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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Economic environment'
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Гладченко, Оксана Робертівна, Оксана Робертовна Гладченко, Oksana Robertivna Hladchenko, and A. Baranova. "Economic development and environment." Thesis, Видавництво СумДУ, 2008. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/16025.
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Drabo, Alassane. "Health, environment and economic development." Thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011CLF10376/document.
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Cette thèse étudie théoriquement et empiriquement les interrelations entre la santé de la population, la dégradation de l'environnement et le développement économique, ses conséquences pour les pays en développement, et fournit certaines réponses en termes de politique économique. Elle est subdivisée en deux parties. La première partie s’intéresse à la relation entre l’environnement, la santé, et les inégalités. Elle analyse dans un premier temps l’hypothèse selon laquelle la dégradation de l'environnement pourrait être considérée comme un canal supplémentaire par lequel les inégalités de revenu affectent les taux de mortalité infantile et juvénile (chapitre 2). Nos travaux théoriques et empiriques montrent que les inégalités de revenu affectent négativement la qualité de l'air et de l'eau, et cela à son tour dégrade la santé de la population. Par conséquent, la dégradation de l'environnement peut être considérée comme un canal non négligeable à travers lequel les inégalités de revenu influence l’état de santé. Il est ensuite démontré que les émissions de dioxyde de soufre (SO2) et celles des micro-Particules (PM10) sont en partie responsables des grandes disparités dans la mortalité infantile et juvénile au sein des pays pauvres (chapitre 3) .En outre, nos résultats soutiennent l’idée selon laquelle les institutions démocratiques jouent un rôle de protection sociale en atténuant cet effet pour les classes de revenu les plus pauvres et ainsi réduisent les inégalités de santé provoquées par la pollution. La deuxième partie évalue le lien entre la santé, l'environnement et la croissance économique. Le Chapitre 4 évalue l'effet de la santé (charge globale de la maladie, maladies transmissibles et paludisme) sur la croissance économique. Ce chapitre montre que les indicateurs de santé, lorsqu'ils sont correctement mesurés par l'écart entre l'état de santé actuel et une situation de santé idéal où toute la population vit à un âge avancé, indemne de maladie et d'invalidité, et lorsqu’ils sont convenablement instrumentés, ont un impact négatif significatif sur la performance économique. Les conséquences de ces interactions sur la convergence économique des pays pauvres vers leur état régulier, sont théoriquement et empiriquement analysées dans le dernier chapitre. Il en ressort que la dégradation de l'environnement réduit la capacité des pays pauvres d'atteindre leur état régulier, renforçant ainsi notre argument théorique selon lequel l’amélioration de la qualité de l'environnement joue un rôle considérable dans le processus de convergence économique. En outre, la dégradation de la qualité de l'air et de l'eau affecte négativement la performance économique, et l'état de santé demeure un canal important par lequel la dégradation de l'environnement agit sur la croissance économique même si elle n'est pas le seul. L’hypothèse de la courbe environnementale de Kuznets (EKC) est également vérifiée<br>This dissertation investigates theoretically and empirically the interrelationships among population’s health,environmental degradation and economic development, its consequences for developing countries, and someeffective policy responses. The first part explores the association between health, environment, and inequalities. Itfirstly analyzes whether environmental degradation could be considered as an additional channel through whichincome inequality affects infant and child mortality (chapter 2). Theoretical and empirical investigations show thatincome inequality affects negatively air and water quality, and this in turn worsens population’s health. Therefore,environmental degradation is an important channel through which income inequality affects population health. Then,it is shown that sulphur dioxide emission (SO2) and particulate matter (PM10) are in part responsible for the largedisparities in infant and child mortalities between and within developing countries (chapter 3). In addition, we foundthat democratic institutions play the role of social protection by mitigating this effect for the poorest income classesand reducing the health inequality it provokes. The second part is devoted to the link among health, environment,and economic growth. The effect of health (global burden of disease, communicable disease, and malaria) oneconomic growth is assessed in Chapter 4. This chapter shows that health indicators, when correctly measured by thegap between current health status and an ideal health situation where the entire population lives to an advanced age,free of disease and disability, and when accurately instrumented have significant impact on economic performance.The consequences of these interrelationships on the convergence of poor countries towards their steady state aretheoretically and empirically investigated in the last Chapter (chapter 5). It is found that environment degradationreduces the ability of poor countries to reach their own steady state, reinforcing our argument according to whichenvironment quality improvement plays a considerable role in economic convergence process. Moreover, thedegradation of air and water quality affects negatively economic performance, and health status remains an importantchannel through which environment degradation affects economic growth even if it is not alone. The EnvironmentalKuznets Curve (EKC) hypothesis is also verified
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Сабадаш, Віктор Володимирович, Виктор Владимирович Сабадаш, Viktor Volodymyrovych Sabadash, and Теофілус Айінесоне Абулбіре. "Economic decisions in the business environment." Thesis, Сумський державний університет, 2020. https://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/84192.
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У матеріалі розглянуто ключові проблеми прийняття бізнес-рішень в умовах невизначеності і ризиків економічної рецесії<br>В материале рассмотрены проблемы принятия бизнес-решений в условиях неопределённости и рисков экономической рецессии<br>The key problems of business decision-making in the conditions of uncertainty and risks of economic recession are considered in the material
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Lundström, Susanna. "On institutions, economic growth and the environment." Göteborg : Dept. of Economics [Nationalekonomiska institutionen], Handelshögsk, 2003. http://www.handels.gu.se/epc/archive/00002703/01/Lundstrom_avhandl.pdf.
