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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Economic diplomacy'
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Azrieli, Naomi. "Soviet economic diplomacy, 1941-1947." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.324974.
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Mota, Maria Dulce de Oliveira. "Diplomacia portuguesa no mundo globalizado - Mudanças e continuidades." Master's thesis, Universidade de Évora, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10174/28726.
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Tendo em conta a globalização da sociedade e as transformações a que estão sujeitas todas as instituições, importa saber se a diplomacia portuguesa terá enfrentado muitas mudanças. A era da aldeia global de McLuhan em constante aceleração por via das novas tecnologias e das facilidades de comunicação alteraram, não o objetivo, mas a forma de exercer a diplomacia. As principais funções diplomáticas mantêm-se mas com alterações, umas mais do que outras, tentando acompanhar a evolução da sociedade. O acesso à própria carreira diplomática também sofreu algumas alterações como resposta a uma necessidade premente de profissionais no corpo diplomático. Novos atores surgiram e novas diplomacias também. Falamos de diplomacia pública mas também da diplomacia económica. Especial destaque para esta última que, no que a Portugal diz respeito, constituiu, nos últimos tempos, uma das mais importantes áreas para o país. É hoje fundamental na nova agenda económica do país e assume um papel preponderante na nova dimensão da competitividade em Portugal. As empresas, os empresários e as associações empresariais podem, portanto, ser vistas, elas próprias como atores de diplomacia porquanto, não raras vezes, geram valor ao país, através da imagem e do seu trabalho no, ou com o exterior. A instalação crescente de agências da AICEP nas embaixadas são o resultado de um esforço comum com o objetivo claro de reforçar ações de diplomacia económica. Tanto os diplomatas de topo como os de início de carreira concordam que houve alterações às quais a diplomacia portuguesa se teve de adaptar não obstante o facto de, na sua essência e propósito, se manterem os principais pilares diplomáticos. Por este motivo e pese embora, muitos outros atores venham a surgir de futuro e ao ritmo da globalização, a sua função (diplomatas) nunca deixará de fazer sentido. Pode-se ter acesso a mais informação, mas muita dela necessita de ser filtrada, pode-se encontrar novos meios e novos profissionais para negociações, mas muitas vezes, necessitar-se-á de um intermediário ao nível diplomático para que essas negociações não caiam por terra. A diplomacia tem assim o seu “lugar” assegurado ainda que divida a atenção, quer com o poder político quer com os novos atores; Abstract:
Bearing in mind the globalization of society and the transformations in all institutions, it is important to know whether Portuguese Diplomacy has faced many changes. The era of McLuhan's global village, which is constantly accelerating due to new technologies and communication facilities, has changed, not the purpose, but the way of exercising diplomacy. The main diplomatic functions are preserved but with changes, some more than others, trying to follow the evolution of society itself. Access to the diplomatic career itself has also undergone some changes in response to a pressing need for professionals in the diplomatic corps. New actors have emerged and new diplomacy as well. We speak of public diplomacy but also of economic diplomacy. Special emphasis is placed on the latter, which, as far as Portugal is concerned, has recently been one of the most important áreas. It is now crucial in the country's new economic agenda and assumes a leading role in the new dimension of competitiveness in Portugal. Companies, entrepreneurs and business associations can, therefore, be seen, themselves as actors of diplomacy because, often, they generate value to the country, through the image and their work in, or with the outside. The increasing installation of AICEP agencies at embassies is the result of a joint effort with the clear objective of reinforcing economic diplomacy actions. Both top and new diplomats agree that there have been changes to which Portuguese diplomacy had to adapt despite the fact that, in essence and purpose, the main diplomatic pillars remain. For this reason and despite the fact that many other actors will emerge in the future and at the pace of globalization, diplomat’s role will never fail to make sense. They can have access to more information, but a lot of it needs to be filtered, they can find new ways and new professionals for negotiations, but often, they will need an intermediary at the diplomatic level so that these negotiations do not fall overland. Thus, diplomacy has its “place” ensured even if it divides attention, either with political power or with new actors.
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Omelyanenko, V., and V. Skoryk. "Economic diplomacy in Ukraine: state and tasks." Thesis, Sumy State University, 2017. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/64986.
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Economic diplomacy as a specific area of the modern diplomatic activity is
connected with the current economic problems of state and is used by means of an
object and has some sense according to the problem and strategy contest and
cooperation within the international relations. The economic diplomacy
presupposes diplomatic actions, oriented to increase export, to involve foreign
investments and to participate in the work of the international economic
organizations, i.e. actions, concentrated to confirm economic interests of the
country at the international level. Economic diplomacy is many sided and includes
several types of components, strategies and tools which are different by specialized
spheres of application in policy and content of solving nation`s tasks, specific
nature of diplomatic impact means and methods, another economic features and
peculiarities [1; 2; 3].
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Soeya, Yoshihide. "Japan's economic diplomacy with China, 1945-1978." Oxford : New York : Clarendon Press ; Oxford University Press, 1998. http://www.loc.gov/catdir/enhancements/fy0606/99219973-t.html.
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Šolcová, Lenka. "Ekonomická diplomacie Německa v České republice." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2010. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-85836.
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This thesis concentrates on the system of the german economic diplomacy and how this system is applied in the practice. The goal is to characterize how this system is functioning and to define it from three points of view -- its aims, actors and instruments -- and to ilustrate this elements on the example of applying the german economic diplomacy in the Czech republic. The thesis captures the framework for the german economic diplomacy, in general it defines the terms diplomacy, economic diplomacy and spicifies existing organization models of economic diplomacy. It decribes the importance of economic diplomacy in the current foreign policy, concrete in the german foreign economic policy,and concentrates on the significant partial policies and foreign economic relations of Germany to the most important regions in the world. The thesis stresses out the current functioning of the system of the german economic diplomacy in the context of its development. It analyses economic-diplomatic aims in the german foreign economic policy, defines the actors and instruments of the german economic diplomacy. Finally it captures specifics of its applying in the Czech republic.
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Mlaba, Lindokuhle Hendrick. "The impact of South Africa's economic diplomacy on Africa's development." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/11531.
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South Africa has become a significant role player in the international relations since being readmitted into the world community after the first democratic election in 1994. The primary focus of country’s international relations is the African continent. South Africa has played a pivotal role in bringing peace across the continent. There has also been an increase in South Africa’s engagement with the continent on economic and trade issues. South Africa’s economic diplomacy has been scrutinized from different angles. There has been perceptions of a South Africa with imperialists or hegemonic tendencies resembling those of the West. There are also those who view South Africa’s economic role in the continent in the positive light as a contributor to economic growth and development. The South African governments have always preached the notion of the “African agenda” and the interest in fair trade and engagement with the continent. This study assesses different debates regarding South Africa’s economic diplomacy in Africa and explores if this is benefiting the continent’s development. The study also considers if such economic diplomacy has positive spin off for the South African economy. Since economic diplomacy is operated at government level the study also considers how economic diplomacy is coordinated in South Africa. There are a number of recommendations presented for the improvement of economic diplomacy in South Africa.
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Lopes, Ana Filipa Vale. "A diplomacia portuguesa como um instrumento de renovação da credibilidade e prestígio externos durante e pós-crise." Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Ciências Sociais e Políticas, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/14976.
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Dissertação de Mestrado em Relações InternacionaisO objetivo da dissertação é compreender como a diplomacia portuguesa foi, no contexto europeu de 2008 a 2015, e continua a ser, um instrumento de renovação da credibilidade e prestígio de Portugal no estrangeiro. Durante o período em estudo, Portugal atravessou uma crise económico-financeira que, apesar de não se ter refletido numa perda da boa imagem do país, condicionou a sua ação externa, tornando imperativa a criação de novas estratégias de renovação da sua credibilidade e prestígio externos. A dissertação analisa a atuação da diplomacia portuguesa no período em questão, designadamente o trabalho executado pelos principais atores da Política Externa portuguesa (MNE, Diplomatas, Embaixadas e Consulados, AICEP, Instituto Camões). O argumento subjacente é o de que a diplomacia cumpriu a sua principal função de implementação dos objetivos da Política Externa portuguesa, principalmente o da renovação da credibilidade e prestígio externos, demonstrando que existiu uma priorização dos assuntos europeus no período em estudo. A dissertação argumenta ainda que no período pós-2015 a especialização diplomática em áreas onde Portugal tem já um passado (como China e Cabo Verde) continua a contribuir para os mesmos objetivos da renovação da credibilidade e prestígio externos
The aim of this dissertation is to understand how Portuguese diplomacy was, in the European context of 2008 to 2015, and continues to be an instrument to renew Portugal’s external credibility and prestige. During this period, Portugal went through an economic-financial crisis, which, although it hasn't had a negative effect on the country’s external image, has conditioned its external action and made it imperative to create new strategies to renew the country’s external prestige and credibility. This dissertation analyzes the Portuguese diplomacy action in the period in question through the work executed by Portuguese foreign policy actors (MNE, Diplomatas, Embaixadas e Consulados, AICEP e Instituto Camões). The major goal of this study is to argue that diplomacy fulfilled its main function of implementation foreign policy goals, mainly, the renewal of the country’s external prestige and credibility, demonstrating that there was a prioritization of European Affairs in the period of 2008 to 2015. This dissertation also argues that in post-2015 the specialization of diplomacy on areas where Portugal already has a past (as China and Cape Verde) continues to contribute to the same goals of the renewal of the country’s external prestige and credibility.
