Academic literature on the topic 'Economic develpment'

This paper investigates the impact of remittance inflows on economic growth and poverty reduction for seven African countries using annual data from 1992-2010. By using the depth of hunger as a proxy for poverty in a Simultaneous Equation Model (SEM), we find that remittances have statistically significant growth enhancing and poverty reducing impact. Drawing on our estimates, we conclude that financial development level significantly increases the remittances inflows and strengthens poverty alleviating impact of remittances. Results of our study further show a signficant interactive imapct of remittances and finacial develpment on economic growth, suggesting the substitutability between remittance inflows and financial development. We further find that 3 percentage point increase in credit provision to the private sector (financial development) can help eliminate the severe depth of hunger in the region. Remittances, serving an alternative source of private credit, can be effective in this regard. Keywords: Remittance Inflow, Poverty Alleviation, Financial Development, Simultaneous Equation Model

O texto pretende contribuir para a discussão relacionada ao desenvolvimento econômico e o papel ou função de normas jurídicas e/ou sociais. A denominada lex mercatoria, fruto da necessidade de afastar a aplicação do direito comum, criou regras especiais que, aplicadas pelas corporações, geraram confiança e estímulos para o exercício da atividade. Quanto à questão da codificação desse ramo do Direito, estudo de Lisa Bernstein, explica não ser a solução ideal enquanto o de Schäfer e Wulf se volta para a importância da formação de profissionais do direito para dar segurança aos agentes econômicos em suas relações econômicas. A conclusão do texto é de que, sem confiança não haverá investimentos produtivos e que, dessa forma, a legislação, seja a positivada ou a soft Law é essencial para o crescimento econômico. Palavras-chave: Comercial. Desenvolvimento econômico. Relações Econômicas. Abstract: The study aims to contribute to the discussion of economic develpment/ growth and the Law. Startig with the lex mercatória, the discussion goes back to the Middle Age and the contribution of merchants to the development. Reference is made to Bernstein and Schäfer-Wuld studies to demonstrate that codes are not Always necessary but scientifically prepared professional are mandatory. But mainly that with no confidence in the institutions, no investment decisions will be made, harming the society in general. Keywords: Commercial. Economic development. Economic Relations.

Demographic dividend is a dynamica in demographic that accurs due to the change of demographic structure based on age, where the number of productive population is higher than un-productive populatian. Indonesia has experiancing this conditian since 2015 untill 2035. Although west Sumatera is not fully experiancing demographic dividend, this conditions still offers an opportunity to improve welfare and promote a better economic development by improving and optimalizing the development of economic sector. Since agricultural sector is the biggest sector contributing to GDP and absorb labour in West Sumatera, the goverment should optimalize the develpment of this sector. Beside that, West Sumatera is a hinterland area (LQ=1,750) that can provide agricultural commodity for other provinces. Assumingly that the requarement of a good quality of human resource is fulfilled, the ability to purchase of the productive population in Indonesia will increase and create more demand for good quality of agricultural commodities. Additionally, this condition is an opportunity of West Sumatera to develop sub-sector of agroindutry in order to create value added of agricultural commodity. The development of agroindustry not only will increase farmers income in rural area but also will reduce un-employment in West Sumatera. Key word : demographic, development, agriculture

The competence of the teacher has a direct impact on its productivity and therefore develpment of behavioral models teachers become the main long-term factor
 of competitiveness of the University. In modern labor economics there are different approaches to building a competency model, however they describe the behavior
 of the teacher, or from a position of pedagogical activity, either in terms of its research and development activities. We submitted that effective professional activity
 in modern conditions should be considered from the standpoint of the competitiveness of the University. The modern model of competences of the University teacher
 needs to focus on such professional activities as teacher-teacher, by the educational and scientific functions, the teacher as the creator of competitive advantages
 of the University.