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Cole, Matthew A. "Trade liberalisation, economic growth and the environment." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1998. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/12555/.
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This thesis analyses and quantifies the environmental impacts of trade liberalisation and economic growth. The history and development of the GATT/WTO's treatment of the environment is considered, together with the environmental implications of trade liberalisation in general. The thesis then considers the relationship between economic growth and the environment, particularly since economic growth is often claimed to be an environmentally damaging feature of trade liberalisation. The manner in which economists have treated the relationship between economic growth and the environment is examined and the relationship is then subjected to an empirical investigation. The thesis estimates the reduced form relationship between per capita GDP and a wide range of environmental indicators, using cross-country panel data sets and improves on the traditional methodology for estimating environmental Kuznets curves (EKCs). Results suggest that meaningful EKCs exist only for local air pollutants whilst indicators with a more global, or indirect, impact either increase monotonically with income, or else have predicted turning points at high per capita income levels with large standard errors - unless they have been subjected to a multilateral policy initiative. Two other findings are also made; that concentrations of local pollutants in urban areas peak at a lower per capita income level than total emissions per capita; and that transport generated local air pollutants peak at a higher per capita income level than total emissions per capita. The thesis also estimates the impact of the Uruguay Round of trade negotiations on a wide range of environmental indicators. The impact is estimated in terms of the composition effect and combined scale and technique effects associated with the Uruguay Round. Results suggest that in the developing and transition regions most indicators will increase as a result of the Uruguay Round, whilst in the developed regions three local air pollutants will fall and all others increase. Finally, policy implications are discussed.
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Balatsouka, Aikaterini. "Essays on economic activity and the environment." Thesis, University of Leicester, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/42922.
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This thesis consists of three essays on the nexus between economic activity and the environment and addresses issues such as growth, crime, and environmental quality. Chapter 1 investigates the relationship between human capital accumulation and health damaging pollution. It is shown that global dynamics are featured by a path dependency. There is either cyclical convergence to a low income equilibrium or positive long-run growth with an Environmental Kuznets Curve, depending on the initial conditions with respect to human capital. Also, as far as the evidence is concerned, the model gives an empirically relevant correlation between the volatility of income and the mean value of income. Chapter 2 focuses on a relatively unexplored theme of the economics literature, linking criminal activity and pollution. An emission tax motivates firms to invest in pollution abatement technologies, but at the same time this type of investment is discouraged by the presence of criminal groups, whose main activity is money extortion. It is observed that under certain parameter values, there exists a situation in which a higher crime economy will produce lower output and nevertheless will have higher pollution. In other words, it is proved that crime might be one of the explanatory factors for which countries with lower output (i.e., less developed countries) are more polluted. In the last chapter, we examine the effects of the imposition of a minimum quality standard on firm's quality choices, when the policy maker is at an informational disadvantage regarding the monopolist's cost structure. In this asymmetric information environment, it is shown that if the regulator is outsmarted by the firm's misleading signal, the minimum quality standard will be downward distorted, which might negatively affect social welfare.
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Sieber, Stefanie. "Economic development and the environment : three essays." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2010. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/2393/.
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The main question that motivates my PhD thesis is how economic activity in developing countries is influenced by and, in turn, affects the environment. Since these interactions can take many forms, I investigate this issue from three different angles, which necessitates both the usage of novel remote-sensing-based datasets and the development of a new theoretical framework. Firstly, the environment can have a direct impact on economic development, the most obvious example being natural disasters like cyclones. As the incidence and intensity of these events will increase with climate change, it is crucial to estimate their short- and long-run costs and the behavioural response of producers to these large and mostly uninsured aggregate shocks. I have, thus, created a new digital database of cyclone exposure for India to estimate how farmers smooth income in the aftermath of these events. The causality can also run the other way, as economic agents disrupt the environment. A case in point is deforestation, which is analysed in the co-authored second chapter of my thesis. In particular, we use satellite data to study how political decentralisation has affected district-level logging rates in Indonesia. Possible mechanisms include local election cycles, the move from monopoly to oligopoly or the need to raise revenue in the absence of other natural resources. Finally, the third chapter assesses to what extent the environment can create preconditions for socioeconomic interaction. More specifically, I analyse how the introduction of heterogeneous space into the standard urban Muth-Mills model generates a residential equilibrium where the formal and informal housing markets coexist. This new setup is then used to evaluate the usual policy prescriptions for slums and demonstrates that new insights can be gained by adding the spatial component. This thesis, therefore, explores possible links between the environment and economic development and illustrates the advantages of using methods and data sources from other disciplines.
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Young, Carlos Eduardo Frickmann. "Economic adjustment policies and the environment : a case study of Brazil." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.266120.
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Sutherland, Alan James. "Exchange rate target zones and regime switches in a stochastic environment." Thesis, University of Warwick, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.388081.
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Горбань, Н. "The development of economics and due level of environment. Are they incompatible? (The influence of economic development on the environment)." Thesis, Видавництво СумДУ, 2006. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/21786.