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Zhang, Shuxiu. "The dragonomic diplomacy (De)code : a study on the causal relationship between Chinese economic diplomacy preference formation and the influence of multilateral economic regimes." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2013. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/747/.
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Since the reformation of the Chinese economy, two notable trends have developed. First, the growing prominence of multilateral economic regimes (MERs) on the political agenda of Beijing has propelled deepened engagements between Chinese policy actors and institutions, and the agencies of MERs. This development is accompanied by a second trend, which is a growing dynamism in China’s economic diplomacy within the multilateral arenas. This dynamism is reflected in the evolving national preferences and approaches for multilateral economic negotiations, from outright resistance to gradual flexibility, and in some cases, acceptance. The simultaneous and parallel developments of these two trends stem a curiosity on whether a causal relationship exist between the deepened China-MER engagements and the dynamism of China’s economic diplomacy. Has Beijing’s open-door policy to global economic integration opened new windows of opportunity for the MER agencies to influence China’s economic diplomacy and its preference formation? In what way(s) and/or in which capacities can the agencies of MERs assert influence on China’s economic diplomacy preference formation? Under what conditions is this form of external influence successful? What are the long-run implications of the deepened China-MER engagements on Beijing’s economic diplomacy preference formation structure? What does the China-MER relationship tell us about China’s economic diplomacy preference formation in the 21st century? Although China’s partake in the international political economy has received much scholarly attention, few studies have attempted to decode China’s economic diplomacy preference formation, and even fewer have investigated the important nexus between the China-MER relationship and the behaviours of Chinese economic diplomacy. This thesis is a response to the knowledge deficit in these regards. By examining China’s participation in the multilateral climate change, and trade 4 negotiations, the thesis addresses the primary research question, how do multilateral economic regimes and their agencies influence China’s economic diplomacy preference formation? The study finds that the MER agencies do affect Chinese economic diplomacy preference formation. However, their influence peaks at an absorption level whereby Chinese preferences adapt to external preferences but not to the extent of reforming traditional principles and beliefs. The comparatively more effective ways of asserting influence for the MER agencies is through a costs-and-benefits calculus, information dissemination, shuttle diplomacy proximity talks, and informal negotiation practices. In general, Chinese policy actors do not refute the influence of the MER agencies; rather they absorb and adapt to it. In addition, the MER agencies assert influence at different stages of the preference formation, and over time, implicitly establish themselves as integrated policy actors in Beijing. On the whole, this thesis contributes to a deeper understanding about how, why, and when international linkages matter in China’s economic diplomacy, and to the extent of driving preference transformation. The study provides useful analytic lenses that flesh out the variety of functions the MER agencies have in shaping and informing China’s national preferences and negotiation approaches. At the same time, it offers a fuller description of how the Chinese policy actors and institutions respond to (implicit) external interventions in its policy processes. Consequently, this thesis is a significant contribution that adds value to the scholarly debates and knowledge-building about one of the most important political and economic phenomenon of our time.
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Joaquim, Cláudia Claro. "A Diplomacia Económica Portuguesa e a Internacionalização da Banca : Estudo de Caso." Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/4397.
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Mestrado em Ciências EconómicasO conteúdo económico da diplomacia tem vindo a ser ampliado por força do movimento da globalização e pela integração da vertente económica em todos os sectores da sociedade. Esta vertente da diplomacia tem vindo a tornar-se cada vez mais num instrumento fundamental da actividade externa dos Estados e dos interesses de um país. Deste modo, aquela procura adaptar-se às circunstâncias actuais da economia portuguesa, o que obriga ao alargamento de funções e objectivos diplomáticos. Num contexto de mudança e de crescimento económico a internacionalização tornou-se num imperativo estratégico para qualquer banco. Os bancos portugueses procuram internacionalizar-se para mercados que apresentem vantagens competitivas globais ou específicas, ao mesmo tempo que têm vindo a desempenhar um papel primordial no apoio à internacionalização das empresas nacionais. Neste sentido, o presente trabalho procura analisar a evolução do modelo de diplomacia económica definido pelos diferentes governos e a internacionalização da banca portuguesa, que tem tido um papel muito relevante para o desenvolvimento económico do país, com a finalidade de constatar se existe relação entre estas duas temáticas.
The economic contents of diplomacy have been expanding as a result of the strength in the globalization movement and the integration of economic aspects in all the sectors of society. This particular type of diplomacy has become increasingly a fundamental tool of the external activity of the states and of the interests of a country. Thus, it seeks to adapt to the present situation of the Portuguese economy, forcing a widening of diplomatic roles and objectives. In a context of changing and economic growth, the internationalization has become a strategic imperative for any bank. The Portuguese banks seek to internationalize in global financial markets that show global or specific competitive advantages, and at the same time a primordial role in supporting the internationalization of national companies. With this purpose, the present essay hopes to analyze the evolution of the economic diplomacy model defined by the different governments and the internationalization of Portuguese banking, which has played a major role on the economic development of the country, in order to find if exists a connection between this two topics.
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Alves, Ana Cristina. "China’s oil diplomacy : comparing Chinese economic statecraft in Angola and Brazil." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2011. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/206/.
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This thesis aims to investigate the reasons for the variation in China’s oil diplomacy performance in Africa and South America in the period 2000-2010. Lacking sound experience in pursuing oil security overseas and enjoying strong financial muscle, China’s oil diplomacy is largely rooted in the extension of soft loans for infrastructure to oil-rich countries in exchange for steady oil supply and favoured access to oil acreage. Taking Angola and Brazil as case studies this thesis argues that differences in the institutional structure of the oil industry in each country, determined different outcomes regarding Beijing’s oil security goals. This thesis has found that although this template fitted well with the more centralised institutional environment in Angola, it was highly unsuitable for the more liberal and regulated Brazil setting. Furthermore, the advent of the recent global economic crisis (2008-2009) caused China to adjust its approach to the institutional particulars of Brazil becoming more efficient in that country regarding its oil security goals. Building on foreign policy analysis tools and concepts, an empirical analysis of the interplay between Chinese infrastructure-for-oil loans (hereby regarded as positive economic statecraft) and the institutional structure it met in each country, is presented. Through the case studies, this thesis aims to uncover to what extent the institutional context constrained Chinese oil diplomacy efficiency in Brazil for most of the past decade, and how innovation has surfaced in the context of the global financial crisis. This analysis thus gives interesting insights not only into the dynamics of China’s oil diplomacy in Africa and South America, but also into Chinese economic statecraft in general and how constraints that surface at the implementation level feedback into foreign policy formulation.
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Norman, Nicholas Wise. "Swinging the club : relations between the United States and the British Commonwealth in the economic transition from war to peace, 1943-1948." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.282957.
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Šorna, Jan. "Role centrál cestovního ruchu v ekonomické diplomacii." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2016. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-262250.
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The main goal of the thesis is to find out the role of national tourism agency in economic diplomacy on the example of the Czech Republic. First two parts are about point of view of tourism sources and the third and fourth sections focus on point of view of economic diplomacy sources. In the fifth chapter the both views are merged. The primary survey was conducted that was aimed at cooperation between CzechTourism and Czech economic diplomats and their tourism agenda. The last eight chapter analyses the results of the survey.
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Krčál, Adam. "Ekonomická diplomacie v novém tisíciletí a implikace pro ČR." Doctoral thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2010. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-199594.