The present work is a revision of corruption and the social effects it has on culture, poverty, gender and social organizations, interpreting these instances as integrative for the understanding of corruption as a phenomenon. Furthermore, the present work analyses the legal context of corruption in Paraguay. To address this, a literature review of current and topical research was carry it out, contextualizing the problem from a regional South American perspective and relating it to the efforts of the Paraguayan state with a focus on social corruption as described by various experts on the matter. In terms of the latter, the revision of the legal context of corruption in Paraguay creates an overview of the phenomenon, thus not only identifying the principal institutions, but also exposing their institutional evolution and the changes they represent in reality.
 Bibliografy
 Acemoglu, D.y Verdier, T. (2000), “The Choice between Market Failures and Corruption”. The American Economic Review, 194-211.
 Andvig, J. y Odd-Helge, F. (2000) “Research on Corruption: A Policy Oriented Survey”. Michelson institute y Norweigan Institute of international Affairs.
 Banco Mundial. (2000). Anticorruption in Transition: A Contribution to the Policy Debate. Washington, D.C: The World Bank.
 Biderbost, P. (2016). Guía para la Construcción de mapas de riesgos de Corrupción. Asunción: Secretaría Nacional Anticorrupción.
 Borda, D. & Caballero, M. (2017). Una reforma tributaria para mejorar la equidad y la recaudación. Revista Estudios Paraguayos. 107-132.
 Brunetti, A. & Weder, B. (1998). Explaining Corruption. University of Saarland and University of Basel.
 Carpenter, D. y Moss, D. (2014). Introduction. En: Carpenter, D. y Moss, D. (2014). Preventing Regulatory Capture: Special Interest Influence and How to Limit It. Nueva York, Estados Unidos: Cambridge University Press
 Comité Interinstitucional Técnico de Apoyo a la Implementación de la Convención Interamericana Contra la Corrupción – CITAIC. (2007). Informe de la república del Paraguay sobre las disposiciones seleccionadas para la segunda ronda de evaluación de la Convención Interamericana Contra la Corrupción para la XI Reunión del Comité de Expertos del MESISIC del 25 al 30 de junio de 2007, en Washington, D.C. Disponible en: http://www.oas.org/juridico/spanish/mec_avance_pryXI.pdf
 Consejo Impulsor del Sistema Nacional de Integridad – CISNI. (2003). Informe de Paraguay de la primera ronda de evaluación. Obtenido de: http://www.pj.gov.py/images/contenido/daii/cisni/unidad2/pdf/convencion.pdf
 De Quiróz, L. B. (1998). Dialnet. Obtenido de https://dialnet.unirioja.es/descarga/articulo/5110352.pdf
 Dimant, E. & Tosato, G. (2018). Causes and effects of corruption: what has past decade’s empirical research taught us? A survey. Journal of Economic Surveys. Vol. 32, No. 2, pp. 335–356.
 Etkin, J. (1993). La Doble Moral de las Organizaciones: Los Sistemas Perversos y la Corrupción Institucionalizada. Madrid, Editorial Mac Graw Hill.
 Fishman, R. y Gatti, R. (2000) “Decentralization and Corruption: Evidence Across Countries”. World Bank Policy Research Working Paper 2290.
 Friedrich, C. J. (1990), “Corruption Concepts in Historical Perspective.” in Political Corruption: A Handbook, Heidenheimer, A.J.; Johnston, M.; and LeVine, V.T. (eds.). New Brunswick. Transaction Publishers.
 Fukuyama, F. (1995). Trust: The Social Virtues and the Creation of Prosperity. New York, Free Press.
 Gould, D. y Amaro-Reyes, J. (1983) “The Effect of Corruption in Administrative
 Gray, C. y Kaufman, D. (1998) "Corruption and Development". Finance and Develpment, N° 35.
 Habermas, J. (1998). ¿Aprendemos de las Catástrofes? Diagnóstico y Retrospectiva de Nuestro Breve Siglo XX. Revista Nexos y copiado de El Mercurio.
 Hellman, J. & Kaufmann, D. (2001). La captura del Estado en las economías en transición. Finanzas & Desarrollo, septiembre, pp.31 – 35.
 Hellman, J. y Kaufmann, D. (2001). La captura del Estado en las economías en transición. Finanzas & Desarrollo, septiembre, pp.31 – 35.
 Hellman, J. y Schankerman, M. (2000). Intervention, Corruption and Capture: The Nexus between Enterprises and the State. European Bank for Reconstruction and Development Working Paper, No. 58.
 Hodgson, G. y Jiang, X. (2008). La economía de la corrupción y la corrupción de la economía: una perspectiva institucionalista. Revista de Economía Institucional, vol. 10, núm. 18, pp. 55-80.
 Kaufmann, D. (1997) "Corruption: The Facts". World Bank Policy Working Paper. 
 Latinobarómetro. (2018). Latinobarómetro. Obtenido de http://www.latinobarometro.org/lat.jsp
 Llorente y Cuenca. (Setiembre de 2016). Desarrollando Ideas D+I. Obtenido de https://www.desarrollando-ideas.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/5/2016/09/160912_DI_informe_Corrupcion_LatAm_ESP.pdf
 Malem Seña, J. (2000) Globalización, Comercio Internacional y Corrupción, Barcelona, Editorial Gedisa.
 Malem Seña, J. (2000), Globalización, Comercio Internacional y Corrupción. Barcelona, Editorial Gedisa.
 Mauro, P. (1995) “Corruption and Growth”. Quarterly Journal of Economics. CX, 681
 Méndez Giraldo, G.; López Santana, E. (Abril de 2016). Problema Social de la Corrupción. Perspectivas desde la dinámica de sistemas. Obtenido de Editorial Udistrital: http://editorial.udistrital.edu.co/contenido/c-870.pdf
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 Proud´homme, R. (1995). "The Dangers of Decentralization". The World Bank Research Observer, Vol. 10, N° 2.
 Reos, O. (2002). “Efectos Económicos de la Corrupción”. Documento de la División de Programas de Estado y Sociedad Civil1. Banco Interamericano de Desarrollo.
 Rose-Ackerman, S. (2001). Corrupción y los Gobiernos. Barcelona, Editorial Siglo XX.
 SENAC. (2018). Sistema de seguimiento de procesos. Asunción: SENAC.
 Serafini, V. (2017). Elites y captura del Estado. Paraguay: un estudio exploratorio. Asunción. Decidamos.
 Shleifer, A. & Vishny, R. (1993). “Corruption”. Quarterly Journal of Economics, Vol. 103, N° 3.
 Soto, R. (2003). Flacso Andes. Obtenido de Biblioteca Digital de Vanguardia para Investigación en Ciencias Sociales Región Andina y América Latina: www.flacsoandes.edu.ec/web/imagesFTP/1275931953.raimundo_soto.pdf
 Suárez, F. & Gorrochategui, N. (1998). Corrupción Organizacional: Aspectos vinculados a la Estructura de Oportunidades en Diversos Tipos de Organizaciones y Casos de Corrupción Institucionalizados. Instituto de Investigaciones Administrativas de la Facultad de Ciencias Económicas de la Universidad de Buenos Aires.
 Swamy, A. (1999) “Gender and Corruption”. Draft Paper, IRIS Center, University of Maryland.
 Swamy, A. (1999). Gender and Corruption. Draft Paper, Iris Center, University of Maryland.
 Sztompka, P. (1997). “Trust, distrust and the paradox of democracy”. Centro Científico de Berlín para la Investigación Social. Disponible en http://skylla.wz-berlin.de/pdf/1997/p97-003.pdf
 Tanzi, V. (2000) Policies, Institutions and the Dark Side of Economics. Chetenham. Edward Elgar.
 Tanzi, V. y Davoodi, H. (1998) “Corruption, Public Investment and Growth”. International Monetary Found Working Paper, 97-139.
 Transparencia Internacional. (2017). Transparency International. Obtenido de https://www.transparency.org/news/feature/corruption_perceptions_index_2017
 Transparency International (2017). Corruption Perceptions Index. Berlin, August.
 Trujillo Arjona, A. (2002) “La Corrupción Política: Una Revisión de la Literatura”. Universidad Carlos III de Madrid. Documento de Trabajo 02-14.
 Trujillo Arjona, A. (2002). La Corrupción Política: Una Revisión de la Literatura. Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, Documento de Trabajo 02-14.
 Varese, F. (2001). “Pervasive Corruption”, Working Paper, disponible en www.colbud.hu/honesty-trust/varese/pub01.htm
 Weyland, K. (1998) “The Politics of Corruption in Latin America”. Journal of Democracy 9, 108-21.
 Zavala, R. (2013). Universidad Autónoma Nuevo León. Obtenido de Repositorio Académico Digital: http://eprints.uanl.mx/3759/1/Apuntes_sobre_la_historia_de_la_corrupcion.pdf

