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Journal articles on the topic 'Economic diplomacy'
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Sokolova, E. N., and I. L. Yakushev. "WORLD ECONOMIC DIPLOMACY." ECONOMIC VECTOR 4, no. 35 (December 2023): 9–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.36807/2411-7269-2023-4-35-9-18.
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Traditional studies in the field of diplomacy have long been based on realistic and neorealistic approaches to international relations, which gave rise to a state-centric analysis of mainly political programs, giving way to economic issues. However, recently scientists have begun to pay attention to international relations that go beyond security. Thus, there has been a significant change in the study of diplomacy, with an emphasis on a better understanding of the processes and practices underlying economic diplomacy. New concepts of diplomacy have emerged, such as catalytic diplomacy, network diplomacy and multi-stakeholder diplomacy, which offer new tools for recognizing the wide variety of State and non-State actors in diplomatic practice, as well as for exploring the diverse and changing characteristics of diplomatic processes. In this context, two main topics in the study of diplomacy can be distinguished: The first is the role of a diplomat as an agent in international political economy, the second is how to fit into a diplomatic department for officials who do not belong to the state or the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. In the changing environment caused by globalization, economic diplomacy stimulates the development of various diplomatic methods and practices in new and existing economic forums. Four key ways of economic diplomacy have a significant impact on the management of modern globalization: commercial diplomacy, trade diplomacy, financial diplomacy and the provision of consular and visa services in connection with increasing immigration flows. The development of these methods of economic diplomacy has shaped our understanding of diplomats, their role and ways of its implementation.
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Killian, Pantri Muthriana Erza. "Economic Diplomacy as A Subject and Research Agenda: Practical, Conceptual and Methodological Issue." Jurnal Global & Strategis 15, no. 1 (March 29, 2021): 51. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/jgs.15.1.2021.51-78.
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Dalam kurun waktu 15-20 tahun terakhir, diplomasi ekonomi menjadi salah satu topik riset yang cukup diminati, seiring dengan semakin aktifnya negara-negara di dunia melakukan aktivitas ini. Australia, Jepang, Cina dan Indonesia merupakan contoh negara-negara yang telah melakukan restrukturisasi terhadap instrumen dan arah politik luar negeri untuk mengakomodasi masuknya diplomasi ekonomi sebagai salah satu agenda utama politik luar negerinya. Sayangnya, sebagai suatu kajian baru, diplomasi ekonomi masih mengalami beberapa tantangan utama, khususnya dalam proses pembentukan pengetahuan (knowledge-building process), yang ditandai dengan permasalahan pada tiga aspek utama yakni isu konseptual, metodologis dan alat analisis. Berdasarkan penelusuran terhadap referensi-referensi utamanya, tulisan ini menemukan bahwa diplomasi ekonomi masih membutuhkan konsolidasi di berbagai aspek termasuk definisi, varian/aliran, metode penelitian dan kerangka teori. Lebih lanjut, dikotomi antara studi diplomasi dan ilmu ekonomi – sebagai ilmu induk diplomasi ekonomi – juga menyebabkan polarisasi yang cukup signifikan dan berpengaruh pada perkembangannya sebagai bidang kajian. Oleh karena itu, tulisan ini bertujuan untuk mengusulkan upaya-upaya untuk mengatasi permasalahan-permasalahan ini dan membentuk diplomasi ekonomi sebagai suatu kajian dan agenda riset yang lebih tertata, sistematis, dan komprehensif.Kata-kata kunci: diplomasi ekonomi, diplomasi, diplomasi dagang, diplomasi komersialWithin the last 15-20 years, economic diplomacy has emerged to become an intriguing research topic, in line with states’ growing practice in this activity. Australia, Japan, China, and Indonesia are amongst the states who had restructured their instruments and foreign policy directions to incorporate economic diplomacy as an integral part of it. However, as a new research area, economic diplomacy faces several challenges in its knowledge-building process, most notably in formulating the conceptual, methodological, and analytical basis of the study. By tracing the core references of economic diplomacy, this paper finds that, as a research agenda, economic diplomacy lacks consolidation regarding its definition, variants/strands, research methods dan theoretical models. Moreover, the rigid dichotomy between diplomacy and economy – as the knowledge base of economic diplomacy – creates a significant polarisation, affecting economic diplomacy’s development as a new research field. Therefore, this paper seeks to introduce ways to overcome these problems and develop economic diplomacy as a more systematic and comprehensive research agenda.Keywords: economic diplomacy, diplomacy, trade diplomacy, commercial diplomacy
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Okano-Heijmans, Maaike. "Conceptualizing Economic Diplomacy:The Crossroads of International Relations, Economics, IPE and Diplomatic Studies." Hague Journal of Diplomacy 6, no. 1-2 (2011): 7–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/187119111x566742.
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AbstractThis article introduces both a conceptual and an analytical framework of economic diplomacy so as to contribute to sounder understanding of economic diplomacy’s activities, tools and goals. While the state is not regarded as the only player, or as a coherent entity, it is assumed that the state is the primary actor in economic diplomacy. The conceptual framework discerns five strands of economic diplomacy, which involve tools and purposes that are relatively more commercial/economic or political in character and are thereby closer to the ‘business end’ or ‘power-play end’ of economic diplomacy. The analytical framework identifies four essential dimensions of economic diplomacy within which historically contingent change may occur: the context; tools; theatres; and processes. Interaction between these dimensions takes place in multiple ways. Building on the insights provided by these frameworks, the article analyses the foci, assumptions and methodologies of the research fields that are concerned with economic diplomacy, and discusses the strategic and ideological considerations that underpin it.
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Haryono, Endi. "Economic Diplomacy as Indonesian Foreign Policy Orientation in 2015-2018: Challenges and Opportunities." Jurnal Global & Strategis 13, no. 2 (November 25, 2019): 46. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/jgs.13.2.2019.46-61.
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Artikel ini menjelaskan tentang diplomasi ekonomi dalam politik luar negeri Republik Indonesia di bawah Presiden Joko Widodo pada tahun 2015-2018 sebagai sebuah konsep dan kebijakan. Diplomasi ekonomi bukan sekadar satu dari arah kebijakan luar negeri tetapi lebih daripada itu diplomasi ekonomi telah menjadi corak dan gaya diplomasi Indonesia pada periode yang sama. Dari analisis kualitatif berbasis data-data sekuder berupa dokumen kebijakan, laporan resmi pemerintah dan pemberitaan media massa, studi ini mendapati bahwa politik luar negeri Indonesia di bawah Presiden Joko Widodo dilaksanakan untuk mendukung program pembangunan nasional. Dengn kata lain, politik luar negeri Presiden Joko Widodo adalah politik luar negeri untuk mengejar keperluan-keperluan dalam negeri. Oleh karenanya, corak diplomasi yang diterapkan adalah diplomasi ekonomi yang memang dibutuhkan untuk mendukung agenda pembangunan nasional, terutama penyelesaian program infrastruktur dan lainnya. Diplomasi ekonomi baru dalam terminologi tetapi sesungguhnya adalah revitalisasi diplomasi non-politik yang pernah dilaksanakan oleh Indonesia sebelumnya.Kata-kata kunci: politik luar negeri, diplomasi ekonomi, Indonesia, kemitraan ekonomi. This article explains the concept of economic diplomacy of Indonesian foreign policy under President Joko Widodo in 2015-2018. Economic Diplomacy is not only one of the Indonesian foreign policy directions under Joko Widodo but it was more as the most important characteristic and reference of Indonesian diplomacy of the period. Using a qualitative study that rellied upon the secondary data of policy documents, government reports, and media reporting from Kompas daily newspaper, this study concluded that the Indonesian foreign policy under President Joko Widodo was conducted to support the national development program, or foreign policy for domestic needs. Economic diplomacy was needed to support this national agenda of mega projects infrastructure and other development programs. This economic diplomacy was new in terminology but it was only a variant of non-political diplomacy which had been done by the ministry for foreign affairs of Indonesia in the previous administrations. Keywords: foreign policy, economic diplomacy, Indonesia, economic partnership.