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The dissertation thesis focused on a topical issue of the economic diplomacy, its role in the current economic discourse and its implication for the Czech Republic. The main contribution of the thesis can be seen in linking traditional economic issues, such as external economic relations balance with political issues, for example the governance of economic diplomacy on the national level. Being placed between economics and politics is a typical feature for the economic diplomacy. The thesis analysed various aspects of economic diplomacy, predominantly the export promotion and foreign direct investments. The Czech economic diplomacy has a big potential for further development. The Czech entrepreneurs are quite successful on foreign markets, both in the developed countries and in the third World. If the identified weaknesses were eliminated and some improvement measures were adopted, the positive impact on the economy and the business environment will arrive soon. The economic diplomacy plays an important role in the open economy, which is also the case of the Czech Republic. It also hugely affects the external economic balance of the country. The thesis also showed that the governance of the Czech economic diplomacy suffers from major deficiencies, particularly in terms of the distribution of powers and responsibilities. This hinders an efficient functioning of the state system of export promotion. In addition, the state support is not targeted enough at the sector of SMEs that needs the most support. The level of awareness about the public services provided is low. On the other hand, the findings showed that another important element of the economic diplomacy, the state support of foreign direct investments is very instrumental in the competitiveness of the economy and thus substantively contributes to the economic growth. The comparative analysis of the governance systems in Germany, Austria, Finland and France revealed that although the Czech system of economic diplomacy governance is similar to a certain extent to the analysed countries, there are still some issues to deal with that negatively affects the efficiency. There are a number of suggestions for further improvement provided in the thesis that can be used by the policy makers.
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Legrenzi, Matteo. "The gulf cooperation council : Diplomacy, security and economic coordination in the gulf." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.530048.
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Chantre, Zenaida Vieira Brito. "Cabo Verde:a nova diplomacia económica." Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Ciências Sociais e Políticas, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/19820.
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Dissertação de Mestrado em Relações InternacionaisA presente dissertação debruça-se sobre o novo modelo da Diplomacia Económica (DE) em Cabo Verde, enquanto recurso estratégico de desenvolvimento do país. Realça as vulnerabilidades económicas do arquipélago como eixos de formatação de uma Política Externa baseada no desígnio do desenvolvimento, assim como a graduação a País de Desenvolvimento Médio (PMD) e a crise financeira internacional, fatores considerados de peso na afirmação e no desenvolvimento da nova Diplomacia Económica. A Diplomacia Económica aparece como uma das ferramentas essenciais da Política externa, uma vez que é tributária do processo de desenvolvimento sustentado. Distingue-se em duas fases, consubstanciadas por regimes político-económicos distintos, facto que marca a diferenciação estratégica e programática da DE do arquipélago. Cabo Verde afirma-se a nível internacional e conduz as suas políticas tendentes à inserção no Sistema Económico Mundial. Vários programas são implementados com a ajuda da comunidade internacional, merecendo particular destaque, o da estratégia de Redução da Pobreza. Porém, o Plano de Desenvolvimento Sustentável, PEDS 2017-2021, designação dada ao documento de estratégia de governação da IX legislatura, é prospetivo e pretende que o país atinja, a médio prazo, o desenvolvimento autossustentado. A Diplomacia Económica representa o instrumento que promove e propicia a articulação entre as políticas internas e externas, como forma de viabilizar o desenvolvimento das ilhas.
This thesis explores the new Economic Diplomacy (ED) Model of Cape Verde as an important strategic economic development of the respective country. To that end, it stresses the archipelago’s economic vulnerabilities as shaping axes of a foreign policy based on development and improvement to Least Development Country (LDC), the international financial crisis, as key factors of the new Economic Diplomacy. Economic Diplomacy is claimed as an important tool for the external policy of the country given that it pays tribute to the sustainable development process. Such a process is based on two phases, underpinned by distinctive economic and political regimes that justify the two different approaches and programmes of the ED and the archipelago. Cape Verde stands out internationally by conducting its policies towards better integration in the World Economic System. Several of its programmes are implemented with the help of the international community such as the Poverty Reduction Strategy. Yet, the Sustainable Development Plan (PEDS 2017-2021), which is part of the IX Legislature Strategy Document, seeks to achieve a self-sustainable country in the medium term. Economic Diplomacy represents the legal framework for an articulation between internal and external policies, as a way forward to foster the development of the islands.
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Jařinová, Zuzana. "Systémový pohled na ekonomickou diplomacii v podmínkách České republiky." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2007. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-15527.
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The target of this thesis is analysis of the economic diplomacy system used in the Czech Republic. First theoretic part focus on the term economic diplomacy in general, its definition, main participants, and different ways to organize it. In the second part the system used in the Czech Republic is analyzed, including the legislative frame, organizational structure and various institutions involved in control and support of economic diplomacy in Czech Republic. The goal of the third part is to review this system, point out the main problems and evaluate corrective measures taken.
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Valsamakis, Antoinette. "The role of South African business in South Africa’s post apartheid economic diplomacy." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2012. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/3391/.
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This thesis explores the role of South African business as non-state actors (NSAs) in South Africa’s post-apartheid economic diplomacy. The work is an empirical contribution to the debate within diplomacy studies asserting the importance of NSAs in diplomacy studies and that the inclusion of economic considerations in diplomacy studies is crucial. Whilst a broader agenda in diplomacy studies is increasingly being recognised by diplomacy scholars, there is limited case-based evidence of the increasingly active role being played by NSAs in diplomacy generally and economic diplomacy more specifically. The research uses a multistakeholder diplomacy framework to analyse the extent to and ways in which corporate actors engage in South Africa’s post-apartheid economic diplomacy. This study explores specific business activities around economic diplomacy, expounds why South African business adopts different strategies at different times and crucially examines how corporate actors do this. The thesis identifies three distinct modes of corporate diplomacy: consultative, supplementary, and entrepreneurial. The thesis concludes that corporate diplomacy warrants far more scholarly attention than has hitherto been the case, both in developed and emerging economies, on the basis that corporate actors in South Africa play a crucial role in economic diplomacy, both as consumers and producers of diplomatic outcomes.
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Leso, Malesela William. "Economic Diplomacy through International Tourism Co-operation : the Case of South Africa and China, 2009 to 2017." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/63876.
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This mini-dissertation examines the nexus between international co-operation in tourism and economic diplomacy through the lens of modern diplomatic practice. In this 21st century, characterised by globalisation, economic diplomacy is emerging as one of the ubiquitous mode of modern diplomatic practice in both the developed and developing nations. It takes many forms, such as negotiation of bilateral and multilateral trade regimes, establishing foreign economic relations, nation branding, attraction of foreign direct investment and promoting international tourism to pursue national development imperatives. This mini-dissertation focuses on one function of economic diplomacy, that of international co-operation in the field of tourism. This is a case study research design based on literature review, analysing the nature and character of the evolving economic diplomacy practiced through tourism co-operation between South Africa and China. The literature review indicates that there is an abundance of analysis on the significance, nature and conduct of economic diplomacy between South Africa and China and that economic diplomacy is central to their growing diplomatic ties since 2009. However, there is lack of understanding of tourism’s role in South Africa’s economic diplomacy architecture, meaning the exact role of tourism co-operation in advancing economic diplomacy remains undocumented in the mainstream literature discussing South Africa’s evolving economic diplomacy agenda. This lacuna has motivated this study and its findings will contribute to the body of knowledge on the evolving nature of modern diplomatic practice.
This mini-dissertation investigates the extent to which economic diplomacy practiced through tourism co-operation advanced economic diplomacy between South Africa and China from 2009 to 2017. The nature of economic diplomacy practiced by South Africa through international tourism co-operation postulated in this mini-dissertation includes mainly four pillars: 1. Negotiation, signing and implementation of tourism co-operation agreements; 2. Representation of South Africa’s tourism interests in China; 3. Country branding and positioning to increase inbound tourism arrivals; and 4. Building business relations through tour operators to promote tourism. The four pillars constitute the central tenets of analysis in this study, with the key finding being that co-operation in tourism is emerging as a major constituent of the burgeoning economic diplomacy between South Africa and China. The report recommends a more focused research agenda on this theme of tourism co-operation in diplomacy studies and provides policy recommendations on how South Africa can strategically use this form of co-operation as an effective instrument of economic diplomacy.Mini Dissertation (MA Diplomatic Studies)--University of Pretoria, 2017.
National Department of Tourism
Political Sciences
MA Diplomatic Studies
Unrestricted
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Semrádová, Lenka. "Ekonomická diplomacie České republiky ve Francii." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-206334.
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This thesis aims to evaluate the activity of the economic diplomacy of the Czech Republic in France . The first chapter theoretically defines the issue of economic diplomacy and its main players. The second chapter is fully focused on France and discusses Czech-French business relations in terms of trade , commodity structure of trade and investment. The third chapter contains the characteristics of the the main actors of economic diplomacy of the Czech Republic in France and brings interviews with representatives of these institutions. The last chapter analyzes the actual effect of economic diplomacy of the Czech Republic and provides conclusion in the form of the SWOT analysis. Thus corresponds to the research questions regarding the current state of the diplomacy and its weaknesses and potential areas for improvement.
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Dus, Jakub. "Ekonomická diplomacie Číny v Africe." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-264517.
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This study is about economic diplomacy of China in Africa. It describes development of China-Africa relations, their current form and examines, whether less democratic countries trade more with China than the democratic ones. The study is divided into four chapters. The first one defines economic diplomacy theoretically. The second one focuses on China-Africa relationship from its history up to establishing of Forum on China-Africa Cooperation. It also describes motives of China-Africa cooperation, stressing China's energy dependance. The third chapter describes development of China-Africa trade, Chinese foreign direct investments and development aid and pros and cons of China's presence in Africa. The last chapter examines relationship between level of democracy in african countries and their trade with China.
