Ghana’s long held industrialization dream.
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Ayelazuno (Abembia), Jasper. "Development economics in action: a study of economic policies in Ghana." Canadian Journal of Development Studies/Revue canadienne d'études du développement 33, no. 3 (September 2012): 388–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02255189.2012.707974.

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Owiredu, Alexander, Moses Oppong, and Sandra A. Asomaning. "Macroeconomic Determinants of Stock Market Development in Ghana." International Finance and Banking 3, no. 2 (August 1, 2016): 33. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/ifb.v3i2.9555.

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Financial systems have been found to have a positive influence on the economic development of most countries. The stock market, which is also a component of the financial system is said to play an integral role in economic growth. This paper examines the macroeconomic determinants of stock market development in Ghana for the period 1992 to 2012 using annual secondary data from Bank of Ghana Quarterly Economic Bulletins, Ghana Statistical Service, Ghana Stock Exchange Market Statistics, the World Bank and IMF’s International Financial Statistics. The macroeconomic indicators such as the real income (GDP per capita income), domestic saving, stock market liquidity, financial intermediary growth, macroeconomic stability (inflation) and private capital flows with stock market capitalization used as a proxy for the study were collected and used for the analysis. These variables were examined to establish a relationship with stock market developments based on a linear regression model.The regression analysis found stock market liquidity to be statistically significant to stock market developments as opposed to the other determinants (such as macroeconomic stability (inflation) real income and domestic savings and private capital flows) which were found to be non-significant. This result suggests that macroeconomic stability (inflation), real income, domestic savings and private capital flows proved not to have any significant impact on stock market development, since their regression coefficients were not statically significant at the 5% level of significance.
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Naylor, Rachel. "Women farmers and economic change in northern Ghana." Gender & Development 7, no. 3 (November 1999): 39–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/741923242.

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Ofori-Abebrese, Grace, Robert Becker Pickson, and Benjamin Tsatsu Diabah. "Financial Development and Economic Growth: Additional Evidence from Ghana." Modern Economy 08, no. 02 (2017): 282–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/me.2017.82020.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Economic development – Ghana"

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Pacillo, Grazia. "Market participation, innovation adoption and poverty in rural Ghana." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2016. http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/id/eprint/61392/.

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Agricultural commercialisation via increased market participation and innovation adoption has been widely argued to reduce poverty. However, empirical evidence suggests that both of these are persistently low in developing countries. Recent analyses suggest that different types of transaction costs and social capital may influence both market access and innovation adoption decisions. This thesis investigates these two factors in agricultural commercialisation and poverty reduction. Using data from three GLSS survey rounds, Chapter 1 investigates the determinants of the decision to sell as well as the decision of how much to sell, focusing on the role of transaction costs. The empirical analysis is carried out at household level and for a specific crop (maize). A Heckman two-step model is used to control for self-selection into market participation, using measures of fixed transaction costs as identifier variables. The overall results, although generally consistent with previous literature, show an unexpected positive relationship between remoteness and market participation, which might reflect peculiarities of Ghanaian crop marketing systems. Chapter 3 investigates the relationship between social capital and innovation using primary data on 305 Ghanaian farmers collected during field work in 2012 (described in Chapter 2). The chapter analyses innovation (the decision to adopt, its timing and intensity) at crop level, focusing on a non-traditional cash crop, exotic varieties of mango. The analysis investigates the role of different types of social capital, both in disaggregated and aggregated forms. The results suggest that social capital should not be overlooked in the innovation process, supporting recent evidence that there exists a positive relationship between the “know-who” and adoption dynamics. Finally, Chapter 4 investigates the impact of innovation adoption on objective and subjective measures of poverty. Matching techniques are used to estimate the Average Treatment Effect on the Treated, using primary data. The results show that adoption does not impact objective poverty but it does have a significant positive impact on self-perceived poverty status.
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Alhassan, Amin. "Development communication policy and economic fundamentalism in Ghana /." Finland : Tampere University Press, 2004. http://acta.uta.fi/pdf/951-44-6023-5.pdf.

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Originally presented as author's Thesis (doctoral--University of Tampere, Department of Journalism and Mass Communication).
Includes bibliographical references (p. 223-235). Also available on the Internet. MODE OF ACCESS via web browser by entering the following URL: http://acta.uta.fi/pdf/951-44-6023-5.pdf.
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Dasah, Bernard Zori. "Neoclassical economics and the role of information, communication, and culture in socio-economic development : a case study of the structural adjustment programme in Ghana." Thesis, McGill University, 1999. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=35999.

