Academic literature on the topic 'Economic efficiency factor'

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Journal articles on the topic "Economic efficiency factor"

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Klíma, J., and M. Palát. "Labour productivity as a factor forming the economic efficiency and competitive ability of the country." Agricultural Economics (Zemědělská ekonomika) 49, No. 11 (March 2, 2012): 515–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/5440-agricecon.

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The paper is focused on the evaluation of labour productivity in industry as a whole and in the selected branches in the Czech Republic in 1997–2001. The labour productivity index for employees is the ratio of industrial production indices and indices of the number of employees. Methods of regression and correlation analysis and development trends were applied for the mathematical-statistical analysis.
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Porokhovsky, A. "The Efficiency of Economic Education." Voprosy Ekonomiki, no. 7 (July 20, 2006): 108–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.32609/0042-8736-2006-7-108-117.

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The main topic of the article is the global problem of the role of economic education in modern society. On the basis of the USA and EU countries experience the author demonstrates different ways of increasing the efficiency of economic training - program modification, changing of teaching methods, using contemporary technology and teacher positions as the main factor.
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Ohene-Asare, Kwaku, Eric Nuertey Tetteh, and Evelyn Lamisi Asuah. "Total factor energy efficiency and economic development in Africa." Energy Efficiency 13, no. 6 (July 7, 2020): 1177–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12053-020-09877-1.

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Gerasimenko, O. "Personnel involvement as a key factor of economic efficiency." Telescope: Journal of Sociological and Marketing Research, no. 2 (2021): 56–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.51692/1994-3776_2021_2_56.

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Čechura, L. "  Technical efficiency and total factor productivity in Czech agriculture." Agricultural Economics (Zemědělská ekonomika) 58, No. 4 (April 19, 2012): 147–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/56/2011-agricecon.

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The paper deals with the analysis of technical efficiency and the total factor productivity (TFP) in Czech agriculture. The aim is to identify the key factors determining the efficiency of input use and the TFP development. The Fixed Management model is used for the estimation of technical efficiency and the construction of TFP for the total agriculture and its individual branches. The results show that technical inefficiency is an important phenomenon in Czech agriculture and its individual branches. The TFP development is determined by all components, i.e., technical efficiency, scale effect, technological change and management. Their contributions differ intrasectorally and intersectorally, and also in time. Finally, the developments in the individual branches are characterized by idiosyncratic factors, as well as the systemic effect, especially in the animal production. The most important factors which determine both technical efficiency and TFP are the factors connected with institutional and economic changes, in particular a dramatic increase in the imports of meat and increasing subsidies.  
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Podolskaya, Tatiana, Alexey Baranov, and Ludmila Tomashevskaya. "URBAN CREATIVE CLUSTERS AS A FACTOR OF GLOBAL ECONOMIC EFFICIENCY." EUrASEANs: journal on global socio-economic dynamics, no. 2(21) (April 4, 2020): 33–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.35678/2539-5645.2(21).2020.33-43.

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In the paper the authors analyze theoretical approaches to definition and classification of creative clusters, including used by the international economic organizations. The role and influence of creative economy for modern development of the urbanized cities is shown. In the paper the production factor which is basic for creation of added value in creative economy is designated. The authors show influence of the creative industries on development of world economy using of relevant analytical materials and statistical data. On the basis of the retrospective analysis from the Russian and foreign practice experience of creation and development of the creative cities is analyzed. Such mechanisms of change of the urbanized cities’ public space as a placemaking and redevelopment are described. In the study the comparative analysis of creative economy’s key indicators of the world capitals – leaders in development of the creative environment in dynamics is carried out. Analysis is based on the data of the Global Creativity Index and the interrelation of creativity level with urban saturation and competitiveness of the countries and cities.
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Ma, Junwei, Jianhua Wang, and Philip Szmedra. "Economic Efficiency and Its Influencing Factors on Urban Agglomeration—An Analysis Based on China’s Top 10 Urban Agglomerations." Sustainability 11, no. 19 (September 28, 2019): 5380. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11195380.

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Economic efficiency is the key issue of sustainable development in urban agglomerations. To date, more attention has been paid to the estimates of productivity gains from urban agglomerations. Differing from the previous studies, this paper focuses on the influencing factors and mechanisms of the economic efficiency of urban agglomerations, and check the effects of three different externalities (industrial specialization, industrial diversity and industrial competition) on the economic efficiency of urban agglomerations. The selected samples are multiple urban agglomerations, and the economic efficiency of urban agglomerations includes single factor productivity and total factor productivity. China’s top 10 urban agglomerations are selected as the case study and their differences in economic efficiency are portrayed comparatively. Firstly, a theoretical analysis framework for three different externalities effect mechanisms on the economic efficiency of urban agglomerations is incorporated. Secondly, economic efficiency measurement index system composes of labor productivity, capital productivity, land productivity and total factor productivity, and the impact of various factors on the economic efficiency of urban agglomerations is tested. The results confirm some phenomena (MAR externality, Jacobs externality and Porter externality) discussed or mentioned in the literature and some new findings regarding the urban agglomerations, derive policy implications for improving economic efficiency and enhancing the sustainability of urban agglomerations, and suggest some potentials for improving the limitations of the research.
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Yang, C. H., L. Wu, and H. L. Lin. "Analysis of total-factor cultivated land efficiency in China's agriculture." Agricultural Economics (Zemědělská ekonomika) 56, No. 5 (June 1, 2010): 231–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/37/2009-agricecon.