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Santos, Benilde Andreia Ferreira dos. "A diplomacia económica em países exportadores de petróleo - análise dos casos de Angola, Venezuela e Líbia." Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/2924.
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Mestrado em Economia Internacional e Estudos EuropeusO modelo da diplomacia económica potencia um ciclo virtuoso em que a diplomacia e a economia se alavancam mutuamente em prol de mais e melhores exportações nacionais, da internacionalização das empresas portuguesas, da promoção de Portugal e da sua imagem, e da contribuição para a captação de investimento directo estrangeiro de qualidade. A diplomacia económica é essencial ao desenvolvimento económico dos países e, por isso, tem de ser decididamente activa e pró-activa, interventiva e precursora. A sua acção tem de se pautar pela investigação científica e tecnológica, de entidades públicas envolvidas na expansão da internacionalização das empresas, na captação de investimento, na celebração de parcerias e na promoção do turismo. A diplomacia económica tem um carácter eminentemente instrumental de grande alcance, não apenas na internacionalização da economia, mas acima de tudo, na construção de um perfil económico e político do país. As empresas, ao internacionalizar-se, desenvolvem uma crescente actividade económica conduzindo as suas acções em múltiplos países, sendo obrigadas a discutir com os governos locais e entidades regionais novas condições, novos investimentos, obrigações sociais, ambientais e mesmo éticas, para além da criação de organizações empresariais internacionais com a missão de desenvolver o lobby empresarial através de funções diplomáticas. No comércio internacional o grau de conhecimento prévio dos mercados constitui um critério relevante para determinar o grau de articulação necessária entre diplomacia, diplomacia económica e empresas. A existência de um conhecimento prévio relativo a alguns países recomenda uma presença diplomática em todos estes países parceiros comerciais e justificar-se-ia aí uma boa articulação entre diplomacia e empresas. Mas, porque os recursos são limitados, têm que ser estabelecidas prioridades que tenham em consideração a relevância das trocas comerciais actuais quer o potencial de expansão num futuro próximo, quer ainda a eficácia da sua acção. Neste sentido, e por consequência, é importante que se assegure uma melhor articulação entre empresas e o aparelho diplomático nos mercados. Diversificar os destinos das exportações foi um objectivo claro destes últimos anos, da política externa portuguesa, e no centro desta aposta encontram-se os três países em estudo: Angola, Venezuela e Líbia. Estes países têm como característica de terem sido pouco explorados pelas empresas portuguesas, mas com oportunidades promissoras. A realidade é que as exportações portuguesas para esses países extracomunitários têm vindo a aumentar ao longo dos últimos anos, o que poderá revelar um sucesso relativo da diplomacia económica portuguesa.
The model of economic diplomacy enhances a virtuous cycle in which diplomacy and economy engage each other to promote more and better national export, to internationalization of Portuguese enterprise, the promotion of Portugal and its image, and contributing to the attraction of foreign direct investment of quality. The economic diplomacy is essential to the economic development of countries and therefore has to be decidedly pro-active and active, interventive and pioneer. Its action has to be guided by scientific research and technology, by public entities involved in the internationalization of expanding enterprises, attracting investment, in the creation of partnerships and the promotion of tourism. The economic diplomacy has an eminently instrumental character in reaching not only the internationalization of the economy, but above all in building an economic and political profile of the country. During internationalization, enterprises develop a growing business by conducting their actions in several countries and at this point, they are impelled to discuss with local governments and regional entities new terms, new investment and social responsibilities, environmental, and ethical response as well as the creation of international business organizations with the goal to develop business lobbies behind diplomatic functions. In international trading the degree of prior knowledge of markets is a relevant criterion to determine the appropriate articulation between diplomacy, economic diplomacy and enterprises. The existence of a prior knowledge on some countries recommends a diplomatic presence in all these countries and trading partners, this would justify a good link between diplomacy and business. But because there are limited resources it has to be established priorities that take into account the relevance of existing trade and potential expansion in the near future, or at the effectiveness of its action. In this case, and consequently, it is important to ensure better connections between business and the diplomacy in the markets. To diversify export destinations was a clear goal in recent years of Portuguese foreign policy, and at the center of this commitment are the three countries under study: Angola, Venezuela and Libya. These countries are characterized by being poorly explored, but with promising opportunities. Actually, Portuguese exports to those countries outside the EU have grown over the last years, which could prove a relative success on the Portuguese economic diplomacy.
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Kudzejová, Barbora. "Ľudské práva a ekonomická diplomacia – prípadová štúdia WTO." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-206439.
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The master´s thesis deals with the possibility of enforcing human rights through the instruments that are primarily used to pursue economic interests of the state, specifically illustrating these possibilities within the context of the World Trade Organization. The thesis presents the theoretical understanding of the concept of national interest and the relation between the economic and human rights interests of the state. It also focuses more closely on the relation between trade liberalization through the activities of the WTO and the protection of human rights. The thesis also describes the possibilities of pursuing human rights through already existing processes within the WTO, namely through the accession process, the trade policy review mechanism, trade agreements based on the Generalized System of Preferences and last but not least, the use of general exceptions and dispute settlement mechanism.
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Mitcham, Chad James. "Trade, grain and diplomacy in China's economic relations with the West and Japan, 1957-1963." Thesis, SOAS, University of London, 2000. http://eprints.soas.ac.uk/29011/.
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This PhD thesis discusses Chinese trade and financial relations with Canada, Australia, Britain, Japan, France, West Germany, Mexico, Argentina, and the Netherlands in the context of the Beijing government's domestic economic problems and policies and also the US-led trade embargo against China over the period 1957 to 1963. By focussing on key trade negotiations and agreements between the Chinese and these non-Communist nations the thesis demonstrates the importance of these contacts in terms of the grain, agricultural, and petrochemical sectors of the Chinese economy. The thesis also shows the vital importance of this particular period of Chinese trade diplomacy with non-Communist nations. Trade diplomacy precipitated a 'credit race' among participants in the Chinese market and led to the breakdown of US-led trade controls against China. Despite China's grave economic situation, its negotiators were able to exploit competition among suppliers arising from surpluses and overproduction in non-Communist countries. In making use of recently declassified government archives in Canada, Australia, Britain and the US, the thesis examines a topic and period which has received little attention from historians and reaches several new conclusions. First, the 1961 to 1963 Chinese purchases of Western grain were a continuation of 'test purchases' which began in early 1958 in response to serious food shortages and famine that had begun to develop in 1957-58. These 'test purchases' were terminated during the Great Leap Forward from mid-1958. But in late 1960 Chen Yun, Zhou Enlai, and Li Xiannian became the chief architects of a new and expanded grain import policy which was also supported and encouraged by the PLA leadership. Secondly, beginning in April 1961, cash purchases were succeeded by the granting of medium-term credits of increasing duration which were instrumental in arresting deaths from starvation by early 1962, thus allowing the Chinese to implement economic policies aimed at 'readjustment'. Thirdly, beginning in autumn 1961, both the Chinese and US governments became internally divided over the possibility of negotiating Sino-American grain sales. The US government continued to be under pressure from the US 'China Lobby' and the Taiwanese government to maintain a firm stance against those calling for changes to US 'China policy'. With the conflict in Vietnam showing signs of worsening, the US government continued efforts at extraterritorial application of its Foreign Assets Control legislation. Washington's continued inflexibility with respect to the trade embargo against China increasingly caused friction in US-allied relations and contributed to the near breakdown by late 1963 of the US led controls on exports of non-military goods to China. Fourthly, it was necessary to relate China's need for grain imports to its determination in 1962-63 to improve its agricultural productivity on the basis of importing fertiliser, and equipment and technology required for fertiliser production. Fifthly, medium-term and long-term credits obtained to facilitate purchases of grain and fertiliser production equipment and technology respectively were instrumental in stabilising China's economic situation and vital to developing improved trade relations with non-Communist interests. The first chapter discusses Chinese grain shortages and the Chinese economy between 1953 and 1963. Chapters two through eight focus on the Chinese-Western grain trade while the final chapter discusses Chinese purchases of chemical fertiliser and chemical fertiliser production equipment and related technology which involves the larger question of Chinese economic planning in 1962-63.
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Čižmárová, Lucia. "Ekonomická diplomacia Číny v Afrike." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-136331.