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For close to two decades the leading international financial organizations, the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund, have imposed their structural adjustment programme on Third World countries, notably in Sub-Saharan African, creating forms of neoclassical financial management at an unsurpassed rate. However, the thesis argues that this approach does not distinguish adequately between policies favourable to the growth and prosperity of developed countries and those pertaining to developing countries in part because the paradigm has an impoverished notion of information, communication, and culture. By fostering this economic paradigm in developing countries, these organizations may, in effect, be imposing an inconsistent model on them in many respects. This thesis explores this conundrum with particular reference to the model's concepts of information, communication, and culture and the consequences of these concepts on the application of the model in Sub-Saharan Africa, specifically in Ghana.
The thesis employs case studies to demonstrate the impact of cultural imperatives on the neoclassical economic concepts of efficiency of competition, trade liberalization, currency devaluation, public expenditure reduction, and privatization promoted by the structural adjustment programme. It suggests that some of the failures of the programme may be ascribed to the great differences between the imperatives of neoclassical economics and the cultural realities of Sub-Saharan Africa.
The thesis takes the position that the incorporation of an understanding of culture and economy similar to that of the communicologists' holistic and wider perspective on economics and economic systems would ameliorate many weaknesses of the structural adjustment programmes of the IMF and the World Bank and enhance the effectiveness of future structural adjustment programmes.
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Masa-ud, Abdul Gafar Abubakar. "Crowding-out Of Household Expenditure By Tobacco In Ghana." Master's thesis, Faculty of Commerce, 2019. https://hdl.handle.net/11427/31620.

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This paper examines whether other expenditure in Ghanaian households is crowded out by expenditure on tobacco over the period under study (2005/2006 and 2012/2013) and whether the magnitude of crowding-out over the period has been changed by the introduction of the tobacco control law in July, 2012. The paper uses household survey data from the Ghana Living Standards Survey in the years 2005/2006 and 2012/2013. A system of quadratic conditional Engel curves was estimated for a set of eleven groups of commodities for both periods. The results show a crowding-out of food, alcohol, clothing and transport and a crowding-in of furnishings, health and communication expenditure by tobacco. The magnitude of crowding-in and crowding-out declined over the period under study. The tobacco control law of 2012 was positively associated with a reduction in the prevalence rate of tobacco use among households, and a reduction in household budget share allocation to tobacco.
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Heirman, Jonas Leo. "The impact of international actors on domestic agricultural policy : a comparison of cocoa and rice in Ghana." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2016. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:980ac41f-a591-4e23-ab16-deb6df121573.

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The global financial and food crisis of 2007 and 2008 was followed by a surge in foreign interest and investment in African agriculture. Renewed global interest in African agriculture was also accompanied by an increase in international efforts to influence domestic agricultural policies, including in Ghana. In the context of an increasingly globalised food regime and integrated commodity markets, this thesis answers the question: to what extent do international actors impact domestic agricultural policies in Ghana? Policy 'impact' is understood as the marked influence that international actors have on policy goals and the resources, institutions, and knowledge used for achieving them. This thesis compares case studies of cocoa and rice policy over two different periods in Ghana's recent history (1983-1995 and 2003-2012) to understand how international actors use their power and resources to impact agricultural policies. The comparison of cocoa and rice policy is used to address two gaps in existing literature by examining how the impact of international actors relates to: 1) the political economy for a specific crop; and 2) the interaction between actors at international, national and local levels. Findings from the comparative analysis are then used to test existing theories for how international actors influence government policy in Africa more generally. In particular, findings provide new insights into how the impact of international actors on African agricultural policies is strongly associated with the effect of policy decisions on the longer-term political economy for a particular crop.
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Lain, Jonathan. "Essays on self-employment in Africa." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2015. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:8fe67edf-8aac-4de2-b6cd-e60115a95788.