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Somani, Anil Kumar. "Environmental Tax Reform and Economic Welfare." Thesis, Harvard University, 2013. http://dissertations.umi.com/gsas.harvard:10825.
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According to a new study EPI (2012), India has the worst air pollution in the entire world. Given the severe damages caused by air pollution, it is important to explore various options to control air pollution. In chapter 1, I use a computable general equilibrium (CGE) model to show that a Pigouvian tax on the use of fossil fuels with cuts in existing distortionary taxes could have double dividend in India. In addition, the fuel tax policy is also progressive. Alternative Pigouvian tax on output of pollution intensive commodities has a positive effect on economic growth, but it achieves only a modest reduction in air pollution. This tax policy does not have a significant distributive impact.<br>Economics
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Huff, Natasha Clare. "Coronary heart disease and the socio-economic environment." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.339634.
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Liski, Lilia, Antonina Verhun, and Julia Bondarchuk. "Managing the economic security system in unstable environment." Thesis, European Scientific Platform, 2020. https://er.knutd.edu.ua/handle/123456789/16693.
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Vitalis, Carlito John. "Economic activities and their relation with the environment." Thesis, Видавництво СумДУ, 2011. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/10008.
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Evans, Donald C. III. "Measuring Expected Returns in a Fluid Economic Environment." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/9733.
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This paper examines the components of the Capital Asset Pricing Model and the model's uses to analyze portfolios returns. It also looks at subsequent versions of the CAPM including a multi-variable CAPM with the inclusion of selected macro-variables as well as a non-stationary beta CAPM to estimate portfolio returns. A new model is proposed that combines the multi-variable component together with the non-stationary beta component to derive a new CAPM that is more effective at capturing current market conditions than the traditional CAPM with the fixed beta coefficient.
The multi-variable CAPM with non-stationary beta is applied, together with the select macro-variables, to estimate the returns of a portfolio of assets in the oil-sector of the economy. It looks at returns during the period of 1995-2001 when the economy exhibited a wide range of variation in market returns. This paper tests the hypothesis that adapting the traditional CAPM to include beta non-stationarity will better estimate portfolio returns in a fluid market environment.
The empirical results suggest that the new model is statistically significant at measuring portfolio returns. This model is estimated with an Ordinary Least Square (OLS) estimations process and identifies three factors that are statistically significant. These include quarterly changes in the Gross Domestic Product (GDP), the Unemployment Rate and the Consumer Price Index (CPI).<br>Master of Arts
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Dhungel, Tanka Prasad. "Agro-Economic environment and food security in Sikkim." Thesis, University of North Bengal, 2018. http://ir.nbu.ac.in/handle/123456789/3612.
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Feddersen, John Alexander. "Essays in international economics and the environment." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2013. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:aa2b64d1-d4cd-4f8f-b83c-1b1ad435f2ea.
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I consider the influence of foreign environmental policy on domestic manufacturing activity using theory and empirics. A tractable three-country spatial model yields a theory of locational com- parative advantage in the production of pollution-intensive manufactured goods: greater market access to countries with stringent environmental policy encourages output in the polluting sector. Operationalizing the model empirically, I find robust evidence that high market access to countries with stringent environmental policy increases manufacturing value added. Both the theoretical and empirical analyses suggest that estimates of the Pollution Haven Effect that ignore third country environmental policy - yet make the stable unit treatment value assumption - can be misleading. Chapter Two We investigate the impact of short-term weather and long-term climate on self-reported life satisfaction using panel data. We find robust evidence that day-to-day weather variation impacts life satisfaction by a similar magnitude to acquiring a mild disability. Utilizing two sources of variation in the cognitive complexity of satisfaction questions, we present evidence that weather bias arises because of the cognitive challenge of reporting life satisfaction. Consistent with past studies, we detect a relationship between long-term climate and life satisfaction without individual fixed effects. This relationship is not robust to individual fixed effects, suggesting climate does not directly influence life satisfaction. Chapter Three This chapter considers the related policy challenges of deindustrialisation and 'leakage' which can arise when environmental regulation is differentiated across regions. A dynamic two-region 'New Economic Geography' (NEG) model is adopted in which agglomeration forces may make firms tolerant of regulatory disadvantage. Each region ratifies an international environmental agreement (IEA) requiring it to tax transboundary pollution created by local firms. In contrast to previous NEG studies, the model adopted is considerably more tractable, enabling comparative static analysis to be conducted analytically rather than through computer simulation. The model is extended to consider the relationship between the prescribed tax rates and deindustrialisation caused by the relocation of firms. Firm relocation in response to a given tax differential depends crucially on trade costs and the initial location (configuration) of industry. For some industry configurations, agglomeration forces are strong and a set of tax differentials exist which cause no international relocation of polluting firms. For other initial industry configurations in which agglomeration forces are weaker, the same set of tax differentials may cause complete inter-national relocation to the less stringently regulated region. Trade liberalization can actually make industry less likely to relocate in response to a regulatory disadvantage. The model is further extended to consider the issue of carbon leakage, which arises in the regulation of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. For relatively low tax differentials, agglomeration forces create rents which tend to anchor industry in the higher taxing region, avoiding carbon leakage. If the tax differential is too great, however, agglomeration forces cause all firms to relocate to the lower taxing region where they optimally emit more GHGs. Environmental outcomes may therefore be improved by reducing the tax rate in the higher taxing region in order to discourage industry relocation. When industry is diversified between regions, firms respond to higher (lower) relative domestic taxes by increasing (decreasing) output and polluting more (less).
