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1
Budiakova, Olena. "Regional problems of economic development." Thesis, Книжкове видавництво ФОП Вишемирський В. С, 2021. https://er.knutd.edu.ua/handle/123456789/19414.
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The key role in the development of the regional economy is played by the ratio between consumption and accumulation, which is one of the most important general economic proportions of social reproduction. Consequently, the main theoretical premise in solving the problem of social reproduction is the possibility and necessity of combining taking into account the features of the first and second approaches, or imparting the main (dominant) one of them.
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Kovalenko. "UKRAINIAN ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT: MODERN PROBLEMS." Thesis, Київ 2018, 2018. http://er.nau.edu.ua/handle/NAU/33769.
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Smith, David Matthew. "The Channel Tunnel rail link : opportunities and problems for regional economic development." Thesis, University of Plymouth, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/10026.1/1734.
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The regional economic impact of the Channel Tunnel has engendered much public and private sector interest. Previous studies examining the regional implications of the Tunnel have argued that related development pressures will be largely confined to South East England, further widening the "North-South" divide. Economic Potential Analysis was earlier employed by Clark el. al. (1969) and Keeble et. al. (1982a) to model the geographical impact of the Tunnel on the relative accessibility of the UK regions. The conclusions drawn from these studies support the proposition that the South East would gain at the expense of the more peripheral regions. However, the important implications of a rail-only Tunnel have yet to be modelled. The results of the present study show that opportunities created by the Tunnel could be spread more evenly than had previously been predicted. However, following a review of the legislative and policy environment of the Tunnel and related infrastructure, it is argued that as a result of British Government inaction the more peripheral UK regions are likely to be unable to maximise any potential benefits created. Nonetheless, the overall regional economic impact of the Tunnel will depend ultimately on the reactions of the business community (Pieda 1989a&b). The findings of a questionnaire survey carried out for this thesis reveal a considerable degree of similarity in perceptions and anticipated usage of the Tunnel for companies in the South East and South West, including the "Far South West". If this similarity is apparent after the Tunnel opens, the regional economic structure of the UK might only be marginally affected.
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Massum, Е. Е. "Economic problems of tourism industry development during the Covid-19 pandemic." Thesis, Класичний приватний університет, 2021. https://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/86279.
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The purpose of this study is to concentrate on the problems facing tourism industries and all its branches
also how can we overcome these problems? We are going to go through most of the issues affecting tourism
industry worldwide but especially in Africa and Tanzania.
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TerMaat, Richard J. "Community empowerment through economic development." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 1995. http://www.tren.com.
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Magawana, Xolisa Tania. "The impact of social grants on poverty reduction." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1020106.
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The South African government implements numerous strategies with the aim of reducing poverty. The social grant system is one of these. Social grants are aimed at reducing poverty as well as income inequality. Considering the growing number of social grant beneficiaries, people often question whether these grants reduce poverty and, if they do, whether they are effective.This treatise investigates the impact of social grants in poverty reduction. In order to investigate this, the researcher used the Tshwane Metropolitan Municipality, Gauteng Province, as a study area. This study examines the different views of social grants beneficiaries, and the importance of prioritisation when using this unearned money. It alsoinvestigates the role played by the heads of household and shows how beneficiaries’ locations can influence the use of unearned income. Social grants dispense little money, but the researcher discovered that the responsibility of spending and allocating the money lies with the head of household. The descriptive statists show that social grants have created dependency and that families require exit strategies to stop depending entirely on these grants. Findings from the correlation matrix show both positive and negative correlations. Finally, the study has identified the need for an integrated strategy that will not only provide income, but that will also improve the lives of South Africans.
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Bwalya, Musonda. "A Theological-ethical framework for economic development the case of Zambia /." Pretoria : [s.n.], 2001. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-09262005-235003.
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Грушенко, Вікторія, and Viktoriia Hrushenko. "Global problems of the world economy." Thesis, Національний авіаційний університет, 2020. http://er.nau.edu.ua/handle/NAU/43563.
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The global economic system is rapidly evolving according to major trends: globalization, regionalization, integration, disproportionate processes and international labor migration. The development of the world economic system is ongoing the impact of global problems, the emergence of which are the consequences of globalization world economy.
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Malunga, Portia. "Social entrepreneurs as architects of community development in Cape Town : problems and prospects." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/2613.
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Thesis (MTech (Entrepreneurship))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2017.Background and research problem: There have been claims in academic literature that social entrepreneurs, such as non-profit organisations and hybrid organisations that pursue social outcomes are architects or innovators of community development. However to date, there is no conclusive empirical evidence to support that claim. Main purpose of the study: The main purpose of this study was to gain an understanding of the opportunities created by social entrepreneurs, as architects of community development, in communities they operate; identify the main challenges that the social entrepreneurs face and come up with recommendations of how social entrepreneurs can deal with these challenges. For the purpose of the study, the focus was on communities especially those ravaged by various social ills. Research methodology: A mixed method approach was adopted as the study was underpinned by two paradigms namely, positivist and interpretivist philosophies. The survey strategy was used in conducting the inquiry. Data was collected using semi-structured questionnaires which were self-administered to 150 community members selected randomly. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 20 respondents. Computer aided statistical method was used to analyse quantitative data while qualitative data was analysed using noncomputer aided thematic techniques. Main findings, conclusions and recommendations: The study found that the majority of social entrepreneurs studied have been making positive contributions to various aspects of community development. However, none of them has embraced the whole range of community development aspects that are needed for a holistic approach to comprehensive contribution. Reasons for failure to embrace a holistic approach include a lack of social entrepreneurship development framework, and various operational and political challenges. It is also important to mention that the research techniques used are not adequate to measure certain types of social impacts of the social entrepreneur's efforts. For these, additional social impact measuring techniques would need to be developed and employed.
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Ільяшенко, Анастасія, and Anastasiia Ilyashenko. "Global challenges in the system of international economic relations." Thesis, Національний авіаційний університет, 2020. http://er.nau.edu.ua/handle/NAU/43560.
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Abstracts are devoted to the study of global challenges of the 21st century. Now, the question arises of international cooperation and interaction in times of crisis that affect the economic capacity of individual countries, regions and the whole world. It would seem that under the influence of globalization processes all the countries of the world should establish channels of cooperation and become competitive. But since 2020, there has been an increasing need for new solutions to global problems and for new approaches to deal with critical situations.
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Кіріл'єва, А. В., Ірина Миколаївна Сотник, Ирина Николаевна Сотник, and Iryna Mykolaivna Sotnyk. "Electric car market: problems and prospects of development." Thesis, Teadmus OÜ, 2021. https://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/84259.
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Проаналізовано динаміку розвитку світового ринку електромобілів. Визначено переваги і недоліки електротранспорту. Проаналізовано механізми економічного стимулювання розвитку ринку електромобілів у різних країнах світу на перспективу.Проанализирована динамика развития мирового рынка электромобилей. Определены преимущества и недостатки электротранспорта. Проанализированы механизмы экономического стимулирования развития рынка электромобилей в разных странах мира на перспективу.
The dynamics of the electric cars world market development is analyzed. The advantages and disadvantages of electric vehicles are identified. The mechanisms of economic stimulation of the electric car market development in different countries worldwide for the future are analyzed.
The publication was prepared in the framework of the research projects "Formation of economic mechanisms for sustainable development of renewable energy in the conditions of global and local threats to energy security of Ukraine" (№ 0120U104806) funded by the National Research Foundation of Ukraine and "Fundamentals of the phase transition to the additive economy: from disruptive technologies to institutional sociologization of decisions" (No. 0121U109557) funded by a grant from the state budget of Ukraine.