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Informal sectors in developing countries provide a substantial pool of jobs for some of the world's poorest people. Self-employment comprises a large portion of the job opportunities available to individuals working in these sectors. This thesis is concerned with the factors that drive people to become self-employed and determine their welfare as an entrepreneur, with a special emphasis on differences between women and men. In Chapter 1, we explain the Ghanaian context to which this thesis relates and outline the contribution of each main chapter and the common themes. In Chapters 2 and 3, we examine the trade-off between domestic work, such as caring for children and household chores, and market work. In Chapter 2, we consider the extent to which individuals are able to substitute between these two tasks to adjust to short-run variation in domestic productivity brought about by outages in electricity. We find that self-employed workers adjust non-monotonically to changes in domestic productivity, initially increasing their levels of domestic work to preserve consumption levels, but then substituting towards market work when power outages become more severe. We show that this relationship is heterogeneous by sex, and build a model of time allocation to demonstrate the theoretical mechanisms behind these results. In Chapter 3 we examine whether the factors that drive occupational selection differ by sex. It is often argued that women choose jobs in self-employment because this allows them to balance income-generation with childcare and other domestic work. We test the plausibility of this claim and its implications for labour market outcomes. First, we use a simple model of occupational choice to clarify our ideas about which notions of 'job flexibility' are important for the Ghanaian context. Second, we examine whether differential selection forces between women and men may explain the raw sex earnings gaps that appear to persist in various sectors, using a multinomial logit model to adjust for non-random occupational selection. We find that controlling for selection substantially widens the earnings gap amongst the self-employed, but shrinks it for the wage-employed. Third, we interrogate our selection equations and show that domestic obligations increase women's likelihood of entering low-input self-employment jobs more than men. We assess the importance of endogeneity using a maximum simulated likelihood estimator to couch the idea that selection on observables can be used as a guide for selection on unobservables, focussing on the discrete choice made over occupation. In Chapter 4, we turn to theory to try and resolve some of the empirical puzzles that remain from Chapter 3. In particular, we attempt to reconcile the fact that female participation in self-employment is so high even when the average differences in potential earnings are large. To do this, we construct a search model, which allows for individual heterogeneity and participation in both self- and wage-employment, as well as discrimination against female workers in the wage sector. We numerically solve and simulate this model, using calibrations from the existing literature, to explain a set of stylised facts generated from a longitudinal dataset of workers in urban Ghana. We show that wage sector discrimination leads to average earnings gaps in \emph{all} sectors of the economy, even if the underlying ability distribution is the same for both sexes. We also conduct a series of experiments to examine how women and men may be affected differently by government policy. Finally, in Chapter 5 we connect our main findings to policy and make some suggestions for future work.
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Oppong, Adwoa Dufie. "Financial Development and Economic Growth : An empirical investigation of this nuexus in Ghana." Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Institutionen för samhällsvetenskaper, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-18872.

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This paper examines the relationaship between financial development and economic growth in ghana. This is done using time series econometric procedures by employing four proxy of financial development and applying granger causality test, cointegrating test, vector error correction model. The empirical results show that the direction of causalty is sensitive to the choice of proxy. It was discovered that finance follows in the direction of economic growth but doesnt necessarily lead to it. The empirical cointegration results weakly supprt long run relationship between financial development and economic growth.
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Assibey-Mensah, George O. "Budgetary practices as instruments of economic development in the Third World : an evaluational case study of Ghana's budgetary practices /." Diss., This resource online, 1993. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-08032007-102240/.

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Arku, Godwin Harris Richard S. "The evolution of ideas about the relationship between housing and economic development: Ghanaian policy in an international context, 1945--2000 /." *McMaster only, 2004.

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Yartey, Charles Amo. "Stock market development, corporate finance, and economic growth in Africa : the case of Ghana." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.614030.

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Books on the topic "Economic development – Ghana"

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Bonna, Okyere. Ghana: Conversation and development. Bloomington, IN: AuthorHouse, 2009.

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Dordunoo, Cletus K. Ghana: Monetary targeting and economic development. Nairobi: African Economic Research Consortium, 1998.

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University of Ghana. Centre for Migration Studies, ed. Migration and economic development in Ghana. [Accra]: Published for the Centre for Migration Studies, University of Ghana by Woeli Pub. Services, 2010.

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Andoh, Samuel K., Bernice J. deGannes Scott, and Grace Ofori-Abebrese. Economic Development in Ghana and Malaysia. 1 Edition. | New York : Routledge, 2020. | Series: Routledge explorations in development studies: Routledge, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781351047289.

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Pereira, Leite Sérgio, ed. Ghana: Economic development in a democratic environment. Washington, DC: International Monetary Fund, 2000.

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Harnack, Joachim, Sérgio Leite, Stefania Fabrizio, L. Zanforlin, Girma Begashaw, and Anthony Pellechio. Ghana: Economic Development in a Democratic Environment. Washington, D.C.: International Monetary Fund, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.5089/9781557759603.084.

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Sciences, Ghana Academy of Arts and. Some crucial development issues facing Ghana. Accra, Ghana: Ghana Academy of Arts and Sciences, 2006.

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Antwi, Moses K. Education, society, and development in Ghana. Accra-North: Unimax, 1992.

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Development economics in action: A study of economic policies in Ghana. 2nd ed. New York, NY: Routledge, 2010.

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Vehnämäki, Mika. Political elite's ideology, economic policy and regional economic development in Ghana. [Helsinki]: Helsinki School of Economics and Business Administration, 1999.

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Book chapters on the topic "Economic development – Ghana"

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Andoh, Samuel K., Bernice J. deGannes Scott, and Grace Ofori-Abebrese. "Ghana and Malaysia." In Economic Development in Ghana and Malaysia, 16–45. 1 Edition. | New York : Routledge, 2020. | Series: Routledge explorations in development studies: Routledge, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781351047289-2.