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This diploma thesis analyzes the economic diplomacy of China in Africa. It focuses on searching for motives, players and instruments used for its implementation. The starting point is a theoretical description of economic diplomacy in general followed by a more specific description of foreign policy and economic diplomacy of China. The main part of the thesis is dedicated to the analysis of particular areas of economic diplomacy of China in Africa - mainly trade, investments and development aid - where it is possible to observe implementation in practice. The thesis further deeply analyzes the sector of natural resources where all the particular instruments and players meet. Marginally it includes an analysis of others specific parts as health diplomacy and soft power. The complex picture is drawn in the section of case study of Nigeria which is the typical example of the Chinese strategy of economic diplomacy. The concluding paragraphs of the thesis evaluate the overall implications of China's presence in Africa.
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Kaucká, Kristýna. "Česká ekonomická diplomacie v zemích BRICS." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-142086.
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The first chapter of my thesis decribes definitions, tools and structure of economic diplomacy. History of economic diplomacy in the Czech Republic within last 20 years is also mentioned. My aim si to decribe BRICS countries as a subject of an essential interest for czech economic diplomacy.
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Antonínová, Markéta. "Současná ekonomická diplomacie Číny a Indie v Africe." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-262002.
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This master´s thesis studies the topic of the economic diplomacy of China and India in Africa. The aim of the thesis is to determine the differences between India´s and China´s economic diplomacy and in their approaches to Africa. First, the official relations with Africa are compared. Thus the thesis examines the goals and instruments of Indian and Chinese economic diplomacy and the institutional framework of the relations with Africa. Second, the thesis seeks to identify the differences and similarities in China´s and India´s motives for their engagement in Africa and also in consequences of their activities.
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Ampiah, Kweku. "Japanese foreign policy towards sub-Saharan Africa, 1974-1990 : the dynamics of an immobilist economic diplomacy." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.386488.
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Chervets, Tamara. "Ekonomická diplomacie Číny v Latinské Americe." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-113606.
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The main goal of this paper is to summarize the diverse and often controversial information in order to identify and describe the specific features of Chinese economic activities and approaches related to Latin America. The secondary objective is to analyze whether China's involvement in Latin American region is mutually beneficial, or whether the cooperation with the PRC threatens the future development of the region.
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Brown, Lisa Carrin. ""Soft power efforts, hard power gains" : India's economic diplomacy towards Africa using Nigeria and Kenya as examples." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/20639.
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Economic diplomacy and commercial diplomacy as soft power tools plays an increasingly significant role in the enhancement of national economic goals and enhanced economic relations between countries. Economic diplomacy is carried out by a government to support its foreign policy goals or diplomacy (or both) by using a wide range of economic and diplomatic tools. The impact of diplomatic efforts to enhance economic relations can be measured through the growth of bilateral trade and FDI over a period of time, as well as the removal of trade barriers and increased cooperation in international organisations like the World Trade Organization. "Foreign policy is the outcome of economic policy, and until India has properly evolved her economic policy, her foreign policy will be rather vague.." - Jawaharlal Nehru India's foreign policy has increasingly become a function of its economic policy, and economic goals. As these goals have expanded to focus on different regions across the world, India's economic diplomacy toolkit has expanded to allow for the participation of more actors, in various arenas. No longer can India rely solely on the soft power it derives from a shared history and shared foreign policy principles. With bilateral and multilateral economic cooperation expanding across the globe, there is increasing pressure on countries to harvest both soft, hard and smart power efforts to build relations that serve their domestic economic and foreign policy goals. This thesis examines the concept and practice of economic diplomacy as it relates to India and Africa. While the existing literature on the subject is extensive, it is lacking in the analysis of country-level exploratory studies, and comparisons on a regional level across the African continent. More specifically, it serves as an attempt to demonstrate the nuanced nature of India's economic diplomacy efforts in Africa. This study examines aspects of the economic diplomacy of India as it relates to Nigeria and Kenya, with the aim of investigating how different economic diplomacy efforts have translated into strengthened economic relations and benefits. These efforts are measured through the contribution of both state activities by the Ministry of External Affairs, and non-state entities such as business organisations and the diaspora. These benefits are measured in the study through trade flows and foreign direct investment data. The discussion makes the conclusion that economic diplomatic efforts between strong regional economies can translate into enhanced trade and investment relations, and that India's efforts in this regard can be considered nuanced and vastly different in different regions in Africa.
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Svoboda, Ondřej. "Ekonomická diplomacie ČR vůči Spojeným státům mexickým." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-206480.
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This diploma thesis focuses on the analysis of the Czech economic diplomacy towards Mexico. The aim of this thesis is to answer two questions; whether the relevant representatives of Czech companies doing business in Mexico know the protagonists of Czech economic diplomacy and whether these companies use the services provided by those protagonists. The theoretical part of the thesis deals with the theoretical definition, history and functions of economic diplomacy. The practical part is divided into two different chapters, the first one focuses on the mutual trade and agreements between the two countries. The third chapter concentrates on Czech economic diplomacy towards Mexico and includes a survey regarding the knowledge of the protagonists of Czech economic diplomacy by the companies and their usage of the protagonists services.
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Van, Zyl Stefan Daniel. "The diplomacy of multinational corporations (MNCs) : bargaining with developing states." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/50137.
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Thesis (MA)--Stellenbosch University, 2004.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This assignment investigates the bargaining relationship between multinational corporations (MNCs) and developing countries. The units of analysis of this study in Global Political Economy are MNCs (non-state actors) and nation-states. In the contemporary global production structure the 'balance of power' between MNCs and developing countries has shifted in favour of MNCs. Descriptive secondary sources were used to illustrate the MNC-State bargaining relationship in telecommunications privatisation in Sub-Saharan Africa. In the contemporary global economy nation-states only rarely still compete for territory, but rather for wealth-creating activities to be located within their borders. Important changes in the global production structure have resulted in the increased mobility and economic power of MNCs. These developments have affected the strategic relationship between MNCs and nation-states and the former have used their advantage to gain preferential treatment in the bargaining process. The nation-states are also competing amongst themselves for the investment and technology and knowledge transfers from these firms. Privatisation programmes in Sub-Saharan Africa have substantially increased MNC participation on the continent, which has been historically marginalised from global foreign direct investment receipts. Research has shown that MNC participation in infrastructure service provision is more efficient than government ownership. However, this does not constitute a loss of sovereignty, but rather emphasises the changing role of nation-states as facilitators of global market relations. On examination, the distinct bargaining relationship in telecommunications privatisation clearly illustrates the dependence of Sub-Saharan African countries on technologically advanced MNCs. Thus, the 'balance of power' has shifted more to MNCs in the global political economy.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie navorsingswerkstuk ondersoek die bedingingsverhouding tussen multinasionale korporasies (MNKs) en ontwikkelende lande. Die ondersoekeenhede in die studie van die Globale Politieke Ekonomie is MNKs (nie-staatrolspelers) en regeringstate. In die huidige globale produksiestruktuur het die mag tussen MNKs en ontwikkelende lande verander sodat die MNKs nou die magsoorwig het. Beskrywende sekondêre bronne is gebruik om die MNK-regeringstaat se bedingingsverhouding in telekommunikasie privatisering in Sub-Sahara Afrika te illustreer. In die teenswoordige globale ekonomie kompeteer regeringstate selde met mekaar om territoriale mag, maar oorwegend om welvaartskeppende bedrywe binne hul grense aan te moedig. Belangrike veranderings in die globale produksiestruktuur het MNKs se mobiliteit en ekonomiese mag verhoog. Hierdie ontwikkelinge het die strategiese verhouding tussen MNKs en regeringstate verander. MNKs gebruik hierdie invloed om voordeel te trek uit regeringstate wat kompeteer vir belegging en die tegnologie- en kennisoordrag van hierdie korporasies. Privatiseringsprogramme in Sub-Sahara Afrika het MNK-deelname op die kontinent verhoog, wat histories gemarginaliseer is van buitelandse direkte belegging. Navorsing dui daarop dat MNKs se deelname in infrastruktuurdienslewering meer doeltreffend is, as wanneer dit onder staatsbeheer is. Dit lei egter nie tot 'n verlies aan soeweriniteit nie, maar beklemtoon die regeringstaat se veranderde rol as fasiliteerder van globale markverhoudinge. Die ondersoek na die uitsonderlike bedingingsverhouding in die privatisering van telekommunikasie beklemtoon Sub-Sahara Afrika se afhanklikheid van tegnologies-ontwikkelde MNKs. Die magsbalans het gevolglik na die MNKs oorskuif in die globale politieke ekonomie.
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Carlsson, Martin. "Svenska handelsmöjligheter med Kina : Staten och näringslivets etablerande av handelsrelationer med Kina ur ett ekonomiskt diplomati-perspektiv, 1949–1964." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Ekonomisk-historiska institutionen, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-355597.