This paper aims to analyze the develpmental dynamics concerning the governance of Balinese Joged Bumbung performances in the era of globalization. Developments being analyzed involve innovations in governance of performance standards. The methodologies utilized in conducting this research include observations, interviews, and literature studies. Post-modern aesthetic theory is utilized for analysis of phenomena such as, receptivity aesthetics and aesthetics in relation to social facts and arts of the community (Mukarovsky, 1970). Organizational innovation is a manifestation of changes in aesthetic functions by the role of supporting art, Bali’s Joged Bumbung which exists as social dance. In recent developments many manifestations of this art form have been ridiculed as joged ngebor (meaning “drill” with pornographic connotations), also is much appreciated as innovative joged (joged care jani) due to a change in governance of performance standards. This happens because of the interplay of extraneous factors (people’s taste and the influence of television entertainment arts), as well as intrinsic forces (creative power and pragmatic attitudes of performers). The taste of the people who want dancers to move in this ngebor manner is understood to be pragmatic by the performers whose affirmation of these movement modalities only for the sake of monetary interest (economic goals). Even though there are also Joged Bumbung Bali innovations; which are creative in organizing performances without being eroded to appear as pornographic and are still in demand by the community. The offer of a model of grooming performance, which prioritizes creativity in the development of accompaniment music and dance movements, has been an innovative Bali’s Joged Bumbung as an offer to fight the tendancy to be erotic.

