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Journal articles on the topic 'Economic efficiency of urban areas'
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1
Lapidus, Azarii, and Dmitry Topchiy. "Redevelopment of urban areas." E3S Web of Conferences 274 (2021): 06002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202127406002.
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In the context of ongoing transformations in society and the globalization of economic relations, the objects of the spatial environment of modern urban areas are also changing. The trend towards redevelopment or re-profiling of the urban environment in the direction of greening and increasing the comfort of living of the urban population is becoming more and more significant. These changes have become popular in a number of large cities in Russia due to the huge rate of population urbanization and the movement from small settlements towards megacities or large population centers. As a result, some of the territories occupied in the past years by the industrial sector, dilapidated production bases, transport hangars, and in some cases, dilapidated residential buildings have turned into modern residential complexes equipped with the necessary infrastructure, playgrounds, shopping centers and other objects of social significance. The article discusses the trend of re-profiling of the territory on the example of the city of St. Petersburg, which has significant capacity in this area. The old city center is saturated with industrial areas that are currently not used for their intended purpose. The needs for residential real estate data are realized by developers who actively repurpose these territories for modern large-scale residential complexes. However, this process is quite time-consuming and requires a lot of design work. At the same time, the re-profiling of the territory should be accompanied by the economic efficiency of these works, an example of the calculation of which is presented in the article.
2
CHERCHУK, LARYSA. "FORMATION OF ECOLOGICALLY ORIENTED URBAN AREAS MANAGEMENT SYSTEM." Economic innovations 20, no. 2(67) (June 20, 2018): 203–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.31520/ei.2018.20.2(67).203-209.
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Topicality. The imperfection of the management of urban planning systems and urban areas, the lack of consideration of the environmental component, leads to deteriorating conditions and quality of life in cities, which necessitates the further development of theoretical and methodological principles of environmental management of urban areas.Aim and tasks. Substantiation of the necessity of formation of ecologically oriented urban areas management system.Research results. The basic problems of functioning of city territories and their management are determined; the necessity of forming a system of ecologically oriented management of urban territories is substantiated; the regulatory-legal and organizational preconditions for improving the management system of urban areas, taking into account the environmental component; the interpretation of the system of ecologically oriented management of urban areas as a set of principles, methods, means, forms and tools for managing the elements of the urban environment and processes that take place in it in order to ensure a high level of quality of the urban environment in general, environmental safety, social attractiveness and economic efficiency in particular; Its subject, object, basic principles, purpose, criteria of efficiency of functioning are specified.Conclusions. The study found that there is a significant deterioration in the quality of the urban environment, which is largely due to the imperfection of the management of the processes of urban development, management of the city economy, social and economic environment of the territory; a significant part of the problems of the functioning of urban areas is associated with ignoring the ecological component of city management; regulatory-legal and organizational preconditions exist for the formation of ecologically oriented urban land management system; the basis of the formation of a system of ecologically oriented management of urban areas, it is necessary to put ecologically-oriented principles, methods, tools and tools that will ensure a high level of quality of the urban environment in general, environmental safety, social attractiveness and economic efficiency.
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Таранова, Анна, Anna Taranova, Наталья Борисова, Natalya Borisova, Александр Борисов, and Alyeksandr Borisov. "TO THE QUESTION ABOUT ECOLOGICAL-ECONOMIC EFFICIENCY OF ENVIRONMENTAL ACTIVITIES IN URBAN AREAS IN THE NEW ECONOMIC ENVIRON." Russian Journal of Management 4, no. 2 (June 25, 2016): 163–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/19815.
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The analysis of aspects of ecological and economic efficiency
in environmental management in urban areas under the
new economic conditions is given. The main task of evaluating
economic efficiency, cost and profit, research, indicators of the
ecological-economic efficiency and address key methods of economic
evaluation of environmental activities identified. the need
to analyse the economic efficiency and its organization, defining
objectives, through which to ensure the conservation and installation
of the dependence of efficiency on different factors also reviewed.
4
Zhuoma, Ga Rang, and Ci Fang Wu. "Study on Intercity Differences of Chinese Urban Economic Efficiency and its Spatial - Temporal Characteristics: Base on 273 Cities at Prefecture Level or above in China." Advanced Materials Research 962-965 (June 2014): 2185–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.962-965.2185.
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This paper measures the urban economic efficiency using the three-stage DEA and analyzes the differences and temporal characteristics of the intercity, based on the data from 273 Cities at Prefecture level or above in China during the period 2002 - 2011. The results indicate that : (1) Urban economic efficiency three-stage DEA estimated was significantly lower than the general DEA, indicating that environmental and random factors have a great impact on urban economic efficiency in China; (2) China's urban economic efficiency intercity difference is very significant, "Bei-Shang-Guang" Metropolitan is a major frontier; (3) Urban economic efficiency intercity difference spatial pattern is very stable, spatial concentration areas of the high efficiency and the low in the study little changed.
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Miner, Mark J., Robert A. Taylor, Cassandra Jones, and Patrick E. Phelan. "Efficiency, economics, and the urban heat island." Environment and Urbanization 29, no. 1 (August 22, 2016): 183–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0956247816655676.
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Economic and societal costs of the urban heat island are considered through the marginal effect of temperature increase on device efficiency and lifespan. Urbanization is virtually synonymous with the mechanization of human comfort systems, and the efficiency of these systems is subject to degradation from the urban heat island. The simplest way to model this degradation is an application of ideal device efficiencies, and the results of such an analysis are presented and considered in this paper. The magnitude of these costs and their avoidance or potential mitigation avenues are the principal topics of the work, and the technical underpinnings of the approach are presented in supplementary material available online. The self-reinforcing nature and economic scale of the urban heat island effect are thus approached from the first principles of thermodynamics and available data on relevant devices and systems. A global perspective on the phenomenon is presented, followed by a case study of the Phoenix, Arizona (US) metropolitan area to demonstrate the scale of these effects. This analysis synthesizes thermodynamic and economic approaches to the health and policy issues of the urban heat island, with particular consideration given to planning for minimization of these effects in low- and middle-income urban areas. This study first estimates the costs borne today by large urban centres, then highlights some of the risks that secondary cities will eventually face – and could potentially mitigate – as they undergo rapid growth and densification.
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Marks-Bielska, Renata, Wiesława Lizińska, Magdalena Wojarska, and Karolina Babuchowska. "Institutional efficiency versus stability of local governments in basic areas of activity: the case of Poland." Equilibrium 15, no. 3 (September 7, 2020): 463–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.24136/eq.2020.021.
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Research background: In the last decade, the importance of institutions in determining economic processes and the economic growth is increasingly emphasized. Only a few papers deal with the efficiency of institutions, especially at a local level. Thus, a question arises whether the local authorities, in their pursuit of performing the assigned tasks, make every effort to attain a high level of efficiency?
Purpose of the article: The aim of the paper was to determine the relationships between institutional efficiency and identified areas of stability achieved by local governments in their basic roles. Supplementary aim of this study was to analyze the relationship between the type of a municipality (urban, rural or mixed urban-rural) and the efficiency and stability of undertaken tasks. A research hypothesis was put forth, assuming that the institutional efficiency of municipal governments depends on the level of stability in basic areas of activity pursued by a given municipality. Supplementary aim of this study was to analyze and assess the relationship between the type of a municipality (urban, rural or mixed urban-rural) and the efficiency and stability of undertaken tasks.
Methods: An accumulated synthetic index of institutional efficiency and partial indices of efficiency in five areas: economic and spatial, financial, administrative, human resources management in municipal offices, provision of social, cultural and educational services, were derived from data acquired from public statistics (Local Data Bank) and from direct investigations conducted in 2015/2016 in 1220 municipalities out of 2479 ones present in Poland. The method for obtaining the index was linear ordering of multi-feature objects.
Findings & Value added: The analyses have confirmed the hypothesis assuming that there is a relationship between the institutional efficiency of local governments and stability of the tasks they performed. These dependences varied in individual provinces of Poland. It is more beneficial for local governments to raise stability by attaining some improvement in these areas where it is low, but not at the expense of those areas where it is high. A specific group of municipalities consisted of urban-rural communities. Their complex and diverse structure must meet the challenge of performing their tasks in specific conditions (urban and rural areas).
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Skolnik, Jonathan, and Richard Schreiner. "Benefits of Transit in Small Urban Areas: A Case Study." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1623, no. 1 (January 1998): 47–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1623-07.
