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Gunchinsuren, Enkhtuvshin. "Essays on Factor Returns, Resource Allocation and Economic Development." The Ohio State University, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1429569565.
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Piesse, Jenifer. "Firm level approaches to the measurement of production efficiency, technical change and total factor productivity in transition economies." Thesis, Birkbeck (University of London), 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.285834.
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Boldon, Lauren. "Sustainability Efficiency Factor| Measuring Sustainability in Advanced Energy Systems through Exergy, Exergoeconomic, Life Cycle, and Economic Analyses." Thesis, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 2016. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10010649.
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The Encyclopedia of Life Support Systems defines sustainability or industrial ecology as ?the wise use of resources through critical attention to policy, social, economic, technological, and ecological management of natural and human engineered capital so as to promote innovations that assure a higher degree of human needs fulfilment, or life support, across all regions of the world, while at the same time ensuring intergenerational equity? (Encyclopedia of Life Support Systems 1998). Developing and integrating sustainable energy systems to meet growing energy demands is a daunting task. Although the technology to utilize renewable energies is well understood, there are limited locations which are ideally suited for renewable energy development. Even in areas with significant wind or solar availability, backup or redundant energy supplies are still required during periods of low renewable generation. This is precisely why it would be difficult to make the switch directly from fossil fuel to renewable energy generation. A transition period in which a base-load generation supports renewables is required, and nuclear energy suits this need well with its limited life cycle emissions and fuel price stability. Sustainability is achieved by balancing environmental, economic, and social considerations, such that energy is produced without detriment to future generations through loss of resources, harm to the environment, etcetera. In essence, the goal is to provide future generations with the same opportunities to produce energy that the current generation has. This research explores sustainability metrics as they apply to a small modular reactor (SMR)-hydrogen production plant coupled with wind energy and storage technologies to develop a new quantitative sustainability metric, the Sustainability Efficiency Factor (SEF), for comparison of energy systems. The SEF incorporates the three fundamental aspects of sustainability and provides SMR or nuclear hybrid energy system (NHES) reference case studies to (1) introduce sustainability metrics, such as life cycle assessment, (2) demonstrate the methods behind exergy and exergoeconomic analyses, (3) provide an economic analysis of the potential for SMR development from first-of-a-kind (FOAK) to nth-of-a-kind (NOAK), thereby illustrating possible cost reductions and deployment flexibility for SMRs over large conventional nuclear reactors, (4) assess the competitive potential for incorporation of storage and hydrogen production in NHES and in regulated and deregulated electricity markets, (5) compare an SMR-hydrogen production plant to a natural gas steam methane reforming plant using the SEF, and (6) identify and review the social considerations which would support future nuclear development domestically and abroad, such as public and political/regulatory needs and challenges. The Global Warming Potential (GWP) for the SMR (300 MWth)-wind (60 MWe)-high temperature steam electrolysis (200 tons Hydrogen per day) system was calculated as approximately 874 g CO2-equivalent as part of the life cycle assessment. This is 92.6% less than the GWP estimated for steam methane reforming production of hydrogen by Spath and Mann. The unit exergetic and exergoeconomic costs were determined for each flow within the NHES system as part of the exergy/exergoeconomic cost analyses. The unit exergetic cost is lower for components yielding more meaningful work like the one exiting the SMR with a unit exergetic cost of 1.075 MW/MW. In comparison, the flow exiting the turbine has a very high unit exergetic cost of 15.31, as most of the useful work was already removed through the turning of the generator/compressor shaft. In a similar manner, the high unit exergoeconomic cost of $12.45/MW*sec is observed for the return flow to the reactors, because there is very little exergy present. The first and second law efficiencies and the exergoeconomic factors were also determined over several cases. For the first or base SMR case, first and second law efficiencies of 81.5% and 93.3% were observed respectively. With an increase in reactor outlet temperature of only 20?C, both the SMR efficiencies increased, while the exergoeconomic factor decreased by 0.2%. As part of the SMR economic analysis, specific capital and total capital investment costs (TCIC) were determined in addition to conditional effects on the net present value (NPV), levelized cost of electricity (LCOE), and payback periods. For a 1260 MWe FOAK multi-module SMR site with 7 modules, the specific capital costs were 27-38% higher than that of a 1260 MWe single large reactor site. A NOAK site, on the other hand, may be 19% lower to 18% higher than the large reactor site, demonstrating that it may break even or be even more economical in average or favorable market conditions. The NOAK TCIC for single and multi-module SMR sites were determined to be $914-$1,230 million and $660-$967 million per module, respectively, reflecting the substantial savings incurred with sites designed for and deployed with multiple modules. For the same NOAK 7-unit multi-module site, the LCOE was calculated as $67-$84/MWh, which is slightly less than that of the conventional large reactor LCOE of $89/MWh with a weighted average cost of capital of 10%, a 50%-50% share of debt and equity, and a corporate tax rate of 35%. The payback period for the SMR site, however, is 4 years longer. Construction delays were also analyzed to compare the SMR and large reactor sites, demonstrating the SMR NPV and LCOE are less sensitive to delays. For a 3 year delay, the SMR NPV decreased by 22%, while the large reactor NPV decreased by 34.1%. Similarly the SMR and large reactor LCOEs increased by 7.8% and 8.1%, respectively. An NHES case with hydrogen production and storage was performed, illustrating how the profit share of revenue is improved with the addition of hydrogen production. Although the costs are increased with the addition, 78% of the hydrogen revenue is profit, while only 50% of the electricity generation revenue is profit. A second NHES case study was analyzed to assess the NPV, LCOE, and payback differences in deregulated and regulated electricity markets. For a 60 year lifetime, Case C (with nuclear, wind, and hydrogen production) is economical in the deregulated market with an NPV of ~$66.3 million and a payback period of 10 years, but not in the regulated one with an NPV of approximately -$115.3 million and a payback period of 11 years. With either market type, the plants levelized costs remain $82.82/MWh, which is still reasonable with respect to prior LCOE values determined for SMR and large reactor sites. Utilizing all the methodology and results obtained and presented in this thesis, the SEF may be calculated. The NHES SEF was determined to be 18.3% higher than that of natural gas steam methane reforming, illustrating a higher level of sustainability. The SEF quantitatively uses the exergoeconomic cost and irreversibilities obtained from the exergy analysis, the GWP obtained from the life cycle assessment and costs/fees associated with emissions and pollutants, and relevant economic data obtained from an economic analysis. This reflects the environmental, socio-political, and economic pillars of sustainability.
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ZANINI, ALEXANDRE. "ECONOMIC REGULATION IN THE BRAZILIAN ELECTRIC POWER SUPPLY SECTOR: A METHODOLOGY FOR DEFINING PRODUCTION EFFICIENCY FRONTIER AND ESTIMATING THE X-FACTOR." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2004. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=5566@1.
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CONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICOO setor elétrico nos últimos anos vem passando por grandes mudanças estruturais em diversas regiões do planeta. Essas mudanças são devidas a processos de reestruturação do setor energético visando o aumento da eficiência e da qualidade. No Brasil, para este fim, foram criados órgãos responsáveis pelo setor, de modo que se viabilizem e regulamentem estas mudanças, seja por meio da criação de instrumentos de incentivos à competição ou permitindo a participação de agentes privados nos processos de geração, distribuição e comercialização de energia. Neste contexto foi criada a ANEEL (Agência Nacional de Energia Elétrica), responsável por instituir as regras de mercado de energia elétrica visando assegurar a competitividade do setor. Dentro das atribuições da ANEEL, está a realização de revisões tarifárias periódicas. Esta revisão tarifária compreende: a) reposicionamento das tarifas de fornecimento de energia elétrica em nível compatível com a preservação do equilíbrio econômico-financeiro do contrato de concessão; e b) determinação do Fator X que será aplicado nos reajustes tarifários com o objetivo de compartilhar ganhos de produtividade com os consumidores. Para determinar o Fator X é necessário medir a eficiência, o que pode ser feito basicamente através de duas alternativas: 1) comparar a empresa com fronteiras de eficiência construídas para o mercado regulado a partir de grupos de similaridade; 2) comparar a empresa com o mercado não regulado. Desta forma, o objetivo da tese é propor uma metodologia para definição de fronteiras de eficiência entre as empresas de distribuição de energia elétrica através da conjugação de redes neurais e de modelos econométricos, particularmante, os modelos de análise de fronteira estocástica.
In recent years, the electric power supply sector has undergone major structural changes in a variety of regions throughout the planet. These changes are due to restructuring processes taking place in the energy sector towards the increase of quality and efficiency. In Brazil, it was created agencies responsible for the sector, in order to foster and regulate those changes, either by means of creating instruments for promoting competition or by allowing private agents participation in the processes of generating, distributing and trading energy. In this context, it was created the Brazilian Electricity Regulatory Agency (ANEEL), responsible for binding rules to assure market competition in the electric power supply sector. Among the duties of the regulatory agency of the electric power supply sector in Brazil there is the periodical revision of energy prices. Such revisions involve estimating the X Factor applied to update prices so that gains in productivity are shared with consumers. To estimate the X Factor it is necessary to measure efficiency and, for this, two issues are important: the choices of benchmarks and of techniques for productivity measurement. This thesis proposes an approach to define frontier efficiency of electric power distribution utilities based on clustering homogeneous utilities using neural networks and estimating the frontiers through econometric techniques.
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Sousa, Manuel Amaral de Freitas dos Santos e. "The relevance of competitiveness on entrepreneurship : evidence for different country's development stage." Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/14469.