This paper aims to analyze the develpmental dynamics concerning the governance of Balinese Joged Bumbung performances in the era of globalization. Developments being analyzed involve innovations in governance of performance standards. The methodologies utilized in conducting this research include observations, interviews, and literature studies. Post-modern aesthetic theory is utilized for analysis of phenomena such as, receptivity aesthetics and aesthetics in relation to social facts and arts of the community (Mukarovsky, 1970). Organizational innovation is a manifestation of changes in aesthetic functions by the role of supporting art, Bali’s Joged Bumbung which exists as social dance. In recent developments many manifestations of this art form have been ridiculed as joged ngebor (meaning “drill” with pornographic connotations), also is much appreciated as innovative joged (joged care jani) due to a change in governance of performance standards. This happens because of the interplay of extraneous factors (people’s taste and the influence of television entertainment arts), as well as intrinsic forces (creative power and pragmatic attitudes of performers). The taste of the people who want dancers to move in this ngebor manner is understood to be pragmatic by the performers whose affirmation of these movement modalities only for the sake of monetary interest (economic goals). Even though there are also Joged Bumbung Bali innovations; which are creative in organizing performances without being eroded to appear as pornographic and are still in demand by the community. The offer of a model of grooming performance, which prioritizes creativity in the development of accompaniment music and dance movements, has been an innovative Bali’s Joged Bumbung as an offer to fight the tendancy to be pornographic.

Green marketing is not something new in business. Nowdays, environmental issues become the best opportunity in the marketing strategy. Awearness about environtmental and save the earth become one chance from our responsibility. Environmental damage has become everybody concern, including unit business interst fast food at Karawang Mall. In practice, not all units conducting green issues, but most consumer producst using packaging that can biodegrade in a shoorter time. Research purposes to obtain empirical evidence and find clarity phenomena and conclusions about Green Marketing Strategy For Increasing Customer Satisfaction Case Study In Fast Food Business Company Group At Mall Karawang espacially in environmantally friendly food packaging. This research is expected to contribute to the develpment of economics, especially marketing management. Research conducted on 60 speakers as costumers at fast food group at Mall Karawang using qualitative methods with a naturalistic approach. Data is narrative, descriptive, field notes according to interviews and dokumentation, and make conclusions and recomendations. The results of the analysis of research data, it is concluded as follows : 1. Application of green marketing strategies carried out by business in the Mall Karawang were overlooked by the customers due to perceived lack of information. 2. Customer satisfaction is not obtained from the application of the strategy management of green marketing fast food business group at Mall Karawang but service strategy and menu options. 3. Customers tend to come back even if green marketing strategy is not done because of three basic lean namely; taste, price, and prestige. 4. Factors which become obstacles in the implemantation of green marketing strategy for customers is that customera do not understand the importance of the strategy undertaken by the management to maintain environtmental balance. This is due to a lack of understanding of management information to customers is not done continously/ constantly. The results of this study, given some recommandations to the fast food business group in Mall Karawang. Key words : green marketing, implementation of strategy green marketing, eco-friendly food packaging, customer satisfaction.