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van, Zyl Johan, Bach Helmke Sartorius von, and Johann Kirsten. "Internal environment: the agricultural sector in Region E." University of Pretoria, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/68792.
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The main purpose of this report is to conduct an analysis with a view to determine the potential role and contribution of agriculture in region E. This report emphasises the agricultural impact in determining an economic development strategy for region E. It is therefore the aim of this report to provide a brief situation analysis and an interpretation of existing problems affecting development. The importance of the sector, implications of the spacial distribution, the structure, potential growth and the policy environment will be addressed. From the above, constraints, bottlenecks, the likely future demand, etc will be pointed out. The interpretation of the above and its implications for development is necessary to determine objectives for the aimed strategy. The strategy for region E is necessary in determining policies stressing economic growth and fair distribution of resources to enable the mass of the population to share in increased wealth and economic opportunities.<br>Region E economic development study
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Gallagher, Kevin P. "Economic integration, environment, and development : assessing the Mexican experience /." Thesis, Connect to Dissertations & Theses @ Tufts University, 2003.
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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Tufts University, 2003.<br>Chair: Frank Ackerman. Submitted to the Interdisciplinary Doctorate Program. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 191-205). Access restricted to members of the Tufts University community. Also available via the World Wide Web;
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Sundberg, Victor, and Claes Frid. "GDP dependence on health, environment, education and economic factors." Thesis, KTH, Matematik (Inst.), 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-129201.
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The purpose of this paper is to investigate the influence that certain factors have on the gross national product (GDP) and to categorize in what way they contribute, by either having a positive or a negative influence, and how significant each of them are. Educational, environmental, economic and health factors are all investigated in this study. Using data provided by the World Bank, covariates are chosen from previous named areas and multiple linear regression analysis is used to produce a primary model. This model is then refined in to the final model. The covariates used in the final model are discussed to what extent and in what manner they contribute. The theory used in this paper will be explained briefly.
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Eltaweel, Mukhtar Elhadi. "Financing of small businesses in the Libyan economic environment." Thesis, University of Gloucestershire, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.540074.
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Hémous, David. "Essays on International Trade, Economic Growth and the Environment." Thesis, Harvard University, 2012. http://dissertations.umi.com/gsas.harvard:10434.
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This dissertation consists of three essays on Economic Growth. The first essay introduces directed technical change in a growth model with environmental constraints. The final good is produced from ”dirty” and ”clean” inputs. We show that when inputs are sufficiently substitutable, sustainable growth can be achieved with temporary taxes/subsidies that redirect innovation towards clean inputs; and that delay in intervention is costly as it later necessitates a longer transition phase with slow growth. The second essay explains how unilateral environmental policies undertaken by a group of committed countries can ensure sustainable growth in the presence of directed technical change. There are two countries and two tradeable goods: a nonpolluting good and a polluting one, which, itself, is produced with a clean and a dirty input. Innovation can be targeted at the non-polluting sector, at clean or at dirty technologies. I show that sustainable growth can generally not be achieved by unilateral carbon taxes but can be achieved by a temporary unilateral combination of clean research subsidies and a tariff. I characterize the first best policy, the world optimal policy under the constraint that one country must be in laissez-faire, and the optimal policy from the viewpoint of a single country. The third essay shows that long-term relationships, which reduce the static costs associated with low contractibility, create dynamic inefficiencies. We consider the repeated interaction between final good producers and intermediate input suppliers, where the provision of the intermediate input is non contractible. Producer/supplier pairs can be good matches or bad matches (featuring lower productivity). We build a ”cooperative” equilibrium that features cooperation in good matches without any collusion amongst suppliers. We contrast this set-up with the Nash equilibrium where cooperation is precluded and a contractible setting. Every period one supplier has the opportunity to innovate. We show that innovations need to be larger to break up existing relationships in the cooperative case than in the contractible and Nash cases. The rate of innovation in the cooperative case is lower than in the contractible case, and can be lower than in the Nash case.<br>Economics
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Lee, Jin-Sang. "Economic growth and the environment in Korea, 1960-1990." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.404071.
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Buitenzorgy, Meilanie. "Three Essays on Democracy, Economic Development and the Environment." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/17631.
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The effect of democratic development on the state of the environment is a complex question to which some inconclusive and still unsettled answers have been provided in the literature. This thesis formulates three research questions leading to three individual papers with the overall objective of examining the effects of political and economic development on environmental quality. More specifically, this thesis empirically tests the ‘political’ Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) hypothesis as well as the conventional economic EKC through two cross-country studies, and a case study conducted in Indonesia, an emerging democratic country. The first research question is: Does the relationship between the intensity of emissions/concentration of several air and water pollutants and the level of democracy in a jurisdiction take an EKC inverted-U shape? This study finds strong empirical evidence for political-EKC hypothesis for three pollutants: CO2 and BOD emission and ODS consumptions. The second research question is formulated as: “What are the effects of income and democratic development on water withdrawal?” This study provides new empirical evidence that, rather than increase in income, improved democracy may play a more significant role in reducing water withdrawal. The third research question is: “What is the effect of income on environmental quality and on environmental-economic efficiency in an emerging democratic country?” The results highlight that the provinces in the Western Region of Indonesia are much more efficient in terms of environmental-economic efficiency than the provinces in the Eastern Region. Moreover, there is no strong evidence that income helps improving the environmental quality in Indonesia. Additionally, this study finds that population density may reduce the environmental quality, while human development potentially helps improving the environment.