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Ponsati, Clara. "Economic Diplomacy." Journal of Public Economic Theory 6, no. 5 (December 2004): 675–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9779.2004.00186.x.
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Eckes, Alfred E. "Economic Diplomacy." Diplomatic History 22, no. 1 (January 1998): 131–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-7709.00107.
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Musatova, Tatyana Leonidovna. "Economic diplomacy: pandemic effect." Mezhdunarodnaja jekonomika (The World Economics), no. 2 (February 1, 2021): 84–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.33920/vne-04-2102-01.
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The article analyzes the impact of the COVID-19 coronavirus pandemic crisis on the foreign policy and diplomacy of states, including economic diplomacy. ED is interpreted as a multi-sided multi-faceted activity, an integral part of foreign policy aimed at protecting the national interests and economic security of the country. Given the interdepartmental nature of the ED, the presence of numerous actors and agents, not only state, but also public and business structures, political and foreign economic coordination on the part of the Foreign Ministries is of great importance, and this role of foreign policy departments is increasing during the pandemic crisis. The activity of the ED of Russia in 2020 was generally successful, among the main results: active participation of diplomats in the anti-epidemic work of the Government of the Russian Federation, including export flights, provision of emergency assistance by compatriots abroad, assistance to foreign countries; measures to promote the Russian vaccine in the world, establish its production abroad, and thus win new world markets for medicines; settlement of the pricing crisis on the world oil market with the leading role of Russia and Saudi Arabia; adjustment of double taxation agreements with a number of foreign countries, taking into account the domestic economic needs of the country; the growing experience of BRICS, this interstate association, which did not know the crisis, including its fight against epidemiological diseases, during the period of Russia’s presidency in the BRICS; further steps to deepen integration within the EAEU; Russia’s success in the eastern direction of foreign policy, in the development of trade exchanges and epidemiological cooperation with the ASEAN and APEC states. The new world crisis has become a catalyst for the convergence of ED methods with scientific and public diplomacy, with other diplomatic cultures that can be combined under the general name of civil diplomacy. Such a separation is required to protect the legacy of professional diplomacy, the popularity and use of which methods is growing significantly. ED, as an integral part of official diplomacy, is presented as a mediator between classical and civil diplomacy. It provides civil society with an example of the more rigorous, pragmatic, resultsoriented work that the current pandemic crisis requires.
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Hutabarat, Leonard. "Vegetable Oil Economic Diplomacy as an Instrument of Indonesian Foreign Policy." Jurnal Global & Strategis 17, no. 1 (May 30, 2023): 131–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/jgs.17.1.2023.131-152.
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The development of international politics due to the Russian-Ukrainian conflict has caused international political instability and pressure on agricultural products and the energy sector in the world. Indonesia’s leading export commodity, under discriminatory pressure from the European Union, also has economic implications due to the Russian-Ukrainian war. Disruption to the world’s vegetable oil supply chains, the urgent need for food security, and the impact on achieving the goals of sustainable development that have been agreed upon so far make Indonesia seek to use the existing narrative through economic diplomacy. This condition is also related to Indonesia’s vegetable oil diplomacy as one of the foreign policy instruments. Therefore, economic diplomacy regarding Indonesian vegetable oils is also part of Indonesia’s national interest. This article uses qualitative methods with a descriptive-analytical type on how Indonesia uses the narrative of sustainable development issues in the context of Indonesian vegetable oils to achieve Sustainable Development Goals 2030, including instruments of economic diplomacy in realizing Indonesia’s national interest in Indonesia’s vegetable oil diplomacy. Keywords: economic diplomacy, Indonesia, foreign policy, vegetable oil, SDGs 2030 Perkembangan politik internasional akibat konflik Rusia-Ukraina telah menimbulkan dampak tidak hanya instabilitas politik internasional, namun juga tekanan terhadap komoditas produk pertanian maupun sektor energi di dunia. Komoditas ekspor unggulan Indonesia yang selama ini mendapatkan tekanan yang bersifat diskriminatif dari Uni Eropa juga memiliki implikasi ekonomi akibat terjadinya perang Rusia-Ukraina. Gangguan terhadap rantai pasok minyak nabati dunia dan sangat diperlukan tersedianya ketahanan pangan serta dampak terhadap pencapaian tujuan dari pembangunan berkelanjutan yang telah disepakati selama ini, menjadikan Indonesia berupaya menggunakan narasi yang ada melalui diplomasi ekonomi. Hal ini juga terkait dengan diplomasi minyak nabati Indonesia sebagai salah satu instrumen kebijakan luar negeri. Diplomasi ekonomi berkenaan dengan minyak nabati Indonesia juga merupakan bagian dari kepentingan nasional Indonesia. Artikel ini akan menjelaskan dengan metode kualitatif dengan jenis deskriptif analitis bagaimana Indonesia menggunakan narasi pembangunan berkelanjutan dalam konteks minyak nabati Indonesia guna mencapai Sustainable Development Goals 2030, termasuk instrumen diplomasi ekonomi dalam mewujudkan kepentingan nasional Indonesia dalam diplomasi minyak nabati Indonesia. Kata-kata Kunci: diplomasi ekonomi, Indonesia, kebijakan luar negeri, minyak nabati, SDGs 2030
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Budhathoki, Hemanta. "Assessment of Nepal’s Foreign Policy and Diplomacy towards China and India." Cognition 6, no. 1 (April 8, 2024): 31–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/cognition.v6i1.64436.
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The present foreign policies of Nepal are based on the Charter of the United Nations, non-alignment, principles of Panchasheel (peaceful co-existence, mutual respect for territorial integrity, sovereignty, and independence; non–aggression; non–interference in each other’s internal affairs and Equality and mutual benefit), international law and the norms of world peace, taking into consideration of the overall interest of the nation while remaining active in safeguarding the sovereignty, territorial integrity, independence, and national interest. The foreign policy of Nepal has been changing over the years. After unofficial blockade of immediate neighbor India, the challenges and opportunities are seen in the sky of Nepalese foreign policy. The major emerging challenges of Nepalese foreign policy are to balance the foreign policy with India and China continuation of independent foreign policy, recognize and prioritize the national interest, modernization of foreign policy, political consensus, national unity, political consensus, and good leadership, successful conduction of economic diplomacy, etc. Diplomacy is one of the powerful means or instruments of achieving the goals of foreign policy. The goals of foreign policy are guided by the national interests of concerned states. Diplomats are the actors who plays role according to the foreign policy of the concern state. Diplomats have to perform different functions and discharge different duties with their different roles and capacities. In other words, it is the task for the diplomat to act in different capacities and to play different a role because diplomacy itself is a serious business which requires different capacities and role by the diplomats. The major responsibility of diplomat is the promotion and protection of the national interests of Nepal. Therefore, the proficient diplomat should require making diplomacy effective.