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Along with the rapid economic growth, there has been a booming demand for agricultural products in China, but the increased land usage for the manufacturing sector has caused a decrease in the total cultivated land. Through the data envelopment analysis (DEA) approach, this study first constructs the index of the total-factor cultivated land efficiency (TFCLE) by taking the ratio of the actual cultivated land input to target the cultivated land input. Next, we examine the determinants of inefficiency on the cultivated land use. Based on a province-level panel data over 1997–2006, the empirical estimates indicate that the TFCLE is moderate and fluctuates during the sample period, ranging from 0.601 to 0.713, suggesting room for efficiency improvement in Chinese farmland use. The coastal regions are found to experience a significantly higher degree of the TFCLE compared with non-coastal regions. Overall, there is no significant competition effect brought on by the WTO entry on promoting TFCLE, though this effect differs between the coastal and non-coastal regions. The second-stage regression results show that the natural and artificial disasters, flood, drought, and pollution are the the main causes of inefficiency. Innovative activity and the FDI are evidenced to have a significantly positive relation with the TFCLE in Chinese agriculture. We also find the positive TFCLE-enhancing the effects of production diversification and import competition.
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Mubin, M. Khoerul, and Rudi Purwono. "TOTAL FACTOR PRODUCTIVITY OF ECONOMIC SECTOR IN INDONESIA." Jurnal Ekonomi Pembangunan 17, no. 1 (June 30, 2019): 20. http://dx.doi.org/10.22219/jep.v17i1.9567.

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Activities sectors of the economy in Indonesia become the key of the Indonesian economy. Increasing economic productivity will become the driving factor of the country's economy. This study is aimed to quantify the level of productivity (Total Factor Productivity) of each sector of the economy by counting the productivity-forming component, in this case, the technical efficiency change, technical change and efficiency scale change. Calculation results show that the productivity of each sector of the economy showed positive growth rates, and so did its forming components. The average value of the TFP of 9 sectors of the economy is 2:28. The economic sectors that have the highest TFP are in the sectors of electricity, gas, and water.
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Xue, Jianpo, and Chong K. Yip. "FACTOR SUBSTITUTION AND ECONOMIC GROWTH: A UNIFIED APPROACH." Macroeconomic Dynamics 16, no. 4 (January 9, 2012): 625–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1365100510000775.

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This paper provides a unified approach to characterizing the relation between factor substitution and economic growth in different one-sector growth models (namely, the Solow, Ramsey, and Diamond models). Our main finding is that if better factor substitution raises savings in the steady state, then a higher per capita income results. There are two channels by which factor substitution affects savings: the positive efficiency effect via income and the ambiguous distribution effect via factor income shares. If the efficiency effect dominates, then a higher elasticity of substitution leads to a higher level of per capita steady-state income. In transition, factor substitution affects the rate of convergence both directly and through the equilibrium profit share. The former arises from diminishing marginal productivity of capital whereas the latter reflects its relative scarcity. Depending on the interaction of these effects, the net outcomes are characterized.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Economic efficiency factor"

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Gunchinsuren, Enkhtuvshin. "Essays on Factor Returns, Resource Allocation and Economic Development." The Ohio State University, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1429569565.

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Piesse, Jenifer. "Firm level approaches to the measurement of production efficiency, technical change and total factor productivity in transition economies." Thesis, Birkbeck (University of London), 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.285834.

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Boldon, Lauren. "Sustainability Efficiency Factor| Measuring Sustainability in Advanced Energy Systems through Exergy, Exergoeconomic, Life Cycle, and Economic Analyses." Thesis, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 2016. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10010649.

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The Encyclopedia of Life Support Systems defines sustainability or industrial ecology as ?the wise use of resources through critical attention to policy, social, economic, technological, and ecological management of natural and human engineered capital so as to promote innovations that assure a higher degree of human needs fulfilment, or life support, across all regions of the world, while at the same time ensuring intergenerational equity? (Encyclopedia of Life Support Systems 1998). Developing and integrating sustainable energy systems to meet growing energy demands is a daunting task. Although the technology to utilize renewable energies is well understood, there are limited locations which are ideally suited for renewable energy development. Even in areas with significant wind or solar availability, backup or redundant energy supplies are still required during periods of low renewable generation. This is precisely why it would be difficult to make the switch directly from fossil fuel to renewable energy generation. A transition period in which a base-load generation supports renewables is required, and nuclear energy suits this need well with its limited life cycle emissions and fuel price stability. Sustainability is achieved by balancing environmental, economic, and social considerations, such that energy is produced without detriment to future generations through loss of resources, harm to the environment, etcetera. In essence, the goal is to provide future generations with the same opportunities to produce energy that the current generation has. This research explores sustainability metrics as they apply to a small modular reactor (SMR)-hydrogen production plant coupled with wind energy and storage technologies to develop a new quantitative sustainability metric, the Sustainability Efficiency Factor (SEF), for comparison of energy systems. The SEF incorporates the three fundamental aspects of sustainability and provides SMR or nuclear hybrid energy system (NHES) reference case studies to (1) introduce sustainability metrics, such as life cycle assessment, (2) demonstrate the methods behind exergy and exergoeconomic analyses, (3) provide an economic analysis of the potential for SMR development from first-of-a-kind (FOAK) to nth-of-a-kind (NOAK), thereby illustrating possible cost reductions and deployment flexibility for SMRs over large conventional nuclear reactors, (4) assess the competitive potential for incorporation of storage and hydrogen production in NHES and in regulated and deregulated electricity markets, (5) compare an SMR-hydrogen production plant to a natural gas steam methane reforming plant using the SEF, and (6) identify and review the social considerations which would support future nuclear development domestically and abroad, such as public and political/regulatory needs and challenges. The Global Warming Potential (GWP) for the SMR (300 MWth)-wind (60 MWe)-high temperature steam electrolysis (200 tons Hydrogen per day) system was calculated as approximately 874 g CO2-equivalent as part of the life cycle assessment. This is 92.6% less than the GWP estimated for steam methane reforming production of hydrogen by Spath and Mann. The unit exergetic and exergoeconomic costs were determined for each flow within the NHES system as part of the exergy/exergoeconomic cost analyses. The unit exergetic cost is lower for components yielding more meaningful work like the one exiting the SMR with a unit exergetic cost of 1.075 MW/MW. In comparison, the flow exiting the turbine has a very high unit exergetic cost of 15.31, as most of the useful work was already removed through the turning of the generator/compressor shaft. In a similar manner, the high unit exergoeconomic cost of $12.45/MW*sec is observed for the return flow to the reactors, because there is very little exergy present. The first and second law efficiencies and the exergoeconomic factors were also determined over several cases. For the first or base SMR case, first and second law efficiencies of 81.5% and 93.3% were observed respectively. With an increase in reactor outlet temperature of only 20?C, both the SMR efficiencies increased, while the exergoeconomic factor decreased by 0.2%. As part of the SMR economic analysis, specific capital and total capital investment costs (TCIC) were determined in addition to conditional effects on the net present value (NPV), levelized cost of electricity (LCOE), and payback periods. For a 1260 MWe FOAK multi-module SMR site with 7 modules, the specific capital costs were 27-38% higher than that of a 1260 MWe single large reactor site. A NOAK site, on the other hand, may be 19% lower to 18% higher than the large reactor site, demonstrating that it may break even or be even more economical in average or favorable market conditions. The NOAK TCIC for single and multi-module SMR sites were determined to be $914-$1,230 million and $660-$967 million per module, respectively, reflecting the substantial savings incurred with sites designed for and deployed with multiple modules. For the same NOAK 7-unit multi-module site, the LCOE was calculated as $67-$84/MWh, which is slightly less than that of the conventional large reactor LCOE of $89/MWh with a weighted average cost of capital of 10%, a 50%-50% share of debt and equity, and a corporate tax rate of 35%. The payback period for the SMR site, however, is 4 years longer. Construction delays were also analyzed to compare the SMR and large reactor sites, demonstrating the SMR NPV and LCOE are less sensitive to delays. For a 3 year delay, the SMR NPV decreased by 22%, while the large reactor NPV decreased by 34.1%. Similarly the SMR and large reactor LCOEs increased by 7.8% and 8.1%, respectively. An NHES case with hydrogen production and storage was performed, illustrating how the profit share of revenue is improved with the addition of hydrogen production. Although the costs are increased with the addition, 78% of the hydrogen revenue is profit, while only 50% of the electricity generation revenue is profit. A second NHES case study was analyzed to assess the NPV, LCOE, and payback differences in deregulated and regulated electricity markets. For a 60 year lifetime, Case C (with nuclear, wind, and hydrogen production) is economical in the deregulated market with an NPV of ~$66.3 million and a payback period of 10 years, but not in the regulated one with an NPV of approximately -$115.3 million and a payback period of 11 years. With either market type, the plants levelized costs remain $82.82/MWh, which is still reasonable with respect to prior LCOE values determined for SMR and large reactor sites. Utilizing all the methodology and results obtained and presented in this thesis, the SEF may be calculated. The NHES SEF was determined to be 18.3% higher than that of natural gas steam methane reforming, illustrating a higher level of sustainability. The SEF quantitatively uses the exergoeconomic cost and irreversibilities obtained from the exergy analysis, the GWP obtained from the life cycle assessment and costs/fees associated with emissions and pollutants, and relevant economic data obtained from an economic analysis. This reflects the environmental, socio-political, and economic pillars of sustainability.