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Mestrado em Ciências EmpresariaisNum mundo dinâmico como o de hoje, o empreendedorismo revelou-se como uma forma de sobressair e de ganhar vantagens competitivas como vários estudos têm demonstrado ao longo dos anos. Uma questão que se encontra ainda por responder, a qual endereçamos neste trabalho, é como a competitividade afeta o empreendedorismo. Utilizaram-se os pilares do Global Competitiveness Index (GCI) - instituições, infraestruturas, ambiente macroeconómico, saúde e educação primária, formação e educação superior, eficiência de mercado dos bens, eficiência do mercado laboral, desenvolvimento do mercado financeiro, preparação tecnológica, dimensão do mercado, sofisticação do negócio e inovação - que, todos juntos, definem a competitividade de uma nação, e os dados provenientes da Total early-stage Entrepreneurial Activity (TEA), desde 2006 até 2015. Adicionalmente, utilizando a classificação de Porter, dividimos os países em factor-, efficiency- e innovation driven economies, por forma a perceber como a competitividade afeta o empreendedorismo de acordo com o grau de desenvolvimento económico de cada nação. Verificámos individualmente como cada pilar afeta o empreendedorismo em geral e para cada estádio. Os resultados obtidos demonstram algumas relações esperadas entre os pilares da competitividade e o empreendedorismo, mas provam também que alguns conceitos suprimem o empreendedorismo
In a dynamic world as today, entrepreneurship has revealed itself as a way of standing out and gaining competitive advantages as several studies have shown in the past years. One main question that is left to understand, which we address in this work, is how competitiveness affects entrepreneurship. We used Global Competitiveness Index's 12 pillars - institutions, infrastructures, macroeconomic environment, health and primary education, higher education and training, goods market efficiency, labor market efficiency, financial market development, technological readiness, market size, business sophistication and innovation - which, together, define a nation's competitiveness, and used data related to the Total early-stage Entrepreneurial Activity from 2006 to 2015. Additionally, using Porter's classification, we divided countries in factor, efficiency and innovation-driven economies to understand how competitiveness affects entrepreneurship according to a country's stage of economic development. We individually check how each pillar affects entrepreneurship in general and for each stage. The results show some expected significant relations between competitiveness's pillars but also proves some concepts supress entrepreneurship.
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Blue, Edward Neall. "Factor influencing production costs and efficiency of Ohio farms /." The Ohio State University, 1995. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487865929455431.
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López-Torres, Laura. "Efficiency of management in public schools. Analysis in a context of budgetary restrictions." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/387425.
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La tesis se centra en el desarrollo de modelos innovadores para la evaluación y seguimiento del rendimiento educativo a través del uso de técnicas de evaluación de la eficiencia no paramétricas. Los modelos se aplican a la evaluación de desempeño de las escuelas públicas en Cataluña (noreste de España), con el objetivo de promover la eficiencia en la gestión del sector educativo público a través de diferentes enfoques empíricos y teniendo en cuenta el contexto económico. La parte empírica de la tesis contribuye a la definición de mejores políticas públicas a través de la identificación de las mejores prácticas y las áreas con mayor potencial de mejora. La tesis incluye cuatro grandes objetivos empíricos. En primer lugar, se analiza la posibilidad de implementar cambios en la red educativa pública con el fin de adaptar los recursos al presupuesto asignado sin perder calidad. En este capítulo se presenta un modelo alternativo para evaluar globalmente la eficiencia de la red educativa y reasignar los recursos de manera eficiente. A continuación, se propone un procedimiento iterativo capaz de reasignar recursos sin poner en peligro el nivel de calidad educativa. El segundo objetivo empírico consiste en analizar el impacto de los factores ambientales en el rendimiento de los estudiantes mediante la aplicación de un modelo robusto de eficiencia condicional. En este capítulo se desarrollan dos estimaciones de eficiencia y, a continuación, se lleva a cabo una regresión no paramétrica para separar el efecto de los factores ambientales en el rendimiento escolar. Con el desarrollo del tercer objetivo se proporciona evidencia empírica sobre la existencia de interacción estratégica entre las escuelas públicas. Se emplea un procedimiento de estimación en dos etapas para evaluar si la competencia entre centros educativos tiene un impacto en la demanda de plazas. Para ello, se aplica un modelo econométrico espacial a fin de explicar la correlación entre la demanda de plazas y la gestión de la escuela debido a la existencia de interacción estratégica. El último capítulo empírico desarrolla un modelo para evaluar la eficacia y la eficiencia de un programa de mejora de la calidad aplicado recientemente en las escuelas públicas de Cataluña. Para hacer eso, se emplean técnicas de evaluación de impacto junto con un análisis de cambios en la eficiencia y productividad. En general, esta tesis contribuye al desarrollo de herramientas robustas para evaluar y promover la calidad de la educación proporcionada por las instituciones públicas, con el fin de fomentar la eficiencia y la equidad dentro del sistema.This thesis is concerned about the development of innovative models for the assessment and monitoring of performance using non-parametric efficiency approaches such as Data Envelopment Analysis, conditional order-m, and Malmquist Total Factor Productivity Change Index. The models are applied to the evaluation of public schools performance in Catalonia (Northest of Spain) with the aim of promoting the efficiency of the public education sector following different empirical approaches and bearing in mind the economic context. The empirical part of the thesis contributes to the definition of better public policies through the identification of best practice examples and areas with more potential for improvements. The thesis includes four main research topics. The first topic discusses how to implement changes in the public education network in order to adapt resources to the allocated budget without losing outputs. This chapter presents an alternative model to globally assess the efficiency of the public education network and to reallocate human resources. The empirical approach is based on an extension of the so-called Centralized Data Envelopment Analysis. Then, an iterative procedure capable of reallocating resources without jeopardizing the level of efficiency is proposed. The second topic analyzes the impact of environmental factors on students’ achievement by using a robust conditional order-m approach. In this chapter we develop two efficiency estimations, namely unconditional and conditional models and then, non-parametric regressions are done to disentangle the effect of environmental factors on school performance. The third topic provides evidence on strategic interaction among public schools. It employs a two-stage estimation procedure to assess whether competition among public schools influences the demand for places in them. A robust conditional order-m approach is used to estimate the efficiency of each school. Subsequently, a spatial econometric framework is applied to explain the correlation in the demand for places due to the existence of strategic interaction. The last topic develops a framework to assess the effectiveness and efficiency of a specific quality improvement program recently applied in public schools in Catalonia. To do that, difference-in-differences approach together with Malmquist total factor productivity change index is applied. Overall, this thesis contributes to the development of robust tools to assess and promote the quality of education provided by public institutions, with a view to foster efficiency and equity within the system.
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Wang, Yu Fei. "Analysis on the efficiency of China's banking industry and the influencing factors." Thesis, University of Macau, 2012. http://umaclib3.umac.mo/record=b2580080.
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Wang, Juanzi. "The Factors Affecting Individuals' Choice To Be Entrepreneur: A Comparison Between Efficiency-Driven Economies and Innovation-Driven Economies." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/33377.
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The purpose of this study is to examine the influence of institutional (environmental) factors and personal (attitude, human capital) factors on the probability of becoming an entrepreneur. In particular, this study aims to make a comparison between different types of economies. The data for this study is derived from the 2011 Adult Population Survey (APS), the 2011 National Expert Survey (NES) of Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM) and the World Bank Database, and covers 32 countries, including efficiency-driven economies and innovation-driven countries. This study applies hierarchical logistic regression and uses multilevel modeling for the cross-country, cross-individual dataset. The results reinforce the importance of environmental factors (regulative and normative), attitude factors, and human capital factors. The findings of this proposed study will contribute to the further analysis of the GEM database to understanding the diversity of nascent entrepreneurial activities in different contexts.
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Colvin, Jamie Cameron. "Water markets : factors in efficient water allocation." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/50546.
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Thesis (MBA)--Stellenbosch University, 2005.Some digitised pages may appear illegible due to the condition of the original hard copy
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Water is essential for life. Like the very air that surrounds us the omnipresent and indispensable qualities of water pervade throughout all of our lives. For reasons of health, community and trade the beginnings of all civilisations were proximate to the mighty rivers of the world. In a rapidly expanding global village, the priority for our future is to secure the management of increasing levels of water demand, given the finite natural cycle that all water is subject to and derived from; the hydrological cycle. The focus of this papers investigation is how best to allocate the value of water through the relatively nascent developments of water markets. The premise of utilising markets for allocative efficiency is suitably ingrained in the workings of many societies today, and the need to treat water with commensurate value and avoid waste is encapsulated in the Dublin Principles, where #4 states; 'Water has an economic value in all its competing uses and should be recognised as an economic good'. Which in isolation has merit, the legacy of state water management is usually associated with underperformance at best or incompetence and corruption at worst, and therefore the introduction of market mechanisms to provide water with allocative efficiency and true value, should be a positive undertaking for change. However the requisite conditions for proficient markets and perfect competition; which primarily include, that all agents are buyers and sellers, for a homogeneous product, with perfect information, without externalities, after the full and fair assignment of property rights, where all goods and services are private goods, and where transaction costs remain close to zero; would seldom be applicable to water. The many idiosyncrasies of water inhibit the application of competitive markets. Water could easily be defined as a public good with riparian rights, subject to a range of social and environmental externalities, whilst incurring high structural entry costs and remaining subject to the problematic vagaries of the natural supply cycle. Demand profiles also give water a heterogeneous definition, as domestic uses include both sanitation and drinking water, whilst various levels of quality are required for industry and agriculture, and even recreation. This paper seeks to define those factors that both warrant and limit the introduction of market functions to water management. The premise of this paper remains the search for better ways of valuing water, and how to incorporate fully the foundations of the environment and social criteria of health, and poverty reduction within these economic considerations. The conclusion defines a premium / discount solution to market traded water prices, which internalises these factors.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Water is noodsaaklik vir lewe. Net soos die lug wat ons omring het water ook alomteenwoordige eienskappe wat In onskeibare deel van ons lewens vorm. Die ontstaan van alle beskawings is te vinde in die nabyheid van groot en gevestigde riviere vir redes van gemeenskaplikheid, gesondheid en handel. Vandag se geintegreerde en snel-groeiende samelewing met sy toenemende vraag na water, noodsaak 'n toekomsgerigte benadering om waterbronne te bestuur gegewe die vaste water natuursiklus waar water vandaan kom en bewaar word in. Die fokus van hierdie studie is om die beste metodes te vind vir waterallokasie met verwysing na die ontwikkeling van water markte oor die eeue. Die gebruik van die markstelsel om water effektief te allokeer is die grondslag van baie samelewings vandag. So erken die Dublin beginsels die noosaaklikheid om 'n waarde te plaas op water beklemtoon dat dit nie vermors moet word nie. Beginsel #4 bepaal: "Water het 'n ekonomiese waarde in al sy vele gebruike en moet ooreenkomstig erken word as ekonomiese saak". Die bestuur van waterbronne deur 'n owerheid word gewoonlik vereenselwig met 'n nie-optimale of selfs korrupte onbevoegdheid. Hier behoort die bekendstelling van mark beginsels om 'n waarde en nut op water te plaas dus 'n positiewe ontwikkeling te wees. Tog is dit ook duidelik dat die vereistes vir 'n effektiewe mark; alle agente is kopers en verkopers, 'n eenvormige produk, deursigtigheid in informasie, geen eksternaliteite, erkenning van besitreg, alle goedere en dienste is privaat goedere, transaksie koste is naby aan nul; nie volkome toepasbaar is op water nie. Die eenvoudige asook komplekse aard van water verhoed dat standaard markstelsel en beginsels van kompetisie eenvormig toepasbaar is. Water kan ook maklik gekategoriseer word as publieke goedere met gemeenskapsregte, wat dit dan onderhewig sal maak aan verskeie maatskaplike en omgewingsmaatreëls, hoë toetrede kostes, en logistieke probleme van die verskaffingsiklus. Dit is egter die vraag na water wat defineer dit as heterogene produk met huishoudelike gebruike vir beide persoonlike verbruik asook sanitasie, terwyl doelgerigte gebruike in landbou, handel en nywerheid ook spesifieke kwaliteite kan vereis. Hierdie werkstuk beoog om die faktore te defineer wat die bekendstelling van 'n mark stelsel vir water bestuur daarstel en ook beperk. Die uitgangspunt van hierdie studie was om maniere te vind vir beter ekonomiese waardasie van water en dit dan te kombineer met die fondasies van die omgewing, maatskaplike & gesondheidsmaatreëls, asook die toeganklikheid van basiese dienste aan almal.