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Andoh, Samuel K., Bernice J. deGannes Scott, and Grace Ofori-Abebrese. "Economic growth and development theories." In Economic Development in Ghana and Malaysia, 46–66. 1 Edition. | New York : Routledge, 2020. | Series: Routledge explorations in development studies: Routledge, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781351047289-3.

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Andoh, Samuel K., Bernice J. deGannes Scott, and Grace Ofori-Abebrese. "Determinants of economic growth in Ghana." In Economic Development in Ghana and Malaysia, 67–79. 1 Edition. | New York : Routledge, 2020. | Series: Routledge explorations in development studies: Routledge, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781351047289-4.

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Andoh, Samuel K., Bernice J. deGannes Scott, and Grace Ofori-Abebrese. "Determinants of economic growth in Malaysia." In Economic Development in Ghana and Malaysia, 80–93. 1 Edition. | New York : Routledge, 2020. | Series: Routledge explorations in development studies: Routledge, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781351047289-5.

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Andoh, Samuel K., Bernice J. deGannes Scott, and Grace Ofori-Abebrese. "Introduction." In Economic Development in Ghana and Malaysia, 1–15. 1 Edition. | New York : Routledge, 2020. | Series: Routledge explorations in development studies: Routledge, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781351047289-1.

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Andoh, Samuel K., Bernice J. deGannes Scott, and Grace Ofori-Abebrese. "Summary, recommendations, and conclusions." In Economic Development in Ghana and Malaysia, 94–105. 1 Edition. | New York : Routledge, 2020. | Series: Routledge explorations in development studies: Routledge, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781351047289-6.

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Awortwe-Abban, Jerome Rudolf. "Auto Mechanics and Business Practices in Ghana." In Local Governance, Economic Development and Institutions, 313–24. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137557599_17.

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Guyo, Fatuma Boru. "Making democracy and development work in Kenya." In The Politics of Economic Reform in Ghana, 173–90. New York, NY : Routledge, 2019. | Series: Routledge studies on the political economy of Africa ; 4: Routledge, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781351018982-11.

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Brobbey, Collins Adu-Bempah. "Democratization and Legitimization of Xenophobia in Ghana." In Advances in African Economic, Social and Political Development, 69–79. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-64897-2_6.

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Dekanozishvili, Mariam. "EU as a democratic and development partner in Ghana." In The Politics of Economic Reform in Ghana, 67–80. New York, NY : Routledge, 2019. | Series: Routledge studies on the political economy of Africa ; 4: Routledge, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781351018982-4.

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Conference papers on the topic "Economic development – Ghana"

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Yorgri, Eunice, and Leng Hong. "The Role of Urban Slums in the Evolution of Megacities: A case of Nima and Old Fadama, Accra, Ghana." In 55th ISOCARP World Planning Congress, Beyond Metropolis, Jakarta-Bogor, Indonesia. ISOCARP, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.47472/qjky2743.

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Urban areas are contributing unprecedentedly in modelling the social, cultural, economic, environmental and physical development of the globe as they are perceived as basket of opportunities to the poor. This phenomenon has undoubtedly resulted in the influx of poor migrants particularly in the global south and consequently causing the proliferation of slums. This is indirectly influencing the growth of megacities due to increasing population amidst limited infrastructure. So far, limited research has been conducted into the role of poor rural migrants in contributing to the growth of megacities. The study also attempted to propose sustainable planning strategies in guiding future urban planning. The case study used both primary and secondary data collection methods. In all, 304 questionnaires were administered in April 2017 (Nima=146 and Old Fadama=158). From the study, 46% of the respondents in Nima hail from the Northern part of Ghana and 14% from the Volta Region. On the other hand, 49% of the respondents in Old Fadama come from the Northern part of Ghana and 22% from the Volta Region. Both Nima and Old Fadama have high figures on migrant population which means a fair contribution to the growth of Accra as a megacity. Therefore, spatial equality through a comprehensive, integrated and universal national development(UND) covering all sectors should be employed. Also, economic opportunities upgrading which is essential for slum and rural communities in Ghana should be considered. Further research on how cities in Ghana are planning towards becoming megacities is prudent.
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Sah, Genesis Gyasi. "Impact of working capital management on the profitability of smes through cash operation cycles in Kumasi." In The Challenges of Analyzing Social and Economic Processes in the 21st Century. Szeged: Szegedi Tudományegyetem Gazdaságtudományi Kar, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.14232/casep21c.8.