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Although the value of transit subsidies is debated at the national level, local decision makers must decide whether it is economically worthwhile to operate transit given the federal and state subsidies currently in place. This issue is examined with respect to a recent study of the economic impacts of the Housatonic Valley Regional Transit District (HART) based in Danbury, Connecticut. The study methodology combined several recently developed benefit classification systems and benefit estimation methodologies. Like many similar studies, the methodology compares current service with the null hypothesis, the discontinuation of transit services. A survey of transit patrons was conducted to examine trip purpose, economic expenditures, and alternatives to HART services. The cost and benefits of local public transportation are examined and quantified. Issues include costs for transit users switching to alternative modes, economic and social costs of forgone trips, accidents, air pollution, congestion, and HART employment, purchases, and capital expenditures. This analysis indicates that publicly operated transit provides significant benefits to a local community compared with costs contributed by the community. The methodologies could be employed using a state or federal perspective to examine the economic efficiency of the transit funding decisions made at those levels of government.
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Gago-Cortés, Carmen, and Isabel Novo-Corti. "Sustainable development of urban slum areas in northwestern Spain." Management of Environmental Quality: An International Journal 26, no. 6 (September 14, 2015): 891–908. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/meq-06-2014-0095.
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Purpose – The persistence of shanty towns in cities is a major public issue due to the situation of poverty and abandonment of its inhabitants. Despite public authorities are concerned about this serious issue, they often fail to address suitably the problem due to their short-term goals. The purpose of this paper is to assess the public policies and green economy projects to improve the quality of life of people living in shanty towns in northwest Spain from the point of view of sustainable development and the interaction between social, economic and environmental areas. Design/methodology/approach – A systemic causal diagram is proposed for the empirical analysis. It has been contrasted through the study of the various actions undertaken in some shanty towns in Spain. Semi-structured interviews were conducted to complement this analysis. Findings – As a result, the study shows that the actions should not only be limited to providing access to adequate housing, but should also require more extensive cross-cutting projects. In this, green economy policies are shown as a good choice for improving the quality of life and development of the population. Originality/value – The study highlights the potential of green economic policies to mitigate environmental problems in slum areas and to support the social and economic development of its inhabitants. This paper provides some lines of action to improve the efficiency of public policies implemented in these cases. Thus, benefits in multiple areas such as social, environmental and urban could be generated.
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Vyzhva, S., V. Onyshchuk, I. Onyshchuk, M. Reva, and O. Shabatura. "GEOPHYSICAL STUDY OF FLOODING OF URBAN CONGLOMERATES AREAS." Visnyk of Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv. Geology, no. 4 (91) (2020): 6–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/1728-2713.91.01.
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The article is dedicated to using of thegeophysical study of flooding of urban conglomerates areas. The studies were performed within the framework of three stages of exploration of flooding area:reconnaissance-methodical, detailed and monitored ones. The most effective principles of the geophysical mapping of flooding area with geoelectrical horizontal section in depth, creation of geological and geophysical model of the upper part of the section are described. This approach made an assessment tool for classification of the flooding-prone urban areas (on example of flooding area of the Expocenter of Ukraine territory, Kyiv). It is important to note that there is no universal set of geophysical methods for the study of flooding of urban area. This point must be taken into account when choosing the proper geophysical method, elimination of the effects of physical differentiation of soils and economic efficiency of the chosen complex of geophysical methods.
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Filatov, Vladimir, Grigory Yazev, and Oksana Sagina. "Revitalization of urban areas on the basis of industrial parks." MATEC Web of Conferences 170 (2018): 01130. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201817001130.
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The issues of revitalization of urban areas on the basis of industrial parks at the present stage are considered in this paper. The development of a new service industry of territorial development - industrial parks – has started in Russia less than 10 years ago and gradually acquires a systemic character. The issues of revitalization of urban areas are extremely relevant for many Russian cities. In the conditions of the necessity to search for new drivers for the economic growth of cities, to improve the quality of the urban environment, to increase the efficiency of the use of urban areas, an important task of finding and elaborating of innovation models for the development of industrial zones arises. A rich experience of reforming such areas has been accumulated in the world practice.
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Gimbatov, Magomed. "SOCIO-ECONOMIC EFFICIENCY OF AQUACULTURE DEVELOPMENT IN REPUBLICS OF DAGESTAN." Fisheries 2020, no. 2 (April 13, 2020): 81–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.37663/0131-6184-2020-2-81-86.
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The article considers the potential of Dagestan aquaculture (with trout as case study) to increase the level of social and economic development of rural areas of the republic. An economic analysis of the prospects for the development of forestry was carried out taking into account the territorial features of the Republic of Dagestan. The study shows that the socio-economic effect of the trout farming development in Dagestan can be considered as particularly significant. Its successful implementation will accelerate the solution of the following problems of the republic:
- Increase of self-sufficiency of the population, fish products of own production, with fresh and high quality; - Increased consumption of fish products per capita, especially in rural areas; - Expansion of the tax base and increase of cash receipts, in the form of taxes and other payments to the budget and extrabudgetary funds at all levels; - Creation of a significant number of new jobs in rural areas and, as a result, the reduction of rural migration to urban areas; - The revival of fish processing plants; - Increased production of environmentally friendly food products in the region.
The results of the study can be used in the development of the Rural Development Strategy of the region. Sustainable and large-scale development of aquaculture (fish farming) will bring the economy of the area to a higher level and make a significant contribution to improving the well-being of the rural population of the Republic of Dagestan.
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Karpova, N. V., and D. K. Chesheva. "Implementation of information support mechanism for proactive management of urban ecosystem development." Economy and ecology of territorial educations 4, no. 4 (2020): 13–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.23947/2413-1474-2020-4-4-13-19.
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The formation of information systems within the framework of ecological and economic support of urban-ized territories creates favorable conditions for justifying the harmonious state of the natural environment in urban conditions. Therefore, the development of information bases of ecological and economic orientation allows us to provide favorable conditions for the effective development of urban areas. In addition, the introduction of digital technologies will significantly improve the quality of architectural and planning solutions while achieving high environmental and economic efficiency of urbanization.
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Yao, Mengchao, and Yihua Zhang. "Evaluation and Optimization of Urban Land-Use Efficiency: A Case Study in Sichuan Province of China." Sustainability 13, no. 4 (February 6, 2021): 1771. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13041771.
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In the recent 10 years, China’s housing prices and land prices have risen rapidly, resulting in precious land resources, thus restricting the development of the cities. How to effectively measure urban land-use efficiency and how to optimize it has become a stumbling block on the road of sustainable development in China. This article focuses on the vital province in southwest China—Sichuan Province, which is facing the problem of insufficient land-use efficiency and uses the data of 32 cities from 2003 to 2018 to carry out the research. Based on the measurement results of urban land-use efficiency in Sichuan Province and its temporal and spatial evolution characteristics, this paper uses the SDM model to verify that the land-use efficiency can be optimized from the three aspects of innovation, industrial structure, and economic connections. The conclusion shows: (1) There is a weak decoupling relationship between urban land use and economic development in Sichuan Province. The urban land-use efficiency has the characteristics of polarization of more than two ends and less in the middle, but the gap is gradually reduced; (2) Time series level, urban land-use efficiency in various regions is increasing, and potential benchmark technology progress is the main reason for the increase; (3) At the spatial distribution level, urban land-use efficiency has spatial autocorrelation, forming an obvious “center-periphery” distribution pattern; (4) Innovation, economic connection, and industrial structure optimization can promote the improvement of land-use efficiency, and economic connection has a positive spillover effect on the land-use efficiency of surrounding areas. Accordingly, this study puts forward some targeted suggestions on improving urban land-use efficiency in Sichuan Province.
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Saucedo Martinez, Jania Astrid, Abraham Mendoza, and Maria del Rosario Alvarado Vazquez. "Collection of Solid Waste in Municipal Areas: Urban Logistics." Sustainability 11, no. 19 (October 1, 2019): 5442. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11195442.