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Salihu, MA Arben. "The Potential of Economic Diplomacy for Kosovo’s Economic Growth." ILIRIA International Review 5, no. 1 (June 30, 2015): 287. http://dx.doi.org/10.21113/iir.v5i1.21.
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Historically, the wise use of country’s economic potential brought conducive political gains. In contemporary times, where the business competition has reached its peak, the creative diplomacy that caters economic concerns, generally called the economic diplomacy is gaining pace. The term of Economic Diplomacy is fairly new, but apparently the research and evaluation of this concept is rapidly increasing, primarily to assess its impact on economic growth. Despite gaining popularity and acknowledgment, many countries are not taking full advantage of economic diplomacy, the Republic of Kosovo is case in point. The aim of this work is to explore the importance of economic diplomacy for Kosovo, a developing country, but with vast potential for growth. The study begins with a brief analysis on Kosovo economic history and the first signs of economic diplomacy. In addition, it discusses the role, importance and the future of economic diplomacy for Kosovo, vis a vis challenges and opportunities. It analysis the level of the use of economic diplomacy in the region, as well as presents data concerning Kosovo trade with world during the period 2004-2014. Finally it offers a number of recommendations for economic development in relations to economic diplomacy and concludes that success of the economic diplomacy largely depends on active, creative and proactive leadership as well as shrewd decison making.
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Ismail, Achmad. "NGO dalam Diplomasi Ekonomi: Implementasi Program Sustainable Development Goals (SDG’s) Poin Pengentasan Ketimpangan Sosial di Indonesia." Insignia: Journal of International Relations 6, no. 1 (March 13, 2019): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.20884/1.ins.2019.6.1.1255.
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Abstrak
Perubahan konstelasi global memberikan dampak nyata dari segi aktor diplomasi ekonomi. Jikalau dahulu hanya negara dan MNC yang saling berinteraksi, kini dunia internasional memasukan NGO dan IGO kedalam interaksi diplomasi ekonomi saat ini dengan perannya masing-masing. INFID sebagai NGO berperan penting terhadap aktor diplomasi ekonomi lainnya. Lebih lanjut, dalam diplomasi ekonomi transnasional memiliki spesialisasi dengan memasukan isu transnasional, aktor NGO dan IGO di dalamnya. Artikel ini lebih spesifik menelaah implementasi SDGs di Indonesia –isu pengentasan ketimpangan sosial sebagai isu transnasional menunjukkan tren meningkat di dunia, khususnya di Indonesia. Artikel ini menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif dengan pendekatan studi kasus maupun studi pustaka. Di lain sisi, artikel ini pula berargumen bahwa INFID memiliki peran penting dalam diplomasi ekonomi transnasional Indonesia dengan cara memberikan peran aktif dengan berbagai cara dalam proses pengambilan kebijakan pemerintah Indonesia maupun pada pertemuan PBB terkait implementasi SDGs poin pengentasan ketimpangan sosial. Pada kesimpulannya, isu pengentasan ketimpangan sosial menjadi isu transnasional yang semakin penting. Merespon isu tersebut, INFID sebagai NGO memiliki peran penting terhadap pengambilan kebijakan pemerintah Indonesia sebagai bagian diplomasi ekonomi transnasionalnya.
Kata kunci: NGO, pengurangan ketimpangan sosial, SDGs, diplomasi ekonomi transnasional
Abstract
Changes in the global constellation have a real impact in terms of economic diplomacy actors. If in the past only the state and MNC interacted with each other, now the international world has included NGOs and IGOs into the interaction of current economic diplomacy with their respective roles. INFID as an NGO plays an important role in other economic diplomacy actors. Furthermore, in transnational economic diplomacy has a specialization by including transnational issues, NGO and IGO actors in it. This article is more specific examine the implementation of SDGs in Indonesia - the issue of alleviating social inequality as a transnational issue shows an increasing trend in the world, especially in Indonesia. This article uses qualitative research methods with case study approach and literature studies. On the other hand, this article also argued that INFID has an important role in the Indonesia's transnational economic diplomacy by playing an active role in various ways in the Indonesian government's policy-making process as well as at UN meetings related to the implementation of the SDGs to reduce social inequality. In conclusion, the issue of alleviating social inequality has become an increasingly important transnational issue. Responding to the issue, INFID as an NGO has important role in the Indonesian government's policy making as part of its transnational economic diplomacy.
Keywords: NGOs, social inequality alleviation, SDGs, transnational economic diplomacy
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Pattinussa, Jhon Maxwell Yosua, and Edwin M. B. Tambunan. "Externality of Economic Diplomacy in Indonesia: Case Study of Investment within Palm Plantation Sector." Jurnal Global & Strategis 17, no. 1 (May 30, 2023): 1–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/jgs.17.1.2023.1-32.
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The rapid global trade has made the role of economic diplomacy becoming more significant for Indonesia. However, as international cooperation strengthened and investment flows increased following the success of economic diplomacy, externality towards the environment also appeared. By using green political theory as a theoretical basis, this article reveals how Indonesia’s economic diplomacy has overlooked environmental considerations and harmed the nature. This article uses an analytical framework highlighting commercial policy, assets as bargains, and laws governing business to examine the oil palm plantation case in Boven Digoel, Papua. Based on secondary data obtained from relevant literature and primary data collected through interviews, this research finds that the reliance of Indonesia’s economic diplomacy on commercial paper UU PMA 1967 (the 1967 Foreign Investment Law), forest assets offered as bargaining chips, and laws governing business as stated in PP.33/Menhut/2010 has resulted on the state’s neglect of nature protection. Keywords: Economic Diplomacy, Externalities, Green Political Theory, Natural Resources, Commercial Policy. Meningkatnya perdagangan global menyebabkan diplomasi ekonomi semakin penting bagi Indonesia. Namun, arus investasi dan menguatnya kerja sama internasional sebagai hasil dari diplomasi ekonomi ternyata menimbulkan eskternalitas terhadap lingkungan. Dengan menggunakan teori politik hijau sebagai landasan teori, tulisan ini mengungkap bahwa diplomasi ekonomi yang tidak mempertimbangkan aspek lingkungan menyebabkan kerusakan alam. Artikel ini menggunakan kerangka analisis yang menyoroti commercial policy, assets as bargain, dan hukum yang mengatur bisnis untuk menelaah kasus perkebunan kelapa sawit di Boven Digoel, Papua. Analisis dikembangkan secara kualitatif berdasarkan data sekunder yang didapat dari berbagai sumber kepustakaan yang relevan dan data primer yang dikumpulkan melalui wawancara penelitian ini menemukan bahwa dalam praktiknya diplomasi ekonomi mengabaikan kepentingan lingkungan. UU PMA 1967, aset yang ditawarkan, dan PP.33/Menhut/2010 merupakan bentuk dari pengabaian pemerintah terhadap perlindungan alam. Kata-kata Kunci: Diplomasi Ekonomi, Eksternalitas, Teori Politik Hijau, Sumber Daya Alam, Kebijakan Komersial.