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Mnykh, Y., and T. Kulinich. "Macroeconomic basis of domestic business development: problems and risks." Thesis, Sumy State University, 2016. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/45326.
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Any organization is located and operates in the environment. Macroenvironment creates general conditions of organization being [1]: as it can provide opportunities of expansion, it can also be a cause of restriction and forced changes in the company. The events in Ukraine since 2013 and till the present have been significantly changing, complicating the functioning of many businesses – Russian military aggression in Crimea and Eastern Ukraine has become a key factor in the destabilization of economic system and transformation of foreign economic activity of our country. It can be noted that Russian aggression has become a factor of significant strengthening of negative trends in the dynamics of basic macroeconomic indicators (GDP, exchange rate, inflation, budget deficit, foreign exchange reserves, strategic reserves of certain types of resources). Accordingly, the current situation in the country is a source of challenges for businesses.
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Agboaye, Izilin Christiana. "Nigerian Military Government and Problems of Agricultural Development." Thesis, North Texas State University, 1985. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc504109/.
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This thesis attempts to analyze the military government's role in solving the country's agricultural problems. This analysis is essential because it was during the military's stay in power that Nigeria's potential as a selfsufficient and food exporting nation declined. Materials collected to analyze the above problems reveal that the military government's lack of adequate personnel to supervise and implement decisions taken on agriculture, unplanned schemes, and unresearched projects were partly responsible for the government's inability to solve Nigeria's agricultural problems. While it may be necessary to blame the military government for not being able to completely solve the country's numerous agricultural problems, the presence of global political and economic decisions seriously hampered measures taken by the military government.
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Surový, Václav. "Postavení Jihovýchodní Asie ve světové ekonomice a problémy jejího ekonomického rozvoje na prahu 21.století." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2009. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-10359.
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This thesis deals with the current position of Southeast Asia in the world economy. The first part concerns itself with the recent economic development of Southeast Asia. Special emphasis is placed on Asian financial crisis of 1997, which to a great degree influenced the development of the subregion in the following years. The next part focuses on problems of economic development concerning the quality of institutions, integration within ASEAN and socio-natural problems. The last part explains the evolution of relations between the subregion and USA, Japan and China and assesses the current position of Southeast Asia in the world economy on the basis of comparison with other Asian subregions.
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Chaban, Oleksandra, and Олександра Чабан. "Problems of tourism business development in Ukraine COVID-19 pandemic." Thesis, National Aviation University, 2021. https://er.nau.edu.ua/handle/NAU/51252.
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1. Road map of competitive development of tourism sector in Ukraine. Final report, 2019 [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://cutt.ly/Gznqfbu.
2. Ukrainian tourism due to the pandemic has lost about 6 billion. Official website of analytical portal Word and Business, 2021 [Electronic Resource]. - Access mode: https://cutt.ly/gznq0o4.Humanity has experienced more than one pandemic in its history and is well aware of its consequences. In early 2020, the world was rocked by the Covid-19 pandemic, which rapidly spread to the world. Every State has had to introduce drastic measures. Tourism has been slowed down and banned at certain times. The severity of the problem is that the pandemic has a major negative impact on all areas of life, whose rehabilitation is difficult and whose losses are enormous. That is why the study of the problems of tourism business development in Ukraine under Covid-19 conditions is extremely topical.
Людство пережило не одну пандемію за свою історію і добре усвідомлює її наслідки. На початку 2020 року світ сколихнула пандемія Covid-19, яка швидко поширилася на світ. Кожній державі доводилося вводити рішучі заходи. Туризм уповільнений і заборонений у певний час. Серйозність проблеми полягає в тому, що пандемія має серйозний негативний вплив на всі сфери життя, реабілітація яких є складною, а втрати величезні. Тому вивчення проблем розвитку туристичного бізнесу в Україні в умовах Covid-19 є надзвичайно актуальним.
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Choquehuanca, Huanca Andrés. "Districtalization: A Solution for Juliaca’s Development." Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú. Centro de Investigación en Geografía Aplicada, 2014. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/119456.
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Juliaca is already a great city, which is growing rapidly with disorder and thus there is chaos inanyway. It is almost 300 000 inhabitants plus the floating population, which lives mostly in the more than 350 human settlements.During the 75 years between 1940, when it had 6034 inhabitants to 2007 the city of Juliaca has increased 50 times, with an annual rate of 4%, becoming the first most populated highland city in southern Peru after Arequipa and Tacna, and the eleventh largest city of Peru. This phenomenon has generated very vast social problems such as chaos in trade, transportation, lack of security, lack of infrastructure, deficient basic services of water, drainage, and flood control. Then, there is a population resistance to centrality and to the unreasonable local government behavior to adequately attend Juliaca’s needs.With this background Juliaca should be decentralized, at least in five districts considering the current urbanized area of Juliaca and four other districts from the first ring (ring) involving multiple cores of urban development. This may empower the authorities, reverse chaos and disorder and facilitate the solution of social problems.Juliaca ya es una ciudad grande, que crece aceleradamente con desorden y por tanto hay caos entodo sentido, con su población próxima a 300 000 habitantes sin contar la población flotante. Tiene más de 350 asentamientos humanos que estructuran la urbanización, que es un fenómeno demótico actual propio del Perú y de los países del tercer mundo, estimulada por la migración rural y urbana regional y del sur del país, evidenciándose así en demografía el modelo de gravedad de Newton. En el curso de 75 años, desde 1940 que contaba con 6034 habitantes hasta 2007, la población de Juliaca se ha incrementado 50 veces, con una tasa anual de 4%, y se ha convertido en la primera ciudad más poblada del altiplano, la tercera en el sur del Perú después de Arequipa y Tacna, y la undécima ciudad más poblada del Perú. Este fenómeno ha generado vastísimos problemas sociales como el caos en el comercio, transporte, falta de seguridad, falta de infraestructura, servicios básicos de agua, desagüe, inundaciones; por tanto existe conmoción de la población a la centralidad y a la desatinada conducción del gobierno local que no se abastece para una administración adecuada y satisfactoria, por constituir Juliaca una ciudad que se agiganta progresivamente.Con estos antecedentes, Juliaca debe descentralizarse por lo menos en cinco distritos teniendo en cuenta su actual espacio urbanizado, incluido el actual Juliaca y otros cuatro distritos a partir del primer anillo (Circunvalación) que implica varios núcleos de desarrollo urbano. Esto debe ser tarea para las autoridades que buscan revertir el caos y desorden con la soluciónde problemas sociales.
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Dudáčková, Ivana. "Countries of the French Western Africa at the beginning of the 21st century: problems of the economic development." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2008. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-5108.
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The first chapter talks about the events that took place in the French Western Africa in the second half of the 20th century. The second chapter describes all the economics at the beginning of the 21st century. Economics are described with the basic indicators and economic activities. The third chapter is about the obstacles to the economic development and the purpose of the last chapter is to show the progress achieved in case of the obstacles.
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Zapatel, Malpartida Alvaro A. "Formal Property and Microfinance in Peru: An Analysis of Their Problems and Potential to Empower the Poor in Peru." Thesis, Boston College, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2345/2521.