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ZANINI, ALEXANDRE. "ECONOMIC REGULATION IN THE BRAZILIAN ELECTRIC POWER SUPPLY SECTOR: A METHODOLOGY FOR DEFINING PRODUCTION EFFICIENCY FRONTIER AND ESTIMATING THE X-FACTOR." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2004. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=5566@1.

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CONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICO
O setor elétrico nos últimos anos vem passando por grandes mudanças estruturais em diversas regiões do planeta. Essas mudanças são devidas a processos de reestruturação do setor energético visando o aumento da eficiência e da qualidade. No Brasil, para este fim, foram criados órgãos responsáveis pelo setor, de modo que se viabilizem e regulamentem estas mudanças, seja por meio da criação de instrumentos de incentivos à competição ou permitindo a participação de agentes privados nos processos de geração, distribuição e comercialização de energia. Neste contexto foi criada a ANEEL (Agência Nacional de Energia Elétrica), responsável por instituir as regras de mercado de energia elétrica visando assegurar a competitividade do setor. Dentro das atribuições da ANEEL, está a realização de revisões tarifárias periódicas. Esta revisão tarifária compreende: a) reposicionamento das tarifas de fornecimento de energia elétrica em nível compatível com a preservação do equilíbrio econômico-financeiro do contrato de concessão; e b) determinação do Fator X que será aplicado nos reajustes tarifários com o objetivo de compartilhar ganhos de produtividade com os consumidores. Para determinar o Fator X é necessário medir a eficiência, o que pode ser feito basicamente através de duas alternativas: 1) comparar a empresa com fronteiras de eficiência construídas para o mercado regulado a partir de grupos de similaridade; 2) comparar a empresa com o mercado não regulado. Desta forma, o objetivo da tese é propor uma metodologia para definição de fronteiras de eficiência entre as empresas de distribuição de energia elétrica através da conjugação de redes neurais e de modelos econométricos, particularmante, os modelos de análise de fronteira estocástica.
In recent years, the electric power supply sector has undergone major structural changes in a variety of regions throughout the planet. These changes are due to restructuring processes taking place in the energy sector towards the increase of quality and efficiency. In Brazil, it was created agencies responsible for the sector, in order to foster and regulate those changes, either by means of creating instruments for promoting competition or by allowing private agents participation in the processes of generating, distributing and trading energy. In this context, it was created the Brazilian Electricity Regulatory Agency (ANEEL), responsible for binding rules to assure market competition in the electric power supply sector. Among the duties of the regulatory agency of the electric power supply sector in Brazil there is the periodical revision of energy prices. Such revisions involve estimating the X Factor applied to update prices so that gains in productivity are shared with consumers. To estimate the X Factor it is necessary to measure efficiency and, for this, two issues are important: the choices of benchmarks and of techniques for productivity measurement. This thesis proposes an approach to define frontier efficiency of electric power distribution utilities based on clustering homogeneous utilities using neural networks and estimating the frontiers through econometric techniques.
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Sousa, Manuel Amaral de Freitas dos Santos e. "The relevance of competitiveness on entrepreneurship : evidence for different country's development stage." Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/14469.