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A business ought to be able to breed an adequate amount of cash and cash equivalent to meet its short-term liabilities if it is to carry on and develop in business. For that reason, working capital management which helps an entity to, efficiently and effectively manage current assets and liabilities is a key factor in the company’s long-term success; without working capital, the non- current assets will not function. The better the degree to which current assets exceed current liability, the more solvent or liquid a company is likely to be. This paper observes the relationship between working capital management practices of small and medium enterprises (SMEs) and the performance and profitability of these businesses in the Kumasi Metropolis distinctively Asafo, to evaluate key ratios of industries of such working capital management policies in ensuring that current assets meets current liabilities, to assess the degree to which management of SMEs are dedicated to the effective and efficient management of working capital. The implication of the findings is that the government of Ghana should pursue policies aimed at encouraging training and improving the managerial skills of SME owner/managers as well as creating the enabling environment for the development of improved modern technologies to transform the business processes of these vital industries.
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Paul, Simon, Kadija Dyall, and Quinn Gabriel. "An Independent Analysis of the Performance Characteristics and Economic Outcomes of the Liza Phase 1 Development Offshore Guyana Using Public Domain Data." In SPE Trinidad and Tobago Section Energy Resources Conference. SPE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/200951-ms.

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Abstract An attempt was made to independently verify the proposed performance of the Liza 1 field using only data available in the public domain. The data used in modelling was sourced from news reports, company disclosures and the analogue Jubilee field in Ghana. Reservoir rock and fluid data from Jubilee Field was deemed an appropriate fit because of the corroboration provided by the Atlantic Drift Theory. A major challenge in creating the model, was determining the aerial extent of the field. According to Yang and Escalona (2011), the subsurface can be reasonably approximated using the surface topography which is possible via the use of GIS software. Google Earth Pro software was used to estimate the coordinates and areal extent of the Liza 1 reservoir. A scaled image of the field location showing the Guyana coastline was re-sized to fit the coastline in Google Pro and then the coordinates for the Liza field and wildcat well locations were estimated. This was used to create the isopach map and set reservoir boundaries to create the static and dynamic models in Schlumberger's Petrel E & P Software Platform (2017) and Computer Modelling Group IMEX Black Oil and Unconventional Simulator CMG IMEX (2016). The initialized model investigated the reservoir performance with and without pressure maintenance over a twenty (20) year period. The original oil in place (OOIP) estimated by the model was 7% larger than the OOIP estimated by ExxonMobil for Liza field. The model produced 35% of the OOIP compared to 50% of OOIP as forecasted by the operators. (See Table 1). The factors that strongly influenced this outcome were, the well positioning and the water injection rates. A significant percentage of the oil remained unproduced in the lower layers of the model after the 20-year period. Time did not permit further modelling to improve the performance of the model. Table 1 Comparison of The Created Model and ExxonMobil's Proposal for Liza. Property ExxonMobil's statement on Liza field Modelled field Result Original Oil in Place (MMbbl) 896 967 Oil Recovery Factor (%) 50 35 Gas production from the model would be used as gas injection from three injector wells and as fuel for the proposed 200 MW power plant for Guyana. Even so, significant volumes of natural gas remained unallocated and subsequently a valuable resource may have to be flared.
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4

Heard, R. G. "The Ultimate Solution: Disposal of Disused Sealed Radioactive Sources (DSRS)." In ASME 2010 13th International Conference on Environmental Remediation and Radioactive Waste Management. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2010-40029.

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The borehole disposal concept (BDC) was first presented to ICEM by Potier, J-M in 2005 [1]. This paper repeats the basics introduced by Potier and relates further developments. It also documents the history of the development of the BDC. For countries with no access to existing or planned geological disposal facilities for radioactive wastes, the only options for managing high activity or long-lived disused radioactive sources are to store them indefinitely, return them to the supplier or find an alternative method of disposal. Disused sealed radioactive sources (DSRS) pose an unacceptable radiological and security risk if not properly managed. Out of control sources have already led to many high-profile incidents or accidents. One needs only to remember the recent accident in India that occurred earlier this year. Countries without solutions in place need to consider the future management of DSRSs urgently. An on-going problem in developing countries is what to do with sources that cannot be returned to the suppliers, sources for which there is no further use, sources that have not been maintained in a working condition and sources that are no longer suitable for their intended purpose. Disposal in boreholes is intended to be simple and effective, meeting the same high standards of long-term radiological safety as any other type of radioactive waste disposal. It is believed that the BDC can be readily deployed with simple, cost-effective technologies. These are appropriate both to the relatively small amounts and activities of the wastes and the resources that can realistically be found in developing countries. The South African Nuclear Energy Corporation Ltd (Necsa) has carried out project development and demonstration activities since 1996. The project looked into the technical feasibility, safety and economic viability of BDC under the social, economic, environmental and infrastructural conditions currently prevalent in Africa. Implementation is near at hand with work being done in Ghana with support from the IAEA. Here the site selection is complete and studies are being carried out to test the site parameters for inclusion into the safety assessment.
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Morgan, Theresa Ahima, and Dr Riverson Riverson Oppong. "An Assessment of Opportunities and Challenges of Natural Gas Utilization in Ghana." In SPE Nigeria Annual International Conference and Exhibition. SPE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/207173-ms.