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Thesis advisor: Richard McGowanThe author focuses on property formalization, microfinance and their effects on empowering the poor in Peru. For this purpose, the author will first analyze the economic and social conditions in which the microfinance initiative has taken place in Peru as well as its informal economy. Then, the author will explain the advantages and disadvantages that microfinance and property formalization have had as economic tools used to confront the problem of collateral. The author argues that both economic tools, if used together, may have a greater impact in the poor’s economic empowerment. The poor’s economic empowerment will be understood as the decrease in interest rates in the microfinance sector. Hence, Peruvian Microfinance Institutions – represented by Peru’s leading MFI “Microfinanzas Prisma – will be analyzed through regression analyses with intervention variables to simulate the correlations between collateral and interest rates in the microfinance sector. The results demonstrate that formal property, although correlated with interest rates up to a certain point, may not have a significant correlation with interest rates beyond that point. The author will finally interpret the results of the empirical analyses and will make some recommendations that could be implemented as development policies. A proposal would be based on the joint use of microfinance and formal property to further decrease interest rates and therefore empower the individuals borrowing below the point at which collateral has no significance correlation with interest rates. Concepts such as social capital and community organization will be addressed to further enhance the impact of collateral on interest rates
Thesis (BA) — Boston College, 2011
Submitted to: Boston College. College of Arts and Sciences
Discipline: Economics Honors Program
Discipline: Economics
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Оvdienko, Valeriia, and Валерія Овдієнко. "Problems of financing academic education under the influence of the COVID-19 pandemic." Thesis, National Aviation University, 2021. https://er.nau.edu.ua/handle/NAU/51241.
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1. Ofitsiinyi sait Natsionalnoho instytutu stratehichnykh doslidzhen [Elektronnyi resurs]. − Rezhym dostupu: http://old2.niss.gov.ua/articles/1537/.
2. Koronavirus ta osvita: analiz problem i naslidkiv pandemii [Elektronnyi resurs]. − Rezhym dostupu: https://cedos.org.ua/uk/articles/koronavirus-ta-osvita-analiz-problem-i-naslidkiv-pandemii.Academic education has always had and continues to retain significant socio-economic and political significance for the development of any country. In modern conditions, the place and importance of higher education in the system of priorities set by each country, reflect the level of socio-economic development of the nation. Only having higher education in accordance with modern standards can a country claim a worthy place and recognition in the world.
Академічна освіта завжди мала і продовжує зберігати значне соціально-економічне та політичне значення для розвитку будь-якої країни. У сучасних умовах місце та значення вищої освіти в системі пріоритетів, визначених кожною країною, відображають рівень соціально-економічного розвитку нації. Лише маючи вищу освіту відповідно до сучасних стандартів, країна може претендувати на гідне місце та визнання у світі.
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Bain, Courtney. "Entrepreneurship in Russia patterns and problems of its development in the post-Soviet period /." Thesis, Connect to e-thesis. Move to record for print version, 2007. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/18/.
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Thesis (Ph.D) - University of Glasgow, 2007.Ph.D. thesis submitted to the Department of Central and East European Studies, Faculty of Law, Business and Social Sciences, 2007. Includes bibliographical references. Print version also available.
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Мельник, Леонід Григорович, Леонид Григорьевич Мельник, Leonid Hryhorovych Melnyk, Ірина Борисівна Дегтярьова, Ирина Борисовна Дегтярева, Iryna Borysivna Dehtiarova, and Y. Romanchenko. "The role of ecosystem services in providing sustainable development." Thesis, Sumy State University, 2014. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/36211.
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Aggravation of environmental problems creates the conditions under which business entities legislative and executive authorities, other parts of society forced to move to new concepts of interaction between economic stakeholders in order to create an environmentally harmonious relations that would meet the criteria for sustainable socio-economic development.
When you are citing the document, use the following link http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/36211
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Kurup, Biji R. "Methodology for capturing environmental, social and economic implications of industrial symbiosis in heavy industrial areas." Thesis, Curtin University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/1775.
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Industrial operations have been attributed to causing social and environmental problems such as: acid rain; greenhouse gas emissions, air, water and soil pollution; plus health problems to neighbourhood communities. With the 3P (people, planet, profit) approach for sustainability as the background, there have been movements to establish the concept of eco-industrial development in existing or new industrial areas from the planning stage onwards. Industrial ecology (IE) is the operation of an industrial ecosystem which is based on the principles of operation of a natural ecosystem. Industrial symbiosis (IS), one of the principal applications of IE, is defined as inter-firm collaboration, where a network of industries collaborates in exchange of products, by-products, information, resources and wastes to reduce their collective environmental footprint to achieve mutual benefits.Industrial symbiosis is a collaborative process of industries geographically located in an industrial park, which facilitates and enables an exchange of products, by-products and wastes to reduce the collective adverse impacts of the emission during the operation of these industries. However, IS faces a number of barriers. Importantly, it has been identified that there is a critical impediment to implementing future IS practices in the area. This is because of the number of barriers such as technical, regulatory, commercial as well as informational. In addition, there is an absence of a proven and well established evaluation methodology to identify the benefits of such practice. The true implications of IS might therefore remain underestimated, thereby failing to convince industry, government and the community to realize the opportunities IS can bring in attaining goals of sustainability in their operations.The aim of this PhD research was to develop and trial a method for capturing the life cycle environmental, social and economic implications of industrial symbiosis in heavy industrial areas. This research was based on multi-disciplinary approach of examining environmental, social and financial aspects to develop an integrated method. In the Kwinana industrial Area (KIA), the primary research area in Western Australia, the opportunities were significant for such industrial symbiosis to happen because of the co-location of diverse industries. The research hypothesis that informs this thesis is that the assessment of implications of present IS might bring further opportunities for enhancing symbiosis between industries. Though the primary emphasis of the research was in the Kwinana Industrial Area, this approach could be applied to other heavy industrial areas. This site could be significant both nationally and internationally in providing a platform for business responses to regional sustainable development challenges, by documenting best practice and improving approaches for implementing industrial symbiosis.This research addressed the objectives by using the developed Six Capitals Model (SCM) for identifying environmental, social and economic benefits. The values under these dimensions were analysed with regard to natural, ecosystem, human, social, financial and manufactured capitals for a project of wastewater reclamation for industrial use. Under the environmental dimension, the model revealed that resource conservation and resource security were achieved as a result of the operation of this project. These results are in line with the argument that industrial symbiosis secures and conserves resources due to the possibility of reclaiming the resources that were once discarded. Water contamination has been reduced as a result of the operation of this project. This indicator shows that there is an improvement in maintaining the ecosystem capital.In terms of human capital, sharing information between industries and opportunities of sharing infrastructure and technology has been improved. Regarding community capital, sharing of information between industries and communities, has increased as a result of this project. Collaboration of government bodies, level of understanding about IS projects due to increasing communication between various stakeholders, and increase of employment opportunities are notable, as value has been generated for community capital since the project started. In terms of financial capital of the project, the majority of the participants did not gain any financial savings in terms of direct costs but rather accrued short term costs. This was due to the infrastructure cost involved as part of installation of pipes and pumps. It was also due to the high cost of the reclaimed water than the scheme water. In addition, the analysis showed that most of the participants of the project did not gain any savings in the indirect costs such as hidden and legal costs, such as permit costs, compliance costs, future fines and penalties. However, as part of manufactured capital, there were savings due to improved business opportunities as well as infrastructure, for business and community collectively.The results of this thesis show that broader benefits of symbiosis can be achieved, not only from operation of the project, but also from the influence of processes of symbiosis. Among them are connection, communication and collaboration between the project partners. There has been a substantial increase in the networking of industries and formation of multi groups for addressing various issues faced by industry and community in the Kwinana. There has also been a further increase in the transparency of information dissemination and communication through industries council’s website. In addition, there has been an improvement in the rate of participation of community members and groups in the Communities and Industries Forum (CIF) which resulted in the formation of further stakeholder groups by industries council as a platform for addressing the issues of industries and communities.IS practices strengthen the EIP concept and increase the chances of sustainable industrial development regionally due to collaboration of community of businesses and local and regional community. IS also increases the reputation and license to operate in the community. There are many advantages for using the Model developed in the thesis to assess the benefits of IS. First, the values of ecosystem values maintained are able to be accounted for in addition to natural capital values. The Six Capital Model can also account human capital values in addition to community capital. The Model also accounted the manufactured capital in addition to financial capital and it gives an opportunity to identify the value generated towards community and companies.Finally, the Model enables a calculation of the internal costs and external costs and benefits so that industries are able to understand the real cost of the projects. One of the main advantages of this method is that with, right indicators, the intangible values of the IS process can also be assessed and reported.