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This study analyses the Swedish state and private actors’ efforts to establish trade with the communist government in China, between the years 1949–1964. By examining how the actor’ cooperated through the theory of economic diplomacy the purpose is to establish who was the driving force and how the actor’ argued concerning the establishment of trade relations between the nations. This in relation to the Swedish neutrality and the Swedish dependency on the western market that it relied heavily upon in the postwar economy.The study finds that Sweden was heavily influenced by the western nations in how it developed its trade with China. The state, but also the private actors’ in some instances, feared a retaliation from the USA that would hinder them access to western market. In 1957 Sweden established a trade deal with China, but only after western Europe allowed it. After 1958 the private actor’s abandoned China because of difficulties in trade and left the state in a process of trying to reestablish it. The trade between the nations nearly collapsed but resumed in 1964. The conclusion is that the Swedish state considered the political consequences heavily when evaluating the trade with China and became the driving force in 1955. This was done because the state evaluated that the retaliation wouldn’t be to vigorous, while most of the private actors considered commercial gains instead of political consequences concerning trade with China.
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Šmahelová, Kateřina. "Nation branding jako prvek ekonomické diplomacie - španělská praxe." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-203895.
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The diploma thesis deals with nation branding in the context of economic diplomacy and puts a special emphasis on Spain. The main purpose is to provide an answer to the following question: "Is the Spanish reputation-building project Marca Espaňa launched in 2013 beneficial for country's performance in economic diplomacy area and is it possible to observe any results despite a relatively short time period?" Chapter one concentrates on theoretical issues and apart from defining relevant basic terms it provides a theoretical relationship between the concepts of economic diplomacy and nation branding. Chapter two examines the Spanish system of economic diplomacy and nation branding and underlines their interconnection on the practical level. Chapter three analyses the contribution of the Marca Espaňa project to Spain's economic diplomacy and examines Spain's performance in nation branding, overall economic competitiveness and exports through a detailed analysis of various international ranking and official statistical data.
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Oliveira, Mariana Sandoval de. "O processo de internacionalização de empresas da China: estratégias empresariais e diplomacia econômica." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2013. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/9221.
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Previous issue date: 2013-10-08The dissertation will examine the internationalization of a group of major Chinese companies, aiming to characterize the process of internationalization and its goals and to answer to what extent the process can be explained by the usual standards of large companies around the world and to what extent the process follows, accompanies or is strongly conditioned by the state goals, as part of Chinese economic diplomacy. The hypothesis is that the internationalization of large Chinese companies are oriented towards ensuring access to and supply of ores, fuel and food, an issue vital to the security of China, as well as providing the domain of complex technological processes, a topic of great relevance to the objectives China's rise and consolidation of its development. The dissertation will also examine the instruments of state support for the internationalization of Chinese companies in order to determine their relevance for Chinese companies in the sample. It also seeks to examine China's economic diplomacy and its possible implications for the internationalization strategies of companies
A dissertação analisará a internacionalização de um grupo de grandes empresas chinesas, com o objetivo de caracterizar seu processo de internacionalização e seus objetivos, com destaque para a pergunta: em que medida o processo pode ser explicado pelos padrões usuais de grandes empresas pelo mundo e em que medida o processo obedece, acompanha ou é condicionado fortemente por objetivos de Estado, como parte da diplomacia econômica chinesa. A hipótese é que a internacionalização de grandes empresas chinesas está orientada para garantir o acesso e o fornecimento de minérios, combustíveis e alimentos, questão vital para a segurança da China, além de viabilizar o domínio de processos tecnológicos complexos, tema de grande relevância nos objetivos de ascensão da China e de consolidação do seu desenvolvimento. A dissertação analisará também os instrumentos estatais de apoio à internacionalização de empresas da China, de modo a verificar sua relevância para o grupo de empresas chinesas. Pretende também analisar a diplomacia econômica chinesa e suas possíveis implicações para as estratégias de internacionalização de empresas
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Xu, Jiajun. "Buying influence? : the international diplomacy behind donor financing of the World Bank's International Development Association." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2015. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:4e90a729-0a79-457a-9497-b35defeae456.
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This thesis addresses the puzzle of why changes in relative donor contributions to the World Bank’s International Development Association (IDA) did not reflect shifts in their relative economic capabilities. It addresses the grand debates about how power transitions shape a US-led hegemonic international system by exploring one specific international organisation. Drawing primarily on archives, elite interviews, and participant observation, I examine sixteen rounds of IDA replenishment negotiations from 1960 to 2010. There are three puzzles a close empirical analysis throws up. The first is why the hegemon maintained its burden shares regardless of rise or fall in economic status; I call this ‘Hegemonic Lag’. The second is why ascending powers were slow to assume greater burden-shares despite economic ascents; I call this ‘Challenger Inertia.’ The third puzzle is why significant burden-shifting occurred on a much greater scale than shifts in relative economic weight; I call this ‘Accelerated Burden-Shifting.’ Two conventional explanations – donors’ relative ‘ability-to-pay’ and their ‘country-specific interests’ – offer a first-cut analysis of donors’ ability and willingness to contribute. However, they fail to uncover how bipolar geopolitics and World Bank governance shaped IDA burden-sharing dynamics. This thesis tests whether the hegemon will maintain its shares even if its relative economic capacity wanes, if its bipolar rival poses a more intense external threat. Equally it tests whether a hegemon and/or waning powers with a desire to expand total IDA resources will cede voting rights to ascending powers in exchange for financial support to IDA. Finally, the research examines whether a hegemon violating the ‘fairness’ principle by shirking obligations but pursuing undue influence will face secondary states willing to take ‘exit/voice’ measures to restore an implicit contribution-to-influence equity line; and whether such countermeasures would be postponed if secondary states are structurally dependent upon the hegemon and/or lack viable outside options. In-depth case studies are used to test these hypotheses. Overall the thesis reveals that the US maintained or cut its burden share as the Soviet threat waxed and waned; and that as the Soviet Union collapsed the US abandoned both its leadership for IDA expansion to counter the Soviet threat and its self-restraint in controlling the World Bank, provoking the fairness concern among secondary states – the most potent factor in explaining IDA burden-sharing dynamics in the post-Cold War era.
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Stehlíková, Libuše. "Ekonomická diplomacie jako nástroj v bilaterálních vztazích - případová studie Tchaj-wan." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2009. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-77397.
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Due to the special international status of Taiwan the area of economic cooperation represents one of the most important components of the country's foreign policy. Economic diplomacy is one of the major tools to promote the economic interests of a state in international relations. First, the paper discusses the theoretical definition of economic diplomacy and the changes in approach to foreign relations in Taiwan. Further, it characterizes the institutional system of Taiwan's economic diplomacy. Based on the comparison of Taiwan's bilateral relations with a diplomatic ally and with a country without diplomatic relations, it is examined whether the form or the content of mutual relations is more important in order to achieve the economic diplomacy's objectives.
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Bukaty, Ryan Michael. "Commercial Diplomacy: The Berlin-Baghdad Railway and Its Peaceful Effects on Pre-World War I Anglo-German Relations." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2016. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc849612/.
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Slated as an economic outlet for Germany, the Baghdad Railway was designed to funnel political influence into the strategically viable regions of the Near East. The Railway was also designed to enrich Germany's coffers with natural resources with natural resources and trade with the Ottomans, their subjects, and their port cities... Over time, the Railway became the only significant route for Germany to reach its "place in the sun," and what began as an international enterprise escalated into a bid for diplomatic influence in the waning Ottoman Empire.
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Cone, Cornelia. "An analysis of the economic dimension of the conflict in the Democratic Republic of Congo with recommendations for track one diplomacy." Diss., Pretoria : [s.n.], 2007. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-04292008-140416.
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Langová, Kateřina. "Ekonomická diplomacie Číny v Africe." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-124900.
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The thesis focuses on China's economic diplomacy in Africa. The theoretical part deals with the concept of economic security (as a part of soft security) and economic diplomacy (as a way how to secure economic security). Africa is just one of many areas where China is engaged. The objective of the thesis is to identify the particular policies of China's economic diplomacy. The thesis is divided into four parts. The first part deals with the theoretical concepts, the second part with the energy security and policy in China. The third part deals with the individual areas of cooperation between China and Africa and China's main principles of cooperation. The main areas are international trade, foreign direct investment and foreign aid. The last part describes the Chinese cooperation with two particular countries -- Angola and Sudan.
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Portešová, Veronika. "Ekonomická paradiplomacie - činnosti českých krajů v oblasti zahraničních investic." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2017. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-358927.