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Mestrado em Ciências Empresariais
Num mundo dinâmico como o de hoje, o empreendedorismo revelou-se como uma forma de sobressair e de ganhar vantagens competitivas como vários estudos têm demonstrado ao longo dos anos. Uma questão que se encontra ainda por responder, a qual endereçamos neste trabalho, é como a competitividade afeta o empreendedorismo. Utilizaram-se os pilares do Global Competitiveness Index (GCI) - instituições, infraestruturas, ambiente macroeconómico, saúde e educação primária, formação e educação superior, eficiência de mercado dos bens, eficiência do mercado laboral, desenvolvimento do mercado financeiro, preparação tecnológica, dimensão do mercado, sofisticação do negócio e inovação - que, todos juntos, definem a competitividade de uma nação, e os dados provenientes da Total early-stage Entrepreneurial Activity (TEA), desde 2006 até 2015. Adicionalmente, utilizando a classificação de Porter, dividimos os países em factor-, efficiency- e innovation driven economies, por forma a perceber como a competitividade afeta o empreendedorismo de acordo com o grau de desenvolvimento económico de cada nação. Verificámos individualmente como cada pilar afeta o empreendedorismo em geral e para cada estádio. Os resultados obtidos demonstram algumas relações esperadas entre os pilares da competitividade e o empreendedorismo, mas provam também que alguns conceitos suprimem o empreendedorismo
In a dynamic world as today, entrepreneurship has revealed itself as a way of standing out and gaining competitive advantages as several studies have shown in the past years. One main question that is left to understand, which we address in this work, is how competitiveness affects entrepreneurship. We used Global Competitiveness Index's 12 pillars - institutions, infrastructures, macroeconomic environment, health and primary education, higher education and training, goods market efficiency, labor market efficiency, financial market development, technological readiness, market size, business sophistication and innovation - which, together, define a nation's competitiveness, and used data related to the Total early-stage Entrepreneurial Activity from 2006 to 2015. Additionally, using Porter's classification, we divided countries in factor, efficiency and innovation-driven economies to understand how competitiveness affects entrepreneurship according to a country's stage of economic development. We individually check how each pillar affects entrepreneurship in general and for each stage. The results show some expected significant relations between competitiveness's pillars but also proves some concepts supress entrepreneurship.
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Blue, Edward Neall. "Factor influencing production costs and efficiency of Ohio farms /." The Ohio State University, 1995. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487865929455431.

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López-Torres, Laura. "Efficiency of management in public schools. Analysis in a context of budgetary restrictions." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/387425.

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La tesis se centra en el desarrollo de modelos innovadores para la evaluación y seguimiento del rendimiento educativo a través del uso de técnicas de evaluación de la eficiencia no paramétricas. Los modelos se aplican a la evaluación de desempeño de las escuelas públicas en Cataluña (noreste de España), con el objetivo de promover la eficiencia en la gestión del sector educativo público a través de diferentes enfoques empíricos y teniendo en cuenta el contexto económico. La parte empírica de la tesis contribuye a la definición de mejores políticas públicas a través de la identificación de las mejores prácticas y las áreas con mayor potencial de mejora. La tesis incluye cuatro grandes objetivos empíricos. En primer lugar, se analiza la posibilidad de implementar cambios en la red educativa pública con el fin de adaptar los recursos al presupuesto asignado sin perder calidad. En este capítulo se presenta un modelo alternativo para evaluar globalmente la eficiencia de la red educativa y reasignar los recursos de manera eficiente. A continuación, se propone un procedimiento iterativo capaz de reasignar recursos sin poner en peligro el nivel de calidad educativa. El segundo objetivo empírico consiste en analizar el impacto de los factores ambientales en el rendimiento de los estudiantes mediante la aplicación de un modelo robusto de eficiencia condicional. En este capítulo se desarrollan dos estimaciones de eficiencia y, a continuación, se lleva a cabo una regresión no paramétrica para separar el efecto de los factores ambientales en el rendimiento escolar. Con el desarrollo del tercer objetivo se proporciona evidencia empírica sobre la existencia de interacción estratégica entre las escuelas públicas. Se emplea un procedimiento de estimación en dos etapas para evaluar si la competencia entre centros educativos tiene un impacto en la demanda de plazas. Para ello, se aplica un modelo econométrico espacial a fin de explicar la correlación entre la demanda de plazas y la gestión de la escuela debido a la existencia de interacción estratégica. El último capítulo empírico desarrolla un modelo para evaluar la eficacia y la eficiencia de un programa de mejora de la calidad aplicado recientemente en las escuelas públicas de Cataluña. Para hacer eso, se emplean técnicas de evaluación de impacto junto con un análisis de cambios en la eficiencia y productividad. En general, esta tesis contribuye al desarrollo de herramientas robustas para evaluar y promover la calidad de la educación proporcionada por las instituciones públicas, con el fin de fomentar la eficiencia y la equidad dentro del sistema.
This thesis is concerned about the development of innovative models for the assessment and monitoring of performance using non-parametric efficiency approaches such as Data Envelopment Analysis, conditional order-m, and Malmquist Total Factor Productivity Change Index. The models are applied to the evaluation of public schools performance in Catalonia (Northest of Spain) with the aim of promoting the efficiency of the public education sector following different empirical approaches and bearing in mind the economic context. The empirical part of the thesis contributes to the definition of better public policies through the identification of best practice examples and areas with more potential for improvements. The thesis includes four main research topics. The first topic discusses how to implement changes in the public education network in order to adapt resources to the allocated budget without losing outputs. This chapter presents an alternative model to globally assess the efficiency of the public education network and to reallocate human resources. The empirical approach is based on an extension of the so-called Centralized Data Envelopment Analysis. Then, an iterative procedure capable of reallocating resources without jeopardizing the level of efficiency is proposed. The second topic analyzes the impact of environmental factors on students’ achievement by using a robust conditional order-m approach. In this chapter we develop two efficiency estimations, namely unconditional and conditional models and then, non-parametric regressions are done to disentangle the effect of environmental factors on school performance. The third topic provides evidence on strategic interaction among public schools. It employs a two-stage estimation procedure to assess whether competition among public schools influences the demand for places in them. A robust conditional order-m approach is used to estimate the efficiency of each school. Subsequently, a spatial econometric framework is applied to explain the correlation in the demand for places due to the existence of strategic interaction. The last topic develops a framework to assess the effectiveness and efficiency of a specific quality improvement program recently applied in public schools in Catalonia. To do that, difference-in-differences approach together with Malmquist total factor productivity change index is applied. Overall, this thesis contributes to the development of robust tools to assess and promote the quality of education provided by public institutions, with a view to foster efficiency and equity within the system.
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Wang, Yu Fei. "Analysis on the efficiency of China's banking industry and the influencing factors." Thesis, University of Macau, 2012. http://umaclib3.umac.mo/record=b2580080.