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ZHU, YI. "Health, Environment and Economic Growth: Theoretical Study on China." Doctoral thesis, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11566/245602.
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Questa tesi si compone di quattro saggi ed è correlata sulla base di alcune analisi di politica sanitaria. Il tema si concentra focalizzandosi sui tre aspetti relativi alla salute ritenuti più importanti in Cina: la riforma del sistema sanitario, il peggioramento delle condizione di salute indotte dall’inquinamento, e gli effetti culturali sulla valutazione della politica sanitaria.
Il primo lavoro tratta uno studio qualitativo sulla evoluzione del sistema sanitario cinese. Nella trattazione vengono forniti alcuni spunti in tema di politica sanitaria per l'ulteriore riforma del sistema, supportati dall'analisi statistica di vari dati sanitari cinesi. Questo studio mette in evidenza la necessità di diminuire le disuguaglianze sanitarie tra le zone urbane e quelle rurali, la promozione nel coinvolgere più fornitori di cure mediche e la fornitura dell’assistenza medica di base anche alle persone che si trovano in uno stato di povertà. Nella trattazione verrà affrontato anche il tema della medicina tradizionale (MTC) e il suo ruolo nel sistema sanitario cinese.
Il secondo lavoro presenta un quadro teorico finalizzato di politica economica in base alle fluttuazioni dei livelli di salute e della produzione. Il modello fornisce alcune soluzioni in forma chiusa per la politica di mitigazione ottimale e per il tasso di crescita economica. Si dimostra anche che il rapporto tra la politica di mitigazione e tasso di crescita economica è a forma di U rovesciata. Il nostro studio empirico dimostra che la politica dell’abbattimento ottimale reagisce sensibilmente in base ai paramenti di salute e suggerisce una politica ambientale rigorosa.
Il terzo saggio si propone di estendere il modello di crescita stocastico introducendo due tipi di shock catastrofici sulla salute: Il disastro naturale ed epidemico. Nello studio vengono derivate alcune soluzioni in forma chiusa e la condizione necessaria e sufficiente per l'esistenza e l'unicità dell'equilibrio. Il messaggio innovativo è che la politica ottimale di abbattimento è estremamente sensibile agli shock sulla salute. La nostra simulazione suggerisce un livello di tassazione superiore nell’ambito del carbonio e una politica climatica più severa.
Il quarto saggio dimostra la relazione tra la domanda di servizi sanitari della TCM e della WM dipende sia dalla politica sanitaria e dall'effetto cultuale. Si dimostra che l'effetto marginale di tasso copay e le politiche assicurative è inversamente correlato. Inoltre, il rapporto tra tasso di copay e il benessere individuale assume la forma di U rovesciata, evidenziando che un tasso di copay più piccolo può aumentare le richieste di carattere sanitario. Infine, generalizziamo il modello di riferimento l'effetto dell'età di un individuo influenza la domanda tra il TCM e WM.<br>This dissertation consists of four related essays on health policy analysis, and focuses on three most striking health related issues in China: health care system reform, pollution-induced health degradation, and culture effect on the evaluation of health policy.
The first essay gives a qualitative study on the evolution of China's health care system. We provide policy insights for the further health care reform by statistical analysis to various Chinese health data. This essay highlights the need for diminishing the urban-rural health care inequalities, promoting diverse medical care providers and providing basic medical care assistance for extreme poor people. In addition, we discuss Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) and its role in China's health care system.
The second essay presents a theoretical framework to study economic policy subject to health and production fluctuations. The model provides closed-form solutions for the optimal mitigation policy and economic growth rate. It also demonstrates that the relationship between mitigation policy and economic growth rate is inverted-U shaped. Our numerical study shows that the optimal abatement policy reacts sensitively to health parameters, and suggests tight environmental policy.
The third essay aims to extend the stochastic growth model by introducing two kinds of catastrophic shock on health: nature disaster and epidemic. The closed-from solution are derived. In addition, we provide the necessary and sufficient condition for the existence and uniqueness of the equilibrium. The innovative message is that optimal abatement policy reacts sensitively to the shock on health. Our calibration suggests higher carbon tax and more stringent climate policy.
The fourth essay demonstrates the relationship between medical demand of TCM and WM depends on both health policy and culture effect. We demonstrate that the marginal effect of copay rate and insurance policy are invert related. Moreover, the relationship between copay rate and individual welfare is inverted-U shaped, and hence a smaller copay rate may enhance medical demand while reducing steady-state individual welfare. Finally, we generalize the benchmark model to study how the age effect influence individual's medical demand between TCM and WM.
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Strutt, Anna. "Economic growth, trade policy and the environment in Indonesia /." Title page, contents and abstract only, 1998. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phs927.pdf.
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Babalola, Adewumi Joseph. "Influence of the macro-economic environment on the construction sector's contribution to the South African economy, 1984 to 2011." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/5618.