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The aim of this diploma thesis is to provide a comprehensive overview of the economic part diplomacy of the Czech Republic and by comparing the approaches of the individual regions to identify possible examples of good practice that could be transferred to other regions and thus help to boost their further development in terms of economic paradiplomacy. The paper provides answers to the questions: why did the Czech regions involve in international relations? What regional instruments do they use to promote their interests? What goals and motives do the regions follow from their involvement in foreign affairs? What are the relationships between each region and the central level? Are the objectives of economic paradiplomacy consistent or inconsistent with the objectives of central government? The work is divided into four parts. The first part shows the key moments in the field of studies in paradiplomacy and presents the research framework of the diploma thesis. The second part is the analysis of strategic documents in terms of the objectives of economic paradiplomacy. The third part contains an analysis of the activities carried out by the regions in the framework of the economic paradiplomacy, by characterizing the cooperation with the central level and the regional actors and by analyzing the tools used by the regions between 2012-2016. The fourth, the final part, then, presents an assessment of economic paradiplomacy and provide answers to research questions.
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Dobrovolná, Adéla. "Analýza aktivit agentury Czech Trade na vybraných trzích." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2010. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-72200.
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This Master Thesis analyses activities of the agency CzechTrade on Vietnamese market. Viet Nam is one of the perspective market for czech exporters not only for very well established business between Czech Republic and Viet Nam but also for a high growth potential of Vietnamese market. In today's globalised world, the institutional assistance and promotion is essential for foreign trade especially in a relative small economies. Countries today do not increase wealth only through trade but promote themselves as a brand, this subconsciously adds value to domestic enterprises and products. CzechTrade agency, as the implementation authority of Export Strategy, actively supports czech producers in foreign markets and help them compete internationally.
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Cavlak, Iuri [UNESP]. "Diplomacia, integração e desenvolvimento: Brasil e Argentina (1950-1962)." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/103148.
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Após a Segunda Guerra Mundial, as relações internacionais sofreram mudanças no mundo todo. Na América do Sul, a industrialização e a necessidade da intervenção do Estado na economia foram marcantes, bem como as demandas por captação de investimentos estrangeiros e empréstimos dos Estados Unidos. Com a fundação da CEPAL (Comissão Econômica para a América Latina), medidas de integração entre os países foram pensadas tanto no âmbito doméstico quanto no internacional, na certeza de que somente com o entrelaçamento desses elementos o desenvolvimento da região seria possível. Nesse sentido, com a coincidência dos governos nacional-populistas de Getúlio Vargas e Juan Perón, posteriormente do desenvolvimentismo de Juscelino Kubitschek e Arturo Frondizi, Brasil e Argentina se tornaram os países líderes na região dentro do processo de convergência política, objetivando barganhar investimentos da nação hegemônica do continente e planejar uma macro-economia que pudesse valorizar os produtos de exportação e mitigar os preços das importações. A multilateralizacao da diplomacia brasileira valeu-se da parceria com os argentinos, assim como o desenvolvimento econômico acelerado do Brasil despertou a necessidade na Argentina de uma aliança diplomática de alto perfil com o principal vizinho, na medida em que os platinos se encontravam em sérias dificuldades com Londres e Washington. No início de 1960, chegou-se ao auge dessa empresa, desmontada pelo golpe militar na Argentina em 1962 e, paradoxalmente, pela incompatível dependência dos Estados diante das multinacionais, da economia norte-americana e dos capitais forâneos
After the Second World War, the international relationships suffered changes in the whole world. In South America, the industrialization and the necessity of State intervention in the economy was remarkable, such as the demands for catching international investments and borrowings from the United States. With the foundation of CEPAL (Comissão Econômica para a América Latina), integration measurements between the countries were considered, both in domestic as in international side, in the certainty that only with the entwined of those elements development in the region would be possible. So, with the coincidence of Getúlio Vargas and Juan Perón nacional-populismo government, after Juescelino Kubitschek and Arturo Frondizi’s desenvolvimentismo, Brazil and Argentina became the leader countries in the region into the process of politic convergence, trying to negotiate investments from the hegemonic nation of the continent and planning a big-economy that could increase the value of exportation products and to decrease the prices of importations. Brazilian diplomacy’s multilateralization associated with Argentina’s partnership, such as the Brazilian economic accelerated development awoke the necessity of Argentina developing a high profile diplomatic alliance with the main neighbor, insofar as the platinos were in serious difficulties with Washington and London. In the beginning of 1960 that enterprise arrived at its acme, collapsed under the military coup in Argentina in 1962 and, paradoxically, by the States incompatible reliance beyond the presence of multinationals, North-American economy and the external capital
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Kupstaitytė, Brigita. "Saugumo užtikrinimas ekonominės diplomatijos priemonėmis: Kinijos, Indijos ir Pietų Korėjos lyginamoji analizė." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2014. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2014~D_20140620_105239-13767.
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Azijos žemyne formuojasi pasaulio geopolitinis-ekonominis centras. Vienos svarbiausių valstybių šiame procese yra Kinijos Liaudies Respublika (toliau Kinija), Indija ir Pietų Korėja. Geopolitinio-ekonominio centro formavimosi laikotarpiu komplikuotas ir probleminis tampa valstybių ekonominio saugumo užtikrinimas. Iškyla klausimas kokias priemones ir kuo remiantis pasitelkia šios valstybės savo ekonominio saugumo stiprinimui.
Šio tyrimo objektas yra Kinijos, Indijos ir Pietų Korėjos ekonominė diplomatija. Darbo tikslas: pritaikyti ir kritiškai įvertinti Herscher-Ohlin-Vanek (HOV) modelį įvykdant Kinijos, Indijos ir Pietų Korėjos ekonominės diplomatijos lyginamąją analizę po įstojimo į Pasaulio Prekybos Organizaciją. Tikslui pasiekti iškeliami šie uždaviniai: 1) ištirti saugumo kaitą ir ekonominės diplomatijos sampratą; 2) įvertinti HOV modelį bei jo metodologinį pritaikymą Kinijos, Indijos ir Pietų Korėjos ekonominės diplomatijos analizei; 3) išanalizuoti esminius Kinijos, Indijos ir Pietų Korėjos ekonominės diplomatijos bruožus; 4) ištirti Kinijos, Indijos ir Pietų Korėjos ekonominės diplomatijos įrankių panaudojimą ekonominiam saugumui užtikrinti; 5) empiriškai palyginus Kinijos, Indijos ir Pietų Korėjos ekonominės diplomatijos įrankius kritiškai įvertinti HOV modelį.
Tyrimui naudojami metodai: aprašomasis metodas, kokybinių ir kiekybinių metodų sintezė, ekonominės diplomatijos HOV modelis bei lyginamasis metodas.
Atlikus tyrimą gauti rezultatai, jog HOV modelis daugeliu... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]In Asia develops new world geopolitical-ecanomic centre. Of most important countries in this process are China, India and South Korea. Complicated period of geopolitical-economic centre formation rises vulnerabilies and challenges for the assurance of these countries economic security. Rises questions that means and why use these countries for their economic security strengthening. The object of this research is the economic diplomacy of China, India and South Korea. The goal is: to use and critically evaluate Herscher-Ohlin-Vanek model after accomplished comparative analysis of China, India and South Korea economic diplomacy after their join to the World Trade Organization. The tasks are: 1) to survey the fluctuation of security and conception of economic diplomacy; 2) to evaluate HOV model and its methodological application to the analysis of China, India and South Korea economic diplomacy; 3) to analyse essential features of China, India and South Korea economic diplomacy; 4) to examine China, India and South Korea economic diplomacy tools appliance for the assurance of economic security; 5) after empirical comparision of China, India and South Korea economic diplomacy tools to critically evaluate HOV model. For the research are used: descriptive method, the synthesis of qualitive and quantitive methods, economic diplomacy HOV model and comparative analysis. After research obtained results show that HOV model in most of cases can be used to explain countries‘ economic... [to full text]
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Mason, Robert. "Economic factors in Middle East foreign policies : the case of oil and gas exporters with special reference to Saudi Arabia and Iran." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10036/3838.
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This thesis identifies the relationship between economic factors and non-economic factors, and the relative weight of each, in the conduct of Middle East foreign policies but with special reference to Saudi Arabia and Iran between 2001 and 2012. In the Saudi case, economic factors are contextualized within its traditional themes of maintaining security and stability through international alliances and promoting stable and long term energy export markets. In the case of Iran, economic factors such as the role of sanctions in facilitating closer ties with a range of anti-western states are put into perspective by other factors such as national security issues and emerging splits in the decision making elite. The research draws on a conceptual hybrid of constructivism and omni-balancing and by doing so pays particular attention to the perceptions of foreign policy decision makers in their assessments of the domestic, regional and international environments. The conceptual framework therefore accounts for historical events such as the Islamic revolution and perceived hostility to it, and enduring Saudi-Iranian tensions based on sectarian and ideological struggles for dominance across the Middle East. Oil policy, including oil production, pricing and security of supply and demand, is found to be the paramount economic factor in the foreign policies of Saudi Arabia and Iran, but weighted in favour of the former. As swing producer in OPEC, Saudi Arabia needs to maintain sustainable oil supplies to its allies in the West, and increasingly East, whilst leveraging its oil reserves against adversaries such as Iran. In contrast, Iran has the incentive, but a dwindling capability, to maximise its oil revenues to fund the national budget amid tightening U.S.-led sanctions designed to curb its nuclear programme. The thesis also finds that economic factors such as ‘riyal politik’ as well as non-oil trade and investment deals are less effective in Saudi and Iranian foreign policy. This is because they tend to be offered or utilised as short-term leveraging mechanisms in new or unstable bilateral relationships with a variety of state or nonstate actors which do not always share their ideological perspective or interests. To overcome significant geo-strategic and ideological incompatibilities, reciprocal confidence building measures and active engagement on a broad set of contentious issues is prescribed.