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Zhang, Xiaotong. "EU-China Economic Diplomacy: When Economics Meets Politics." European Foreign Affairs Review 19, Special Issue (August 1, 2014): 57–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/eerr2014021.
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This article intends to understand the motivation, strategy and effects of the economic diplomacy exercised by the EU and China in their forty years-old relationship. The article examines the EU-China economic history which can be divided into four periods: the starting-up period (1975-1988), the 'Low Tide' Period (1989-1992), the 'Honeymoon' period (1993-2005), and the 'Turbulent' period (2006 till now). The cases of economic diplomacy chosen here are those of strategic importance, i.e. which had a direct bearing on the overall development of EU-China relations, instead of the specific nitty-gritty negotiations of technical nature. The last part summarizes the characteristics of the EU's economic diplomacy in its long-time relationship with China.
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Sabaruddin, Sulthon Sjahril. "Grand design of Indonesia's economic diplomacy: economic diplomacy index approach." International Journal of Diplomacy and Economy 3, no. 3 (2017): 187. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijdipe.2017.084109.
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Sabaruddin, Sulthon Sjahril. "Grand design of Indonesia's economic diplomacy: economic diplomacy index approach." International Journal of Diplomacy and Economy 3, no. 3 (2017): 187. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijdipe.2017.10004873.
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MJ, Hosana, Novriest Umbu W.N., and Triesanto Romulo Simanjuntak. "STRATEGI DIPLOMASI EKONOMI INDONESIA TERHADAP SINGAPURA DALAM PENINGKATAN EKONOMI DIGITAL TAHUN 2020-2022." Administraus 7, no. 1 (January 31, 2023): 75–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.56662/administraus.v7i1.197.
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Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguraikan strategi diplomasi ekonomi Indonesia terhadap Singapura dalam peningkatan ekonomi digital. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif, di mana metode tidak diperoleh dengan prosedur statistik dan akan dianalisis dengan melihat kondisi alamiah dan analisa data yang bersifat induksi dan tidak berdasarkan dari hasil eksperimen serta terus berkembang yang akan dijelaskan dengan logika. Sebagai prioritas utama kebijakan luar negeri Indonesia, diplomasi ekonomi Indonesia diharapkan dapat memberikan kontribusi bagi pembangunan ekonomi nasional khususnya dalam meningkatkan ekonomi digital. Tahun 2020-2022 merupakan era konstraksi perekonomian global dan pemulihan ekonomi yang baru dijalani oleh seluruh negara akibat pandemi COVID-19. Pentingnya mengetahui diplomasi ekonomi Indonesia terhadap Singapura adalah sebagai sarana pembelajaran dan kolaborasi dalam rangka mempercepat kemajuan ekonomi digital dalam negeri, sehingga kebijakan tersebut dapat terealisasi bersamaan dengan penyediaan fasilitas digital dan pemberdayaan masyarakat untuk berinovasi. Strategi diplomasi ekonomi Indonesia meliputi Leader/s Retreat, Economic Salesmanship, Networking, Regulation Management.
Kata Kunci: Diplomasi Ekonomi; Ekonomi Digital; Indonesia; Singapura
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This article aims to describe Indonesia's economic diplomacy strategy towards Singapore in enhancing the digital economy. This study uses a qualitative method, where the method is not obtained by statistical procedures and will be analyzed by looking at natural conditions and data analysis which is inductive in nature and not based on experimental results and continues to develop which will be explained logically. As a top priority for Indonesia's foreign policy, Indonesia's economic diplomacy is expected to contribute to national economic development, especially in enhancing the digital economy. The years 2020-2022 are an era of global economic contraction and economic recovery that all countries have just experienced due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The importance of knowing Indonesia's economic diplomacy towards Singapore is as a means of learning and collaboration in order to accelerate the progress of the domestic digital economy, so that these policies can be realized simultaneously with the provision of digital facilities and empowering people to innovate. Indonesia's economic diplomacy strategy includes Leader’s Retreat, Economic Salesmanship, Networking, Regulation Management.
Keywords: Economic Diplomacy; Digital Economy; Indonesia; Singapore
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Hutabarat, Leonard. "DIPLOMASI EKONOMI INDONESIA DAN PASAR PROSPEKTIF DI KAWASAN PACIFIC ALLIANCE: STUDI KASUS MEKSIKO DAN CHILE." Jurnal Asia Pacific Studies 2, no. 2 (December 5, 2018): 161. http://dx.doi.org/10.33541/japs.v2i2.806.
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This article argues that Indonesian economic diplomacy should consider Mexico and Chile as member of Pacific Alliance in Latin American region as the prospective markets for Indonesia in the future. As emerging economies, these two countries have positive economic projection, population growth and their demand for import products from other region. Based on economic diplomacy concept, Indonesian efforts to negotiate bilateral trade agreements (free trade agreement) or Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agreement (CEPA) with Mexico and Chile will be part of longterm strategy to build these countries as two of Indonesian non traditional markets.
Keywords : Economic Diplomacy, Pacific Alliance, Mexico, Chile
Abstrak
Artikel ini berargumen bahwa diplomasi ekonomi Indonesia perlu mempertimbangkan Meksiko dan Chile yang merupakan negara anggota Aliansi Pasifik di kawasan Amerika Latin sebagai pasar prospektif bagi Indonesia pada masa yang akan datang. Sebagai emerging economies, kedua negara ini memiliki proyeksi ekonomi yang positif, pertumbuhan penduduk dan kebutuhannya terhadap produk-produk impor dari kawasan lain. Berdasarkan konsep diplomasi ekonomi, upaya-upaya Indonesia untuk menegosiasikan perjanjian-perjanjian perdagangan bilateralnya (perjanjian perdagangan bebas) atau Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agreement (CEPA) dengan Meksiko dan Chile akan menjadi bagian dari starategi jangka panjang untuk mengembangkan kedua negara ini sebagai dua pasar non tradisional Indonesia.
Kata Kunci : Diplomasi Ekonomi, Aliansi Pasifik, Meksiko, Chile
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Killian, Pantri Muthriana Erza. "ASEAN�s External Economic Relations and the Limits of Its Economic Diplomacy." Intermestic: Journal of International Studies 6, no. 2 (May 31, 2022): 314. http://dx.doi.org/10.24198/intermestic.v6n2.4.