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Abstract This study aims to contribute to industry discussion on gas utilization opportunities available to Ghana. Specifically, it will analyze Ghana's existing natural gas plans. i.e., the Gas Master Plan analyze possible opportunities and associated challenges and finally propose sources of finance for gas sector projects. In order to discover opportunities of natural gas utilization as well as challenges that come in the course of implementation, data was sourced from secondary sources as well. Benchmarking was also done using the natural gas journeys of three (3) case study countries: Nigeria, China, and the United Kingdom and a comparative analysis compared their natural gas journeys in terms of policy direction, natural gas utilization, infrastructure development and challenges encountered vis a vis the natural gas journey of Ghana. The analysis showed that various opportunities existed for natural gas utilization in the areas of industrial power generation, LNG export, CNG, Fertilizer and bauxite production. Various challenges such as lack of human and technical capacity, sector debt, regulatory issues, pricing issues, security of supply and others plagued most natural gas economies. These findings suggest that an ‘armory’ of opportunities exist for natural gas utilization in Ghana. However, the implementation of these utilization options is contingent on the development of proper policy instruments and extensive investment in infrastructure. The country should also be conscious of bottlenecks that may hinder natural gas utilization efforts.
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Cyders, Timothy, and Gregory G. Kremer. "Engineering Around the World: Driving Local Economics in Africa With Human Power." In ASME 2008 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2008-67696.

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Engineering projects are a major proponent of development in impoverished areas throughout the world. Designers face difficulties when working on projects for unfamiliar cultures and infrastructure, from problem and constraint definition to final technology transfer. Through a design project and implementation trip, this study will examine the design process as it spans borders, cultures and languages, identifying key steps and methods in the process necessary for the success of such projects. One major problem many rural communities in developing nations experience is a lack of transportation infrastructure. Forms of transport common throughout the rest of the world are, in many cases, neither economically feasible nor locally sustainable. To establish basic infrastructure, a sustainable, affordable method of transporting goods and services is essential. This research project fulfilled this need by designing an appropriate local transportation solution, a human-powered utility vehicle (HPUV). To properly understand the problem, the researcher traveled to two different rural locations in Sub-Saharan Africa (Maase-Offinso, Ghana and Me`ri, Cameroon) on four different trips to gather information and customer input for the design of the HPUV. A final implementation involved traveling to Me`ri, Cameroon for three months during which one design prototype was built, tested and reviewed by local farmers and other end-users. The vehicle was tested quantitatively against metrics and specifications derived from initial assessment trips, as well as qualitatively through customer feedback. This direct feedback provides insight into the effectiveness of the machine and the design process followed, as well as identification of possible revisions to enhance the design’s value to those who need it. The design drawings and manufacturing plan are public-domain, and local mechanics in the village were taught the basic skills needed to produce the vehicle. The drawings and manufacturing plan were also presented to a local NGO capable of producing the vehicle using local labor.
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Reports on the topic "Economic development – Ghana"

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Research Institute (IFPRI), International Food Policy. Economic development and nutrition transition in Ghana: Taking stock of food consumption patterns and trends. Washington, DC: International Food Policy Research Institute, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2499/9780896295933_04.

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S. Abdellatif, Omar. Localizing Human Rights SDGs: Ghana in context. Raisina House, June 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.52008/gh2021sdg.

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In September 2015, Ghana along all UN member states endorsed the Agenda 2030 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) as the cardinal agenda towards achieving a prosperous global future. The SDGs are strongly interdependent, making progress in all goals essential for a country’s achievement of sustainable development. While Ghana and other West African nations have exhibited significant economic and democratic development post-independence. The judiciary system and related legal frameworks, as well as the lack of rule law and political will for safeguarding the human rights of its citizens, falls short of considering violations against minorities. Will Ghana be able to localize human rights related SDGs, given that West African governments historically tended to promote internal security and stability at the expense of universal human rights? This paper focuses on evaluating the commitments made by Ghana towards achieving Agenda 2030, with a particular focus on the SDGs 10 and 16 relating to the promotion of reduced inequalities, peace, justice and accountable institutions. Moreover, this paper also analyzes legal instruments and state laws put in place post Ghana’s democratization in 1992 for the purpose of preventing discrimination and human rights violations in the nation. The article aims to highlight how Ghana’s post-independence political experience, the lack of rule of law, flaws in the judiciary system, and the weak public access to justice are obstacles to its effective localization of human rights SGDs. Those obstacles to Ghana’s compliance with SDGs 10 and 16 are outlined in this paper through a consideration of human rights violations faced by the Ghanaian Muslim and HIV minorities, poor prison conditions, limited public access to justice and the country’s failure to commit to international treaties on human rights. Keywords: Ghana, human rights, rule of law, security, Agenda 2030
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van den Boogaard, Vanessa, Wilson Prichard, Rachel Beach, and Fariya Mohiuddin. Strengthening Tax-Accountability Links: Fiscal Transparency and Taxpayer Engagement in Ghana and Sierra Leone. Institute of Development Studies, November 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/ictd.2020.002.