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A sustainable process satisfies the current needs without compromising the ability of future generations to satisfy their own needs; that is, it must have a triple impact (sustainability): social, economic, and environmental. In México, there are several services that the government must provide to society for its proper development, for example, the collection of solid waste. Urban logistics include all the processes and operations that provide a service to the community, such as water, safety, health, waste collection, etc., providing the service with the lowest possible cost (economic, social, and environmental) that contributes to the sustainability of the city. Due to the accelerated growth of the world population, several environmental problems have arisen, among them, the generation of solid waste in important quantities; their proper management is relevant for adequate development of the population. The collection of solid waste in municipal areas aims to grant green spaces and recreation areas for the citizens. Although an outstanding effort has been made by the government to provide an adequate service, there are still gaps in the application of correct tools that guarantee efficiency in operations and continuity in services. This article presents a proposal to improve the planning of the design of territories for the cleaning, weeding, and collection of solid waste in municipal areas, using two MILP (Mixed Integer Linear Programming) models. The main contribution of the adaptation of this model is the application to the weeding and waste collection service municipality of the Monterrey Metropolitan Area, which considers important factors among which are the amount of waste, frequency, and service coverage.
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Lucertini, Giulia, and Gianmarco Di Giustino. "Urban and Peri-Urban Agriculture as a Tool for Food Security and Climate Change Mitigation and Adaptation: The Case of Mestre." Sustainability 13, no. 11 (May 26, 2021): 5999. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13115999.
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Urban and peri-urban areas are subject to major societal challenges, like food security, climate change, biodiversity, resource efficiency, land management, social cohesion, and economic growth. In that context, Urban and Peri-urban Agriculture (UPA), thanks to its multifunctionality, could have a high value in providing social, economic, and environmental co-benefits. UPA is an emerging field of research and production that aims to improve food security and climate change impact reduction, improving urban resilience and sustainability. In this paper, a replicable GIS-based approach was used to localize and quantify available areas for agriculture, including both flat rooftop and ground-level areas in the mainland of the city of Venice (Italy). Then, possible horticultural yield production was estimated considering common UPA yield value and average Italian consumption. Climate change mitigation, like CO2 reduction and sequestration, and climate change adaptation, like Urban Flooding and Urban Heat Island reduction, due to the new UPA areas’ development were estimated. Despite the urban density, the identified areas have the potential to produce enough vegetables for the residents and improve climate change mitigation and adaptation, if transformed into agricultural areas. Finally, the paper concludes with a reflection on the co-benefits of UPA multifunctionality, and with some policy suggestions.
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Huang, Ke, Martin Dallimer, Lindsay C. Stringer, Anlu Zhang, and Ting Zhang. "Does Economic Agglomeration Lead to Efficient Rural to Urban Land Conversion? An Examination of China’s Metropolitan Area Development Strategy." Sustainability 13, no. 4 (February 12, 2021): 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13042002.
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Urbanization involves expansion of the amount of land covered by urban uses. Rural to urban land conversion (RULC) can satisfy demand for the additional space that growing cities require. However, there can be negative consequences, such as the loss of productive agricultural land and/or the destruction of natural habitats. Considerable interest therefore exists among policy makers and researchers regarding how the efficiency of RULC can be maximized. We used the Gini index and a data envelopment analysis to quantify the relationship between RULC and economic development for 17 metropolitan areas in China. We did this from two perspectives: (i) coordination; and (ii) efficiency. We found that economic agglomeration fosters the coordination of the amount of rural land that is allocated to be converted to urban uses. Similarly, economic agglomeration increases the efficiency of RULC in terms of the processes of socio-economic production. Through production technology innovation and readjustment in the scale of input factors, the productive efficiency of RULC can be promoted. Our findings suggest a need to strictly limit the amount of RULC, design differential land management policies according to location and development level, and adjust RULC allocation between different cities. Further, in harnessing the potential of intensive urban land use and restructuring, production factors, including land, can be enhanced through technological innovation. Research presented in this paper provides insights for areas of the world which are yet to undergo the rapid urbanization that China has experienced, but where it is projected to occur over the coming decades.
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Alonso, Andrea, Andrés Monzón, and Rocío Cascajo. "Measuring Negative Synergies of Urban Sprawl and Economic Crisis over Public Transport Efficiency." International Regional Science Review 41, no. 5 (January 24, 2017): 540–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0160017616687361.
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Sustainable urban mobility requires accessible and demand attractive public transport (PT) networks. However, urban sprawl has been the main characterizing growth pattern of European cities since 1950. In these increasingly dispersed cities, PT is facing increasing problems of efficiency to compete with cars. The sprawling cities are dominated by car use, especially in the peripheral areas. Moreover, Europe is still reeling under the financial crisis, which first hit the continent in 2007. In this context of economic crisis, the lack of financing resources and the declining demand for PT have further weakened the PT systems in European cities. This study considered the urban PT systems of six Spanish cities in order to determine their evolution over the last ten years. This evolution is examined in the backdrop of urban sprawl and economic crisis. The analysis is based on several indicators meant to measure PT demand, supply, and efficiency. The study shows how did each city react to the lack of resources and trip reduction during the economic crisis, by adopting different PT management strategies. The differences in reaction produced different results, but none of the cities could avoid the loss of PT efficiency. The results indicate that policy strategies need to include land use and transport measures to achieve more sustainable PT systems. Only integrated strategies could improve PT efficiency and quality levels and contribute toward increasing competitiveness of PT, even in adverse contexts.
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Huang, Jing, and Dongqian Xue. "Study on Temporal and Spatial Variation Characteristics and Influencing Factors of Land Use Efficiency in Xi’an, China." Sustainability 11, no. 23 (November 25, 2019): 6649. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11236649.
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China’s urban land use has shifted from incremental expansion to inventory eradication. The traditional extensive management mode is difficult to maintain, and the fundamental solution is to improve land use efficiency. Xi’an, the largest central city in Western China, was selected as the research area. The super-efficiency data envelopment analysis (DEA) model and Malmquist index method were used to measure the land use efficiency of each district and county in the city from the micro perspective, and the spatial-temporal change characteristics and main influencing factors of land use efficiency were analyzed, which not only made up for the research content of urban land use efficiency in China’s underdeveloped areas, but also pointed out the emphasis and direction for the improvement of urban land use efficiency. The results showed that: (1) The land use efficiency of Xi’an reflected the land use intensive level of the underdeveloped areas in Western China, that is, the overall intensive level was not high, the gap between the urban internal land use efficiency was large, the land use efficiency of the old urban area and the mature built-up area was relatively high, and the land use efficiency of the emerging expansion area and the edge area was relatively low. (2) Like the eastern economically developed areas, the land use efficiency of western economically underdeveloped areas was generally on the rise, while Xi’an showed the U-shaped upward evolution characteristics, and there were four types of changes in the city, that is, highly intensive, medium intensive, high–medium–low-intensive, and intensive–extensive. (3) Various cities should configure resources and optimize mechanism to improve their land use efficiency based on economic and social development. During the study period, Xi’an showed the law of evolution from the south edge area and the emerging expansion area to the main urban area. (4) The improvement of technological progress was the main contribution factor of the land use efficiency in underdeveloped areas of China, and the low-scale efficiency was the main influence factor that caused low land use efficiency. In future urban land use, efforts should be made to optimize and upgrade technology and strictly control the extensive use of land.
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Balikoev, A. A., O. R. Kozyrev, A. Ch Salbieva, and V. A. Odintsov. "Economic concept of architectural support of construction of mountain objects." Scientific bulletin of the Southern Institute of Management, no. 3 (October 13, 2019): 40–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.31775/2305-3100-2019-3-40-45.
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The article is devoted to the economic aspect of the architectural support of the development of the mountainous areas of the South of Russia. The effectiveness of the development of territories in mountainous terrain depends on the success of combining the principles of designing objects and the state of the environment, especially in the conditions of unique for recreational opportunities depressed regions, for example, the territory “Tagauria” (North Ossetia – Alania), which can become an object of international tourism. The success of the development of mountain areas for industrial and agricultural production is determined by industrial investment projects. The urgency of the task of forming the natural and technogenic risk of mountain areas and solving urban planning tasks based on comprehensive research, one of the criteria of which is the economic efficiency of the object being created, is shown. The mechanism of influence of innovative technologies developed at mining enterprises on the economics of the use of terrestrial resources is formulated. A model is formulated for determining the ecological and economic effect of developing a mountainous area by integrating both aspects. An indicator of the ecological and economic efficiency of the development of a mountain area is given The necessity of introducing into the practice of calculating the effectiveness of architectural support objective criteria is shown. It is shown that the ecological and economic efficiency of the development of territories depends on the integration of innovative methods with traditional methods.
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Wang, Na, and Yongrok Choi. "Challenges for Sustainable Water Use in the Urban Industry of Korea Based on the Global Non-Radial Directional Distance Function Model." Sustainability 11, no. 14 (July 17, 2019): 3895. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11143895.