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The purpose of this article is to outline the multiple facets of ASEAN�s external economic relations (EER), loosely termed as ASEAN economic diplomacy. In doing so, this article builds on two main frameworks: strands of economic diplomacy and general framework of economic diplomacy and employs research interviews and documentary analysis as the main research method. Findings suggest that ASEAN is most advanced in its trade diplomacy, relying on the ASEAN-plus scheme. ASEAN also displays an interesting pattern in their trade diplomacy, since it is mostly aimed at achieving political goals rather than economic ones. The main reason for this is because ASEAN member states can actually achieve larger economic gains by negotiating individually rather than collectively through ASEAN. However, ASEAN still faces limitations in doing collective negotiations due to its regional development gap, different levels of economic ambition, absence of a common external tariff and the lack of a regional negotiator acting on behalf of ASEAN.
Keywords: ASEAN, economic diplomacy, external economic relations, trade diplomacy
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Riak PhD, Gabriel Alier, and Dut Bol Ayuel Bill. "THE IMPACT OF FOREIGN RELATION ON ECONOMIC POLICY IN AFRICA." IJRDO - Journal of Social Science and Humanities Research 8, no. 11 (November 5, 2022): 57–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.53555/sshr.v8i11.5385.
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Foreign refers to the conduct of human affairs by peaceful means, employing techniques of persuasion and negotiation (Barnett and Duvall, 2010). It usually refers to international diplomacy, the conduct of international relations through the intercession of professional diplomats with regard to issues of peace-making, trade, war, economics, culture, environment and human relations (Berridge, 2005). Diplomacy is typically carried out by government officials, who use bargaining, negotiation, and other peaceful means to negotiate treaties, trade policies, and other international agreements, including agreements to prevent, limit, manage, or settle conflicts (Claude, 2012).
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Pattanshetty, Sanjay, Aniruddha Inamdar, Kiran Bhatt, Viola Savy Dsouza, Anirudh Prem, and Helmut Brand. "Mapping capacity building programs in health diplomacy: Relevance and application in an uncertain world." F1000Research 12 (July 13, 2023): 820. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.134689.1.
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Background: Health diplomacy is one of the emerging avenues for academics where foreign policy dynamics and global health meet. Its relevance has augmented especially after the COVID-19 pandemic that brought the world to a halt. International organization and national entities that are responsible for health governance as well as its socio-economic determinants have been increasingly involved in the negotiations for a collective action towards a better health infrastructure and preparedness. However, the approach to health diplomacy seems to vary with whether health is looked through diplomacy lens or vice versa. Thus, inculcating adequate and appropriate competencies of both fields to conduct negotiations for health while keeping national interests and international commitments intact is imperative. Methods: This study investigates 50 programmes/courses that have been currently offered around the globe to understand the competencies that have been identified as essential for a health diplomat. We examined four aspects: i) geographical distribution of programme/course (ii) the type of global health diplomacy programme being offered and their duration (iii) mode of teaching and (iv) cross-cutting themes that the programme offers. Results: We found that the courses/programmes have been mostly provided by the countries of the Global North who play a key part in international negotiations. Although there were diverse types of certifications identified, they can be classified into two groups - core health diplomacy and inclusive health diplomacy programmes. The health diplomacy training is preferred to be provided in-person due to the nature of the work. Conclusions: While competencies for health governance and international relation have been dominant among the current programmes, other cross-cutting themes such as economics, politics, law, public policy, crisis management, environment and public health have been considered essential. The article concludes with a proposal of a framework to streamline the sectors and the competencies that is required in health diplomats.
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Hartono, Hartono. "DIPLOMASI ACEH DAN TURKI UTSMANI: KERJA SAMA DAKWAH ISLAM DALAM BINGKAI PERDAGANGAN ABAD XVI-XIX MASEHI." Al-Tsaqafa : Jurnal Ilmiah Peradaban Islam 19, no. 2 (January 2, 2023): 159–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.15575/al-tsaqafa.v19i2.19253.
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ABSTRAKAceh and Turkey are kingdoms that have carried out diplomacy for a long time. The diplomacy is a collaborative effort between the two kingdoms. Diplomacy is built in harmony, which is proven by helping each other like brothers. In this established diplomacy, it focuses on the political, religious and economic fields. This article aims to examine the diplomacy carried out by Aceh and Turkey, especially in preaching Islam in the Malay region and in the trade sector. This article uses a literature review research method, by examining existing sources. The result of this study is that the diplomacy carried out by Aceh and Turkey is very important in efforts to preach Islam and trade safety. With this diplomacy, Islam can spread throughout the Kingdom of Aceh and can be accepted by the wider community.Kata Kunci : Aceh, Diplomasi, Dakwah Islam, Turki. ABSTRAK Aceh dan Turki merupakan kerajaan yang telah melakukan diplomasi dalam jangka waktu yang lama. Diplomasi tersebut merupakan upaya kerja sama di antara kedua kerajaan. Diplomasi dibangun dengan harmonis, yang dibuktikan dengan saling membantu di antara keduanya. Dalam diplomasi yang terjalin ini fokus pada bidang politik, keagamaan dan ekonomi. Artikel ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji tentang diplomasi yang dilakukan oleh Aceh dan Turki khusunya dalam mendakwahkan agama Islam di wilayah Melayu dan dalam bidang perdagangan. Artikel ini menggunakan metode penelitian kajian pustaka, dengan mengkaji sumber-sumber yang telah ada. Hasil dari kajian ini yakni diplomasi yang dilakukan oleh Aceh dan Turki sangat penting dalam upaya dakwah Islam dan keselamatan perdagangan. Kata Kunci: Aceh, Diplomasi, Dakwah Islam, Turki .
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Shrestha, Rajendra. "Economic Diplomacy for Development Partnership." Journal of Foreign Affairs 1, no. 1 (April 2, 2021): 59–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jofa.v1i1.36249.
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The turn of events after the end of the Cold War called for revisiting traditional approaches to foreign policy. Shift in the world order triggered by enhanced economic activities in the national, regional and international markets has increased the need for coordinated economic diplomacy. Nepal, after the restoration of democracy in 1990, attempted to institutionalise and practise economic diplomacy through the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and its overseas missions. Exploring the leading features of economic diplomacy, this study revisits the economic diplomacy experiences of Nepal. Underscoring how a country’s development success, in the globalised era, depends on the application of new skills and tactfulness in the conduct of relations by the lead ministry in the government, this paper internalises the importance of more competent and robust strategies to enhance the spirit of coordinated economic diplomacy. Hypothesising that Nepal has huge potential for development and economic growth, and prospects to conduct coordinated economic diplomacy, the study recommends strategies to strengthen coordinated economic diplomacy as a tool to advance Nepal’s economic, political and strategic interests.
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Dragan, Zvone. "Economic diplomacy during the economic crisis." International Journal of Diplomacy and Economy 2, no. 3 (2014): 225. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijdipe.2014.064800.
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Yousef, Wisam Ben. "Aspects of economic diplomacy." International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications (IJSRP) 12, no. 5 (May 24, 2022): 386. http://dx.doi.org/10.29322/ijsrp.12.05.2022.p12548.
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Melissen, Jan, Maaike Okano-Heijmans, and Peter A. G. van Bergeijk. "Economic Diplomacy: The Issues." Hague Journal of Diplomacy 6, no. 1-2 (2011): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/187119111x576688.