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Wang, Juanzi. "The Factors Affecting Individuals' Choice To Be Entrepreneur: A Comparison Between Efficiency-Driven Economies and Innovation-Driven Economies." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/33377.

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The purpose of this study is to examine the influence of institutional (environmental) factors and personal (attitude, human capital) factors on the probability of becoming an entrepreneur. In particular, this study aims to make a comparison between different types of economies. The data for this study is derived from the 2011 Adult Population Survey (APS), the 2011 National Expert Survey (NES) of Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM) and the World Bank Database, and covers 32 countries, including efficiency-driven economies and innovation-driven countries. This study applies hierarchical logistic regression and uses multilevel modeling for the cross-country, cross-individual dataset. The results reinforce the importance of environmental factors (regulative and normative), attitude factors, and human capital factors. The findings of this proposed study will contribute to the further analysis of the GEM database to understanding the diversity of nascent entrepreneurial activities in different contexts.
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Colvin, Jamie Cameron. "Water markets : factors in efficient water allocation." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/50546.

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Thesis (MBA)--Stellenbosch University, 2005.
Some digitised pages may appear illegible due to the condition of the original hard copy
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Water is essential for life. Like the very air that surrounds us the omnipresent and indispensable qualities of water pervade throughout all of our lives. For reasons of health, community and trade the beginnings of all civilisations were proximate to the mighty rivers of the world. In a rapidly expanding global village, the priority for our future is to secure the management of increasing levels of water demand, given the finite natural cycle that all water is subject to and derived from; the hydrological cycle. The focus of this papers investigation is how best to allocate the value of water through the relatively nascent developments of water markets. The premise of utilising markets for allocative efficiency is suitably ingrained in the workings of many societies today, and the need to treat water with commensurate value and avoid waste is encapsulated in the Dublin Principles, where #4 states; 'Water has an economic value in all its competing uses and should be recognised as an economic good'. Which in isolation has merit, the legacy of state water management is usually associated with underperformance at best or incompetence and corruption at worst, and therefore the introduction of market mechanisms to provide water with allocative efficiency and true value, should be a positive undertaking for change. However the requisite conditions for proficient markets and perfect competition; which primarily include, that all agents are buyers and sellers, for a homogeneous product, with perfect information, without externalities, after the full and fair assignment of property rights, where all goods and services are private goods, and where transaction costs remain close to zero; would seldom be applicable to water. The many idiosyncrasies of water inhibit the application of competitive markets. Water could easily be defined as a public good with riparian rights, subject to a range of social and environmental externalities, whilst incurring high structural entry costs and remaining subject to the problematic vagaries of the natural supply cycle. Demand profiles also give water a heterogeneous definition, as domestic uses include both sanitation and drinking water, whilst various levels of quality are required for industry and agriculture, and even recreation. This paper seeks to define those factors that both warrant and limit the introduction of market functions to water management. The premise of this paper remains the search for better ways of valuing water, and how to incorporate fully the foundations of the environment and social criteria of health, and poverty reduction within these economic considerations. The conclusion defines a premium / discount solution to market traded water prices, which internalises these factors.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Water is noodsaaklik vir lewe. Net soos die lug wat ons omring het water ook alomteenwoordige eienskappe wat In onskeibare deel van ons lewens vorm. Die ontstaan van alle beskawings is te vinde in die nabyheid van groot en gevestigde riviere vir redes van gemeenskaplikheid, gesondheid en handel. Vandag se geintegreerde en snel-groeiende samelewing met sy toenemende vraag na water, noodsaak 'n toekomsgerigte benadering om waterbronne te bestuur gegewe die vaste water natuursiklus waar water vandaan kom en bewaar word in. Die fokus van hierdie studie is om die beste metodes te vind vir waterallokasie met verwysing na die ontwikkeling van water markte oor die eeue. Die gebruik van die markstelsel om water effektief te allokeer is die grondslag van baie samelewings vandag. So erken die Dublin beginsels die noosaaklikheid om 'n waarde te plaas op water beklemtoon dat dit nie vermors moet word nie. Beginsel #4 bepaal: "Water het 'n ekonomiese waarde in al sy vele gebruike en moet ooreenkomstig erken word as ekonomiese saak". Die bestuur van waterbronne deur 'n owerheid word gewoonlik vereenselwig met 'n nie-optimale of selfs korrupte onbevoegdheid. Hier behoort die bekendstelling van mark beginsels om 'n waarde en nut op water te plaas dus 'n positiewe ontwikkeling te wees. Tog is dit ook duidelik dat die vereistes vir 'n effektiewe mark; alle agente is kopers en verkopers, 'n eenvormige produk, deursigtigheid in informasie, geen eksternaliteite, erkenning van besitreg, alle goedere en dienste is privaat goedere, transaksie koste is naby aan nul; nie volkome toepasbaar is op water nie. Die eenvoudige asook komplekse aard van water verhoed dat standaard markstelsel en beginsels van kompetisie eenvormig toepasbaar is. Water kan ook maklik gekategoriseer word as publieke goedere met gemeenskapsregte, wat dit dan onderhewig sal maak aan verskeie maatskaplike en omgewingsmaatreëls, hoë toetrede kostes, en logistieke probleme van die verskaffingsiklus. Dit is egter die vraag na water wat defineer dit as heterogene produk met huishoudelike gebruike vir beide persoonlike verbruik asook sanitasie, terwyl doelgerigte gebruike in landbou, handel en nywerheid ook spesifieke kwaliteite kan vereis. Hierdie werkstuk beoog om die faktore te defineer wat die bekendstelling van 'n mark stelsel vir water bestuur daarstel en ook beperk. Die uitgangspunt van hierdie studie was om maniere te vind vir beter ekonomiese waardasie van water en dit dan te kombineer met die fondasies van die omgewing, maatskaplike & gesondheidsmaatreëls, asook die toeganklikheid van basiese dienste aan almal.
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Books on the topic "Economic efficiency factor"

1

Bernardo, Daniel J. Factor demand in irrigated agriculture under conditions of restricted water supplies. [Washington, DC]: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Economic Research Service, 1989.