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The construction sector serves as the engine of growth to the South Africa economy because of its catalytic role in the growth and development of the country. This study focuses mainly on the influence of the macro-economic environment on the contribution of the private sector to construction in the South Africa economy from 1984 to 2011. Government construction work is considered to be an injection into the economy; in this regard, state construction is regarded as public investment in the economy; and therefore, it is anti-cyclic (Keynes, 1936). The aim of this study has been to develop an econometric model for predicting the influence of the macroeconomic environment on the contribution of the private sector to the construction sector in the South Africa economy. The research design adopted in this study was an “ex-post facto” type, otherwise known as a causal-comparative design. The data were extracted from the published sources of the South African National Statistics, namely SARB, Stats SA and Quantec SA. The estimation technique used in this study was the ARDL model using quarterly data from 1984 to 2011. This is because in the construction sector, the influence of the independent variables is always felt over time – rather than all at once. The results of this study show that there is a long run causal relationship between inflation rate, interest rate, real exchange rate, GDP and gdp in the construction sector. The descriptive statistical analysis shows that there is a negative relationship between variables inflation rate and interest rate and the private sector spending in construction. However, economic growth as well as growth in the construction sector has a positive relationship with the private sector spending in construction. Likewise, the real exchange rate and labour productivity in construction have a negative relationship with the private sector’s spending in construction and they are statistically insignificant. The variance decomposition analysis show that the private sector spending in construction explains about 75 per cent of it variations, followed by inflation rate that explains 21 per cent on the average; while the remaining variations, comprising about 4 per cent, were shared among the other independent variables, such as GDP, GDP in construction, the interest rate and the real exchange rate. It was discovered that only the inflation rate does Granger-cause the private sector spending in construction. From the finding it can be concluded that inflation rate is a significant explanatory variable in explaining the variation in the dependent variable during period under review. Policy recommendations are as follows: firstly, the monetary authorities in South Africa should embark on sound policies that would bring about low prices of the construction materials. This would ensure growth and development in the construction sector; secondly, a stimulating development plan that would encourage private sector investment in properties and infrastructural development must be instituted; thirdly, an alternative policy to the present inflation targeting is recommended that would bring about low inflation, high growth, low unemployment and stable exchange rate; fourthly, the present policy on interest rate must be reviewed to allow for more participation in construction projects by the private sectors of the economy; fifthly, due to the fact that fluctuation in the crude oil prices in the international market is one of the major factors causing high inflation rate in South Africa, government must source local alternative products that would bring down prices of construction materials.
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Siketina, Natalya Hennadievna. "Analysis of economic concept of adaptation of the enterprises." Thesis, МЕНПІК "Economy", 2018. http://repository.kpi.kharkov.ua/handle/KhPI-Press/38795.
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Each enterprise, organizing and developing production and marketing activities, must always take into account the factors associated with changes in the external and internal competitive environment for it. The research of the essence of the concept of "adaptation" makes an important contribution to the understanding of adaptation. One can understand the adaptation of industrial enterprises as a flexible process of adapting to constant changes from the outside on the basis of sustained support for internal changes aimed at supporting the competitiveness of the enterprise.
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Kidd, Jeremy Lynn. "Probing the Mechanics of the Environmental Kuznets Curve Theory." DigitalCommons@USU, 2009. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/260.
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The theory of the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) proposes to answer important questions regarding the connections between economic growth (development) and the environment. The theory postulates the environment need not always suffer as the economy develops, and it has generated strong support and opposition. Rather than attempting to defend or debunk EKC theory, this research challenges a practice engaged in by proponents and opponents alike. Simplifying assumptions are a necessary part of economic analysis, but this research shows that any assumptions may not be universally applicable. Utilizing, in turn, a simple one good model and then a more complicated two good model, it is discovered that the competing assumptions utilized by proponents and opponents of the EKC theory may both be valid, depending upon the conditions present in the system being analyzed.
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Marsiglio, S. "ESSAYS ON ECONOMIC GROWTH: TECHNICAL PROGRESS, POPULATION DYNAMICS AND THE ENVIRONMENT." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/153785.
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This thesis analyzes economic growth and how this is related to diff erent issues, namely technical progress, population change and environment. It studies each of these issues in a separate paper. The choice of these issues has been driven by their growing importance in the analysis of the development process of modern economies. Technological progress, jointly with the accumulation of human capital, is one of the most relevant causes of the consistent growth showed in the last century by industrialized countries; therefore, it is important to understand what are its features in order to promote further technical improvements. Demographic growth has dramatically changed during and after the transition from stagnation (before the industrial revolution) to growth (after that): fertility and mortality rates have dropped and many economies now show a rate of population growth just over the replacement one; studying the implications of population change for economic growth can be really important in order to understand whether population policies can be necessary or not for the economy. The environment is an important source of welfare services to people and just in the last decades such a fact has been widely recognized: this is due to the fact that as the economy reaches a certain level of development, its agents feel the importance of some aspects which in a previous phase they did not care about; human activity is the main source of environment degradation and an increasing need for the policy makers to understand how regulating it has arisen. As it may be clear, these topics are crucially interrelated: population growth a ffects technical progress (through the number of researchers employed in R&D activity) and the environment (through the necessity of satisfying the needs of a larger population, in terms of consumption demand and waste production), while technical progress a ffects the environment (switching from polluting to clean technologies such an e ffect can crucially change).
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Šeputienė, Janina. "The evaluation of the impact of institutional environment on economics." Doctoral thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2010. http://vddb.laba.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2010~D_20100303_133234-62136.