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Ivashchuk, Iryna, Vitaliy Zapukhlyak, and Oleh Ivashchuk. "ECONOMIC DIPLOMACY AS A DETERMINANT OF ECONOMIC PROGRESS AND A STRATEGIC PRIORITY FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF COUNTRIES." Institute of accounting, control and analysis in the globalization circumstances, no. 3-4 (December 30, 2022): 44–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.35774/ibo2022.03-04.044.
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Introduction. Under the influence of global transformations in the world, both economic processes and the system of international relations are undergoing changes. Accordingly, modern diplomacy acquires new features, its forms and methods of conduct change, the way of presenting information about one's intentions or rejection of certain phenomena, despite the obligation to comply with protocol requirements. Therefore, the current issue is the scientific substantiation of the conceptual foundations of economic diplomacy and its role in implementing the strategic priorities of the countries' development and ensuring their economic progress. Methods. The research methodology is based on a systemic approach, according to which the tools and methods of economic diplomacy and the economic progress and strategic development of states are considered in a close relationship and causality. To solve the research tasks, both general scientific and special methods of scientific research were used, in particular: the method of going from the abstract to the concrete, analysis and synthesis, generalization and analogy, conceptual and logical analysis, the historical method in combination with the methods of empirical research and international comparative studies. The results. The role of economic diplomacy in the economic development of countries is substantiated. Conceptual approaches to the concept of "economic diplomacy" are defined, and its role in the implementation of the strategic priorities of the countries' development is revealed. It is argued that economic diplomacy acquires a new character and covers wider areas. It is substantiated that the processes of economic integration force more active use of the tools of economic diplomacy. The peculiarities of the experience of some countries in the implementation of strategic development priorities using the tools of economic diplomacy are revealed. The strategic vectors and goals of economic diplomacy in promoting the national interests of countries are outlined. As a result of the conducted research, the conceptual foundations of economic diplomacy were scientifically substantiated; its role in implementing the strategic priorities of the development of individual countries and ensuring their economic progress is argued; the strategic vectors and goals of economic diplomacy in promoting the national interests of states are outlined. Discussion. The obtained research results can be used for further scientific developments regarding the improvement of the theoretical basis of economic diplomacy and its influence on economic progress. Keywords: economic diplomacy, economic progress, tools of "soft power", commercial diplomacy, national interests, strategies of economic diplomacy.
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Yeboah, Steve Asirifi. "ECONOMIC DIPLOMACY AND NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT GHANA UNDER KUFUOR (2001-2008): ‘MAMMON’ AND GOOD NEIGHBOURLINESS." International Journal of New Economics and Social Sciences 10, no. 2 (December 31, 2019): 201–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0013.8098.
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This study seeks to assess the extent to which President Kufuor’s adoption of economic diplomacy impacted the economic growth and development of Ghana from 2001-2008. The economic development of Ghana after inde-pendence vary from one administration to the other with military takeovers influencing and changing the course and rate of development. President Kufuor’s administration however presents a remarkable record of immense economic growth. Kufuor’s era was thus, termed as the “Golden Age of Business” following the gravity of private businesses springing up and an environment created for such initiatives to thrive on. In the final analysis, the study came to the realization that Kufuor’s administration reemphasizes the deepening economic relation Ghana developed with other partners through the implementation of economic diplomacy. The study underlined some initiatives that was embarked on and further provided some macroeconomic indicators representing the level of development during his era. The result revealed the roles of diplomats as primary avenues for the promotion of economic diplomacy and how their activities impact the economic growth of a country.
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Santoso, Rizal Budi, and Dwi Fauziansyah Moenardy. "INDONESIA'S ECONOMIC DIPLOMACY IN INDONESIA-EFTA COMPREHENSIVE ECONOMIC PARTNERSHIP AGREEMENT (IE-CEPA)." Indonesian Journal of International Relations 7, no. 2 (August 3, 2023): 271–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.32787/ijir.v7i2.456.
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This article aims to analyze Indonesia's economic diplomacy in the Indonesia-EFTA Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agreement (IE-CEPA), which can provide excellent opportunities for Indonesia to increase trade and investment with EFTA countries. The analytical framework used in this article is economic diplomacy with the operationalization of trade diplomacy, according to Okano-Heijmans. The research method in this article uses qualitative methods. The results of this article show that Indonesia's economic diplomacy gives a positive view of IE-CEPA as an important agreement to strengthen economic relations between Indonesia and EFTA countries through reducing import duty rates, eliminating non-tariff barriers, and protecting investment, which is expected to increase the power of competitiveness of Indonesian products in the European market and increase Indonesia's exports to EFTA countries.
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MAZARAKI, Anatolii, and Alina BOKHAN. "Economic and environmentaldiplomacy: strategic contextof development." Foreign trade: economics, finance, law 121, no. 2 (June 30, 2022): 4–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.31617/zt.knute.2022(121)01.
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Introduction. An important issue is to ensure the intensification of international economic relations in the context of globalization and the strengthhening of environmental determinants. The use of mechanisms, models and tools of economic and environmental diplomacy will improve the competitive position and image of countries. Problem. It is necessary to develop the potential of economic and environmental diplomacy as integrators of politics, economics and ecology, initiators of the functioning of platforms for consolidation of countries in solving global problems. The aim of the article is to define the features of economic and environmental diplomacy in the context of strategic directions of development in the context of globalization and increasing international competition. Methods. The methodological basis of the study are general and special methods, comprehensive analysis. Results. The article considers topical issues of modern development of economic and environmental diplomacy, directions of policy changes in international economic relations, image formation and competitive positions. The development of the country’s national economic potential on the world stage depends on new forms of diplomacy, mechanisms to protect the economic and environmental interests of countries, development of international dialogue, trade negotiations, business cooperation and intensification of business initiatives. Conclusions. The development of economic and environmental diplomacy of Ukraine is a progressive type of activity aimed at representing and protecting the national interests of the country and assisting exporters in world markets.
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Dookeran, Winston. "Economic Diplomacy in the Caribbean." Economic Diplomacy 1, no. 1 (September 1, 2023): 29–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ecdip-2023-0001.
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Abstract Caribbean economic diplomacy is at a crossroad, not knowing where and how to turn. This paper opens an intense discourse on the issues facing the Caribbean economy – the nexus between integration and convergence, the stress and resilience of its economic institutions, as well as the dilemma of leaders in the practice of economic diplomacy. The paper also examines the old and new challenges of global cooperation and the framework of power and geopolitics in the conduct of economic diplomacy in the Caribbean. As the frontiers of Caribbean diplomacy shift, its unique and diverse landscape makes the region an enigma with unfolding foreign policy options on a fragile map of the many Caribbeans in one economic space.
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Bokhan, A. V. "Clusters of Ecological Diplomacy in Terms of International Cooperation." Business Inform 2, no. 529 (2022): 4–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.32983/2222-4459-2022-2-4-9.