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Bernardo, Daniel J. Factor demand in irrigated agriculture under conditions of restricted water supplies. [Washington, DC]: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Economic Research Service, 1989.

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Bernardo, Daniel J. Factor demand in irrigated agriculture under conditions of restricted water supplies. [Washington, DC]: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Economic Research Service, 1989.

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Borner, Silvio. Institutional efficiency and its determinants: The role of political factors in economic growth. Paris: OECD, 2004.

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Richter, Wolfram F. The efficient allocation of local public factors in Tiebout's tradition. Coventry: Warwick University, Department of Economics, 1991.

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Keane, Michael. Economics of milk transport: Co-op charges : key efficiency factors. Cork: University College, Cork, Department of Dairy and Food Economics, 1986.

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Sabatini, David A. Surfactant-enhanced DNAPL remediation: Surfactant selection, hydraulic efficiency, and economic factors. Ada, OK: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, National Risk Management Research Laboratory, 1996.

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Sabatini, David A. Surfactant-enhanced DNAPL remediation: Surfactant selection, hydraulic efficiency, and economic factors. Ada, OK: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, National Risk Management Research Laboratory, 1996.

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Sabatini, David A. Surfactant-enhanced DNAPL remediation: Surfactant selection, hydraulic efficiency, and economic factors. Ada, OK: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, National Risk Management Research Laboratory, 1996.

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Sabatini, David A. Surfactant-enhanced DNAPL remediation: Surfactant selection, hydraulic efficiency, and economic factors. Ada, Okla: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, National Risk Management Research Laboratory, 1996.

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Book chapters on the topic "Economic efficiency factor"

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Zhang, Changzheng, Hong Ren, and Zhongzhou Zhang. "Study on the Effect of Factor Efficiency on Economic Restructuring Under Supply—Side Driving." In Management for Sustainable and Inclusive Development in a Transforming Asia, 237–54. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-8195-3_14.

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Eder, L. V., I. V. Filimonova, and E. A. Makarova. "Smart Technologies as a Factor Affecting the Economic Efficiency of Oil and Gas Companies: The Case of Russia." In Smart Technologies and Innovations in Design for Control of Technological Processes and Objects: Economy and Production, 27–33. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-18553-4_4.

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Kreydenko, T., T. Adashova, and N. Rogoten. "Increase in Energy Efficiency of the Economy as a Factor of Social and Economic Development of the Regions of the Far East." In Smart Technologies and Innovations in Design for Control of Technological Processes and Objects: Economy and Production, 180–88. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-18553-4_23.

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Glabiszewski, Waldemar, and Maciej Zastempowski. "The Absorptive Capacity of a Finance Company as an Efficiency Factor of Its Pro-technology Innovation Activities." In Efficiency in Business and Economics, 57–69. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-68285-3_5.

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Bednarek, Piotr. "Factors Affecting the Internal Audit Effectiveness: A Survey of the Polish Private and Public Sectors." In Efficiency in Business and Economics, 1–16. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-68285-3_1.

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Jensen, Bjarne S. "Leontief technology and efficient factor utilization." In The Dynamic Systems of Basic Economic Growth Models, 101–22. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-1036-5_9.

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Ulvenblad, Per-Ola. "Development of Sustainable Business Models for Innovation in the Swedish Agri-sector: Resource-Effective Producer or Stewardship-Based Entrepreneur?" In The Innovation Revolution in Agriculture, 117–45. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-50991-0_5.

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Abstract This chapter focuses on the development of sustainable business models for innovation in the Swedish agri-sector. This is important for several reasons. Many of society’s challenges are linked to social, environmental and economic aspects of agriculture, and numerous agri-companies have been reduced to subcontractors with little influence, and are struggling with low profitability. Previous research regarding agri-companies have mainly focused on production and cost-efficiency aspects. Research regarding sustainable innovation and sustainable business models in the agri-sector is limited to date. To fill in this gap, the aim of this chapter is to illustrate and analyse how Swedish agri-companies develop sustainable business models. An integrated theoretical framework combining research regarding sustainability-oriented innovation and sustainable business model archetypes has been developed in order to collect and analyse the eight agri-companies in the study. Swedish agri-companies focus not only on optimization but also on their organizational transformation and systems building when developing sustainable innovation. They have developed diversified business models. A common, important factor is to adopt stewardship roles. Further, the value intention of agri-entrepreneurs is a relevant factor when developing sustainable business models.
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Dombrowski, Uwe, Stefan Ernst, and Maren Evers. "Employee Participation for Increasing Energy Efficiency in Factory Operations." In Enabling Manufacturing Competitiveness and Economic Sustainability, 279–84. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-02054-9_47.

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Koloskova, Olga I., Irina V. Somina, and Milan Radosavljevic. "Efficiency Factors of the Innovative Activity in High-Tech Industries." In Regional Economic Development in Russia, 181–93. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-39859-0_16.

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Ayupova, S., D. Bents, and E. Kozlova. "Trust as a Factor of Interaction Efficiency." In Smart Technologies and Innovations in Design for Control of Technological Processes and Objects: Economy and Production, 58–64. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-18553-4_8.

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Conference papers on the topic "Economic efficiency factor"

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Wang, Qian, Xiaobin Jin, and Yinkang Zhou. "Efficiency socio-economic input factor of grain production based on DEA-ESDA." In 2010 18th International Conference on Geoinformatics. IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/geoinformatics.2010.5567959.

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ZAHARIA, Marian, Rodica-Manuela GOGONEA, and Aniela BALACESCU. "Education Efficiency, Factor of Sustainable Development. An Analysis in Macro 4 Development Region of Romania." In The 16th Economic International Conference New Challenges and Opportunities for the Economy 4.0, May 7-8th, 2020, Suceava, Romania. LUMEN Publishing House, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.18662/lumproc/ncoe4.0.2020/01.

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Tishkov, S. V. "Energy Efficiency As A Factor For Increasing Competitiveness Economies Of The Region." In Proceedings of the II International Scientific Conference GCPMED 2019 - "Global Challenges and Prospects of the Modern Economic Development". European Publisher, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.15405/epsbs.2020.03.75.