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Since water stress and industrial water pollution pose a huge threat to South Korea’s sustainable water use, it is an urgent task to assess industrial water green use efficiency (GUEIW). Based on the global non-radial directional distance function (GNDDF) model, this paper calculated GUEIW in 16 Korean local governments from 2006 to 2015 using two decomposition indicators: Economic efficiency of industrial water use (ECEIW) and environmental efficiency of industrial water use (ENEIW). The growth of GUEIW is mainly driven by ECEIW, and subsequent environmental problems are obstacles to achieving green use of Korean industrial water. The regional heterogeneity of GUEIW is so important that the downstream region outperformed the upstream region in all three indicators. The government’s efforts to ensure water quality inhibits industrial development in upstream areas, where incomes are much lower than in downstream areas, and downstream industrial areas have to pay upstream industrial areas extra for water. However, regarding upstream industrial areas, low prices easily promote water waste. Because of relatively high water use costs, downstream producers are encouraged to save water. To improve the economic efficiency of industrial water use in upstream areas, advanced water technology should be developed or introduced to make full use of water resources in industrial production.
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Duan, Xuzhe, Qingwu Hu, Pengcheng Zhao, Shaohua Wang, and Mingyao Ai. "An Approach of Identifying and Extracting Urban Commercial Areas Using the Nighttime Lights Satellite Imagery." Remote Sensing 12, no. 6 (March 23, 2020): 1029. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs12061029.
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Urban commercial areas can reflect the spatial distribution of business activities. However, the scope of urban commercial areas cannot be easily detected by traditional methods because of difficulties in data collection. Considering the positive correlation between business scale and nighttime lighting, this paper proposes a method of urban commercial areas detection based on nighttime lights satellite imagery. First, an imagery preprocess model is proposed to correct imageries and improve efficiency of cluster analysis. Then, an exploratory spatial data analysis and hotspots clustering method is employed to detect commercial areas by geographic distribution metric with urban commercial hotspots. Furthermore, four imageries of Wuhan City and Shenyang City are selected as an example for urban commercial areas detection experiments. Finally, a comparison is made to find out the time and space factors that affect the detection results of the commercial areas. By comparing the results with the existing map data, we are convinced that the nighttime lights satellite imagery can effectively detect the urban commercial areas. The time of image acquisition and the vegetation coverage in the area are two important factors affecting the detection effect. Harsh weather conditions and high vegetation coverage are conducive to the effective implementation of this method. This approach can be integrated with traditional methods to form a fast commercial areas detection model, which can then play a role in large-scale socio-economic surveys and dynamic detection of commercial areas evolution. Hence, a conclusion can be reached that this study provides a new method for the perception of urban socio-economic activities.
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Guo, Kaihua, Mingfu Guan, and Dapeng Yu. "Urban surface water flood modelling – a comprehensive review of current models and future challenges." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 25, no. 5 (May 27, 2021): 2843–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-2843-2021.
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Abstract. Urbanisation is an irreversible trend as a result of social and economic development. Urban areas, with high concentration of population, key infrastructure, and businesses, are extremely vulnerable to flooding and may suffer severe socio-economic losses due to climate change. Urban flood modelling tools are in demand to predict surface water inundation caused by intense rainfall and to manage associated flood risks in urban areas. These tools have been rapidly developing in recent decades. In this study, we present a comprehensive review of the advanced urban flood models and emerging approaches for predicting urban surface water flooding driven by intense rainfall. The study explores the advantages and limitations of existing model types, highlights the most recent advances, and identifies major challenges. Issues of model complexities, scale effects, and computational efficiency are also analysed. The results will inform scientists, engineers, and decision-makers of the latest developments and guide the model selection based on desired objectives.
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Jalilov, Shokhrukh-Mirzo, Yun Chen, Nguyen Hong Quang, Minh Nguyen Nguyen, Ben Leighton, Matt Paget, and Neil Lazarow. "Estimation of Urban Land-Use Efficiency for Sustainable Development by Integrating over 30-Year Landsat Imagery with Population Data: A Case Study of Ha Long, Vietnam." Sustainability 13, no. 16 (August 7, 2021): 8848. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13168848.
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Humans are moving into urban areas at an accelerated pace. An increasing urban population fuels urban expansion and reduces nearby agricultural lands and natural environments such as forests, swamps, other water-pervious areas. Unsustainable development creates a disproportion between the growth of urban areas and the growth in urban population. The UN SDG indicator 11.3.1 specifically addresses the issue of the measurement of land-use efficiency. While the metric and methodology to estimate the indicator are straightforward, it faces problems of data unavailability and inconsistency. Vietnam has a record of tremendous economic growth that has translated into more urban settlements of size. Consequently, rural population movement into urban areas has led to many urban sustainable planning and development challenges. In the absence of previous work on estimating land-use efficiency in Vietnamese cities, this study makes the first attempt to examine land-use efficiency in Ha Long, one of the country’s fast-growing cities in recent decades. We mapped land use from high-resolution Landsat imagery (30 m) spanning multi-decadal observations from 1986 to 2020. An advanced machine learning approach, the Support Vector Machine algorithm, was applied to estimate the built-up area, which, by integration with census data, is essential for calculating SDG indicator 11.3.1. This study shows that the land-use efficiency metric was positive but small at the beginning of the considered period but increased in 2000–2020. These results suggest that before 2000, the urban land consumption rate in Ha Long was lower than the population growth rate, implying denser urban land use. The situation changed to the opposite when the urban land consumption rate exceeded the population growth rate in the past two decades. The study’s approach is applicable to regional and district levels to provide comparative analyses between cities or parts of a region or districts of the city. These analyses are valuable tools for assessing the impact of local urban and municipal planning policies on urban development.
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Cheng, Yongyi, Tianyuan Shao, Huilin Lai, Manhong Shen, and Yi Li. "Total-Factor Eco-Efficiency and Its Influencing Factors in the Yangtze River Delta Urban Agglomeration, China." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 20 (October 10, 2019): 3814. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16203814.
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Urban agglomerations are not only the core areas leading economic growth but also the fronts facing severe resource and environmental challenges. This paper aimed to increase our understanding of urban eco-efficiency and its influencing factors and thus provide the scientific basis for green development. We developed a model that incorporates super-efficiency, slacks-based-measure, and global-frontier technology to calculate the total-factor eco-efficiency (TFEE) and used a spatial panel Tobit model to take into account spatial spillover effects. An empirical study was conducted utilizing a prefecture-level dataset in the Yangtze River Delta Urban Agglomeration (YRDUA) from 2003 to 2016. The main findings reveal that significant spatial differences exist in TFEE in the YRDUA: high-TFEE cities were majorly located in the coastal areas, while low-TFEE cities were mostly situated inland. Overall, TFEE shows a trend of “decline first and then rise with fluctuation”; the disparity between inland and coastal regions has expanded. Further regression analysis suggests that industrial structure, environmental regulation, and innovation were positively related to TFEE, while foreign direct investment was not conducive to the growth in TFEE. The relationship between population intensity and urban eco-efficiency is an inverted U-shaped curve. Finally, several specific policy implications were raised based on the results.
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Gao, Shuang, Jingwen Zhang, Xiaoqing Mo, and Rong Wu. "Dynamic Evolution of the Operating Efficiency of Development Zones in China." Sustainability 13, no. 18 (September 17, 2021): 10395. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su131810395.
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The efficient development of Economic and Technological Development Zones (ETDZs) across China has been key to the country’s economic transformation. Despite this, few studies have addressed the dynamic characteristics of the efficiency of ETDZs. Taking China’s 115 national ETDZs established before 2010 as the research sample, this study measures the comprehensive operating efficiency of ETDZs and identifies dynamic characteristics of that efficiency throughout the period 2011–2017, using a three-stage data envelopment analysis (DEA) model and the Markov method. This research also explores the relationship between the operation efficiency of ETDZs and urban economic development. The results indicate that the operating efficiency of national ETDZs was generally low, and subject to a downward trend over the study period; the efficiency of ETDZs in the western region was found to be higher than that in the central and eastern areas. It was found that operating efficiency was stable in terms of the types of transfer witnessed, and the results emphasize the difficulty of achieving leapfrog development in a relatively short time. In addition, medium-high coupling coordination was detected in the relationship between urban social and economic development and the operating efficiency of ETDZs. When the operating efficiency of the ETDZ was high, this coupling coordination improved significantly. Finally, most of China’s ETDZs remain in a factor-driven stage in their development, with their expansion occurring at the expense of efficiency. Based on these results, this paper suggests that the government should pay greater attention to the overall efficiency and growth quality in the sustainable development of the country’s ETDZs.