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Edwards-Morris, Seanicaa Evette. "IDENTIFICATION OF DISEASE AND WEATHER RELATED LOSS FACTORS AND AN EFFICIENCY MEASURE AFFECTING THE U.S. FARM-RAISED CATFISH INDUSTRY." MSSTATE, 2008. http://sun.library.msstate.edu/ETD-db/theses/available/etd-04042008-092426/.
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This study analyzed factors that affected catfish losses from diseases and weather events and factors that affected on-farm efficiency. A double limit tobit model was used to determine the magnitudes of losses experienced by producers due to these events, while a linear regression model was used to determine factors that affect efficiency. Results from the weather model indicate all variables are significant and positively affect loss while producer experience and pond depth were the only significant variables that affected disease loss. The efficiency model results provide information that could be increased or decreased in order to obtain a more efficient level of production. Significant inputs in the catfish efficiency model were age, experience, age/experience (interactive), catfish survival percentage, and percentage of fry and fingerlings purchased off-farm.
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Mokgalabone, M. S. "Analyzing the technical and allocative efficiency of small-scale maize farmers in Tzaneen Municipality of Mopani District: a cobb-douglas and logistic regression approach." Thesis, University of Limpopo, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/1215.
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Thesis (M.Sc (Agricultural Economics)) --University of Limpopo, 2015Agriculture plays an important role in uplifting the economy of South Africa. Small-scale farmers in rural areas are linked with poverty and operate inefficiently due to over or under utilization of some of the factors of production. This study aimed at analysing the technical and allocative efficiency of small-scale maize farmers in Tzaneen municipality. The objectives of the study were: (i) To assess the level of technical and allocative efficiency of small-scale maize farmers in Tzaneen municipality, (ii) To identify socio-economic factors affecting the efficiency of small-scale maize farmers in Tzaneen municipality and (iii) to investigate the areas of improvement with regard to the operational management of the small-scale maize farmers in Tzaneen municipality. The study employed the Cobb-Douglas production function and the logistic regression model to analyse data. The Cobb-Douglas production function results revealed that small-scale maize farmers in Tzaneen municipality are technically efficient in the production of maize with the highest mean technical efficiency value of 0.71%. The study further revealed that farmers were allocatively inefficient with a mean allocative efficiency value of 0.39%. The logistic regression analysis revealed important variables such as the level of education (1.05), experience in farming (2.74), access to irrigation water (0.59), purchase of hybrid seed (0.74), access to credit (2.13) and extension visits (0.85) were positively significant towards the efficiency of farmers. Variables such as gender of the farmer (-1.79) and off-farm income (-2.72) were found to be negatively significant towards the efficiency of small-scale maize farmers in Tzaneen Municipality. The findings obtained in this study could be quite useful to policy makers. This study recommend that there is a need for more visits from the extension officers as well as training on inputs allocation, since variables like Seed (0.41), fertilizer (0.17), capital (0.71) and expenses (-0.204) were found to be inefficiently allocated in the production of maize. The provision of easy, quick and adequate credit deserves to be a top priority on the agenda of policy makers since most small-scale maize farmers in Tzaneen municipality does not receive off-farm income. Small-scale farmers in Tzaneen municipality also need to have access to enough arable land in order to increase production. Small-scale farmers in South Africa and other developing countries contribute to employment creation and food security in the households, therefore, it is important that government fully support such farmers.
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Jeswani, Harish Kumar. "Corporate strategies on climate change in Pakistan and the UK." Thesis, University of Surrey, 2007. http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/844255/.
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The growing consensus among scientists and governments on the need for immediate action to avoid the dangerous impacts of climate change has resulted in many industries starting to prepare for a carbon-constrained world, in order to analyse the effectiveness of industry response, this research has developed a theoretical framework to categorise corporate strategies on climate change in developing and industrialized countries. The framework classifies the corporate response into four sets of strategies based on their operational and management activities. The empirical data was collected from 180 companies trough a questionnaire survey in Pakistan and the UK. Twenty-four interviews with representatives from industries and other stakeholder groups were also conducted to triangulate and complement the survey results. An analysis of the empirical data indicates that corporate responses towards climate change can be characterized in four categories: indifferent, beginner, emerging and active which validates the theoretical framework. The research found that business responses to this international challenge depend on national policies, economic, social, and technological related factors. However, the strength and content of these factors varies between industrialized and developing countries, where corporate environmentalism is a relatively new phenomenon. For Pakistan, the findings suggest that, in the absence of regulatory and societal pressure, the only effective incentive for organizations is cost-savings tlirough energy efficiency projects. However, their response is shaped by the prevalence of obstacles and a lack of external pressure that prevent a different picture to emerge. The situation is different for the UK. Due to regulatory pressure, UK firms are actively involved in GHG management activities. However, climate policies concerning industries for instance, EU ETS, do not provide sufficient incentives to companies to change from 'business as usual' because of its short-term outlook, uncertainty, complexity and the generous allocation of allowances, hence very low carbon price.
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Mog, David L. "An analysis of factors influencing wheat flour yield." Thesis, Kansas State University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/12452.
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Master of AgribusinessDepartment of Agricultural Economics
John A. Fox
The cost of wheat is the largest input cost for a flour mill, and as a result, profitability in wheat flour milling is determined in large part by milling efficiency – i.e., the amount of flour extracted per unit of wheat milled. In this project the objective was to quantify the influence of several measurable variables on flour mill efficiency. Data was collected from two commercial milling units of similar size. Linear regression was then used to estimate the relationship between flour yield and variables measuring grain characteristics and environmental factors. The analysis suggests that increasing ambient temperature and the occurrence of downtime both have a significant negative effect on flour yield. A significant difference in flour yield efficiency was also found between the two mills.
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LEPORI, GABRIELE MARIO. "Saggi sull'economia dei mercati finanziari." Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/113.
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I primi due capitoli di questa tesi mirano a determinare se il processo decisionale e le scelte di investimento degli individui possono essere influenzati da variabili psicologiche che non hanno alcuna valenza puramente economica. L'analisi empirica, condotta utilizzando dati relativi ai mercati italiano e statunitense, fornisce dei risultati che sono coerenti con l'ipotesi secondo cui esistono svariati fattori psicologici che giocano un ruolo nel processo mentale che produce le scelte di portafoglio degli agenti economici. Il terzo capitolo affronta la teoria della segmentazione di mercato, secondo cui la curva dei rendimenti è articolata in diversi segmenti temporali che sono a tutti gli effetti separati in termini di allocazione degli investimenti da parte degli operatori.The first two chapters of this dissertation investigate whether some economically-neutral but psychologically-relevant factors can affect investors' decision-making and, in turn, their investment choices. The empirical analysis, conducted on Italian and US stock market data, provides some evidence consistent with the view that several psychological elements indeed play a role in the mental process that generates people's portfolio allocation choices. The third chapter consists in an examination of the market segmentation hypothesis, according to which government bonds with different maturities are not perceived to any extent as substitutes by investors, the consequence being that the yield curve in fact contains different maturity segments that are totally separated from one another.
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Tiškienė, Monika. "Uždarosios akcinės bendrovės Vežėjas veiklos efektyvumas ir vystymosi perspektyvų įvertinimas." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2011. http://vddb.laba.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2011~D_20110803_091308-65468.