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KHASAEV, Gabibulla, Alexandr VLASOV, Dariya VASILIEVA, and Velta PARSOVA. "CRITERIA OF ECONOMIC EFFICIENCY OF LAND STOCK MANAGEMENT." In RURAL DEVELOPMENT. Aleksandras Stulginskis University, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.15544/rd.2017.250.

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One of preconditions for sustainable socio-economic development of the region can be observed as much as possible involvement of land resources in economic turnover and increasing of efficiency of their use. On the example of Samara region which is the subject of the Russian Federation are made proposals for establishment of criteria for assessment of economic efficiency of land management in specific area. Statistical data on collection of land payments (land tax and leasehold payment) in 27 municipalities of Samara region in 2004-2014 are analysed. There is investigated common information on Samara region - location, total land stock area, agricultural land area, distance between main city of region and territory, number of inhabitants, density of population, etc. Methods of mathematical statistics, regression and factor cluster analysis are used. During the research, methods of mathematical statistics, including correlation and regression analysis, were used. The indicators most influencing the volume of land payments are determined and is developed the model of coherence between level of payments and geographical and demographic characteristics of the municipality (according to the 2012-2014 data). The model allows to estimate the “normative level” for each region according to objective characteristics and to rank the regions according to this indicator. The level corresponding to such a ranking can be considered as a criterion for the effectiveness of land management taking into account the different potentialities of the municipal districts of the Samara region. Land payments are local taxes, therefore they are an important source of the formation of financial basis of local governments in Russian Federation and play an important role in the socio-economic development of the regions.
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Bi, Hongyi, Lu Jiang, Mingwei Guo, and Tianjian Sun. "A study on the trade environments and efficiency of factor markets of The Belt and Road regional countries." In Second International Conference On Economic and Business Management (FEBM 2017). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/febm-17.2017.79.

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Wang, Baozhong, and Xi Lu. "Study on Total Factor Energy Efficiency of the Silk Road Economic Zone Based on the Environmental Effects." In 2019 Chinese Control And Decision Conference (CCDC). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ccdc.2019.8832825.

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Kovtonogova, Elena Vladimirovna. "ECONOMIC AND STATISTICAL ANALYSIS OF THE EFFICIENCY OF THE ACTIVITY OF NESTLE RUSSIA LLC." In Russian science: actual researches and developments. Samara State University of Economics, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.46554/russian.science-2020.03-1-845/848.

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BIELSKI, Stanisław, and Jan FALKOWSKI. "EFFECT OF THE NITROGEN AND MAGNESIUM FERTILISATION ON YIELD AND ECONOMIC EFFICIENCY OF WINTER TRITICALE PRODUCTION." In RURAL DEVELOPMENT. Aleksandras Stulginskis University, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.15544/rd.2017.148.

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The present investigations were undertaken, in which the winter triticale cultivar Twingo was examined, with the aim of analyzing production output, expressed by grain yield and its structure, as affected by different levels of nitrogen and magnesium fertilisation and assess and compare the economic efficiency of production technologies. This research encompassed the results of a three-year (2013-2015) field experiment conducted at the Research Station in Tomaszkowo near Olsztyn, Poland. The experiment was set up in a random, split-plot design, with four replications. The first order factor was nitrogen fertilisation (kg ha-1): 30, 60, 90, 120 and 150. The second order factor was the level of magnesium fertilisation (kg ha-1): 0 and 5 kg MgSO4∙7H2O. Statistical analysis of the results showed that the grain yield was significantly affected by the year of the trial, nitrogen and magnesium fertilisation, interaction of the first and second factors was not proven. The method based on the standard gross margin (SGM) was used for the economic evaluation of the three production technology differentiated costs levels. Three technologies with the highest, medium and lowest average yields were selected to the comparison. Differences in compared technologies concerned to the date and dose of nitrogen and magnesium fertilisation. Results showed, that increasing intensity of winter triticale technology in the field trial, caused the higher financial yield value of winter triticale, as well as direct costs and direct surplus. The direct surplus was higher by 24.4% between the lowest and the highest winter triticale technologies. The highest yield technology was characterized by the highest profitability.
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Kazai Ónodi, Annamária, and Rita Répáczki. "Leadership characteristics that influence corporate efficiency." In The European Union’s Contention in the Reshaping Global Economy. Szeged: Szegedi Tudományegyetem Gazdaságtudományi Kar, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.14232/eucrge.2020.proc.4.

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Economic focus analysis alone cannot answer an organisation’s efficiency issues, as the soft attributes associated with management skills and leadership qualities are also important. According to transformational leadership theory (Bass–Avolio 1994, Bass 1990, Judge–Bono 2000, Bass–Bass 2008), there is a transformation between the manager and the subordinate, in which the two parties interact with and affect each other. A joint two-phase study was conducted to investigate the role of management in increasing corporate efficiency. As a first step, financial data of 1752 Hungarian manufacturing firms were analyzed. Companies were grouped according to their TFP (total factor productivity) (Juhász et al. 2020). As a second step, we linked a questionnaire survey to the preliminary TFP categorization. In our questionnaire research, we examined the individual characteristics, qualities, and specialties of leadership practices concerning the economic performance of the organizations. According to our findings, both the individual qualities of the leader and the characteristics of the leadership practice are decisive for the efficiency and results of the organization.
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Li, Xing, Jianming He, and Sheng Zhao. "Research on Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) of the Efficiency of Economic Responsibility Audit of Off-post Cadres in Internal Audit." In 2016 International Conference on Sensor Network and Computer Engineering. Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/icsnce-16.2016.95.

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Reports on the topic "Economic efficiency factor"

1

Author, Not Given. New Fabrication Method Improves the Efficiency and Economics of Solar Cells (Fact Sheet). Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), July 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1046304.

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Verburg, Peter H., Žiga Malek, Sean P. Goodwin, and Cecilia Zagaria. The Integrated Economic-Environmental Modeling (IEEM) Platform: IEEM Platform Technical Guides: User Guide for the IEEM-enhanced Land Use Land Cover Change Model Dyna-CLUE. Inter-American Development Bank, September 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0003625.