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Andreeva, Ludmila, and Ivan Muzykin. "MODERN ARRANGEMENT OF PARKING SPACE ON TRANSFER HUBS FROM THE VIEWPOINT OF UTILIZATION EFFICIENCY OF URBAN AREAS." Bulletin of scientific research results, no. 1 (March 17, 2017): 7–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.20295/2223-9987-2018-1-7-17.
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Objective: To analyze the efficiency of building multilevel automated garages on transfer nodes, to reveal problems, connected with normative-technical control of automated parking design. Methods: The comparison of fixed and variable costs on construction and maintenance of different types of multilevel parking – automated and ramp, built-in and detached, underground and located at ground level, consideration of foreign and long-term domestic experience of multilevel parking lots in transfer hubs. Results: The value of transfer hubs in the system of urban and passenger transport was discovered as well as, classification of transfer hubs was specified, from the viewpoint of urban planning, the emphasis was made on the significance of proper arrangement on the territory of transfer hubs, taking into account space economy principle and whether the transfer hub harmoniously fits into urban environment, the spheres of application of different types of car-parks were specified, the advantages of automated car-parks over the conventional flat and multilevel ramp car-parks were revealed, the analysis of costs on construction and maintenance of different multilevel car-parks was carried out, the conclusions were made on the use of automated car-parks in the conditions of transfer hubs, functional area of automated car-parks in transfer hubs was presented as well as the documents, reflecting the normativetechnical control of automated parking design, recommendations were given on implementation of automated parking construction technology in Russia. Practical importance: The obtained conclusions may be applied in the design of transfer hubs in the cities of Russia, especially in restrained urban conditions. The given normative-technical control documents will make it possible to improve automobile parking convenience. Propagation of mechanization and application of intelligence systems in parking facilities will provide considerable economic benefit.
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Patrakeyev, I., V. Ziborov, and N. Lazorenko-Hevel. "METHODS OF EVALUATION OF THE STATE AND EFFICIENCY OF THE URBAN ENVIRONMENT." ISPRS Annals of Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences IV-5/W1 (December 13, 2017): 43–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-annals-iv-5-w1-43-2017.
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Today, humanity is experiencing an "urban age", and therefore issues of good management of energy consumption and energy spent on utilization of waste in cities are becoming particularly acute. In this regard, the working group of the World Energy Council proposed a concept of the "energy balance" of the urban environment. This concept was that the energy produced should cover the energy consumed. Metabolism of the urban environment is so hot and so rarely studied by urban planners. This condition is linked first with the fact that metabolism is nothing more than a network of exchange of physical, energy resources and information. This is the real point of meeting the natural, technological, social, economic processes and their transformation into one another. Metabolism is the most important tool for knowing the real mechanics of the movement of resources in such a complex system as the urban environment. The content of the article is an analysis of significant energy and material flows characterizing the metabolism of the urban environment. We considered in the article a new energy paradigm. This paradigm will help in carrying out research in such areas as reducing the burden on the state of the environment, reducing environmental problems and reducing dependence on fossil fuels. Methods and models of metabolic processes in the urban environment will allow to implement in practice the concept of sustainable development of the urban environment, which is the development of the teaching V. Vernadsky about the noosphere.
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Popov, E. V., K. A. Semyachkov, and K. V. Zhunusova. "Systematization of the smart city civil engineering infrastructure." Regional Economics: Theory and Practice 18, no. 4 (April 15, 2020): 765–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.24891/re.18.4.765.
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Subject. This article explores the basic elements of the engineering infrastructure of smart cities. Objectives. The article aims to systematize theoretical descriptions of the engineering infrastructure of a smart city. Methods. For the study, we used a logical analysis and systematization. Results. The article highlights the main areas of infrastructure development of smart cities. Conclusions. Improving process management mechanisms, optimizing urban infrastructure, increasing the use of digital technologies, and developing socio-economic innovation improve the quality of the urban environment in a digitalized environment. And improving the efficiency of urban planning and security, studying its properties and characteristics, and forming an effective urban information system lead to its functional transformations.
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Xiang, Guocheng, Yunjun Xiong, Jingjing Liu, Shihu Zhong, and Xin Jiang. "How Far Is the Optimal Intercity Distance? Evidence from China." International Regional Science Review 43, no. 4 (August 7, 2019): 344–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0160017619863473.
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Based on the “centripetal force” and “centrifugal force” of the intermolecular distance model in physics, this article establishes a worthwhile and original mathematical model to analyze the influence of the distribution of cities on urban labor productivity. We incorporate the crowding parameter into the local spillover model and demonstrate the existence of the optimal intercity distance. In addition, we estimate the optimal intercity distance for urban economic efficiency by using data from Chinese prefecture-level cities. Judging from the deviation between the actual average distance and the optimal average distance in each region, the cities in the eastern region are overcrowding, and the cities in the central and western regions are too sparse. Findings in this study carry several important policy implications. For areas in the central and western regions with large administrative areas and large populations, it would be appropriate to increase the number of prefecture-level cities and industrial density through industrial transfer and development. This approach is conducive not only to improving the economic efficiency of the central and western cities and reducing the congestion of eastern cities but also to accommodating the radiation effect of the city on rural areas and achieving the goal of common prosperity.
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Semin, Alexander. "DEVELOPMENTAL FEATURES OF NON-URBAN AREAS USING LOCAL PEAT RESOURCES IN A SUSTAINABLE WAY." Humanities & Social Sciences Reviews 8, no. 5 (September 5, 2020): 37–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.18510/hssr.2020.854.
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The purpose of the study: The purpose of the study is to assess the regional potential of the territory enriched with peat resources and to develop strategic directions and mechanisms aimed at its further sustainable and competitive development.
The methodology: Methodology is based on a systematic analysis of socio-economic processes, the use of monographic studies, the use of abstract-logical, economic-statistical, computational-constructive, and expert research methods. The object of the research is the production and social infrastructure of out-of-town territories. The subject of the research is to identify patterns, trends, and features of the formation and functioning of the industrial and social infrastructure of the out-of-town territory.
Main findings: The use of new technological processes and equipment for the processing of peat and mineral raw materials was substantiated scientifically to obtain new composite materials for multipurpose applications. The features of the use of local peat resources in ensuring the development of out-of-town territories were investigated based on a set of scientific approaches. The feasibility and effectiveness of the application of project management for the natural and technogenic complex to ensure multi-criteria optimization of the production and social infrastructure were established.
Applications of this study: The results of this study were tested and implemented within the territory of the Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug-Yugra, which made it possible to develop a strategy for the development of a cluster-type okrug and increase the efficiency of using local peat resources of extra-urban areas.
The novelty (originality) of this study lies in the fact that the conducted research enabled to identify new features of the use of local peat resources in ensuring sustainable development of out-of-town territories, and to develop a strategy of socio-economic development adequate to new challenges of the external environment.
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He, Li, Jian’ge Tao, Ping Meng, Dan Chen, Meng Yan, and László Vasa. "Analysis of socio-economic spatial structure of urban agglomeration in China based on spatial gradient and clustering." Oeconomia Copernicana 12, no. 3 (September 27, 2021): 789–819. http://dx.doi.org/10.24136/oc.2021.026.
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Research background: Previous studies on the economic and social development of urban agglomerations mostly focus on a single primacy comparative analysis and efficiency evaluation. Spatial structure differentiation is an important feature of urban agglomeration. The lack of economic and social analysis on the spatial structure makes it impossible to determine the development positioning of each city in the urban agglomeration, which affects the sustainable economic devel-opment ability of these areas.
Purpose of the article: The objective of the article is to analyze the spatial development law and experience of urban agglomeration, this study explores the practice of economic and population spatial structure of city areas in China. For this purpose, CPUA and its central city Zhengzhou was taken as an example, the spatial gradient structure of example was analyzed.
Methods: Using economic and population data of 32 cities in this region, growth pole theory, and pole-axis theory, the economic and population spatial structure of urban agglomeration, the spatial gradient structure of central cities in urban agglomerations were analyzed with the method of cluster about radiation index.