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There is increasingly strong evidence that taxation can contribute to expanded government responsiveness and accountability. However, such positive connections are not guaranteed. Rather, they are shaped by the political and economic context and specific policies adopted by governments and civil society actors. Without an environment that enables tax bargaining, there is a risk that taxation will amount to little more than forceful extraction. We consider how such enabling environments may be fostered through two mixed methods case studies of tax transparency and taxpayer engagement in Sierra Leone and Ghana. We highlight two key sets of findings. First, tax transparency is only meaningful if it is accessible and easily understood by taxpayers and relates to their everyday experiences and priorities. In particular, we find that taxpayers do not just want basic information about tax obligations or aggregate revenue collected, but information about how much revenue should have been collected and how revenues were spent. At the same time, taxpayers do not want information to be shared with them through a one-way form of communication, but rather want to have spaces for dialogue and interaction with tax and government officials, including through public meetings and radio call-in programmes. Second, strategies to encourage taxpayer engagement are more likely to be effective where forums for engagement are perceived by taxpayers to be safe, secure, and sincere means through which to engage with government officials. This has been most successful where governments have visibly demonstrated responsiveness to citizen concerns, even on a small scale, while partnering with civil society to foster trust, dialogue and expanded knowledge. These findings have significant implications for how governments design taxpayer education and engagement programmes and how civil society actors and development partners can support more equitable and accountable tax systems. Our findings provide concrete lessons for how governments can ensure that information shared with taxpayers is meaningful and accessible. Moreover, we show that civil society actors can play important roles as translators of tax information, enablers of public forums and dialogues around tax issues, and trainers of taxpayers, supporting greater tax literacy and sustained citizen engagement.
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African Open Science Platform Part 1: Landscape Study. Academy of Science of South Africa (ASSAf), 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/assaf.2019/0047.