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Mathis, Brodie R. "A manual for a local church in Philadelphia on how to develop economic holistic ministry for community transformation." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 2007. http://www.tren.com/search.cfm?p036-0386.
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Au, Si-mi Anna, and 區仕美. "A review on problems faced by land development corporation in launching urban renewal programmes." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1996. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31967991.
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Прокопенко, Ольга Володимирівна, Ольга Владимировна Прокопенко, Olha Volodymyrivna Prokopenko, Олена Василівна Шкарупа, Елена Васильевна Шкарупа, and Olena Vasylivna Shkarupa. "Становлення наукової школи економіки природокористування в СумДУ (замість передмови)." Thesis, Сумський державний університет, 2012. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/26381.
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Sudibyo, Alexander. "Compatibility of a Western systemic approach for handling complex, pluralist and coercive problems in developing countries: A case study of micro satellite development in Indonesia." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2004. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/782.
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In this era of globalization, there has been much western investment in the eastern world, increasing the number of large projects financed by internal and foreign investments. It was thought a challenging proposition to investigate whether systemic approaches could be used in eastern developing countries that are in transition between Toffler’s first (agricultural focused) and second (industrial centered) waves of economic development.
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Kurup, Biji R. "Methodology for capturing environmental, social and economic implications of industrial symbiosis in heavy industrial areas." Curtin University of Technology, Division of Science and Engineering, 2007. http://espace.library.curtin.edu.au:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=128365.
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Industrial operations have been attributed to causing social and environmental problems such as: acid rain; greenhouse gas emissions, air, water and soil pollution; plus health problems to neighbourhood communities. With the 3P (people, planet, profit) approach for sustainability as the background, there have been movements to establish the concept of eco-industrial development in existing or new industrial areas from the planning stage onwards. Industrial ecology (IE) is the operation of an industrial ecosystem which is based on the principles of operation of a natural ecosystem. Industrial symbiosis (IS), one of the principal applications of IE, is defined as inter-firm collaboration, where a network of industries collaborates in exchange of products, by-products, information, resources and wastes to reduce their collective environmental footprint to achieve mutual benefits.Industrial symbiosis is a collaborative process of industries geographically located in an industrial park, which facilitates and enables an exchange of products, by-products and wastes to reduce the collective adverse impacts of the emission during the operation of these industries. However, IS faces a number of barriers. Importantly, it has been identified that there is a critical impediment to implementing future IS practices in the area. This is because of the number of barriers such as technical, regulatory, commercial as well as informational. In addition, there is an absence of a proven and well established evaluation methodology to identify the benefits of such practice. The true implications of IS might therefore remain underestimated, thereby failing to convince industry, government and the community to realize the opportunities IS can bring in attaining goals of sustainability in their operations.
The aim of this PhD research was to develop and trial a method for capturing the life cycle environmental, social and economic implications of industrial symbiosis in heavy industrial areas. This research was based on multi-disciplinary approach of examining environmental, social and financial aspects to develop an integrated method. In the Kwinana industrial Area (KIA), the primary research area in Western Australia, the opportunities were significant for such industrial symbiosis to happen because of the co-location of diverse industries. The research hypothesis that informs this thesis is that the assessment of implications of present IS might bring further opportunities for enhancing symbiosis between industries. Though the primary emphasis of the research was in the Kwinana Industrial Area, this approach could be applied to other heavy industrial areas. This site could be significant both nationally and internationally in providing a platform for business responses to regional sustainable development challenges, by documenting best practice and improving approaches for implementing industrial symbiosis.
This research addressed the objectives by using the developed Six Capitals Model (SCM) for identifying environmental, social and economic benefits. The values under these dimensions were analysed with regard to natural, ecosystem, human, social, financial and manufactured capitals for a project of wastewater reclamation for industrial use. Under the environmental dimension, the model revealed that resource conservation and resource security were achieved as a result of the operation of this project. These results are in line with the argument that industrial symbiosis secures and conserves resources due to the possibility of reclaiming the resources that were once discarded. Water contamination has been reduced as a result of the operation of this project. This indicator shows that there is an improvement in maintaining the ecosystem capital.
In terms of human capital, sharing information between industries and opportunities of sharing infrastructure and technology has been improved. Regarding community capital, sharing of information between industries and communities, has increased as a result of this project. Collaboration of government bodies, level of understanding about IS projects due to increasing communication between various stakeholders, and increase of employment opportunities are notable, as value has been generated for community capital since the project started. In terms of financial capital of the project, the majority of the participants did not gain any financial savings in terms of direct costs but rather accrued short term costs. This was due to the infrastructure cost involved as part of installation of pipes and pumps. It was also due to the high cost of the reclaimed water than the scheme water. In addition, the analysis showed that most of the participants of the project did not gain any savings in the indirect costs such as hidden and legal costs, such as permit costs, compliance costs, future fines and penalties. However, as part of manufactured capital, there were savings due to improved business opportunities as well as infrastructure, for business and community collectively.
The results of this thesis show that broader benefits of symbiosis can be achieved, not only from operation of the project, but also from the influence of processes of symbiosis. Among them are connection, communication and collaboration between the project partners. There has been a substantial increase in the networking of industries and formation of multi groups for addressing various issues faced by industry and community in the Kwinana. There has also been a further increase in the transparency of information dissemination and communication through industries council’s website. In addition, there has been an improvement in the rate of participation of community members and groups in the Communities and Industries Forum (CIF) which resulted in the formation of further stakeholder groups by industries council as a platform for addressing the issues of industries and communities.
IS practices strengthen the EIP concept and increase the chances of sustainable industrial development regionally due to collaboration of community of businesses and local and regional community. IS also increases the reputation and license to operate in the community. There are many advantages for using the Model developed in the thesis to assess the benefits of IS. First, the values of ecosystem values maintained are able to be accounted for in addition to natural capital values. The Six Capital Model can also account human capital values in addition to community capital. The Model also accounted the manufactured capital in addition to financial capital and it gives an opportunity to identify the value generated towards community and companies.
Finally, the Model enables a calculation of the internal costs and external costs and benefits so that industries are able to understand the real cost of the projects. One of the main advantages of this method is that with, right indicators, the intangible values of the IS process can also be assessed and reported.
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Ersoy, Aksel. "Dynamics and drivers of Turkish regional development : a Curate’s Egg." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2012. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/3423/.