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Magistro darbe yra išanalizuoti ir susisteminti įvairių Lietuvos ir užsienio autorių teoriniai įmonės veiklos vertinimo bei ją įtakojančių veiksnių aspektai bei identifikuoti įmonės veiklos efektyvumo ekonominės analizės metodologiniai aspektai. Išsamiai analizuojama transporto paslaugas teikiančios įmonės UAB Vežėjas veikla, atliekant tradicinę įmonės finansinės būklės analizę, palyginant gautus rezultatus su šakos rodikliais, nustatnt rezultatus lėmusių veiksnių įtakos laipsnius bei atliekant įmonės veiklos perspektyvų įvertinimą. Taip pat darbe ieškoma įmonės veiklos rezultatų dinamikos sąsajų su šalies bei tarptautine ekonomine aplinka. Patvirtinama suformuluota tyrimo hipotezė, kad įmonės veiklos bei aplinkos veiksnių analizė leidžia tiklsiai ir teisingai įvertinti realią įmonės padėtį bei vystymosi tendencijas.This master’s work indicates analysis and structuring of theoretical aspects of company’s activity evaluation and factors that influence it described by various Lithuanian and foreign authors, and identifies methodological aspects of economic analysis of compay’s efficiency analysis. It includes a thorough activity analysis of transpotation service provider JSC Vežėjas, by doing a traditional financial analysis of a conpany, comparing results with the indicators of the sector, determning the influence of factors which cause the results, and evaluating companys perspectives. This work also includes attempt to identify how local and international economic environments influences changes in company’s results. It also confirms the hypothesis formed by analysis which says that the analysis of company’s activity and factors of the environment allow to evaluate real situation and development trends of a company exactly and correctly.
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Khorel, Tomáš. "Analýza vlivu rizik na ekonomickou efektivnost větrných elektráren v ČR." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2009. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-3829.
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The work focuses on wind-power energetics area in the Czech republic. On the basis of a set referential project, which is typical for current Czech conditions, it intends to answer two key questions. The first one deals with risk and inquires into how critical individual factors are. For this purpose financial analysis and especially sensitivity analysis are used. The other issue solved in this work is detection of economic efficiency of the referential project. The output is based on the prediction of the critical factors.
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Kitahara, André Ricardo Casale. "Relação entre produtividade total dos fatores e investimento em capital fixo para a economia brasileira." reponame:Repositório Institucional do FGV, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10438/2053.
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Previous issue date: 2007-03-06T00:00:00ZO presente trabalho utiliza a teoria do crescimento econômico a fim de analisar a relação das taxas de investimento em capital fixo e a evolução da produtividade total dos fatores no Brasil a partir de 1950 ate 2005. A partir de pesquisas bibliográficas abordam-se os estudos de Romer, Arrow, Pires, Solow se apresenta conceitos como o "learning by doing", "spillovers" e decomposição da produtividade a fim de embasar teoricamente o estudo. As pesquisas apontam a importância da variável eficiência sobre a produtividade total dos fatores no caso brasileiro, principalmente durante os anos de incidência de inflação elevada. A metodologia aplicada no trabalho se utiliza dos dados coletados junto ao IPEAdata e Pen World Tables para formação bruta de capital fixo, produto interno bruto e dados populacionais para o cálculo da produtividade total dos fatores seguindo a metodologia proposta por Solow. Utilizam-se os dados calculados para se extrair uma relação matemática entre a produtividade total dos fatores e ao nível de estoque de capital físico. O estudo comprova a relação entre a produtividade e o investimento em capital físico, também fica demonstrada a grande importância da eficiência sobre a produtividade no caso brasileiro.
This work uses the theory of economic development to analyze the relation between capital investment and total factor productivity in the Brazilian economy from 1950 to 2005. Using bibliographic research are found studies of Romer, Arrow, Pires, Solow and present concepts like ìlearning by doingî, ìspilloversî and decomposition of productivity aiming to create some foundation to the study. The research point out the importance of the efficiency over total factor productivity in the Brazilian case, principally over the years of high inflation rates. The applied methodology uses data collected on the IPEAdata database to physical capital formation, gross domestic product, and demographic data to calculate the total factor productivity under Solowës method. The study uses data calculated to extract a mathematical relation between total factor productivity and the level of physical capital. The study shows that in Brazil this relation between investment and productivity do exists and shows also great relevance of efficiency over productivity in the Brazilian case.
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Hakobyan, Lilit. "Essays on growth and political transition." Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Nationalekonomi, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-92600.
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Sones, Ronald T. "Development of a Theoretical Model Based Upon Factors Influencing a Firm's Suitability for Organizational Evolution." Also available to VCU users online at:, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10156/1397.
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Yee, Lai-wan, and 余麗容. "The efficiency of the charging system for industrial wastewater management in Hong Kong." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1997. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B30101062.
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Ferreira, Caliane Borges. "Ensaios sobre Produtividade e EficiÃncia AgrÃcola na AmÃrica Latina, no Brasil e no Vale do SÃo Francisco." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2015. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=15232.
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CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel SuperiorEsta dissertaÃÃo à composta por trÃs artigos que visam ao estudo sobre produtividade total dos fatores (PTF). O primeiro capÃtulo trata da produÃÃo agrÃcola latino-americana. Na anÃlise do desempenho econÃmico dos paÃses, utiliza-se a abordagem paramÃtrica da fronteira estocÃstica de produÃÃo. Verifica-se que todos os paÃses apresentaram variaÃÃo da PTF positiva para o perÃodo de 1961 a 2010, ou seja, apresentaram crescimento do produto, assim como progresso tÃcnico positivo. A maior variaÃÃo da PTF corresponde ao Brasil, 55,73%; jà a menor variaÃÃo apresenta-se para Trinidad e Tobago, 42,06%. Contudo, a mudanÃa na eficiÃncia tÃcnica mostrou-se decrescente para quase 50% da totalidade dos paÃses. Tratando-se de eficiÃncia de escala, apenas Argentina, Brasil e Uruguai apresentaram mÃdias positivas para o perÃodo. Em relaÃÃo à mudanÃa na eficiÃncia alocativa, todos os paÃses mostraram-se decrescentes. Jà o segundo capÃtulo estuda a PTF e sua decomposiÃÃo na agropecuÃria brasileira no perÃodo entre os anos de 1970 e 2006, a partir dos dados do Censo AgropecuÃrio, tambÃm por meio do modelo economÃtrico de fronteira estocÃstica de produÃÃo, para assim analisar a contribuiÃÃo da PTF agrÃcola. As fronteiras de produÃÃo estimadas foram utilizadas para calcular as variaÃÃes no Ãndice de produtividade total de Malmquist, decomposto dos Ãndices de variaÃÃo de eficiÃncia e variaÃÃo tecnolÃgica. Os resultados apontaram uma variaÃÃo na PTF agropecuÃria brasileira positiva, tendo o estado do Mato Grosso expressado maior variaÃÃo, seguido por Rio Grande do Norte, Amapà e PiauÃ. Estados importantes para a agropecuÃria brasileira, como Bahia, Minas Gerais e SÃo Paulo, permaneceram com as variaÃÃes na PTF positivas. EspÃrito Santo e Minas Gerais foram os Ãnicos estados que apresentaram variaÃÃo maior que um em relaÃÃo à eficiÃncia tÃcnica, efeito cathing-up. Tratando-se das regiÃes, o Centro-Oeste apresentou maior ganho de produtividade total dos fatores, seguido pelo Nordeste e Norte. No terceiro capÃtulo, as medidas de eficiÃncia tÃcnica foram estudadas na produÃÃo de mangas no semiÃrido brasileiro, especificamente no Vale do SubmÃdio SÃo Francisco. O estudo das variÃveis deu-se tambÃm por meio da estimaÃÃo do modelo economÃtrico paramÃtrico de funÃÃo de produÃÃo estocÃstica. Concluiu-se que apenas sete (7) produtores de setenta e trÃs (73) lotes pesquisados mostraram-se tecnicamente eficientes; dado preocupante, visto que o grau de ineficiÃncia foi de mais de 90%.
This thesis consists of three articles which aimed the study of total factor productivity (TFP). The first one deals with the Latin American agricultural production, and analysis of the economic performance of countries, it is used the parametric approach of stochastic frontier production. It is observed that all country had positive TFP change in the period 1961-2010, which showed product growth as well as positive technical progress. The greatest TFP variation in Brazil is 55,73%, while the smallest change is in Trinidad and Tobago, 42.06%. However, the change in technical efficiency was decreased to nearly 50% of all countries. In the case of scale efficiency, only Argentina, Brazil and Uruguay had positive average for the period. Regarding the change in allocative efficiency, all countries were decreased. The second chapter studies the TFP and its decomposition in Brazilian agriculture from 1970 to 2006, using the Agricultural Census data and also by means of econometric model of stochastic frontier production to analyze the contribution of TFP agriculture. The estimated production boundaries were used to calculate the variation in total productivity Malmquist index, decomposed from varied levels of efficiency and technological change. The results showed a variation in positive Brazilian agriculture TFP, where Mato Grosso state expressed greater variation followed by Rio Grande do Norte, Amapà and PiauÃ. Important states for Brazilian agriculture as Bahia, Minas Gerais and SÃo Paulo remained positive with the changes in TFP. EspÃrito Santo and Minas Gerais were the states that showed variation bigger than one in relation to technical efficiency, cathing-up effect. In the case of the regions, the Midwest showed greater gains in total factor productivity, followed by the Northeast and North. In the third chapter, the technical efficiency measures were studied the production of mangoes in Brazilian semi-arid region, in particular in SubmÃdio SÃo Francisco Valley. The study of the variables has also occurred by the estimation of the econometric model parametrics to chastic production function. It was concluded that only seven (7) producers from seventy-three (73) lots studied demonstrated technically efficient, bad statistic, since the in efficiency degree was over 90%.
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Kim, Tae Hyun. "An Evaluation of Hospital Capital Investment after the Balanced Budget Act." Also available online at:, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10156/1578.
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Bahadori, Kazem, and Berg Gustav Almroth. "Fokusering av produktionslayouten på ett litet företag : En fallstudie på Svenska Maskinskyltfabriken." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Produktionsekonomi, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-165786.