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The article considers topical issues of development of clusters of ecological diplomacy in the context of international cooperation. The author determines the need to form a new mechanism of economic development, taking into account the policy of ecological security, changes in the format of negotiations, diversification of ecological and economic activity, and institutional potential. The deterioration of the environment and resource support is of concern to humanity, which requires the creation of economic and global rules of interaction between countries. The ecological factor affects the transformation of international economic relations, competitive relations, market advantages, the potential of countries and their ability to develop cooperation on the basis of cluster formations. The current approaches to multilateral ecological diplomacy have been systematized. It is proposed to consider clusters of ecological diplomacy according to the following principles: multilateralism, interaction and interconnectedness of spheres of activity. It is proved that the role of clusters of ecological diplomacy will grow, and their functioning will contribute to: ecological and economic cooperation of diplomatic missions of different countries; exchange of experience between diplomats on new models of contacts in the sphere of ecologization of international economic activity. Applying the system principle to clustering covers topical issues in solving global problems. The development of ecological diplomacy in Ukraine is a promising direction, but so far it is accompanied by the lack of an integrated approach to the mechanisms of its implementation at the ideological, political, legislative, institutional and organizational levels. Ecological diplomacy is the direction of systemic and integrated diplomatic activity when generating a new level of representation and protection of ecological and economic interests of countries and other subjects of international cooperation, oriented to progressive mechanisms for transforming global challenges into qualitatively new opportunities for balanced development and ecological security of society
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Al-Muftah, Hamad, and Uthayasankar Sivarajah. "A Theoretical Perspective of an e-Diplomacy Maturity Framework." International Journal of Electronic Government Research 12, no. 4 (October 2016): 35–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijegr.2016100103.
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Diplomacy forms the basis of interaction for countries throughout the globe, while propelling cordial international relations in a wide array of socio-cultural and political. This research outlines an innovative conceptual structure for examining the maturity and feasibility of e-diplomacy. The proposed e-diplomacy maturity framework is a derivative of literary analysis on e-government maturity model, ICT growth of stage theories, coupled with theoretical information and practical features of diplomacy. The e-diplomacy maturity model constitutes variables like the degree of complexity and level of interactivity. Integration of the two variables results in varying phases of the framework. Challenges implicated in the e-diplomacy maturity framework include: sensitivity hence discretionary nature of diplomatic elements, setbacks in organizational structure, and communication impediments on the part of diplomats, as well as, politico-economic concerns and socio-cultural tendencies of various parties.
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Krotenko, Yuri. "Theoretical aspects of modern economic diplomacy." EcoSoEn, no. 1 (February 2023): 5–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.54481/ecosoen.2023.1.01.
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The prerequisites for the formation of innovative approaches to the development of the modern concept of economic diplomacy are formulated. The international experience of activating national projects in the field of economic diplomacy is described. Proposals are being formulated for the development of public-private partnership in the field of economic diplomacy.
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Naumkina, Svitlana, Oleksii Kokoriev, and Svitlana Dmytrashko. "PUBLIC DIPLOMACY AS A TOOL FOR SETTLEMENT OF INTERNATIONAL SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC DISPUTES." Baltic Journal of Economic Studies 9, no. 5 (December 28, 2023): 176–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.30525/2256-0742/2023-9-5-176-185.
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Subject of the study. The problems of economic diplomacy are constantly in the focus of researchers' attention, especially in recent years, when the challenges of the globalisation era have significantly changed the rules of interaction in international relations: limiting the possibilities of classical diplomacy within the Westphalian system, allowing new actors (multinational corporations, non-governmental organisations) to enter the diplomatic field, introducing advanced forms of diplomatic communication, etc. These innovations have led to significant changes in the field of economic diplomacy, as the economic aspects of international relations have become crucial in the process of economic competition in the modern world. Hence, the purpose of this paper is to provide an in-depth study of the theoretical and applied aspects of modern instruments of diplomatic influence as a system of mechanisms for interstate regulation of the world economy, which belongs to the sphere of foreign policy and is, by its very nature, one of the main and most effective means of settling international socio-economic disputes. Since the term "diplomacy" is most often used: 1) in the sense of state activity in the sphere of foreign relations; 2) as a set of institutions and persons engaged in state activity in the sphere of foreign relations; 3) to define the profession of a diplomat. Traditionally, some of the main methods of diplomatic activity are: negotiations, conclusion of bilateral (multilateral) agreements, opening of representative offices of one state in another, etc. Methods of implementing diplomacy are defined as appropriate levers of influence on governments, diplomatic representatives and other persons of foreign states, using and applying the world's effective diplomatic experience of conducting business relations of states to achieve its objectives. Currently, economic diplomacy is an important catalyst for economic progress not only in individual countries but also in the global economy, an integral element of foreign policy to improve international competitiveness, investment and tourist attractiveness of the country, increase its foreign trade activity, open new production facilities and create new jobs. Undoubtedly, the role of economic diplomacy is obvious for countries with a high level of investment and trade activity, for SMEs trying to enter the markets of other countries, and for multinational companies that are strengthening their presence in the world. Conclusion. The current development of multilateral economic diplomacy is shaped by the following trends: expansion of the mandate of leading multilateral organisations and forums beyond the scope of traditionally discussed issues (in recent years, the OECD has been discussing non-traditional aspects such as environmental and food security, population ageing, fighting corruption, etc.); increasing the number of participants in the global economy and expanding the scope of regulation within international organisations necessitates reforming the institutions of multilateral economic diplomacy (the WTO has developed a document "The Future of the WTO" containing proposals for organisational reform); multilateral economic diplomacy has become open and public (many developed countries often make proposals addressed to the entire world community (especially on global issues of economic, social and environmental development)); interaction of various organisations and forums is increasing (the WTO cooperates with the IMF, the World Bank, the UN, UNCTAD, etc.); increase in the level of publicity and transparency of multilateral diplomacy (openness to the media, prompt posting of information on the official websites of international organisations). Despite the fact that multilateral economic diplomacy has many problems, it can be argued that bilateral and multilateral economic diplomacy forms an effective mechanism for managing global economic processes in the interests of individual countries and the global community as a whole.
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Savoysky, Alexander G. "RUSSIA’S ARCTIC DIPLOMACY AS A PRIORITY OF ECONOMIC DIPLOMACY." Ideas and Innovations 9, no. 4 (2021): 104–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.48023/2411-7943_2021_9_4_104.
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Armstrong, Shiro. "Economic Diplomacy and Economic Security under Abe." Asian Economic Policy Review 16, no. 2 (January 19, 2021): 283–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/aepr.12335.
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Woolcock, Stephen. "EU Economic Diplomacy: The Factors Shaping Common Action." Hague Journal of Diplomacy 6, no. 1-2 (2011): 83–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/187119111x576949.
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AbstractThe current special issue of The Hague Journal of Diplomacy is concerned with economic diplomacy. This article looks at the role that the European Union plays in economic diplomacy and shows that the EU’s role is essentially to facilitate, rather than to promote national companies as EU member state governments do. After discussing the various definitions of economic diplomacy, the article summarizes the areas in which the European Union constrains the scope for certain national policies of the EU member states. The article then discusses the factors that shape EU economic diplomacy and assesses the relative importance of these factors in specific negotiations.
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Margiansyah, Defbry. "Revisiting Indonesia’s Economic Diplomacy in the Age of Disruption: Towards Digital Economy and Innovation Diplomacy." JAS (Journal of ASEAN Studies) 8, no. 1 (August 2, 2020): 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.21512/jas.v8i1.6433.