Full textAbstract:
Understanding of the economic processes shaping regional economies is in a constant state of change. These processes are important to understand for policy making as governments seek to improve the economic well-being of citizens. Existing empirical research in this field has focussed on regions in economically advanced and technologically innovative economies. As a consequence, the broader picture of the dynamics of regional development in less developed countries, particularly its social and political origins and the overall changes in regional inequality, have remained elusive and less clear. The purpose of this thesis has been to develop an understanding of the local and regional dynamics of economic development in the context of the transitioning and emerging economy of Turkey. The approach has been to unpack a series of local and regional development theories and, from the drivers identified, to develop an econometric model calibrated for the Turkish context using available and appropriate proxy measures. Document analysis supported by interviews with groups of policy makers has been intertwined with the results of the model. The results of the study explain that implications of the current local and regional economic development theories are a Curate’s Egg – good in parts – because these theories are only partially relevant in the Turkish context.
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Nashiraliyev, Yeldos. "Economic integration in the Commonwealth of Independent States: perspectives, problems, solutions : a thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Public Policy at Massey University, Albany, New Zealand." Massey University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10179/1080.
Full textAbstract:
It has been 17 years since the Soviet Union broke up and its constituent countries gained their independence. In the beginning years the sovereignty was considered an indisputable priority, resulting in economic matters being put off. However, in the light of slow economic development in the area, it seemed to be imperative for these countries to pursue economic integration. Backed up by political will, several attempts had been made to establish various integration groupings, one of them being the Commonwealth of Independent States. The established organisation’s main aim was to assist countries in preserving the connecting links inherited from the former Soviet Union. Some of the countries in the region managed to achieve relatively high growth rates mainly due to their individual efforts. Unfortunately, so far, none out of a number of proposed integration projects has proven to be an effective and binding tool in the political and economic development of the region. This thesis aims to identify problems standing in the way of economic integration of the Commonwealth of Independent States. As of now, a free trade area – the initial form of economic integration – has not been established. Although trade ties between the member states function, the main export destination of these states is outside the Commonwealth. It is recommended that the initial steps in setting up a free trade area in this territory should begin with developing integration within regional associations, due to smaller numbers of participants and their common interests.
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Šebek, Vita. "The evolution of a security community through a process of integration: problems and prospects for the SADC region." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003041.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis examines the security problematic of African states and focuses more particularly on the SADC region. It links the security problematic with the transactionalist approach to (supra)national integration and the concept of a security community, introduced into internatIonal relations theory by Karl Deutsch and his colleagues. In relation to the (in)security of SADC member states, the thesis attempts to demonstrate that national integration of these states (i.e. the establishment of an amalgamated security community) has at least to accompany if not precede the establishment of a security community at the regional level (i.e. a pluralistic security community). Since threats to the security of SADC member states are mainly nonmilitary in nature, the 'realist' concept of security is broadened to include political, economic, societal and environmental aspects of security at different levels. Furthermore, Deutsch's concept of a security community is redefined in line with the 'new security thinking' and adapted to the situation in African states. Moreover, this thesis attempts to demonstrate that it is essential for SADC member states to become strong and socio-economically cohesive in order to improve their competitiveness in relation to developed states, especially in their ability to deal with internal and ransnational/regional threats to their security, which are (in)directly caused and perpetuated by the lack of national integration, inefficient state-making and underdevelopment - the sources of their weakness.
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Leseeto, Saidimu. "The role of risk management in pastoral policy development and poverty measurement : system dynamics simulation approach." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2012. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/344349/.
Full textAbstract:
Livestock-based agriculture plays an important role in the development of sub-saharan Africa, especially those countries whose livestock industry contributes significantly to the Gross Domestic Product (GDP). In Kenya, agriculture alone accounts for 21% of the GDP and provides employment directly or indirectly to over 75% of the total labour force. The livestock industry, mainly arid rangelands, contributes 50% of the agricultural productivity. However, these Arid and Semi-Arid Lands (ASALs) are exposed to a myriad of risks affecting the environment which is the pastoral core asset. These risks arise from climatic change and variability, growth in human population and expanding settlements, changes in the land use systems, poor infrastructure, diseases, wildlife predation, and inter-ethnic conflicts. The consequences of these pastoral risks include: (1) declining per capita asset value, (2) increased health problems, (3) increased poverty, and (4) declining GDP generated from pastoralism. While a lot of resources have been invested in responding to the pastoral crisis associated with droughts, there is still inadequate understanding of the policy measures to put in place as mitigation strategies. The aims of this research are (1) identify the main pastoral risks and community response strategies, (2) assess the impact the identified risks on the wellbeing of pastoralists based on financial, human, physical, natural and social capital measurements (5 C‘s), and (3) develop a System Dynamics (SD) model to assess the holistic impact of community and government response strategies on pastoral wellbeing. Samburu district, in northern Kenya, was chosen as a study area because it is classified as 100% ASAL and experiences frequent droughts and changing land use systems. The research process involved literature synthesis, analysis of both cross-sectional and a 5-year panel data, and the development of a System Dynamics model. Cross-section data was primarily collected for the purposes of identifying the extent to which risks affect households, while the 5-year panel data was sourced from the Arid Lands Resource Management Project (ALRMP). Descriptive and empirical analysis showed that droughts, land use system and human population were considered as the main cause of shrinking rangeland productivity and as a result declining per capita livestock. This was further confirmed from the panel data analysis indicating climate variability as the main driver of pastoral wellbeing. Droughts affect rangeland pasture productivity, market prices, livestock assets, and households‘ nutritional status and poverty levels. These results imply a multifaceted nature of pastoral system with compound affects. The SD simulation result, which was run over the period January 2006 to December 2030, provided insights on policy evaluation and the state of pastoral wellbeing. Baseline scenario indicated reducing livestock ownership, causing high malnutrition and poverty rates. Strategies which incorporated rangeland rehabilitation, planned settlements, livestock disease control, insurance against droughts, reducing inter-ethnic conflicts, and timely destocking offered better policy options. These strategies resulted in reduced malnutrition, increased pasture productivity, reduced livestock losses and ultimately reducing poverty rates among the pastoral communities.
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Van, Niekerk Lizl-Louise. "Die effek van 'n intervensieprogram op die motoriese ontwikkeling van straatkinders / Lizl-Louise van Niekerk." Thesis, North-West University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/826.
Full textAbstract:
This study had the dual purpose of determining the anthropometric and motor development
status of street children as well as to establish the effect of an intervention programme on their
motor development. The first aim of the study was to determine the anthropometric and motor
development status of street children. The children were selected from a sample of street
children living in a state-run shelter. Twenty eight children (20 boys and 8 girls) between the
ages of 7 and 14 were measured to determine their anthropometric and motor development
status. The anthropometric measures included stature, mass, body-mass index (BMI), and two
skin folds (subscapular and triceps). The measurements were performed according to the
protocol of the International Society for the Advancement of Kinanthropometry (ISAK). The
results of the anthropometric measurements showed that the street children are shorter, lighter
and have a lower BMI and smaller skin folds than the norm for children of the same age. The
sample exhibited a prevalence of malnutrition. The same subjects who were tested to determine
the anthropometric composition (except for four children, who had since left the shelter) were
used to determine the motor development status. The gross motor, fine motor and neuromotor
functions were tested to determine the motor development status. This was determined by means
of the Bruininks-Oseretsky Test II of Motor Proficiency (BOTMP), the Sensory Input Screening
Instrument and a section of the Quick Neurological Screening Test II. The results showed that
the motor (gross motor, fine motor and neuromotor) development of the street children is below
the standard norms.