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Detta examensarbete har haft till syfte att finna åtgärder för att genom ett mer logiskt stringent flöde kunna fokusera produktionen i ett mindre företag, Svenska maskinskyltfabriken (SMF-skylt). Då flödet genom fabriken ändrats under åren, med nya maskiner och produkter har ett behov av att se över och anpassa det till dagens förhållanden uppstått. Detta dels för att effektivisera flödet i sig, dels för att se hur det påverkar diverse konkurrensmedel som företaget idag kämpar med att höja. Då mindre företag ofta dras med små resurser avsatta till att göra förändringar i verksamheten har det varit viktigt att i detta arbete sätta upp en åtgärdsplan som öppnar upp för succesiva förbättringar, vilka kan implementeras i tur och ordning utan att produktionen behöver stå stilla en längre tid. Enligt befintlig teori kommer en fokuserad produktion med kortare transportsträcka och ökad flödeseffektivitet bidra till såväl bättre leveransprecision som kvalité. För att uppnå önskat resultat har diverse verktyg och metoder använts under projektets gång, exempelvis ”Learning to see”-map, korrelationsmatris, ABC-analys och spagettidiagram. Genom dessa har antalet flöden mellan olika maskiner systematiskt kunnat kartläggas och kortas med ett fokus på de mest frekvent förekommande. Störst bidrag i analyserna av resultatet har kunskapen om Lean, produktionssystem och hållbarhet gett, då dessa begrepp är vitala för arbetets syfte. Arbetet har förts framåt genom analys av denna bakomliggande vetenskapliga teori på området Operations Management, dock som anpassats till det verkliga fallet SMF-skylt. Utifrån detta har såväl dagsläge som ett antal framtida scenarion kunnat analyseras med likadana verktyg vilket gett en adekvat jämförelse dem emellan. Alla förändringar i företagets produktionslayout visualiseras i rapporten med pedagogiska kartor, oavsett om ändringen är en ny dörr eller en omflyttning av maskiner. Resultatet är de nya layouterna och kan jämföras med dagsläget i konkreta tal genom en jämförelse av den totala tillryggalagda sträckan för produkterna genom fabrikslokalen. Genom projektets åtgärder kan transportsträckorna sänkas med 21% mot dagsläget. Stor vikt bör läggas vid det förbättrade flödet som genom tydligare mönster hjälper företaget att komma till rätta med sitt produktionssystem och samtidigt ta ett steg mot Lean produktion.This thesis aims to find some arrangements to achieve a more logical flow throughout the production area of a small company, Svenska Maskinskyltfabriken (SMF-skylt). The flow through the factory has changed during the past years with new products in the assortment and other equipment available. Therefore, a need to develop the layout to adjust it to the current flow has arisen. This is partly to make the flow itself more efficient, but also to improve the manufacturing outputs which they are struggling with today. Since the case company is in an unstable economic situation and not able to imperil the revenue, the recommended changes must be divided into smaller steps, each economically affordable and building on the previous one. With a successive order, it will lower the barriers to commence the development process and eliminate long term stops in the manufacturing. According to existing theory, a focused factory with shorter transports and improved flow efficiency will benefit the manufacturing outputs, delivery precision and quality. To achieve the desired results several tools and methods have been used, for example “Learning to see”-map, correlation matrix, ABC-analysis and spagettidiagram. Using these tools, the number of transports between different stations have been mapped and shortened with focus on the most frequent ones. To analyze the results knowledge about lean production, production systems and sustainability have been vital. The work has been carried forward by scientific theories within this field, Operations Management. Although some of the theories used in this project have been adapted to the specific case, they form the scientific basis of the work. This scientific basis is then used to analyze both current state at SMFskylt, future suggested scenarios and the comparison between current state and future scenarios. All changes in the company’s layout is visualized in the report with clear maps, either if the change means a new door or another placement of the equipment. The result of these improvements is presented as numeric values in terms of reduced transport distance through the production area. By implementing these changes, the distance has been shortened by 21%, compared to today´s situation. Great emphasis should be put upon the improved flow which, through clearer patterns, helps the company to rectify its production system and at the same time take a step towards Lean production.
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Andreoli, André Luiz [UNESP]. "Controlador de demanda e fator de potência de baixo custo para unidades consumidoras de energia elétrica." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/89568.
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andreoli_al_me_bauru.pdf: 2837768 bytes, checksum: 899d0f484921dccf16d7027e336d500b (MD5)Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
O presente trabalho é o resultado de uma pesquisa aplicada ao desenvolvimento de um equipamento eletrônico microprocessado destinado ao controle de demanda máxima e de fator de potência em instalações elétricas. Motivado pelo aumento na demanda e pela limitação nos recursos do sistema elétrico interligado, o uso de equipamentos que permitam o gerenciamento de energia pelo lado da demanda tem se difundido com grande velocidade, pois é o método de racionalização do uso de energia elétrica que apresenta boa relação entre custo e benefícios, trazendo resultados favoráveis em curto prazo. O uso de controladores de demanda máxima e de fator de potência nas instalações atendidas por contratos de fornecimento horo-sazonal é uma forma de garantir que o sistema não ultrapasse os limites contratuais, que resultam em aplicação de multa, e também um modo de se operar o sistema dentro de parâmetros conhecidos evitando perdas excessivas, racionalizando a utilização de seus componentes. Embora não exista regulamentação relacionada a tarifas diferenciadas de energia elétrica para unidades atendidas em baixa tensão, a utilização de controladores de demanda máxima e fator de potência pode trazer à esta classe de consumidores os benefícios do gerenciamento de energia, reduzindo perdas e em muitos casos permitindo a diminuição no valor da fatura de energia. Pelo ponto de vista do fornecimento, a existência de controle de demanda nas unidades consumidoras permite um melhor planejamento e maior aproveitamento do sistema de distribuição, minimizando investimentos no setor. Para aplicação em unidades consumidoras de porte reduzido, os equipamentos de gerenciamento de energia disponíveis no mercado apresentam dois inconvenientes principais: o excesso de recursos que na maioria dos casos não é explorado em sua...
The present work is the result of an applied research to the development of an electronic microcontrolled device used in the control of maximum demand and power factor in small and medium range electric facilities. Stimulated by the increase of demand and limitation of electrical resources of the interconnected system, the use of demand-side energy management devices was increased, since this method is the better mode to provide the energy rationalization, good cost-benefits relationship and presents best results in a short time interval after its implementation. The use of maximum demand and power factor controllers in facilities with differential billing fares is a method of guarantee that the agreement limits will not be exceeded, resulting in penalties, and also a safe mode of system operation, reducing losses and rationalizing the use their components. Although don't exist regulation related to the differential billing applied to low-voltage supplied consumers, the use of maximum demand and power factor controllers can bring to this consumers category the benefits of energy management, reducing losses and in most cases decreasing the energy billing. In the supply point of view, the demand control in consumers units allow the better planning and the best utilization of distribution system, minimizing the investment in this sector. For application in small-size consumer units, the commercially available energy management devices have two inconvenient: excess of resources, in the most cases sub-utilized which increase the price, and the need of a special external energy meter or energy transducer, uncommon in this class of facility. The device developed in this research have an electronic energy measurement system and associated signals independent of the supplier's meter, and also... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
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Pagnoncelli, Alexandre Miranda. "Estratégia competitiva e eficiência operacional : um estudo de caso no setor de operadoras de planos de saúde do Brasil." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/30875.
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A dissertação tem como objetivo analisar o caso da Gestão de OPME (Órteses, Próteses e Materiais Especiais) em uma empresa operadora de planos de saúde (UNIMED RS), no contexto das condições sistêmicas e setoriais de competitividade e das escolhas estratégicas da empresa. Utilizando conceitos e esquemas analíticos de economia da estratégia, a dissertação procura mostrar como a gestão de OPME é importante para equacionar o trade-off entre custo e diferenciação, dada as escolhas estratégicas que caracterizam o posicionamento competitivo da UNIMED, no âmbito do setor de operadoras de planos de saúde e com as limitações impostas pelo agente regulador setorial. Os avanços na área de materiais médicos são impressionantes. A velocidade com que são lançados no mercado os novos materiais cirúrgicos (Órteses, Próteses e Materiais Especiais, OPME) é um reflexo da facilidade com que se tem acesso à informação nos dias de hoje. Estes materiais, são materiais de elevado custo, existem dúvidas quanto a sua efetividade e segurança para os beneficiários/pacientes e que acarretam um aumento geométrico dos custos das operadoras de planos de saúde que, devido ao controle rigoroso, governamental, não conseguem repassar esses custos aos seus beneficiários. O Sistema Unimed, identificando a necessidade de um processo estruturado que avalie a incorporação de novas tecnologias na área da saúde, e com o objetivo de manter o status da instituição como empresa que oferta aos seus beneficiários a melhor tecnologia médica disponível, criou a sua Câmara Técnica de Medicina Baseada em Evidências. Nesse contexto, este estudo aborda a experiência do Sistema Unimed com essa gestão e absorção de novas tecnologias.The objective of the dissertation is to analyze the administration of OPME (Ortheses, Prostheses and Special Materials) in a health care company (UNIMED RS), in the context of the systemic and sectorial conditions of competitiveness and of the strategic choices of the company. Using concepts and analytic outlines of the economy of the strategy, the dissertation seeks to show how important the administration of the OPME is for the trade-off between cost and differentiation, given the strategic choices that characterize the competitive positioning of UNIMED in the ambit of the section of Health Plans and with limitations imposed by the sectorial regulator agent. The progress in the area of medical materials is impressive. The speed that the new surgical materials (Ortheses, Protheses and Special Materials) are introduced in the market is a reflex of the easiness to access information nowadays. These materials are materials of high cost, and there is still doubt about the effectiveness and safety of these materials for the patients, besides there is a geometric increase of the costs of the Health Plans and due to the rigorous governmental control these costs cannot be passed to the beneficiaries. The Unimed System, aware of the need for a structured process that evaluates the incorporation of new technologies in the area of health, and with the objective to maintain its status as an institution that offers its beneficiaries the best medical technology available, created its own Technical Chamber of Medicine Based on Evidences. In this context, this study approaches Unimed's experience in this administration and the absorption of new technologies.