Findings & value added: (1) In the process of the formation of CPUA, the geo-graphical spatial pattern plays a decisive role in economic and social development. This is an experience from developing countries. (2) CPUA presents a gradient development pattern with Zhengzhou as the center, and economic and social development gradually radiates to the metropolitan area, the core development area, and the character development demonstration area. (3) The economic and social gradients of Zhengzhou, the central city, present the hierarchy rules and characteristics which are driven by the Beijing-Guangzhou-Railway axis and the Longhai-Railway axis. (4) The central city of Zhengzhou still presents insufficient primacy in regional development, which shows that Zhengzhou accounts for 6% of the population of the Central Plains Economic Zone and 14% of GDP, and insufficient agglomeration. Different countries at different stages of economic development have different urban agglomeration development models. The conclusions from China provide new decision-making ideas and methods for spatial structure research and development strategy analysis of urban agglomerations.
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Chang, Yu-Ting, Hai-Long Liu, An-Ming Bao, Xi Chen, and Ling Wang. "Evaluation of urban water resource security under urban expansion using a system dynamics model." Water Supply 15, no. 6 (July 2, 2015): 1259–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2015.092.
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Because of rapid economic development and urbanization, water shortage has become a serious problem in the arid region of China. To investigate urban water resource security, the supply demand pressure of water resources and the urban expansion index were analyzed under different developing scenarios in this paper. Based on the economic data of Urumqi, a typical inland city in the arid area, under the present development scenario from 2011 to 2030, a system dynamics model was constructed to simulate the water resource security. The results show that there will be great influence of urban expansion on water resource security in Urumqi in the future. Water resources are projected to become increasingly scarce if the urban expansion is left unchanged in terms of population, economic growth and water-use efficiency. To find a sustainable method for water resource use, four scenarios of urban expansion were set up based on the sensitive variables. Based on comparison of water consumption under the different scenarios, the harmonize scheme for urban water resource security is the best choice for the development of Urumqi. If the impact of urban expansion on urban water resource security alleviates in the future, the main parameters would have to reach a new standard of water use. Reducing the sewage and increasing the reuse proportion of wastewater are also very important for relieving the stress of water shortage. This research can serve as a reference for water resource allocation and urban planning in arid areas.
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Laffta, Suaad, and Areaj Al-rawi. "Green technologies in sustainable urban planning." MATEC Web of Conferences 162 (2018): 05029. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201816205029.
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The world is facing many environmental and economic problems resulting from rapid urbanization and over-exploitation of available resources as well as due to the dramatic increase of the population and corresponding increases in the number of cities. Technological and industrial development plays a big role in these problems. As a result, the term green technology became as a tool to solve these problems with an orientation towards sustainable development at all levels. , It seems to be very effective tool in modern urban planning which incorporates of all aspects of planning such as infrastructure and industry, energy, telecommunications, transportation and other vital areas in cities. These technologies are environment friendly inventions that often involve - energy efficiency, recycling, safety and health concerns, renewable resources, and more. Green technologies include several forms of technology that help to minimize negative effects on the environment and create new ways to achieve sustainable development. This paper is about green technology and its role in sustainable urban planning, it aims to clarify the most important areas for the application of this technology and the benefits provided by these technologies in improving the lives of the population in cities and a development orientation towards sustainability.
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Lityński, Piotr, and Artur Hołuj. "Urban Sprawl Risk Delimitation: The Concept for Spatial Planning Policy in Poland." Sustainability 12, no. 7 (March 26, 2020): 2637. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12072637.
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Urban sprawl is a process shaping the space of contemporary urban areas. The costs generated by this phenomenon force central and local authorities to adopt and implement a spatial policy limiting those costs. However, there is no method in Polish spatial policy that determines the extent of this phenomenon around cities, and thus identifies the area of intervention. Therefore, the purpose of the article is to propose a method of delimitation of urban areas at risk of urban sprawl. The proposed method of delimitation honors the characteristics of urban sprawl relating to spatial structure, socio-economic processes and efficiency of spatial policy. The method can be useful for conducting spatial policy aimed at reducing costs due to urban sprawl. It particularly pertains to the policy implemented at the central and regional level. Research results indicate that, in most Polish urban areas, delimitations used thus far designate too little of the area around core cities. Although the goals of reducing the negative consequences of urban sprawl are formulated at the level of national spatial policy, the methods of delimitation used thus far do not take into account the specificity of this phenomenon. Underestimating the extent of urban sprawl results in a lack of effectiveness of spatial policy due to the omission of specific areas in public intervention. This particularity is related to the fact that these are usually external areas—the most distant from the core city. These areas have the highest costs for urban sprawl. At the same time, these are areas in the early stages of spatial growth, in which a consistent spatial structure can still be kept while implementing proper spatial policy.
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Zhang, Wenjie, Yuqiang Zhao, Fengcheng Huang, Yongheng Zhong, and Jianwei Zhou. "Forecasting the Energy and Economic Benefits of Photovoltaic Technology in China’s Rural Areas." Sustainability 13, no. 15 (July 28, 2021): 8408. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13158408.
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In recent years, with the rapid development of China’s economy, China’s energy demand has also been growing rapidly. Promoting the use of renewable energy in China has become an urgent need. This study evaluates the potential of solar photovoltaic (PV) power generation on the roofs of residential buildings in rural areas of mainland China and calculates the area that can used for generating energy, the installed capacity, and the power generation, and conducts a comprehensive analysis of the economic benefits of investing in the construction of distributed PV systems in various provinces. The findings unveiled in this study indicate that China still has more than 6.4 billion m2 of rural construction area available for the installation of PV modules. If this is all used for solar power generation, the annual power generation can reach up to 1.55 times the electricity consumption of urban and rural residents for the whole society. Through a comprehensive evaluation of energy efficiency and economic benefits, the Chinese mainland can be divided into three types of resource areas. The three types of resource areas have their own advantages and disadvantages. According to their own characteristics and advantages, we can reasonably formulate relevant policies to accelerate the development of PV system application in rural areas.
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Painter, Deryc T., Shade T. Shutters, and Elizabeth Wentz. "Innovations and Economic Output Scale with Social Interactions in the Workforce." Urban Science 5, no. 1 (February 10, 2021): 21. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/urbansci5010021.
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The COVID-19 pandemic of 2020 fundamentally changed the way we interact with and engage in commerce. Social distancing and stay-at-home orders leave businesses and cities wondering how future economic activity moves forward. The reduction in face-to-face interactions creates an impetus to understand how social interactivity influences economic efficiency and rates of innovation. Here, we create a measure of the degree to which a workforce engages in social interactions, analyzing its relationships to economic innovation and efficiency. We do this by decomposing U.S. occupations into individual work activities, determining which of those activities are associated with face-to-face interactions. We then re-aggregate the labor forces of U.S. metropolitan statistical areas (MSA) into a metric of urban social interactiveness. Using a novel measure of urbanized area, we then calculate each MSA’s density of social work activities. We find that our metric of urban socialness is positively correlated with a city’s per worker patent production. Furthermore, we use our set of social work activities to reaggregate the workforces of U.S. industries into a metric of industry social interactivness, finding that this measure scales superlinearly with an industry’s per worker GDP. Together, the results suggest that social interaction among workers is an important driver of both a city’s rate of invention and an industry’s economic efficiency. Finally, we briefly highlight analogies between cities and stars and discuss their potential to guide further research, vis-à-vis the density of social interactions “igniting” a city or industry.
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Faugère, Louis, Chelsea White, and Benoit Montreuil. "Mobile Access Hub Deployment for Urban Parcel Logistics." Sustainability 12, no. 17 (September 3, 2020): 7213. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12177213.
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Last-mile logistics is an essential yet highly expensive component of city logistics responsible for many nuisances in urban areas. Mobile access hubs are flexible consolidation and transshipment points aiming at creating more sustainable city logistics systems by dynamically using urban space as logistics facilities. In this paper, we examine the potential of mobile access hub deployments for urban parcel logistics by identifying the impact of design parameters on economic and environmental performance. We propose a mathematical modeling framework and an integer program to assess the performance of mobile access hub deployments, and study the impact of a set of design parameters through synthetic cases and an illustrative case inspired from a large parcel express carrier’s operations. Results indicate design flexibility relative to the location of hubs and pronounced advantages in highly variable environments. The illustrative case shows significant savings potential in terms of cost and time efficiency as well as environmental sustainability. It emphasizes a trade-off between operational efficiency and environmental sustainability that can be balanced to achieve global sustainability goals while being economically sound.