The second aim of the study was to determine the effect of an intervention programme on the
motor development of street children. The same subjects who were tested to determine the
motor development status (except for four children, who had since left the shelter) were used to
determine the effect of a motor intervention programme. Seventeen boys and 7 girls between the
ages of 7 and 14 years were randomly selected and divided into an experimental (n=13) and a
control group (n= 11). A 10-week motor intervention programme that consisted of bi-weekly
sessions of 45 minutes was implemented. The affectivity of this was evaluated by a post-test.
The programme consisted of perceptual motor, sensory integration and task specific activities
using the integrated method. The main components, which were addressed in the lessons, were
bilateral integration, response speed, hand skills, muscle tone, motor planning, equilibrium,
vestibular function and vision strengthening activities. The program was presented by a
qualified kinderkineticist. The Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency (BOTMP), the
Sensory Input Screening Instrument and a section of the Quick Neurological Screening Test I1
were applied to determine the effect of the intervention programme. Covariance of analysis,
correcting for pre-testing differences between the groups, indicated improvement of the
Bruininks-Oseretsky-Test Total as well as in fine motor skills and upper limb speed in the
experimental group. Vestibular and vision functions also increased significantly in this group,
which might have contributed to the improvement in fine motor development. All these
improvements showed a high practical significance (ES>0.8).
Based on the results of this study, it is recommended that the physical growth and motor
development deficits as well as the positive effects of the intervention program, as identified in
this study be brought under the attention of relevant persons in state organizations and private
institutions, which are involved with street children.Thesis (M.A. (Human Movement Science))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2005.
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Pilarski, Geraldo. "Food security in Latin America and grass roots political economy an ethical approach to poverty, hunger and integral liberation /." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 1998. http://www.tren.com.
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Matthews, Sally Joanne. "Responding to poverty and injustice in the light of the post-development debate : insights from a Sengalese non-governmental organisation." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2008. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/328/.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis intervenes in one of the most prominent recent debates in development theory – that between post-development theorists and their critics – and brings to it insights drawn from the experiences of a Senegalese non-governmental organisation, Enda Graf Sahel. I begin by providing a critical discussion of the post-development debate and then detail the question which guides this investigation, namely: how can we, the relatively privileged, respond meaningfully to poverty and injustice in the light of the post-development debate? I present three possible responses to my research question. Firstly, I argue that the relatively privileged have a role to play in rethinking the concepts of ‘poverty’ and ‘injustice’. Secondly, I discuss the kinds of support that we may provide to popular organisations; and finally, I describe ways in which those of us who are relatively privileged may change aspects of our own lives and settings in solidarity with the struggles of the poor and oppressed. Throughout, I draw extensively both on the post-development debate and on the experiences and insights of Enda Graf Sahel to show how we can move past a simple defence or rejection of post-development theory in order to meaningfully respond to poverty and injustice.
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Sha, Shafeek. "An investigation into problems facing small-to-medium sized enterprises in achieving growth in the Eastern Cape : enhancing the strategy for developing small 'growth potential' firms in the Eastern Cape." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2006. http://eprints.ru.ac.za/288/.
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Chatta, Ilyas Ahmad. "Partition and its aftermath : violence, migration and the role of refugees in the socio-economic development of Gujranwala and Sialkot cities, 1947-1961." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2009. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/366712/.
Full textAbstract:
The partition of India in August 1947 was marked by the greatest migration in the Twentieth Century and the death of an estimated one million persons. Yet until recently (Ansari 2005; Talbot 2006) little was written about the longer term socioeconomic consequences of this massive dislocation, especially for Pakistan. Even when the 'human dimension' of refugee experience rather than the 'high politics' of partition was addressed, it was not specifically tied to local case studies (Butalia, 1998). A comparative dimension was also missing, even in the 'new history' of partition. The thesis through case studies of the Pakistan Punjab cities of Gujranwala and Sialkot examines partition related episodes of violence, migration and resettlement. It draws on hitherto unexplored original sources to explain the nature, motivation and purpose of violence at the local level. It argues that the violence in both cities was clearly politically rather than culturally and religiously rooted. The problems of finding accommodation and employment as well as patterns of urban resettlement are also explored. The thesis shows how the massive shifts in population influenced and transformed the socio-economic landscape of the two cities. It also addresses wider issues regarding the relative roles of refugees and locally skilled craftsmen in rebuilding the cities' economies following the migration of the Hindu and Sikh trading and commercial class. This analysis reveals that while partition represented a major disruption, continuities persisted from the colonial era. Indeed, Sialkot's post-independence development owed more to the skill base it inherited than to the refugee influx.
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Антонюк, В. П. "Инновационная стратегия развития Донецкого региона." Thesis, Изд-во СумГУ, 2010. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/12689.
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Fanti, Kostas Andrea. "Trajectories of Pure and Co-Occurring Internalizing and Externalizing Problems from Age 2 to Age 12: Findings from the NICHD Study of Early Child Care." unrestricted, 2007. http://etd.gsu.edu/theses/available/etd-04202007-164735/.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (Ph. D.)--Georgia State University, 2007.Title from file title page. Christopher C. Henrich, committee chair; Gregory Jurkovic, Gabriel P. Kuperminc, Roger Bakeman, committee members. Electronic text (124 p. : ill. (some col.)) : digital, PDF file. Description based on contents viewed May 7, 2008. Includes bibliographical references (p. 100-124).
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Бабій, І. А. "Активізація економічного зростання на регіональному рівні (на прикладі Одеської області)." Thesis, Одеський національний економічний університет, 2021. http://local.lib/diploma/Babii3.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
Доступ до роботи тільки на території бібліотеки ОНЕУ, для переходу натисніть на посилання нижчеУ роботі розглядаються теоретичні аспекти економічного розвитку, фактори його забезпечення, індикатори та державне стимулювання економічного зростання на регіональному рівні. Проаналізовано основні складові економічного потенціальну Одеської області Запропоновано пріоритетні напрямки для активізації економічного зростання в Одеській області.
The theoretical aspects of economic development, factors of its provision, indicators and state stimulation of economic growth at the regional level are considered in the work. The main components of the economic potential of Odessa region are analyzed Priority directions for intensification of economic growth in Odessa region are offered.