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Macarthy, Kadiatu, and Wei Yang. "SUPPORT FACILITIES FOR STUDENTS IN THEIR ENTREPRENEURIAL VENTURES AT LINNAEUS UNIVERSITY : HOW CAN THE INTERNATIONAL STUDENTS SEEK AND EXPERIENCE THE SUPPORT THEY GET FROM THE UNIVERSITY TO DEVELOP THEIR ENTREPRENEURIAL VENTURES." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för organisation och entreprenörskap (OE), 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-67356.
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We see an increasing need for more entrepreneurs to match the changing nature of the globe in this dynamic world. In 2012, the Swedish government considered entrepreneurship to be a theme running throughout the entire educational system. The university is one place to develop the entrepreneurial spirit, especially among students. Universities play a very important role in enhancing national development because of their central role in the production of high-level manpower and research that are necessary for achieving national goals. Through research, universities generate new knowledge and understanding that are instrumental for developing new technology and promoting information transfer. Most international students experience three levels of shock: culture shock, language shock and academic shock. Sohrabpour et al. (2013) defined these shocks as a disease suffered by those who enter a new cultural environment. In this paper, we discussed the role that the university plays in supporting international students to develop entrepreneurial ideas and become established at Linnea University in Växjö. We believed that if being an international student poses challenges, launching an entrepreneurial venture is sure to have even more complex constraints that will potentially kill their entrepreneurial spirit. Thus, we examined the support facilities that are available to help international students start their entrepreneurial ventures and how they are experiencing these facilities at universities. We took Linnea University in Växjö as a case study.
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Habibi, Saeid. "Wireless charging of electric vehicles based on resonant inductive power transformers." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2019.
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Abstract
Electric vehicles and their charging stations are among important applications in today's world. The E-mobility industry is changing day-to-day with new ways to reduce charging time of electric vehicles, ease of use in charging process, increasing the efficiency and sometimes remote control access of the charging system.
To accomplish this, resonant inductive power transfers is one of the method that can be hired to transfer power to electric vehicles (EVs) over an air-gap and can remarkably improve the range, safety and convenience of the EV battery charging. However, implementation of a large scale wireless charging infrastructure of electric vehicles (e.g. for taxi fleet in a city) is still one of the major difficulties of such technology. Issues related to determining the physical sizes of the coil pads, standardization, technical interoperability, safety and designing the appropriate wireless charging system to be used for different EVs are among those difficulties.
The important target of doing this study is to understand the feasibility of installation of wireless charging stations for electric vehicle in terms of technical and financial issues, and understanding that which size of chargers are needed to install for electric vehicles. Electrical synchronization and interoperability of primary and secondary coils are other issues investigated. In the following chapters, financial and economic analysis of implementation of the wireless charging infrastructure for the taxi and van fleet in an urban area are discussed.
It can be concluded that implementation of wireless charging infrastructure for electric vehicles in urban areas for taxi fleet and delivery van drivers could bring many advantages because of specific working routine and stop time that they have during each working day. Increment of anxiety range, and reduction of charging time, convenience, being needless of tedious conventional charging cables, saving money are major advantages.
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Torres, Arnaud. "Pilotage de la transmission des compétences et des savoir-faire par le manager de proximité comme facteur de développement et de performances socio-économiques." Thesis, Lyon 3, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LYO30029.
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Les transferts de compétences et de savoir-faire (TC / TSF) dans les organisations revêtent un enjeu stratégique pour leur survie-développement et nécessitent donc une préparation minutieuse ainsi qu’un pilotage rigoureux afin d’apporter toute leur valeur ajoutée.La première partie explicite les fondements conceptuels et méthodologiques de la recherche et présente les terrains d’investigation et d’expérimentation de nos hypothèses et outils. Elle présente les enjeux liés aux transferts de compétences et de savoir-faire à partir de l’analyse des entretiens réalisés, des dysfonctionnements et de leurs coûts cachés de régulation. Nous étudions l’importance de la définition d’une politique de TC / TSF par la direction ainsi que les rôles et les pratiques des ressources humaines dans le pilotage des compétences et de leur transfert.Dans la deuxième partie, nous étudions le rôle-clé détenu par le manager de proximité, de par sa position stratégique dans l’organisation et ses pratiques managériales, dans le pilotage et la mise en œuvre de la politique de transfert de savoir-faire, ainsi que dans le suivi et le développement des performances individuelles et collectives. Nous étudions aussi les impacts socio-économiques des actions de TC / TSF et du pilotage de ces actions par les managers de proximité. Enfin, nous proposons le concept de manager de proximité-développeur en nous appuyant sur les évolutions du management au cours du XXème siècle, sur le concept de formation intégrée et l’importance de la pédagogie. Nous proposons des outils de management pour permettre aux managers de proximité de mieux piloter les TC /TSFThe transfer of skills and know-how (TS/TKH) in organizations are of strategic importance for their survival and development and therefore require careful and rigorous control to provide any added value preparation.The first explicit conceptual and methodological research foundations and has lots of investigation and experimentation of our assumptions and tools part . It presents the issues related to the transfer of skills and know-how from the analysis of interviews, dysfunctions and their hidden regulatory costs. We study the importance of the definition of a policy of TS / TKH by management and the roles and practices of human resource skills management and transfer.In the second part, we study the key role held by the manager of proximity, its strategic position in the organization and management practices in the management and implementation of the policy of transfer of know -how, as well as in the monitoring and development of individual and collective performance. We also study the socio -economic impacts of actions TS / TKH and control these actions by local managers. Finally, we propose the concept of proximity manager - developer relying on the evolution of management in the twentieth century, the concept of integrated training and the importance of education. We offer management tools to allow local managers to better manage the TS / TKH
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Pietrowiak, Annett. "European payment instruments." Doctoral thesis, Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2014. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-150371.
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This thesis sheds light on the functioning and characteristics of payment systems to serve as a foundation for understanding the drivers for higher payment system efficiency. Its central goal is to develop insights into the determinants of collective payment choice suitable to lower payment costs to society. So far, the institutional environment, as potential important influence on the payment instrument mix, has not been focused on in the literature. Therefore, particular emphasis is laid on the empirical analysis of the impact of institutional factors on the share of card payments on consumer spending at the point of sale (POS). For this, a unique panel data set is constructed covering the eight most important European payment markets ranked by non-cash transaction volumes. The empirical results allow formulating conditions necessary to achieve a more efficient payment mix. They also form a basis for the assessment of related policy measures with a focus on the SEPA project in terms of their efficiency enhancing effect. Future research could possibly build upon the panel data collected.
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Bílková, Alice. "Posouzení ekonomické efektivnosti investičního projektu." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2016. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-240007.
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The subject of this thesis is to assess the economic efficiency of the investment project. The theoretical part focuses on the basic definitions related to investment decisions on the investment project and the project life cycle, cash flows and their predictions and recommendations to set them correctly, methods useful for assessing the effectiveness of the investment project and the indicators presenting the financial stability and feasibility of the project as well as factors affecting the overall investment decision, and finally the possibility of financing of the investment projects in the private sector. In the practical part there are the theoretical findings applied in the real investment project. Specifically, there will be analyzed the characterized investment project and its possible alternatives and finally made the assessment of economic efficiency.
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Chen, Hsi-Kung, and 陳錫恭. "Economic Efficiency Factor Analysis of Chinese Bullfrog (Rana tigrina rugulosa) Aquaculture in Taiwan." Thesis, 2004. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/47105594936197968763.
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碩士國立臺灣海洋大學
水產養殖學系
92
Aquaculture is a multiindustry. The development of aquaculture may be strongly affected by the factors including biology, environment, economics and politics. To evaluate the Rana tigrina rugulosa farming profit, the production cost and revenue were studied under varied culturing techniques. The study indicated that seasonal production and farming location have significant effect on this business cost and revenue. Productions in seasons one and two were more profitable duo to shorter production time and lower cost. The profitability (a ratio of net profit per one-dollar cost) obtained from indoor farming system ware better than that of outdoor’s. the unit production of indoor system was also higher than that of outdoor system because of higher stoking rate but similar survival rate. However, the production cost of outdoor farming was lower than that of indoor one. Generally speaking, the profitability of Rana tigring rugulosa farming was affected by its biological characteristics and feeding cost. The future research should focus on the study of optimal conditions such as growing conditions, stocking density and survival rate. Additionally, a study of proper diet formula will definitely have significant effect on the farming profitability.
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"Economic regulation in the brazilian electric power supply sector: a methodology for defining production efficiency frontier and estimating the x-factor." Tese, MAXWELL, 2004. http://www.maxwell.lambda.ele.puc-rio.br/cgi-bin/db2www/PRG_0991.D2W/SHOW?Cont=5566:pt&Mat=&Sys=&Nr=&Fun=&CdLinPrg=pt.
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Xavier, Ana Carolina Pinto. "Afetação de Recursos, Produtividade e Crescimento Económico em Portugal: uma análise por ramos de atividade." Master's thesis, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10316/84427.