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The dissertation investigates the impact of institutional environment on economics, considering the impact of international trade and geography factors as well. Aforementioned factors are called “deep determinants” of economic development, as they influence proximate determinants of economic growth – investments, human capital, and technology. The main object of research is the impact of institutional environment on countries’ economics. The primary aim is to reason the impact of institutional environment on economics by means of analysis of theoretical and empirical studies and to evaluate and compare this impact between countries where institutional environment is different.
The major tasks: to explain the function of institutions and its impact on economics; to summarize the results of empirical studies on the impact of institutions on economics, to highlight the main debatable questions, to reveal the main shortcomings of the applied methodology; to create a model for the evaluation of the impact of institutional environment on economics and to test it in groups of countries where institutional environment is different.
The dissertation consists of three parts including Introduction, 3 chapters, Conclusions, References and 16 Annexes.
The introduction reveals the investigated problem, importance of the thesis and the object of research and describes the purpose and tasks of the paper, research methodology, scientific novelty, the practical significance of the results and... [to full text]<br>Disertacijoje nagrinėjamas institucinės aplinkos poveikis ekonomikai, taip pat atsižvelgiant į tarptautinės prekybos ir geografinius veiksnius. Paminėti veiksniai mokslinėje literatūroje įvardijami kaip „gilieji“ ekonomikos augimo ir plėtros veiksniai, lemiantys tiesioginius augimo veiksnius: investicijas, žmogiškąjį kapitalą, technologijas. Pagrindinis tyrimo objektas yra institucinės aplinkos poveikis šalių ekonomikai. Pagrindinis disertacijos tikslas – remiantis teoriniais teiginiais bei empiriniais tyrimais pagrįsti institucinės aplinkos poveikį šalių ekonomikai, atlikti poveikio vertinimą ir palyginimą skirtingos institucinės aplinkos šalių grupėse.
Pagrindiniai darbo uždaviniai: atskleisti institucijų funkcijas ir pasireiškiantį poveikį ekonomikai; susisteminti empirinių institucijų poveikio ekonomikai tyrimų rezultatus, išskirti pagrindinius diskusinius klausimus, atskleisti taikytų tyrimo metodikų trūkumus; sudaryti institucinės aplinkos poveikio ekonomikai vertinimo modelį ir jį patikrinti skirtingos institucinės aplinkos šalių grupėse.
Disertaciją sudaro įvadas, trys skyriai, rezultatų apibendrinimas, naudotos literatūros ir autorės publikacijų disertacijos tema sąrašai ir 16 priedų.
Įvadiniame skyriuje aptariama tiriamoji problema, darbo aktualumas, tyrimų objektas, formuluojamas darbo tikslas bei uždaviniai, aprašoma tyrimų metodika, darbo mokslinis naujumas, darbo rezultatų praktinė reikšmė, ginamieji teiginiai. Įvado pabaigoje pristatomos disertacijos tema... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]
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Hamad, L. M. "Modern socio-economic methods toward individuals' perceptions regarding the environment." Thesis, Видавництво СумДУ, 2012. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/26602.
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In the transitive economics conditions the most significant role have such decisions that have an evident influence on quality of the environment, because the market prices do not reflect real values and originality of natural resources. Decisions concerning their management play a very important role, because natural systems are inert, their influence on the environment is significant and public preferences often stay unrevealed because of the absence of market of nature systems‘ services.
When you are citing the document, use the following link http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/26602
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Волк, Ольга Миколаївна, Ольга Николаевна Волк, and Olha Mykolaivna Volk. "The assessment of economic results of ICT impact on environment." Thesis, Вид-во СумДУ, 2010. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/8367.
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Ameen, Ansari Zaid. "Energy intensity, economic growth and the environment : identifying structural linkages /." The Ohio State University, 1995. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu148786592945475.
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Yokoo, Hidefumi. "Economic Theory of Trade and the Environment with Agent Heterogeneity." Kyoto University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/120729.
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Waseem, Mazhar. "Essays on taxation in limited tax capacity environment." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2013. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/824/.
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I present three essays on income taxation in Pakistan. The first essay investigates how taxes influence agents’ earnings, compliance and business organization choices. Using a tax reform introduced in Pakistan in 2010, which raised tax rates on partnership earnings as compared to sole proprietorship income, as a natural policy experiment, I (i) identify a full range of behavioral responses to the tax rate changes (ii) study the determinants of tax compliance (iii) investigate if VAT causes firms to be more tax compliant. Relying on administrative tax records that comprise the universe of income tax returns filed in 2006-11 and a rich set of firm characteristics, I find that the reform induced substantial extensive and intensive margin responses including reduction in earnings, income shifting, movement into informality, and spillover effects on VAT base. I also find that the firms that have greater fraction of their tax withheld at source, are registered for VAT, or withhold taxes of other agents are more tax compliant. This highlights the importance of the notion that information trails on arm-length business transactions facilitate enforcement. Comparing short-term responses of partnership firms – which arguably identify tax evasion – on both sides of the VAT exemption threshold, I find that the evasion changes discontinuously at the cutoff suggesting that the VAT causes firms to be more compliant. In the second essay, I along with my co-authors, analyze the design of tax systems under imperfect enforcement. A common policy in developing countries is to impose minimum tax schemes whereby firms are taxed either on profits or on turnover (with a much lower tax rate on turnover), depending on which tax liability is larger. This is a production inefficient tax policy, but has been motivated by the idea that turnover taxes are harder to evade. Such schemes give rise to kink points in firms’ choice sets as the tax rate and tax base jump discontinuously at a profit rate threshold. Analyzing responses to one such scheme in Pakistan, we find large bunching of corporate firms around the minimum tax kink. We show that the combined tax rate and tax base change at the kink provides small real incentives for bunching, making the policy ideal for eliciting evasion. Based on the methodology that we develop, we estimate that turnover taxes reduce evasion by up to 60-70% of corporate income. In the third essay, I along with Henrik Kleven, develop a framework for non-parametrically identifying optimization frictions and structural elasticities using notches – discontinuities in the choice sets of agents – introduced for example by tax and transfer policies. We apply our framework to tax notches in personal income tax schedule of Pakistan to estimate structural elasticities of taxable income.