As city governments and universities expand their roles in economic development, an opportunity is created to transform a university–city relationship from an operational one to a strategic one and from co-existence to collaboration. Impacted by history and context, there are many challenges to overcome. The goal of my thesis was to understand the “doing of collaboration” and the specific management processes in university–local government collaborations. I conducted a comparative case study of a Canadian University, Simon Fraser University, and two city governments, Burnaby and Surrey. A number of management processes are critical in building a successful collaboration. Two of the most important are the use of one or more liaison people with the appropriate skills, mandate and access to resources and the involvement of representatives at different organizational levels, particularly faculty who provide access to the university’s research capacity. Bilateral city–university committees and a good relationship between the university president and city mayor are useful but not sufficient to deepen the collaboration. The involvement of third-party organizations in the university–city relationship is beneficial. The importance of trust-building processes such as attribution and dispute resolution are heightened if there is a need to overcome a negative historical incident, an isolated geographic location, or tensions over transactional issues. While management processes are important, a shared strategic goal is paramount. This shared goal may not be evident at the start of a relationship. To identify the shared goal, it is necessary to have an understanding of the most valued university roles given the city’s context and aims. Each organization must have sufficient trust to enter into a deeper collaboration and an initial condition of openness, responsiveness, and commitment is necessary. The thesis provides practical advice to cities and universities and reveals how demonstration of value can build over increasingly ambitious projects.

Este trabalho estuda as motivações políticas e a racionalidade econômica do governo Ernesto Geisel. A pesquisa é baseada em pesquisa bibliográfica e documental. A questão central do trabalho é: em que medida os objetivos políticos e econômicos do governo Ernesto Geisel estão associados? Qual a racionalidade da adoção do II PND e sua conexão com o projeto de institucionalização do regime militar? A hipótese a ser testada é a adoção do II PND como politicamente e economicamente racional. Tem-se, a priori, que racionalidade econômica e racionalidade política podem ser compreendidas em conjunto. São discutidas as singularidades do governo autoritário e de s ua legitimidade, o papel da oposição e das eleições, além do objetivo de institucionalização do regime, condição para o projeto de distensão política pretendido. É recapitulada a conjuntura econômica do período Geisel, são analisadas as reformas institucionais realizadas e avaliadas as políticas econômicas e seus efetivos resultados, com especial atenção ao II PND. A seguir, são confrontadas as principais interpretações sobre o governo Geisel e o II PND. Finalmente, é proposta uma avaliação sobre a racionalidade econômica e política do governo Geisel com o auxilio do modelo de Acemoglu e Robinson (2001). Como resultados principais, são identificados elementos que atestam a racionalidade econômica do projeto desenvolvimentista em meio à crise do petróleo, bem como a confluência dessa racionalidade à pretensão maior de institucionalizar o regime militar brasileiro para dar vazão ao processo de distensão política, com o que se argumenta também que a sustentação do crescimento econômico pode ser compreendida como uma estratégia politicamente racional.<br>This dissertation studies the political motivations and the economic rationality of Ernesto Geisel government. The research is based on bibliographical and documentary research. The central issue of this paper is: to what extent the political and economic objectives of the Ernesto Geisel's government are associated? What is the rationale for the adoption of the II PND and its connection with the institutionalization of military regime project? The hypothesis to be tested is the adoption of the II PND as politically and economically rational. It is considered, a priori, that economic rationality and political rationality can be understood together. It discusses singularities of the authoritarian government and its legitimacy, the role of the opposition and the elections, furthermore the regime institutionalization objective as condition for the intended policy of transition project. It sets out economic conditions of the Geisel period, analyzes the institutional reforms undertaken and evaluates the economic policies and their effective results, with special attention to the II PND. Following the main interpretations of the Geisel government and the II PND are confronted. Finally, it is proposed an evaluation of the economic rationality and Geisel government policy with the help of the Acemoglu and Robinson (2001) model. As main results are identified elements that attest to the economic rationality of the development project in the midst of the oil crisis, and the confluence of this rationality with the largest claim of institutionalize the Brazilian military regime to give way to political transition process, what also argues that sustaining economic growth can be understood as a politically rational strategy.

According to the research, it is shown that the economic profits losses caused by single profit model that treats only one business as core business and potential risks may be reduced by the risk management system. To verify this, I did an internship in Zhongtai securities company to learn about its risk management system and give proper suggestions to improve this system . Finally, this report will also attempt to predict the future development of Zhongtai securities company under the new policy of the Belt and Road.