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Trabalho de Projeto do Mestrado em Economia apresentado à Faculdade de EconomiaA Produtividade Total dos Fatores (PTF) é um dos principais fatores explicativos do crescimento económico sendo também importante na explicação das diferenças registadas no desempenho económico entre países. No entanto, nos últimos anos o crescimento da produtividade tem vindo a diminuir nos países desenvolvidos, e Portugal não é exceção. Uma das componentes que influencia a PTF é a eficiência/ineficiência na afetação dos recursos pelos diferentes ramos de atividade. O presente estudo pretende analisar a existência de eficiência/ineficiência na afetação dos recursos em Portugal, para o período entre 2000 e 2015, entre diferentes setores de atividade, de que forma esta possa ter contribuído para um declínio significativo da produtividade e, deste modo, para o abrandamento do crescimento económico. Para tal utiliza-se um modelo de concorrência monopolística e dados setoriais, recolhidos junto do Instituto Nacional de Estatística, para se calcular as distorções presentes na economia. Os resultados indicam que as distorções na economia Portuguesa são elevadas, principalmente a distorção do capital, e que os ganhos potenciais da reafectação dos recursos em termos de Valor Acrescentado Bruto são elevados, permanecendo praticamente constantes ao longo do período considerado. Os ramos de atividade que apresentam distorções do capital mais elevadas são a indústria têxtil, vestuário e couro, as atividades de construção e os ramos de produção de bens não transacionáveis. Uma possível explicação para estes resultados prende-se com a má afetação do crédito por parte das instituições bancárias nas últimas décadas, que concentraram o crédito nos setores dos bens não transacionáveis e apoiaram muitas pequenas empresas pouco produtivas.
Total Factor Productivity (TFP) is one of the main drivers of economic growth and is also important in explaining the differences in the economic performance between countries. However, in recent years productivity growth has been declining in developed countries, and Portugal is no exception. One of the determinants of TFP is the efficiency/inefficiency in the allocation of resources across different sectors. This study analyzes the existence of efficiency/inefficiency in the allocation of resources in Portugal, over the period 2000-2015, between different sectors of activity, and how this may have contributed to a significant decline in productivity and, thus, to a growth slowdown. For this purpose, we used a model of monopolistic competition and sectoral data collected from the Portuguese Statistical Agency (INE) to calculate the distortions present in this economy. The results indicate that the distortions in the Portuguese economy are high, mainly the distortion of capital and that the potential gains from the reallocation of resources in terms of Gross Value Added are high, remaining practically constant throughout the period under analysis. The industries with the highest capital distortions are the textile, clothing and leather industries, construction activities and non-tradable goods sectors. One possible explanation for these results is the inefficient allocation of credit by the banking sector in the last decades, which channeled credit to the non-tradable goods sectors and supported many small, low productivity, firms.
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Kao, Chih-Hung, and 高志宏. "Total-Factor Environmental-Energy Efficiency of APEC Economies." Thesis, 2006. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/39553315384788037858.
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博士國立交通大學
經營管理研究所
94
Energy is one of the most important basic elements for human’s living from time immemorial. Perto-fossil fuels are limited while energy consumption and economic development are unconstrained. Meanwhile, energy production and consumption have undesirable environmental repercussions. The effects of economic growth using energy on natural and environmental resources have become a central question with the rising concern over environmental protection. Before new and alternative fuels become available, improving energy efficiency and reducing CO2 emissions are two necessities for an economy to design national environmental-energy policy while remaining its economic development possibilities. Although some energy scholars, such as Patterson (1996) and Wilson et al. (1994), suggested using total factor indicator to evaluate energy efficiency, the existing literature all uses partial-factor indicators to analyze environmental-energy efficiency. This study tries to use the data envelopment analysis (DEA) approach for constructing a total-factor framework which is then applied to study APEC economies. Input-reducing targets are extracted from the total-factor framework. Environmental-energy efficiency indicators are also derived from the same total-factor framework. The potential energy savings and CO2 abatement also result from the environmental-energy efficiency indicators. This study also overview the energy efficiency polices in selected APEC economies for providing policy and program ideas for reducing consumption and emission growth. Seventeen APEC economies during 1991 to 2000 are analyzed. All nominal variables are transformed into real variables by the purchasing power parity (PPP) at the 1995 price level. The DEA approach is used to construct environmental-energy efficiency indicators for APEC economies without reducing their maximum potential gross domestic productions (GDPs) in each year. The production function with inputs including labor and capital as well as energy and CO2, respectively, is analyzed, while GDP is the single output. The major findings are as follows: (1) China has the worst environmental-energy efficiency and has the largest potential energy savings and CO2 abatement almost half of its current amount. (2) Hong Kong, the Philippines, and the United States have the highest environmental-energy efficiency. (3) The environmental-energy efficiency generally increases for APEC economies. (4) An inverted U-shape relation exists between per capita potential energy savings and per capita GDP. (5) An Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) relation exists between per capita CO2 abatement target and per capita GDP. (6) The higher value-added percentage of GDP by the service sector has more efficient environmental-energy efficiency. The higher value-added percentage of GDP by the industry sector has more inefficient energy consumption.
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Shah, Vipinchandra Damodardas. "Factors affecting costs and efficiency of banking services at branch level." Thesis, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/2009/5116.
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Correia, Tiago Dias. "Multi factor investing: a study on market efficiency evolution." Master's thesis, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/105925.
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This paper was built with the intention of verifying the evolution, over the last decades, of the statistical significance of traditional factors used for equity factor investing, such as SMB(small minus big), HML(high minus low), MOM(momentum)and MKRTF(market risk premium), and others. The results obtained after the construction of a daily multi-factor portfolio and several single factor portfolios concluded on the rejection of the these factors are statistically significant, both globally and individually, even though financial results are, in some periods strong enough to consider these strategies reliable for trading purposes.
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Mogoje, Barileng Leonard. "Effects of 4x4 full diallel crossbreeding of chickens on growth production performance, genetics and phenotypic characteristics." Thesis, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/26210.
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Poultry provide affordable animal protein products compared to other animal products in agricultural industry. The demand of organic food by world health organisation and call for discard of conventional laying cage production method led to this research study. The aim of the study was to determine how (4 x 4) full diallel crossbreeding of the Potchefstroom Koekoek (PK), Naked neck (NN), Lohmann Brown (LB) and White Leghorn (WL) had an effect on production performance, egg parameters, genetic and phenotypic characteristics of F1 crossbreed offspring. The study was conducted at the Agricultural Research Council (ARC), Livestock Production Improvement at the Irene Campus, which is situated about 25 km south of Pretoria. The (4 x 4) full diallel crossbreeding design used on four chicken breeds to produce four pure breeds, six crossbreeds and six reciprocal crosses. The total number of 352 chickens with16 treatments (2 cocks and 20 hens) used in phase 1 and 384 chickens 16 F1-treatments (3 cocks + 21 hens) used in phase 2. Data was analysed by full factorial analysis of variance (ANOVA), General Linear Model procedures and Scheffe post-hoc for multiple comparison of the means of different variable data. The outcome had shown that crossbreeding had an effect on the production performance, genetic and phenotypic characteristics. The performed F1 crossbreeds emerge from crossbreeding between the local dual-purpose PK and commercial LB chicken breeds. PKLB dominated on growth and production performance traits compared to other crossbreeds. All set null hypothesis differ significantly at (p < 0.05), the outcome of all five hypothesis of this study were rejected. In conclusion PKLB was the best performing F1 crossbreed, based on its best performance on growth, FCR, cost of rearing, productive, high quality safe eggshell, economic efficiency and consumer preference (brown eggshell and yolk colour).Dikgogo di neelana ka dikumo tsa poroteine ya diphologolo go tshwantshanngwa le dikumo tsa diphologolo tse dingwe mo intasetering ya temo. Tlhokego ya dijo tse di bolang mo mekgatlhong ya boitekanelo ya lefatshe le pitso ya go latlha mekgwa ya kumo ya dikgetshe tsa go beela tsa tlwaelo di ne tsa isa kwa thutong ya patlisiso eno. Maikaelelo a thuto eno ke go tlhomamisa gore tsadiso ya kgabaganyo ya dilo tse pedi kgotsa go feta go tshwantshanya kgolagano ya mofuta wa dijene le tikologo tse di tletseng tsa (4 x 4) tsa Potchefstroom Koekoek (PK), Naked Neck (NN), Lohmann Brown (LB) le White Leghorn (WL) di na le ponalo mo tiragatsong ya kumo, diparametera tsa mae, le dijene le diponagalo tsa kgolagano ya mofuta wa dijene le tikologo tsa ditsadiso tsa kgabaganyo tsa ngwana wa F1. Thuto e ne ya diragadiwa kwa Agricultural Research Council (ARC) le Tokafatso ya Kumo ya Diruiwa kwa khempaseng ya Irene, e e agilweng bokana ka 25 km jwa borwa jwa Pretoria. Ditsadiso tsa kgabaganyo tsa dilo tse pedi kgotsa go feta go tshwantshanya kgolagano ya mofuta wa dijene le tikologo tse di tletseng tsa (4 x 4) di ne tsa dirisiwa mo mefuteng ya ditsadiso tsa dikgogo go ntsha mefuta ya ditsadiso e e tletseng e mene, ditsadiso tsa kgabaganyo tse thataro le dikgabaganyo tse di tshwanang tse thataro. Palo e e tletseng ya dikgogo tse di 352 ka ditiragatso di le 16 (mekoko e le 2 le dithole di le 20) di ne tsa dirisiwa mo letlhakoreng la 1 le dikgogo di le 384 ka ditiragatso tsa F1 di le 16 (mekoko e le 3 + dithole di le 21) di ne tsa dirisiwa mo letlhakoreng la 2. Data e ne ya tshetshereganngwa ka tshetshereganyo ya dintlha tse di tletseng tsa pharologantsho (ANOVA), dikgato tsa General Linear Model le tshwantshanyo ya bontsintsi ya morago (ANOVA), dikgato tsa General Linear Model le tshwantshanyo ya bontsintsi ya morago ga tiragalo ya Scheffe ka mekgwa ya data ya pharologantsho e e farologaneng. Ditlamorago di ne tsa bontsha gore ditsadiso tsa kgabaganyo di na le ponalo mo tiragatsong ya kumo, ga mmogo le diponagalo tsa dijene le setlhopha sa kgolagano ya mofuta wa dijene le tikologo. Go ne ga diriswa mefuta ya ditsadiso tsa kgabaganyo ya F1 tse di tlhagelelang go tswa mo ditsadisong tsa kgabaganyo magareng ga mefuta ya ditsadiso tsa dikgogo tsa PK tsa lebaka la gabedi la selegae le LB ya kgwebo. PKLB e ne ya fekeetsa metlhala ya tiragatso ya kgolo le kumo go tshwantshanngwa le mefuta ya ditsadiso tsa kgabaganyo tse dingwe. Setlhopha sotlhe sa dikakanyo tsa lefela se x farologana mo go bonagalang ka (p < 0.05) le ditlamorago tsa dikakanyo tse tlhano tse tsotlhe tsa thuto eno di ne tsa kganediwa. Kwa bokhutlong, PKLB e ne ya nna mofuta wa ditsadiso tsa F1 o o diragatsang go gaisa, go ikaegilwe ka tiragatso mabapi le kgolo, FCR, tshenyegelo ya go tsadisa, kumo, boleng jo bo kwa godimo jwa dikgapetla tsa mae tse di babalesegileng, bokgoni jwa ikonomi le boikgethelo jwa modirisi (dikgapetla tsa mae tse di tshetlha le mmala wa tlhae).