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Rossello-Roig, M. "Essays on the spillovers of the household environment on childhood development : domestic violence, health and education, and maternal working hours on children's wellbeing." Thesis, City, University of London, 2017. http://openaccess.city.ac.uk/19371/.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis contains three chapters that each study the spillover effects of two aspects of the child's household environment, Domestic Violence (chapter one and two) and Maternal Working Hours (chapter three). The first chapter looks at Children's Health, the second at Education Outcomes and the third looks at children's Well-Being. Understanding what influences a child's early development is of paramount importance as it explains future job market performance and success in life in general. All chapters exploit the data set UK Millennium Cohort Study (MCS), a longitudinal survey following around 19,000 children born in the UK in 2000-01. The first chapter studies the effect of Domestic Violence on children's health production function. We use waves 4 and 5 of the MCS, when children are aged 7 and 11, respectively. We find that there is a strong negative externality of living in a household where there is violence on children's parental-assessed health outcomes. Simultaneity between the child's health and the existence of Domestic Violence in the household makes it diffcult to establish a causal relationship, so we use an instrumental approach to address the potential bias caused by this. In particular, our results show that children exposed to Domestic Violence appear to be between 55% and 61% less likely to have their health rated as Excellent. Our results are robust and statistically significant across all specifications. Our paper not only sheds light on the negative impact of Domestic Violence on children's health but provides a robust quantification of this effect. This chapter is co-authored with Prof. Jofre-Bonet and Dr. Serra-Sastre. The second chapter studies the spillover effect on children's educational attainment of living in a household in which mothers are subject to Domestic Violence. To do so, we exploit measurements of the child's educational performance in English, Science, Mathematics, Physical Education, Creativity, and Information and Technology by the age of 7 and 11, available in the MCS. Our results suggest that growing up in a household where there is Domestic Violence has a negative impact on all educational outcomes. Our results are robust and hold when addressing several potential sources of sample selection bias. Children from domestically abused mothers lose around 0.20 standard deviations in English and 0.30 standard deviations in Mathematics scores at an age as early as 11 years. The cumulative negative effect is heterogenous across academic areas, being more pronounced for those subjects where past knowledge acquisition is essential (i.e., Mathematics and Science). This chapter is co-authored with Prof. Jofre-Bonet and Dr. Serra-Sastre. The third chapter investigates how maternal working status is connected to children's well-being at ages 7 and 11. The rapid increase of female participation in the labour market, along with the impact that well-being levels during childhood has on their psychological development and labour market outcomes later in adulthood, calls for a closer examination of this topic. To do so, we also exploit the MCS, which contains a very complete set of children's well-being outcomes and the intensity of the engagement of mothers with the labour market. To our knowledge, this is the first paper to use such a full array of children's well-being indicators and relate it to maternal labour supply. Our results show that in households in which mothers work fulltime, children are, on average, happier, less worried, as well as less likely to lose their temper. Further, we investigate whether child obesity, which has been related to children's well-being, is associated to the mother's working hours, the mother's commuting time and the father's employment status. We find that higher the number of working hours of the mother increases the likelihood of the child being obese at 7 and 11 years of age, in line with previous literature. This chapter is co-authored with Prof. Jofre-Bonet and Dr. Serra-Sastre.
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Mupier, Robert M. Ramsey David D. "Economic education in the secondary schools of Zaire a problem-driven approach /." Normal, Ill. Illinois State University, 1994. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ilstu/fullcit?p9510427.
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Thesis (D.A.)--Illinois State University, 1994.Title from title page screen, viewed March 28, 2006. Dissertation Committee: David D. Ramsey, Michael A. Nelson (co-chairs), Ram D. Singh. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 293-301) and abstract. Also available in print.
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Сотник, Ірина Миколаївна, Ирина Николаевна Сотник, Iryna Mykolaivna Sotnyk, and O. Sotnyk. "Resource saving development in Ukraine: economical problems and perspectives." Thesis, Видавництво СумДУ, 2004. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/23326.
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Fischer, Torben [Verfasser], and Markus [Akademischer Betreuer] Frölich. "Essays on development economics / Torben Fischer ; Betreuer: Markus Frölich." Mannheim : Universitätsbibliothek Mannheim, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1169572456/34.
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Banks, Nico. "Diagnosing and Correcting Problems with Project Selection at the World Bank." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2017. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/1652.
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In 1992, the World Bank Group’s success rate - as evaluated the Bank’s unit, the Independent Evaluation Group - had substantially declined. In response, the Bank formed a task force to determine what factors had caused the decline. The Task Force report detailed several problems with the Bank’s project selection and implementation process. A review of the report and other literature concludes that projects often fail to achieve their goals because of overly optimistic ex-ante appraisals, and project delays. The project selection and design process should attempt to mitigate the risk of project delay by ensuring that financing is available on time, site conditions are stable, and the supply of materials is adequate. A regression analysis based on projects implemented in the 21st century investigates how project success has changed since the report, and how the Bank can continue to improve its project selection process. It concludes that the Bank’s projects are more successful when implemented in countries with a political environment conducive to businesses. In addition, projects experience more delays and are less successful when the borrowing country is responsible for funding a large percentage of the project.
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Sikorska, Małgorzata, and P. G. Pererva. "Social media marketing: the nature and components." Thesis, НТУ "ХПІ", 2017. http://repository.kpi.kharkov.ua/handle/KhPI-Press/31152.
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We believe that the solution to this problem lies in constructing models that compile on an abstract level, the nature of real processes management taking into account the characteristics of the business environment. This means that predictive models should focus lag the trends of the past, the rationality of plans for the future and adaptability to the emerging patterns of reality.
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Demopoulos, George D., and Emmanuel K. Fratzeskos. "Macroeconomic developments and problems in the transition process of the Bulgarian economy." Universität Potsdam, 1998. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2011/4882/.
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This paper analyses the macroeconomic developments which have taken place in the Bulgarian economy in the period 1993-1997. The paper also looks at the institutional arrangements and the process of economic policy-making in the country. In this context the problems the Bulgarian economy has experienced in the transition process towards a market-oriented economy are also studied.
The paper proceeds as follows: Section 2 looks at the institutional arrangements and the process of economic policy-making through 1995. Section 3 studies the deep economic crisis in 1996 and points out what went wrong in that period. Section 4 continues studying the economic crisis of the Bulgarian economy as well as the problems in the transition process during the first half of 1997. Section 5 looks at the economic developments during the second half of 1997 and points to the prospects for growth in 1998. Section 6 deals with the Bulgarian financial institutions and the existing institutional arrangements. Finally, Section 7 concludes the paper.
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Abbasi, Hamon. "Velayat park : En plats för gränsöverskridande möten mellan människor med olika socioekonomisk status." Thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Arkitektur och vatten, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-65010.
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Tehran, the capital of Iran has undergone major urbanization in the last century, which has caused uncontrollable urban growth. Poor regulation and control of this growth has given rise to environmental problems including high air and water pollution. In turn, this has led to urban growth towards the mountains in the north, where the environment is better. However, this pressure to develop in the north has increased segregation of the city and created a clear social division of class between the northern and southern parts of the City. In light of this, and in the context of Tehran as an extremely dense city with limited green space, the City sees a possibility in transforming an unused military airport in the southern districts of the city into a new urban park. This master thesis explores how to reclaim the 270Ha former airfield and develop it as an urban park with strengthened links to surrounding neighbourhoods. The work aims to gain an understanding of how large vacant areas can become successful public areas and green places in the community. The work is based on urban theory and site analysis and brings forward design proposals for the park. Analysis work is divided into an investigative and exploratory stage. The investigative part includes literature studies, data collection and mapping of the city’s urban morphological development, taking into account physical and socio-economic processes. The exploratory part consisted of inventories, site studies and interviews in Tehran, as well as integration analysis with space syntax to explore accessibility and connections in the new park. Throughout the study shows how and why the city has evolved and highlights a connection between living in the southern districts, which are low-income areas, with also having poor access to public and recreation areas. This analysis forms the foundations for the design proposal, visualizations and programs presented about how the area can be designed as a new urban city park. In conclusion, the study highlights that in order to be able to develop new places or renew existing area’s, consideration must be given to urban morphological development. This includes the socio-economic and socio-ecological process. It further concludes, that a ecological viewpoint together with a understanding of the physical environment, the urban landscape identity and the need of people in the context needs to be brought together to plan and create parks and urban spaces
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Tugan, Mustafa. "Terms Of Trade And Economic Development In Turkey Since 1970." Master's thesis, METU, 2006. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12607463/index.pdf.