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With the rise of digital technologies and innovation disrupting the economy, the global phenomenon challenged the current concept and strategies of “conventional” economic diplomacy that have increasingly gained importance in contemporary foreign policy, including Indonesia. In the meantime, the digital economy had been significantly growing as a potential driver of growth and an inclusive economy which becomes central in the Indonesian development agenda. A new or innovation-based economy such as the digital economy did not only become one of the priorities in national policies but also emerge to be an essential variable to the foreign policy of Indonesia amid diplomatic deficit. This research examines Indonesia’s economic diplomacy in optimizing the potential of digital and new economic activities in facing the challenges of digital disruption. By employing integrative diplomacy concept, this research argues that Indonesia’s government should pursue intermestic, comprehensive and integrative strategies in its economic diplomacy by integrating new economy through the construction of “innovation diplomacy.” This research finds that the existing economic diplomacy is strongly directed to “conventional” commercial diplomacy, while it gives insufficient space for a new economy to develop significantly, due to the absence of concept supporting the operation of innovation-focused economic diplomacy. Consequently, it is suggested that Jakarta urgently has to reconceptualize its economic diplomacy more strategically in order to achieve “diplomatic sophistication,” by way of constructing “innovation diplomacy” as a subset of economic diplomacy.
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Marchukov, A. N. "The EU Public Diplomacy in the United States under the D. Trump Administration: Challenges, Key Projects and Outcomes." Moscow University Bulletin of World Politics 14, no. 4 (March 24, 2023): 125–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.48015/2076-7404-2022-14-4-125-144.
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Public diplomacy is one of the key foreign policy instruments of the European Union for strengthening its international stance. In that regard, Brussels pays special attention to ensuring trust-based relations with the United States, which traditionally acts as the EU’s leading trade and military partner. The apparent cooling in transatlantic relations provoked by harmful rhetoric and practices of D. Trump administration forced the EU to focus on non-traditional channels of interacting with the American audience. In this context, the analysis of the EU’s attempts to adapt its public diplomacy programmes in the United States to the new realities is of particular interest. The first section outlines the political, economic, administrative, and image risks faced by EU diplomats in this area during the presidency of D. Trump (2017−2020). The second section examines the main thematic priorities, mechanisms and projects of the EU public diplomacy aimed at the American audience. The author argues that during the period under review the EU placed special emphasis on advocacy, cultural diplomacy, and exchange programmes for young people. The author concludes that, although European diplomats failed to achieve a qualitative improvement in transatlantic relations during D. Trump’s tenure, the EU public diplomacy demonstrated resilience and flexibility in the face of adverse circumstances. Indeed, the EU diplomats proved their creativity in developing innovative programmes which can be instrumental for future development of the EU public diplomacy in general.
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Aldeeb, Khalid. "International marketing and economic diplomacy." International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications (IJSRP) 11, no. 10 (October 24, 2021): 734–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.29322/ijsrp.11.10.2021.p11883.
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de Haan, Arjan. "Development Cooperation as Economic Diplomacy?" Hague Journal of Diplomacy 6, no. 1-2 (2011): 203–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/187119111x564113.
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AbstractThis article explores the role of international development cooperation — or aid — in foreign policy and diplomacy. Based on his experience as a practitioner, Arjan de Haan makes the observation that the development debate, and in particular the search for effective aid, has neglected the political role of aid. Moreover, the high political symbolism that aid has obtained, particularly in the last decade, has received relatively little attention. A political perspective on aid is now rapidly becoming more important, especially because of the enhanced importance of global security in setting an aid agenda, and because the old ways of working are — or seem to be — challenged by the rise of China and other countries that were recently (and still are) recipients of aid. An understanding of the diverse political motives behind aid should inform the way that aid effectiveness is measured. The changing politics in which aid is embedded are illustrated with reference to the Netherlands, which used to have one of the most respected aid programmes because of its multilateral emphasis and ‘untying’ of aid, and because Dutch strategic interests have now been made one of the cornerstones of the Netherlands’ new policy. The article hypothesizes that reinforcing progressive principles around international development can be a supportive element of a strengthened diplomacy in the globalized world beyond 2010.
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Viswanathan, H. H. S. "India's economic diplomacy in Africa." International Journal of Diplomacy and Economy 1, no. 3/4 (2013): 199. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijdipe.2013.057013.
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Creusen, Harold, and Arjan Lejour. "Market entry and economic diplomacy." Applied Economics Letters 20, no. 5 (March 2013): 504–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13504851.2012.714066.
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Barua, Poonam. "Economic Diplomacy in South Asia." South Asian Survey 13, no. 1 (March 2006): 17–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/097152310501300102.
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Papadimitriou, Pyrros, and Victoria Pistikou. "Economic Diplomacy in National Security." Procedia Economics and Finance 19 (2015): 129–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s2212-5671(15)00015-5.
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Hendrickson, David C., and Richard N. Haass. "Economic Sanctions and American Diplomacy." Foreign Affairs 77, no. 5 (1998): 154. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/20049083.
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Schelling, Thomas C. "The economic diplomacy of geoengineering." Climatic Change 33, no. 3 (July 1996): 303–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00142578.
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Elkhamkhi, Waled. "Economic Diplomacy and Political Goals." International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications 13, no. 5 (May 23, 2023): 395–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.29322/ijsrp.13.05.2023.p13750.
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Papastamou, Andreas. "Venice's Economic Diplomacy: Timeless Lessons for Contemporary Global Challenges." European Journal of Law and Political Science 3, no. 1 (January 4, 2024): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/ejpolitics.2024.3.1.128.
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Several authors have explored the role of Venice in diplomacy, given the city-state’s historical significance as a major maritime and trading power. Could the Venice experience teach us about economic diplomacy today? Venice, during its heyday as a maritime republic and a major economic power in the Mediterranean, offers several lessons in economic diplomacy that remain relevant today. While the historical context differs, the principles underlying Venice’s economic success and diplomatic strategies can provide insights into contemporary international relations and economic diplomacy.
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Pontes, Daniel, Vasco Santos, Orlando Samões, Shuangao Wang, and Ronnie Figueiredo. "Towards Internationalization: Exploring Economic Diplomacy in the Middle East (GCC)." Economies 12, no. 4 (March 31, 2024): 82. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/economies12040082.
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Internationalization is a crucial process for companies seeking growth and expansion in foreign markets, especially in the Middle East, where economies have been developing and diversifying business opportunities, seeing it as an attractive destination to expand their operations. This study presents a comprehensive analysis of the internationalization process of economic diplomacy by exploring the experiences of renowned Portuguese companies within the Gulf Cooperation Council. The Gulf Cooperation Council countries are integral players in the Middle East market, characterized as rentier states that are heavily reliant on oil and gas revenues and possess varying levels of economic and military strength, with Saudi Arabia and the UAE being the most prominent. The focus group method was applied in the qualitative research. It contributes to reinforcing the literature on internationalization processes, economic diplomacy, and the Middle East market. The findings provide valuable guidance to Portuguese companies, policymakers, and economic diplomats involved in promoting and facilitating international trade and investment.