Agriculture and Animal Health
Ph. D. (Agriculture)
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Nagesha, N. "Energy Efficiency And Economic Performance In Small Scale Industry Clusters : An Analysis Of Influencing Factors, Barriers And Drivers." Thesis, 2005. http://etd.iisc.ernet.in/handle/2005/1417.
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Petersen, John N., and Sven Spieker. "Size, Value and Momentum in Frontier Markets : Testing for Fama-French-Carhart Factors and Market Efficiency in Frontier Markets." Thesis, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-45172.
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As more and more investors look to diversify their portfolios further, their attentions have moved past emerging markets in recent years, towards the so-called frontier markets. Frontier markets are less developed and liquid than emerging markets but offer tremendous opportunities for investors willing to allocate capital into them. This thesis will look into the applicability of global, as well as Frontier Fama-French-Carhart four-factor models within these markets and what the consequences are in terms of the efficient market hypothesis. The factor models will try to explain returns based on Size, Value and Momentum, as the literature has shown that asset pricing models tend to have difficulties explaining these strategies. Our findings indicate that Global Fama-French factors do partially explain long-only returns, yet Frontier Fama-French-Carhart factors appear more suitable. However, the results indicate that there is a factor missing in Frontier Fama-French-Carhart factors, which could explain the excess returns. Moreover, as we did not find statistically significant and positive intercepts for all applied Momentum strategies against the Frontier and Global Fama-French-Carhart factors (not even in the robustness test), we cannot reject the weak efficient market hypothesis. However, dollar-neutral Size and Value strategies (also the combined portfolio with dollar-neutral Momentum) seem to consistently outperform Frontier and Global factors.
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Kokkonen, Joni. "Examining the relationship between time and factor anomaly returns." Master's thesis, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.14/29043.
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By examining the return characteristics of 10 different, long minus short, accounting-based anomaly portfolios, we find that a portfolio that rebalances daily, based on either 10-K or 10-Q releases, is optimal when transaction costs are low (around 2% or less) and the anomalies are robust, with a 4.5% annualized return differential being created versus a yearly rebalance. However, when that is not the case, we find that a yearly rebalancing is best. Furthermore, we determine that no other common rebalancing periods (such as weekly) should be used as they consistently fail to outperform either the daily or yearly ones. We also find a significant clustering of anomaly returns around the release of 10-K and 10-Q financial statements, primarily up to 15 days, corroborating theories connecting news releases to anomaly returns. Nonetheless, we find anomaly returns to still be consistently present up to 365 days after a financial statement release, opposing the idea of fast market responses to information and large clustering. Overall, there appears to be a connection between anomaly returns and time considerations that warrants further study.Ao examinar os retornos gerados por 10 portfólios de anomalias baseados em factores contabilísticos, e que são “long” menos “short”, concluí-se que um portfolio que faça rebalanceamento de forma diária, com informação de um formulário10-K ou 10-Q, tem uma desempenho melhor que um que faça o mesmo, mas anualmente, quando os custos de transacção são baixos (por volta de 2%) e as anomalias são robustas (com uma diferença, média anual, de retornos de 4.5% entre um e o outro). Nas situações em que isto não acontece, o rebalanceamento anual é superior. Para além disso, concluí-se que nenhum outro método de rebalanceamento comum (como por exemplo, semanalmente) deve ser usado, pois não demonstram um desempenho melhor que o método diário ou anual. Nesta análise, também encontramos evidência de um agrupamento de retornos de anomalias à volta da disponibilização de informação (para os formulários 10-K ou 10-Q), particularmente até 15 dias após esta ocorrer. O que corrobora as teorias que conectam a disponibilização de informação ao mercado com retornos associados a anomalias. De qualquer modo, verificamos que os retornos de anomalias continuam a ser consistentes até 365 dias após a informação ser disponibilizada, o que contradiz a ideia de um grande nível de agrupamento nos retornos e de uma resposta rápida e eficiente, pela parte do mercado, à nova informação. De forma geral, existe evidência de uma ligação entre retornos de anomalias e tempo que exige maior estudo.
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Aguiar, Diana Isabel Ribeiro. "Measuring the differences in productivities of Nations : a stochastic frontier approach." Master's thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.14/16993.
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It is broadly accepted that differences in efficiency and productivity growth greatly contribute to the enormous differences in income across countries. Inefficiency levels were estimated for a panel of 40 countries, 34 of which are OECD-members and the remaining 6 are emergent economies, for the period of 2001-2011, using a stochastic frontier model based on the Battese and Coelli (1995) time-varying inefficiency model. Environmental variables were found to have an important role in explaining differences in technical efficiencies across countries. In particular, a high contribution of the agricultural sector and of natural resources rents to the economy, impediments to free trade such as tariffs, a bad business environment, a high number of patents, a high level of government debt and the financial crisis contribute negatively to technical efficiency. On the other hand, a good health status and good institutions help countries to be located closer to the frontier. Afterwards, productivity growth was decomposed using the Kumbhakar and Lovell (2000) primal frontier approach. The results showed that differences in TFP growth between developed and developing countries are the main drivers of the differences in the growth rates of GDP per worker, although differences in the factor accumulation also play an important role. Over the 2001-2011, we observed a general improvement in the technical efficiency of countries, which was outweighed by a downward shift in the stochastic production frontier.
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Monteiro, Gustavo Alexandre Rodrigues. "The effects of product market reforms In Portugal: a more productive, more efficient and more resilient economy?" Master's thesis, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/22219.
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This paper assesses the short-term impact of product market deregulation in upstream sectors on the productivity of firms in downstream sectors (i.e. those firms using the output of the reformed sectors as inputs in their production process). Relying on a firm level database for the period 2004-2014 covering all Portuguese firms, we show that the most productive firms (those at the sectoral technological frontier) grasp short-run benefits from these reforms, which are then spread to all other firms via spillover mechanisms. In addition, reforms potentiate the exit of the least productive firms, improving the resource allocation in the economy. Finally, we show that the adoption of product market reforms in upstream sectors leads to a more resilient economy, better equipped to face adverse shocks.
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Lozano, Adolfo. "Analysis of a novel thermoelectric generator in the built environment." Thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2152/ETD-UT-2011-08-4131.
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This study centered on a novel thermoelectric generator (TEG) integrated into the built environment. Designed by Watts Thermoelectric LLC, the TEG is essentially a novel assembly of thermoelectric modules whose required temperature differential is supplied by hot and cold streams of water flowing through the TEG. Per its recommended operating conditions, the TEG nominally generates 83 Watts of electrical power. In its default configuration in the built environment, solar-thermal energy serves as the TEG’s hot stream source and geothermal energy serves as its cold stream source. Two systems-level, thermodynamic analyses were performed, which were based on the TEG’s upcoming characterization testing, scheduled to occur later in 2011 in Detroit, Michigan.
The first analysis considered the TEG coupled with a solar collector system. A numerical model of the coupled system was constructed in order to estimate the system’s annual energetic performance. It was determined numerically that over the course of a sample year, the solar collector system could deliver 39.73 megawatt-hours (MWh) of thermal energy to the TEG. The TEG converted that thermal energy into a net of 266.5 kilowatt-hours of electricity in that year. The second analysis focused on the TEG itself during operation with the purpose of providing a preliminary thermodynamic characterization of the TEG. Using experimental data, this analysis found the TEG’s operating efficiency to be 1.72%.
Next, the annual emissions that would be avoided by implementing the zero-emission TEG were considered. The emission factor of Michigan’s electric grid, RFCM, was calculated to be 0.830 tons of carbon dioxide-equivalent (CO2e) per MWh, and with the TEG’s annual energy output, it was concluded that 0.221 tons CO2e would be avoided each year with the TEG. It is important to note that the TEG can be linearly scaled up by including additional modules. Thus, these benefits can be multiplied through the incorporation of more TEG units.
Finally, the levelized cost of electricity (LCOE) of the TEG integrated into the built environment with the solar-thermal hot source and passive ground-based cold source was considered. The LCOE of the system was estimated to be approximately $8,404/MWh, which is substantially greater than current generation technologies. Note that this calculation was based on one particular configuration with a particular and narrow set of assumptions, and is not intended to be a general conclusion about TEG systems overall. It was concluded that while solar-thermal energy systems can sustain the TEG, they are capital-intensive and therefore not economically suitable for the TEG given the assumptions of this analysis. In the end, because of the large costs associated with the solar-thermal system, waste heat recovery is proposed as a potentially more cost-effective provider of the TEG’s hot stream source.text
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Mergner, Sascha. "Applications of Advanced Time Series Models to Analyze the Time-varying Relationship between Macroeconomics, Fundamentals and Pan-European Industry Portfolios." Doctoral thesis, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-1735-0000-000D-F159-E.
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