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Dhonde, Bhavesh, and Chetan Patel. "IDENTIFYING THE FACTORS INHIBITING RESEARCH ON URBAN FREIGHT TRANSPORT IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES: REVIEW OF STUDIES IN INDIA." Acta logistica 8, no. 1 (March 31, 2021): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.22306/al.v8i1.190.
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Most of the cities in developing countries are found to have non-uniform distribution of urban space, complex land use patterns, mixed traffic conditions, extensive use of non-motorized vehicles and lack of traffic discipline. In comparision to the developed countries, it is more complicated to manage urban freight transport in developing countries due to the lack of sufficient infrastructure, wide socio-economic gaps between urban and non-urban areas and haphazard peripheral developments. Therefore the methods and strategies used to manage urban freight transport in developed countries cannot be directly used for cities in developing countries. It is necessary to devise distinctive solutions to improve the efficieny of urban freight transport in these cities, which may otherwise, inhibit the economic growth of these cities as well as hamper the overall momentum of country’s GDP growth gathered over decades. In recent years some studies focussing on urban freight transport are carried out in India, China and Brazil. This paper reviews urban freight studies carried out for Indian cities. India, world’s second most populous country to China, has 39 cities with a million plus population. Most of its cities are facing problems like congestion and air quality degradation due to inefficient freight movement practices. Review of urban freight studies is carried out based on different parameters influencing efficiency of freight movement. Various challenges and limitations faced by the researchers and administrators are discussed. Based on the review results, suggestions and future scope for research in different aspects of urban freight are presented in the paper.
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SINGH, SURENDRA. "Are large urban areas sustainability champions?: A Double Delinking Analysis of Environmental Performance of Global Cities." Journal of Global Economy 15, no. 4 (December 29, 2019): 205–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1956/jge.v15i4.594.
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The aim of the present study is to investigate the relationship between both city size and welfare or prosperity on the one hand, and environmental-climatological outcomes on the other hand. This will be done by examining this intriguing relationship for a sample of 40 large cities in our world (with different size categories and located in countries with different welfare levels). Based on detailed statistical data on a multiplicity of relevant characteristics of these cities (stemming from the GPCI metropolitan data base of the Mori Memorial Foundation (2016)), we have used a super-efficient Data Envelopment Analysis (SE- DEA) to analyse the relative economic-environmental efficiency outcomes of distinct classes of global cities, so as to test the above mentioned double proposition, coined here double delinking or the double Kuznets curve phenomenon.
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Jańczuk, Lech. "Współpraca gmin obwarzankowych na płaszczyźnie gospodarczej. Zarys problemu." Rocznik Instytutu Europy Środkowo-Wschodniej 18, no. 4 (December 2020): 247–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.36874/riesw.2020.4.11.
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There are “urban-rural municipalities” in Polish administration nomenclature. They are territorial units where urban and rural areas have one name and one local government. There are also urban and rural municipalities that have one name but different local governments. That neighborhood of municipalities in Polish may be described as “municipalities bagel”. The aim of this article was to investigate whether and to what extent the “municipalities bagel” cooperate (coordinate) the exercising public tasks on the economic level. The article attempts to verify the research hypothesis: in “municipalities bagel” there is a lack of coordination of the exercising public tasks”. The research method was a diagnostic survey in which the questionnaire was conducted. In December 2019, questionnaire forms were sent to all “municipalities bagel” in Poland. The results of the research indicated a lack of coordination in the performance of public tasks between “municipalities bagel”. The result is a reduction of the efficiency of performance of public duties in such municipalities. The “municipalities bagel” are functionally related areas. This link is characterized by the subordination of the interests of the rural municipality (especially economic). The development of bagel rural communes is determined by the development and cooperation with their urban counterparts.
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SILVA, CRISTINA MENDES, VALTER LÚCIO DE PÁDUA, and JORGE MARTINS BORGES. "CONTRIBUTION TO THE STUDY OF MEASURES FOR THE REDUCTION OF APPARENT WATER LOSS IN URBAN AREAS." Ambiente & Sociedade 19, no. 3 (September 2016): 249–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1809-4422asoc20140010r1v1932016.
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Abstract In Brazil, the average revenue losses of water utilities is around 36%. This value, resulting from high water losses, warns of the need for improvement in the efficiency of service providers, especially as regards the share of apparent losses which can represent more than 50% of total water losses. Focusing on this point, in this study was evaluated the influence of metrological class and the usage time of meters on under-registration, through study on pilot scale and tests in a laboratory scale. Thus, was proven significant reduction of apparent water losses due to the replacement of class B meters by the class C meters, and the economic viability of this investment. Furthermore, discoursed out about the interference of the use of water tanks and about the influence of tariff policy on the financial performance of the utilities and consumption of users.
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Jin, Li, Sun, Zhang, and Zheng. "Factors Controlling Urban and Rural Indirect Carbon Dioxide Emissions in Household Consumption: A Case Study in Beijing." Sustainability 11, no. 23 (November 20, 2019): 6563. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11236563.
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Residential carbon dioxide emissions can be divided into a direct component caused by consumers via direct energy usage and an indirect component caused by consumers buying and using products to meet their needs, with a higher proportion caused by the latter. Based on Beijing panel data for 1993–2012, an economic boom period in China, indirect carbon dioxide emissions were separately calculated for urban and rural households using the consumer lifestyle approach (CLA) model. Then, an extended stochastic impact by regression on population, affluence, and technology (STIRPAT) model was used to analyze the influence from two aspects, social economy, and land use, with high precision. Results indicate that indirect CO2 emissions in Beijing households display a rising trend in urban areas but a slight decrease in rural areas. Technology influences and forest land are, respectively, the most important aspects of the social economy and land use. Higher population and urbanization resulted in enhanced emissions in both urban and rural areas. The Engel coefficient presented a negative correlation with indirect CO2 emissions for both rural and urban areas. Compared with urban areas, the per capita net income of rural areas restrained consumption. The consumption structure of urban residents was more biased toward the tertiary industry than that of rural residents. Although technical progress has proceeded, it cannot offset urban residents’ indirect CO2 emissions caused by the large amount and rapid growth of consumption. Regarding land use, urban construction land net primary productivity (NPP) was high and not an important factor contributing to indirect CO2 emissions. Forest and lawn primarily served a recreational function and exhibited a positive impact. Water and cultivated land offered insufficient production and thus had a negative influence. For rural residents, lawn and cultivated land production is self-sufficient. Forests offer a carbon sequence effect, and construction land expansion increased the proportion of developed area, offering a scale effect that resulted in reduced carbon emissions. Based on the results, alternative carbon emission reduction policies have been proposed for each tested influence aspect to reduce emissions, including policies for optimizing industrialization quality, constructing a medium-density city, increasing space efficiency, encouraging sustainable consumption behavior, and increasing the efficiency of energy utilization.
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Sessa, Maria Rosaria, Benedetta Esposito, Daniela Sica, and Ornella Malandrino. "A Logical-Mathematical Approach for the Implementation of Ecologically Equipped Productive Urban Areas." Sustainability 13, no. 3 (January 28, 2021): 1365. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13031365.
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Sustainability is a complex phenomenon that refers to economic, environmental, and social aspects. Any concept of sustainable urban development must incorporate sectoral concepts; these must be well integrated into the overarching urban, regional, and governance policies. One sectoral policy of great importance is the redevelopment processes of disused industrial areas into Sustainable Industrial Areas (AIS), Ecologically Equipped Productive Areas (APEA), or Eco-Industrial Parks (EIP). These territories, as socioeconomic systems that are being observed in the framework of the development of sustainability monitoring, are complex objects for evaluation due to the presence of a large number of interconnections between the constituent elements and hierarchical levels (sectors and spheres). For this reason, it is necessary that a new interpretation of economical, natural, and social phenomena, following a systemic and integrated approach, is able to reinterpret them for the dissemination of an ecologically and socially sustainable economy. The purpose of this work is to analyse the state of realisation of APEA on the Italian national territory, in order to understand the real benefits of production areas managed through eco-efficiency standards and to guarantee an integrated management system of environmental aspects. An additional aim is to consider a logical-mathematical model that would be able to support territorial policies in the identification of suitable areas to be converted into APEA, in order to promote sustainable development of the territory.
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Beccali, Marco, and Marina Bonomolo. "Special Issue “Smart Urban Lighting Systems”." Applied Sciences 10, no. 10 (May 24, 2020): 3627. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10103627.