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The Conversion of Land Use and its Effects modeling framework (CLUE) was developed to simulate land use change using empirically quantified relations between land use and its driving factors in combination with dynamic modeling of competition between land use types. Being one of the most widely used spatial land use models, CLUE has been applied all over the world on different scales. In this document, we demonstrate how the model can be used to develop a multi-regional application. This means, that instead of developing numerous individual models, the user only prepares one CLUE model application, which then allocates land use change across different regions. This facilitates integration with the Integrated Economic-Environmental Modeling (IEEM) Platform for subnational assessments and increases the efficiency of the IEEM and Ecosystem Services Modeling (IEEMESM) workflow. Multi-regional modelling is particularly useful in larger and diverse countries, where we can expect different spatial distributions in land use changes in different regions: regions of different levels of achieved socio-economic development, regions with different topographies (flat vs. mountainous), or different climatic regions (dry vs humid) within a same country. Accounting for such regional differences also facilitates developing ecosystem services models that consider region specific biophysical characteristics. This manual, and the data that is provided with it, demonstrates multi-regional land use change modeling using the country of Colombia as an example. The user will learn how to prepare the data for the model application, and how the multi-regional run differs from a single-region simulation.
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Aalto, Juha, and Ari Venäläinen, eds. Climate change and forest management affect forest fire risk in Fennoscandia. Finnish Meteorological Institute, June 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.35614/isbn.9789523361355.

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Forest and wildland fires are a natural part of ecosystems worldwide, but large fires in particular can cause societal, economic and ecological disruption. Fires are an important source of greenhouse gases and black carbon that can further amplify and accelerate climate change. In recent years, large forest fires in Sweden demonstrate that the issue should also be considered in other parts of Fennoscandia. This final report of the project “Forest fires in Fennoscandia under changing climate and forest cover (IBA ForestFires)” funded by the Ministry for Foreign Affairs of Finland, synthesises current knowledge of the occurrence, monitoring, modelling and suppression of forest fires in Fennoscandia. The report also focuses on elaborating the role of forest fires as a source of black carbon (BC) emissions over the Arctic and discussing the importance of international collaboration in tackling forest fires. The report explains the factors regulating fire ignition, spread and intensity in Fennoscandian conditions. It highlights that the climate in Fennoscandia is characterised by large inter-annual variability, which is reflected in forest fire risk. Here, the majority of forest fires are caused by human activities such as careless handling of fire and ignitions related to forest harvesting. In addition to weather and climate, fuel characteristics in forests influence fire ignition, intensity and spread. In the report, long-term fire statistics are presented for Finland, Sweden and the Republic of Karelia. The statistics indicate that the amount of annually burnt forest has decreased in Fennoscandia. However, with the exception of recent large fires in Sweden, during the past 25 years the annually burnt area and number of fires have been fairly stable, which is mainly due to effective fire mitigation. Land surface models were used to investigate how climate change and forest management can influence forest fires in the future. The simulations were conducted using different regional climate models and greenhouse gas emission scenarios. Simulations, extending to 2100, indicate that forest fire risk is likely to increase over the coming decades. The report also highlights that globally, forest fires are a significant source of BC in the Arctic, having adverse health effects and further amplifying climate warming. However, simulations made using an atmospheric dispersion model indicate that the impact of forest fires in Fennoscandia on the environment and air quality is relatively minor and highly seasonal. Efficient forest fire mitigation requires the development of forest fire detection tools including satellites and drones, high spatial resolution modelling of fire risk and fire spreading that account for detailed terrain and weather information. Moreover, increasing the general preparedness and operational efficiency of firefighting is highly important. Forest fires are a large challenge requiring multidisciplinary research and close cooperation between the various administrative operators, e.g. rescue services, weather services, forest organisations and forest owners is required at both the national and international level.
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Tipton, Kelley, Brian F. Leas, Nikhil K. Mull, Shazia M. Siddique, S. Ryan Greysen, Meghan B. Lane-Fall, and Amy Y. Tsou. Interventions To Decrease Hospital Length of Stay. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), September 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.23970/ahrqepctb40.

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Background. Timely discharge of hospitalized patients can prevent patient harm, improve patient satisfaction and quality of life, and reduce costs. Numerous strategies have been tested to improve the efficiency and safety of patient recovery and discharge, but hospitals continue to face challenges. Purpose. This Technical Brief aimed to identify and synthesize current knowledge and emerging concepts regarding systematic strategies that hospitals and health systems can implement to reduce length of stay (LOS), with emphasis on medically complex or vulnerable patients at high risk for prolonged LOS due to clinical, social, or economic barriers to timely discharge. Methods. We conducted a structured search for published and unpublished studies and conducted interviews with Key Informants representing vulnerable patients, hospitals, health systems, and clinicians. The interviews provided guidance on our research protocol, search strategy, and analysis. Due to the large and diverse evidence base, we limited our evaluation to systematic reviews of interventions to decrease hospital LOS for patients at potentially higher risk for delayed discharge; primary research studies were not included, and searches were restricted to reviews published since 2010. We cataloged the characteristics of relevant interventions and assessed evidence of their effectiveness. Findings. Our searches yielded 4,364 potential studies. After screening, we included 19 systematic reviews reported in 20 articles. The reviews described eight strategies for reducing LOS: discharge planning; geriatric assessment or consultation; medication management; clinical pathways; inter- or multidisciplinary care; case management; hospitalist services; and telehealth. All reviews included adult patients, and two reviews also included children. Interventions were frequently designed for older (often frail) patients or patients with chronic illness. One review included pregnant women at high risk for premature delivery. No reviews focused on factors linking patient vulnerability with social determinants of health. The reviews reported few details about hospital setting, context, or resources associated with the interventions studied. Evidence for effectiveness of interventions was generally not robust and often inconsistent—for example, we identified six reviews of discharge planning; three found no effect on LOS, two found LOS decreased, and one reported an increase. Many reviews also reported patient readmission rates and mortality but with similarly inconsistent results. Conclusions. A broad range of strategies have been employed to reduce LOS, but rigorous systematic reviews have not consistently demonstrated effectiveness within medically complex, high-risk, and vulnerable populations. Health system leaders, researchers, and policymakers must collaborate to address these needs.
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