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Sousa, Jaime Pereira de. "Economic diplomacy: a critical analysis." Master's thesis, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10071/18985.
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Economic Diplomacy is the key for countries’ foreign relations nowadays. Every day we see states using less classic diplomacy and defining more strategies to help increasing their exports, internationalize their companies and attract foreign investment.
On a country like Portugal, small in size and population, Economic Diplomacy assumes even a bigger importance and without developing strong ideals and lines of action it will be completely swallowed by bigger countries both inside and outside the European Union.
The aim of this thesis is to study the development of Economic Diplomacy in Portugal and understand how it evolved over time. Also throughout 7 interviews I studied the action of all the agents (Diplomatic, political and entrepreneurial) that compose the Portuguese Economic Diplomacy and how each of them are behaving to adapt to new circumstances.
Taking into account that Spain is our biggest commercial partner, a big part of this thesis is dedicated just to investigate how the numbers of exports to this market are growing. Moreover, I try to figure out what is being made by both sides (Companies and diplomats) to help our economy being more international and having every day more companies with the financial capacity and the knowledge to move to the Spanish market.
After all, the evidence presented in this thesis seems to indicate that Portuguese economy is clearly better on what concerns foreign relations than it was ten years ago, but still there is a margin of improvement…Hoje em dia, a diplomacia económica é a chave para as relações externas de cada país. Cada dia se vê os estados a usarem menos a diplomacia clássica e a definir mais estratégias para aumentar as suas exportações, internacionalizar as suas empresas e atrair investimento externo. Em um país como Portugal, pequeno em tamanho e população, a diplomacia economica ssume uma importancia ainda maior e sem desenvolver ideais fortes e linhas de acção claras, o país será engolido por países ainda maiores tanto de dentro como de fora da união europeia. O obejctivo desta tese é estudar o desenvolvimento da diplomacia economica em Portugal e perceber como é que evoluiu ao longo dos tempos. Também, através de 7 entrevistas, estudei a acção dos diferentes agentes (Diplomaticos, politicos e empresariais) que compoem a diplomacia economica portuguesa e como é que cada um deles se está comportando neste momento de adaptação às novas circunstancias. Tendo em conta que Espanha é o nosso maior parceiro comercial, uma grande parte desta tese é ddicada à investigação do crescimento dos números de exportação para este mercado.Para além disso, vou averiguar o que está a ser feito por ambos os lados (Empresas e diplomatas) para ajudar a nossa economia a ser mais internacional e, a cada dia, ter mais empresas com a capacidade financeira e com o conhecimento para entrar no mercado espanhol. Finalmente, as evidencias apresentadas nesta tese parecem apresentar que a economia portuguesa está melhor, no que diz respeito às relações internacionais do que estava há dez anos atrás, mas ainda há margem para melhoras...
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Zu, Wu-ming, and 吳明儒. "Beijing’s Economic Diplomacy towards the Blair." Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/07853773994764539706.
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碩士東吳大學
政治學系
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Beijing’s Economic Diplomacy towards the Blair Administration Abstract Beijing’s bilateral diplomatic relations with the Blair administration were focused on economic dimension. It affected two countries cooperation in multilateral diplomacy, military affairs, education, culture, science and technology.. There are two main reasons：First, economic profits can be acquired by cooperation in every kind of fields. Second, the time periods when trading and business activities were more frequent were identical to the distributions of diplomatic relation of two sides and development of each field. At least it presented a positive correlation. It is possibly because of Beijing’s effort to tighten its political ties with the UK through its economic influence, and it could further facilitate cooperation in multilateral diplomacy and other functional matters.. Beijing used more economic rewards and less economic sanctions toward the Blair administration. The relationship between Beijing and London was successful in a number of bilateral relationaships, however, it was less successful in multilateral diplomacy because of the UK-USA alliance relationship and the different diplomatic ideas between China and the UK. This thesis provides the readers with two observations. First, Beijing will increase its economic diplomacy in the Brown administration. To promote diplomacy through economical interactions, Beijing will lay stress on the aspects of multilateral diplomacy cooperation, parliament, and mass media. Beijing will also temporarily decrease imports from the UK, when there is political friction between China and the UK. Second, when the reduction in the number of exchanged visits between leaders, the spillover on economic diplomacy will be affected. In addition, both political and military disputes may bring forth some short-term negative impact. Key words: China-British relations, the Blair administration, Economic diplomacy , Economic spillover.
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何秉澔. "A study on Hu Jintao's economic diplomacy." Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/13741083720910191686.
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Weekes, Mikhail Ausburne Alistir Sunil, and 韋克斯. "Economic Diplomacy of St. Vincent and Taiwan." Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/q9zj4w.
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碩士國立清華大學
國際專業管理碩士班
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The study implores a qualitative method which seeks to identify and question an ally of the Republic of China who shares similar socioeconomic conditions and governance framework with that of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines. The study examines influential factors of the Republic of Guatemala for utilizing an embassy in Taipei as its economic diplomacy instrument. Additionally, the study takes into account the perspective of St. Vincent and the Grenadines’ Ministry of Foreign Affairs inaction to utilize more effective economic diplomacy instruments. It scrutinizes the benefits derived from physical diplomatic representation, and list activities used to attain benefit on trades and investments among the alliance. The findings of the study agree with current literature in supporting the use of an embassy as the most Eco-diplomatic method to improve trade and investment between diplomatic allies. This study acts as a starting point in persuading the Vincentian government to expedite the consolidation of diplomatic relations and take steps to improve trades and investments with the Republic of China through the establishment a Vincentian embassy in Taipei.
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Li, Yang. "China’s Free Trade Agreement diplomacy." Thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/103486.
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This thesis examines China’s bilateral Free Trade Agreement (FTA) diplomacy. I adopt international regime theories to wrestle with how Beijing pursues diplomatic objectives through institutionalized economic relationships. It employs an eclectic approach encompassing three main research paradigms – realism, liberal institutionalism and constructivism - to test how China uses FTAs as a diplomatic means to achieve political ends. Six of ten FTAs that China has signed are investigated: ASEAN, New Zealand, Pakistan, Chile, Peru and Costa Rica. The China-Singapore FTA (CSFTA) is omitted as it replicates the China-ASEAN FTA (CAFTA) model. Thus, the CSFTA is treated as part of the CAFTA. The China-Iceland FTA and China-Swiss FTA are also left out because both of them came into force in July 2014 and are outside the research period. For the same reason, the China-South Korea FTA and the China-Australia FTA are not included as independent case studies. But all recently concluded FTAs are mentioned from time to time since they are not mutually exclusive, but together constitute a unique network. A key aspect of this thesis is that it demonstrates that no one international regime theory can fully explain the various dimensions and complexities of China’s FTA diplomacy. Instead, it verifies the utility and necessity of eclecticism as a formal analytical tool. As FTAs are institutional mechanisms established to foster economic cooperation, liberal institutionalism remains the leitmotif in FTA studies. However, it cannot fully account for China’s security-oriented FTAs, a dimension in which realism has major influence. In addition, FTAs are not purely material mechanisms but are affected by constructivist variables, such as state identities and norms. Strict formulations of institutionalism, realism and constructivism are therefore less convincing than eclectically incorporating all three research paradigms. This eclectism helps highlight the uniqueness of each case and allows more nuanced understandings of the varying strengths and weaknesses of the FTAs in the case studies. This thesis finds that China’s FTA diplomacy is half-successful in achieving political goals. On the one hand, its mega-economy, huge foreign exchange reserves, large domestic market, and the CCP government’s ability to allocate resources, have allowed Beijing to achieve some of its desired outcomes. On the other hand, the PRC is constrained by its peripheral and international environment, its level of economic development, emerging state capitalism, and big power relations. As a result, in some respects the FTA diplomacy has resulted in either half-wins or failures.Thesis (Ph.D.) -- University of Adelaide, School of Social Sciences, 2015.
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Fernandes, Ana Rita Neves. "The Impact of Economic Diplomacy on Exports: the Portuguese Case." Master's thesis, 2020. https://hdl.handle.net/10216/129088.
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