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The design and operation of multifunctional infrastructures for public lighting as well as their impact on the urban environment and citizens’ life is today of great interest. The cost of energy for public lighting is often an issue for the budget of municipalities. Furthermore, researchers’ and designers’ attention is increasingly focused on aspects of public lighting not directly valuable through economic factors. Starting from the “quality” of the light environment, looking at citizens’ visual comfort, the light has to be considered as an instrument to improve the urban context and objects therein (including buildings). Indeed, urban degradation (lack of infrastructures, maintenance, services, etc.) is linked to the poor quality of everyday issues, such as traffic, pollution, noise, lack of information, long times to access focal points, and the lack of safety. Simultaneously, in many areas, the potential related to the valorization of historical heritage is often underexploited. The installation of efficient lighting systems coupled with the implementation of ICT solutions can provide economic, social, and health benefits, energy efficiency, and visual comfort. On the other hand, as for indoor lighting, these systems can be expensive, not easy to maintain, and not as efficient as expected. The aim of this Special Issue was to investigate the problems and advantages of smart urban lighting systems in more detail. This Special Issue included 6 papers of the 10 submitted papers.
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Hong, Seok In, and Won Jik Yang. "Development of a Partial Repair Process for Sewer Lines to Prevent Ground Subsidence in Urban Areas." Journal of the Korean Society of Hazard Mitigation 20, no. 4 (August 31, 2020): 43–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.9798/kosham.2020.20.4.43.
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Ground subsidence and pollutant runoff due to old sewer lines have been considered a major urban problem. Accordingly, the central and local governments are continuously making efforts to repair the sewage lines. In this study, an economical sewage line repair method based on glass fiber was developed, and its performance was evaluated. In the case of physical characteristics, it was found that the new method can secure more stability and strength compared to the existing sewer pipe repair method. In addition, it was found that economic efficiency was effectively improved by more than 10% in sewage pipes of 300 mm or more and 28%, which is the maximum value in 900 mm pipes, compared to the existing, similar process. In particular, since 70% of domestic sewer pipes are composed of pipes with a diameter of 300 mm or more, the partial repair method developed through this study is expected to be economically beneficial for sewer pipe repairs in the future.
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Ji, Yunyang, Xiaoxin Guo, Shihu Zhong, and Lina Wu. "Land Financialization, Uncoordinated Development of Population Urbanization and Land Urbanization, and Economic Growth: Evidence from China." Land 9, no. 12 (November 29, 2020): 481. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land9120481.
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In recent years, it has become common practice for Chinese local governments to inject land assets into financing platform companies and use them as mortgage or credit guarantees to obtain bank loans and issue urban investment bonds, which is known as “land financialization”. This study investigates the impact and mechanism of land financialization on the uncoordinated development of population urbanization and land urbanization in China. Theoretical analysis and empirical analysis results based on the data of prefecture-level cities in China from 2006 to 2015 demonstrate that land financialization by local governments is a significant cause of the uncoordinated development of population urbanization and land urbanization, and the pressure of urban economic development will strengthen this negative impact. Extended analysis further reveals that in areas where population urbanization and land urbanization are uncoordinated, land financialization, while promoting urban spatial expansion, will lower land use efficiency and have an inverted U-shaped influence on economic growth due to a weak agglomeration effect. The above conclusion shows that urbanization driven by debt-based investment is unsustainable. Efforts should be made to establish a financialization system that propels sound urbanization and to build a stable input linkage between land financialization and the supply of urban public service.
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Bao, Chao, and Dongmei He. "Scenario Modeling of Urbanization Development and Water Scarcity Based on System Dynamics: A Case Study of Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei Urban Agglomeration, China." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 20 (October 11, 2019): 3834. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16203834.
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Due to the accelerated process of urbanization in China, urban agglomerations have become the core areas for human settlement and economic development. High population and economic density has brought great pressure on water supply. Water scarcity is increasingly becoming one of the most important issues for the sustainable and healthy development of China’s urban agglomerations. In this paper, a system dynamics model was constructed to simulate the current conditions and future scenarios of urbanization development and water scarcity in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH) urban agglomeration in 2000–2030, by examining the interaction and feedback between the six major subsystems: water supply, water demand, water pollution, population urbanization, economic urbanization, and land urbanization. It is found that the South-to-North Water Diversion Project and the improved Reclaimed Water Reuse System may greatly increase the water supply. However, the speed of population urbanization and economic growth, the spatial structure of urban agglomeration and the water consumption pattern may determine the water demand. Although all scenarios may risk water scarcity in the future at some point, we could detect a comprehensive and relatively rational scenario to balance water scarcity, regional equity, and efficiency. It might help to synthetically understand the coordinated development mode between urbanization and water resources in Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH) urban agglomeration, and provide a useful analytical and decision support tool for scientists and policy-makers to achieve the sustainable urbanization development and water resource management.
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Pyzheva, Yulia I., Evgeniya V. Zander, and Anton I. Pyzhev. "Impacts of Energy Efficiency and Economic Growth on Air Pollutant Emissions: Evidence from Angara–Yenisey Siberia." Energies 14, no. 19 (September 27, 2021): 6138. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14196138.
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Environmental problems of urban and rural areas are now high on the agenda of industrialized countries, becoming a key challenge for regional-level policymaking. The mutual influence of population growth, economic and technological development, and the anthropogenic pressure on the environment is still insufficiently studied in many countries, including Russia. In this paper, this relationship is studied for the municipalities of Angara–Yenisey Siberia using an ensemble of the STIRPAT-like regression models, adapted according to the available data. We found that population size and gross municipal product were positively associated with pollutant emissions (p < 0.01), while energy efficiency had no significant impact on air pollution. In addition to the poor national data quality and completeness issues, which can distort statistical conclusions, the cause of the observed lack of spatial correlation between energy efficiency and air pollutant emissions may be path dependence and an insufficient pace of transition to a greener economy. This leaves room for institutional transformations aimed at intensifying energy efficiency to reduce the environmental burden.
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Monardo, Bruno, and Anna Laura Palazzo. "Challenging Inclusivity Urban Agriculture and Community Involvement in San Diego." Advanced Engineering Forum 11 (June 2014): 356–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/aef.11.356.
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In recent years, destiny of cities has proven to be connected to efficiency and resilience of their ‘Green Infrastructures’, related agri-forestry strategies and health and food security policies.Policy-makers are increasingly dealing with such issues by means of specific sectorial measures including food system arrangements for health and sustainability, even in order to preserve fringe areas threatened by urban growth.Across the US, where ‘food deserts’ heavily shape access to fresh, local and healthy food, the growing consumers’ demand is being addressed by Urban Agriculture practices giving new perspectives to blighted zones of the post-crisis cities and tackling social malaise related to the massive migration.The ‘New Roots Community Farm’ in City Heights neighbourhood, San Diego, California, shows an intriguing potential, matching social inclusion and physical-economic redevelopment.
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Fernandes, Manoel Do Couto, André De Souza Avelar, and Ana Luiza Coelho Netto. "Domínios geo-hidroecológicos do maciço da Tijuca, RJ: subsídios ao entendimento dos processos hidrológicos e erosivos." Anuário do Instituto de Geociências 29, no. 2 (January 1, 2006): 122–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.11137/2006_2_122-148.
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Tijuca massif constitute a geomorphologic system, where the replacement of vegetation cover by urban features and grass areas, contribute to change in the hydrological behavior.As a consequence of this change there is an increase of erosion processes by different mechanisms, and in the solid and liquid discharge that can affect lowlands. The understanding of these processes, in a geoecological research above center of interest geomorphologic view requires the interpretation of the elements control them, in structural, functional and dynamic way. This way, the aim at interpreting the transformation processes that occur in this massif, and delimitate the use and covering of the soil that with others structural and functional elements define areas with differents hydrological and erosive results (geo-hydroecological dominions). To define this dominions, it was taken into consideration systematically, the soil use, type and characteristic of the soil, geology and drenage efficiency, using geoprocessing technic and analytic-integrative method. The results show that in the sectors 1, 2 and 5 have dominions that make is inundation in them lowlands. The areas of urbarn ocupation in the sectors 2, 3 e 4 concentrate the landslides, because in this areas occur the bigger drenage efficiency, reflex of higher gradients and density of concave axis. In this way the continuatily will promote a drastic growth of Tijuca massif's erosive processes.