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In this thesis, the terms of trade changes in Turkey since 1970 are analyzed.
In the 1970s, Turkey faced strong terms of trade declines mainly due to two oil price
shocks. Rapid diversification of Turkish exports into manufactures was instrumental
in avoiding further declines in its terms of trade in the 1980s. However, the slow
pace of the diversification into more skill- and technology-intensive manufactures in
Turkey combined with the fallacy of composition problem in low-tech, labourintensive
manufactures may pose a real danger to the prices of its exports. To the
extent that in the long-term, the changes in terms of trade of a country are determined
by the level of technology embodied in its exports, the concentration of Turkish
exports in low-tech, labour-intensive manufactures may highlight the need for
upgrading exports and establishing backward- and forward-linkages between
industries to escape from the trap of terms of trade deterioration in the long-term.
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Yakob, Ramsin. "The Problem with Errors : Solution Search in Platform Development." Doctoral thesis, Linköpings universitet, Företagsekonomi, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-20573.
Full textAbstract:
This dissertation is concerned with problem-solving in platform development. A problem isconceived of as an obstacle that needs to be overcome in order to reach a desired outcome,whereas a solution is denoted by the set of activities required to reach such an outcome. Aplatform is conceived of as the technological foundation made up of a number of elements thatare purposely planned and developed to form a common structure from which a stream ofderivative products can be developed. Problem-solving in platform development is a non-trivialtask since platforms need to cater for both commonality and distinctiveness across a number ofderivative products. Further, several design architectures are intertwined in the development ofplatforms, giving rise to increased complexity. The purpose of this dissertation is to exploreplatform development from a problem-solving perspective, with the purpose of answering whatproblem-solving activities are carried out in platform development processes, how are differentapproaches to the search for solutions related to problem-solving in platform development, andhow can problem-solving in platform development be conceptualized? This dissertation is basedon two empirical studies of platform development processes from the telecommunication andautomotive industry, and draws upon a qualitative research methodology. The result of this studyis an iterative and dynamic model of solution search in problem-solving. This dissertationimplies a distinction between problems and errors in platform development. Solution searchemerge as a matter of choice of whether to engage in problem-solving activities and/or errorcorrection activities during the development of platforms. Solution search also surface as anintermingled process of search for required inputs, outputs, or governing laws (i.e. solutions) forreaching a desired goal. In this process, analytical search, directional search, and synthesizedsearch and the facilitation and management of both feed-back and feedforward is important.Denna avhandling berör problemlösning i plattformsutvecklingsprocesser. Ett problem avser etthinder som måste övervinnas för att nå ett önskat resultat, medan en lösning betecknas med deaktiviteter som krävs för att nå ett sådant resultat. Med plattform avses den teknologiska grund,bestående av ett antal element, som är avsiktligt planerade och utvecklade för att bilda engemensam struktur via vilken en ström av olika produkter kan utvecklas. Problemlösning iutvecklandet av plattformar är en icke-trivial uppgift eftersom plattformar måste tillgodose bådegemensamhet och särprägel i ett antal produkter. Vidare så är flera designarkitekturersammanflätade i utvecklandet av plattformar, vilket ger upphov till ökad komplexitet. Syftet meddenna avhandling är att undersöka plattformsutveckling från ett problemlösningsperspektiv, isyfte att svara på vilka problemlösningsaktiviteter som bedrivs i plattformutvecklingsprocesser,hur olika strategier för att söka efter lösningar i samband med problemlösning iplattformsutveckling är relaterade till varandra, samt hur problemlösning i plattformsutvecklingkan föreställas. Denna avhandling bygger på två empiriska studier av plattformsutvecklingsprocesseri telekommunikation och fordonsindustrin, och bygger på en kvalitativforskningsmetodik. Resultatet av denna undersökning är en iterativ och dynamisk modell förlösningsökning. Denna avhandling föreslår en skillnad mellan ett problem och ett fel iutvecklandet av telekommunikationsplattformar och fordonsplattformar. Lösningssökandeframstår som ett val mellan att engagera sig i problemlösning eller/och felkorrigering underutvecklandet av plattformar. Lösningssökande framstår också som en sammansmält process avsökande efter nödvändig input, output och de styrande lagar (dvs. lösningar) för att nå ett önskatmål. I denna process är analytisk sökande, riktat sökande, syntetiserad sökande, ochförvaltningen av både återkoppling och framåtkopplingning viktig.
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Krishnamurthy, Senthil. "Development of decomposition methods for solution of a multiarea power dispatch optimisation problem." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/1193.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree
Doctor of Technology: Electrical Engineering
in the Faculty of Engineering
at the Cape Peninsula University of Technology
2013The objective of the economic dispatch problem of electrical power generation is to schedule the committed generating unit outputs to meet the required load demand while satisfying the system equality and inequality constraints. The thesis formulates single area and multi-area Combined Economic Emission Dispatch (CEED) problem as single criterion, bi-criterion and multi-criteria optimisation problems based on fuel cost and emission criterion functions, constraints over the operational limits of the generator and the tie-lines, and requirements for a balance between the produced power and the system demand and power loss. Various methods, algorithms and softwares are developed to find solution of the formulated problems in single area and multi-area power systems. The developed methods are based on the classical Lagrange's and on the meta-heuristic Particle Swarm Optimisation (PSO) techniques for a single criterion function. Transformation of the bi-criteria or multi-criteria dispatch problem to a single criterion one is done by some existing and two proposed in the thesis penalty factors. The solution of the CEED problems is obtained through implementation of the developed software in a sequential way using a single computer, or in a data-parallel way in a Matlab Cluster of Computers (CC). The capabilities of the developed Lagrange's and PSO algorithms are compared on the basis of the obtained results. The conclusion is that the Lagrange's method and algorithm allows to receive better solution for less computation time. Data-parallel implementation of the developed software allows a lot of results to be obtained for the same problem using different values of some of the problem parameters. According to the literature papers, there are many algorithms available to solve the CEED problem for the single area power systems using sequential methods of optimisation, but they consume more computation time to solve this problem. The thesis aim is to develop a decomposition-coordinating algorithm for solution of the Multi Area Economic Emission Dispatch (MAEED) problem of power systems. The MAEED problem deals with the optimal power dispatch inside and between the multiple areas and addresses the environmental issue during the economic dispatch. To ensure the system security, tie-line transfer limits between different areas are incorporated as a set of constraints in the optimisation problem. A decomposition coordinating method based on the Lagrange's algorithm is developed to derive a set of optimal solutions to minimize the fuel cost and emissions of the multi-area power systems. An augmented function of Lagrange is applied and its decomposition in interconnected sub problems is done using a new coordinating-vector. Task-parallel computing in a Matlab Cluster is used to solve the multi-area dispatch problem. The calculations and tasks allocation to the Cluster workers are based on a shared memory architecture. Implementation of the calculation algorithm using a Cluster of Computers allows quick and simpler solutions to the multi-area CEED problem. The thesis applied the developed algorithms for the various problem formulation scenarios, i.e. fuel cost and emission function with and without valve point loading effect, quadratic and cubic fuel cost and emission functions. The various IEEE benchmark models are used to test the developed Lagrange's and PSO algorithms in the sequential, data-parallel, and task-parallel implementations. Developed methods, algorithms and software programmes can be applied for solution of various energy management problems in the regional and national control centres, smart grid applications, and in education and research institutions.