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This report maps the African landscape of Open Science – with a focus on Open Data as a sub-set of Open Science. Data to inform the landscape study were collected through a variety of methods, including surveys, desk research, engagement with a community of practice, networking with stakeholders, participation in conferences, case study presentations, and workshops hosted. Although the majority of African countries (35 of 54) demonstrates commitment to science through its investment in research and development (R&D), academies of science, ministries of science and technology, policies, recognition of research, and participation in the Science Granting Councils Initiative (SGCI), the following countries demonstrate the highest commitment and political willingness to invest in science: Botswana, Ethiopia, Kenya, Senegal, South Africa, Tanzania, and Uganda. In addition to existing policies in Science, Technology and Innovation (STI), the following countries have made progress towards Open Data policies: Botswana, Kenya, Madagascar, Mauritius, South Africa and Uganda. Only two African countries (Kenya and South Africa) at this stage contribute 0.8% of its GDP (Gross Domestic Product) to R&D (Research and Development), which is the closest to the AU’s (African Union’s) suggested 1%. Countries such as Lesotho and Madagascar ranked as 0%, while the R&D expenditure for 24 African countries is unknown. In addition to this, science globally has become fully dependent on stable ICT (Information and Communication Technologies) infrastructure, which includes connectivity/bandwidth, high performance computing facilities and data services. This is especially applicable since countries globally are finding themselves in the midst of the 4th Industrial Revolution (4IR), which is not only “about” data, but which “is” data. According to an article1 by Alan Marcus (2015) (Senior Director, Head of Information Technology and Telecommunications Industries, World Economic Forum), “At its core, data represents a post-industrial opportunity. Its uses have unprecedented complexity, velocity and global reach. As digital communications become ubiquitous, data will rule in a world where nearly everyone and everything is connected in real time. That will require a highly reliable, secure and available infrastructure at its core, and innovation at the edge.” Every industry is affected as part of this revolution – also science. An important component of the digital transformation is “trust” – people must be able to trust that governments and all other industries (including the science sector), adequately handle and protect their data. This requires accountability on a global level, and digital industries must embrace the change and go for a higher standard of protection. “This will reassure consumers and citizens, benefitting the whole digital economy”, says Marcus. A stable and secure information and communication technologies (ICT) infrastructure – currently provided by the National Research and Education Networks (NRENs) – is key to advance collaboration in science. The AfricaConnect2 project (AfricaConnect (2012–2014) and AfricaConnect2 (2016–2018)) through establishing connectivity between National Research and Education Networks (NRENs), is planning to roll out AfricaConnect3 by the end of 2019. The concern however is that selected African governments (with the exception of a few countries such as South Africa, Mozambique, Ethiopia and others) have low awareness of the impact the Internet has today on all societal levels, how much ICT (and the 4th Industrial Revolution) have affected research, and the added value an NREN can bring to higher education and research in addressing the respective needs, which is far more complex than simply providing connectivity. Apart from more commitment and investment in R&D, African governments – to become and remain part of the 4th Industrial Revolution – have no option other than to acknowledge and commit to the role NRENs play in advancing science towards addressing the SDG (Sustainable Development Goals). For successful collaboration and direction, it is fundamental that policies within one country are aligned with one another. Alignment on continental level is crucial for the future Pan-African African Open Science Platform to be successful. Both the HIPSSA ((Harmonization of ICT Policies in Sub-Saharan Africa)3 project and WATRA (the West Africa Telecommunications Regulators Assembly)4, have made progress towards the regulation of the telecom sector, and in particular of bottlenecks which curb the development of competition among ISPs. A study under HIPSSA identified potential bottlenecks in access at an affordable price to the international capacity of submarine cables and suggested means and tools used by regulators to remedy them. Work on the recommended measures and making them operational continues in collaboration with WATRA. In addition to sufficient bandwidth and connectivity, high-performance computing facilities and services in support of data sharing are also required. The South African National Integrated Cyberinfrastructure System5 (NICIS) has made great progress in planning and setting up a cyberinfrastructure ecosystem in support of collaborative science and data sharing. The regional Southern African Development Community6 (SADC) Cyber-infrastructure Framework provides a valuable roadmap towards high-speed Internet, developing human capacity and skills in ICT technologies, high- performance computing and more. The following countries have been identified as having high-performance computing facilities, some as a result of the Square Kilometre Array7 (SKA) partnership: Botswana, Ghana, Kenya, Madagascar, Mozambique, Mauritius, Namibia, South Africa, Tunisia, and Zambia. More and more NRENs – especially the Level 6 NRENs 8 (Algeria, Egypt, Kenya, South Africa, and recently Zambia) – are exploring offering additional services; also in support of data sharing and transfer. The following NRENs already allow for running data-intensive applications and sharing of high-end computing assets, bio-modelling and computation on high-performance/ supercomputers: KENET (Kenya), TENET (South Africa), RENU (Uganda), ZAMREN (Zambia), EUN (Egypt) and ARN (Algeria). Fifteen higher education training institutions from eight African countries (Botswana, Benin, Kenya, Nigeria, Rwanda, South Africa, Sudan, and Tanzania) have been identified as offering formal courses on data science. In addition to formal degrees, a number of international short courses have been developed and free international online courses are also available as an option to build capacity and integrate as part of curricula. The small number of higher education or research intensive institutions offering data science is however insufficient, and there is a desperate need for more training in data science. The CODATA-RDA Schools of Research Data Science aim at addressing the continental need for foundational data skills across all disciplines, along with training conducted by The Carpentries 9 programme (specifically Data Carpentry 10 ). Thus far, CODATA-RDA schools in collaboration with AOSP, integrating content from Data Carpentry, were presented in Rwanda (in 2018), and during17-29 June 2019, in Ethiopia. Awareness regarding Open Science (including Open Data) is evident through the 12 Open Science-related Open Access/Open Data/Open Science declarations and agreements endorsed or signed by African governments; 200 Open Access journals from Africa registered on the Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ); 174 Open Access institutional research repositories registered on openDOAR (Directory of Open Access Repositories); 33 Open Access/Open Science policies registered on ROARMAP (Registry of Open Access Repository Mandates and Policies); 24 data repositories registered with the Registry of Data Repositories (re3data.org) (although the pilot project identified 66 research data repositories); and one data repository assigned the CoreTrustSeal. Although this is a start, far more needs to be done to align African data curation and research practices with global standards. Funding to conduct research remains a challenge. African researchers mostly fund their own research, and there are little incentives for them to make their research and accompanying data sets openly accessible. Funding and peer recognition, along with an enabling research environment conducive for research, are regarded as major incentives. The landscape report concludes with a number of concerns towards sharing research data openly, as well as challenges in terms of Open Data policy, ICT infrastructure supportive of data sharing, capacity building, lack of skills, and the need for incentives. Although great progress has been made in terms of Open Science and Open Data practices, more awareness needs to be created and further advocacy efforts are required for buy-in from African governments. A federated African Open Science Platform (AOSP) will not only encourage more collaboration among researchers in addressing the SDGs, but it will also benefit the many stakeholders identified as part of the pilot phase. The time is now, for governments in Africa, to acknowledge the important role of science in general, but specifically Open Science and Open Data, through developing and aligning the relevant policies, investing in an ICT infrastructure conducive for data sharing through committing funding to making NRENs financially sustainable, incentivising open research practices by scientists, and creating opportunities for more scientists and stakeholders across all disciplines to be trained in data management.
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