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Kwon, O.-Sung. "Economic growth and the environment : the environmental kuznets curve and sustainable development in an endogenous growth model /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/7467.
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Aguilar, Bobadilla Silvia E. "ECONOMIC ASPECTS OF HISTORICAL CONTAMINATION." Doctoral thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2008. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-161826.
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The main scope of the work is to support a wider understanding of the achievements and limitations of economic analysis in historical contamination issues. The work describes how various schools of economics focus their study on environmental problems, specifically on Brownfields redevelopment. It presents the ideas of environmental economics, resource economics, free market environmentalism, institutional economics, political economy and ecological economics. The work includes a case study from the region of Ralsko in North Bohemia.
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Wu, Chen. "Environment, fertility, structural change, and growth." Doctoral thesis, Kyoto University, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/263419.
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Yeukai, Chandaengerwa. "Trade promotion vs the environment: Inevitable conflict." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2005. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&.
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This study unveiled the trade-environment debate which has been revolving in the World Trade Organization for quite a long time now. While economic integration and trade liberalization offer the promise of growth and prosperity, environmentalists fear that free trade will lead to increased pollution and resource depletion. On the other hand, free traders worry that over-reaching environmental policies will obstruct efforts to open markets and integrate economies around the world. Trade liberalization has the potential to affect the environment both positively and negatively. Trade and environment tensions have therefore emerged as a major issue in the debate over globalisation. This paper examined the contours of these tensions and argued that trade policy and environmental programs can be better integrated and made more mutually supportive.
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Saleh, M. "Poverty and environment." Thesis, Сумський державний університет, 2013. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/31651.
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The future of the environment in the world is in the hands of its people estimated about 7Billion in which over one billion are poor, 925million (13.1% of population) are hungry, half of 2.2 billion children live in poverty around the world and in less than 10years 1Billion of the population will be 60yearsand so how much of this older person can contribute back to the society?, when the birth to death ratio is about 2.341:1.
When you are citing the document, use the following link http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/31651
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Larsson, Jan. "Four essays on technology, productivity and environment /." Göteborg : Department of Economics, School of Business, Economics and Law [Nationalekonomiska institutionen], Göteborg University, 2006. http://www.handels.gu.se/epc/archive/00004883/01/Jan%5FLarsson%5Favhandl.pdf.
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Ntlangula, Zininzi. "The role of RDP housing in revitalising the socio-economic environment." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/5268.
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The role of RDP housing cannot be underestimated and it plays a big role in South Africa. It assists those who are less fortunate to afford to buy houses. RDP housing delivery is not only expected to put a roof over people's heads but to change their lives in various ways. RDP housing delivery tackles issues related to social and economic enviroment. In terms of policy documents and surveys, research has shown that it is critical to incorporate RDP housing beneficiaries from planning right up to development stage. Public participation and the involvement of beneficiaries from the planning stage onward assists in determining the basic needs of the community that can be addresed through RDP housing development. This study is about the role of RDP housing in revitalising the socio-economic environment with a specific reference to Second Creek, which is under the jurisdiction of Buffalo City Metropolitan Municipality.
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徐慧瑛 and Wai-ying Chui. "Investment environment of the housing market of Shenzhen Special Economic Zone." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1996. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31968016.
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CALILI, RODRIGO FLORA. "ENERGY EFFICIENCY POLICIES IN BRAZIL: AN ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT UNDER UNCERTAINTY APPROACH." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2013. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=23849@1.
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PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO<br>CONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICO<br>DOUTORADO SANDUÍCHE NO EXTERIOR<br>A eficiência energética (EE) terá um papel cada vez mais importante para garantir o futuro das novas gerações. Assim, o objetivo principal deste trabalho é estimar o quanto o PNEf (Plano Nacional de Eficiência Energética), publicado pelo governo brasileiro no final de 2011 irá economizar ao longo dos próximos 5 anos, evitando a construção de usinas de energia adicionais, bem como reduzindo a emissão de gases de efeito estufa na atmosfera. É também objetivo deste trabalho definir as premissas e formular diretrizes para que um possível leilão de eficiência energética seja implantado no Brasil. O custo marginal de operacão é calculado no planejamento de médio prazo do despacho para o sistema hidro-térmico brasileiro utilizando Programação Dinâmica Dual Estocástica. Foi incorporado no modelo do despacho hidro-térmico as políticas de eficiência energética de forma estocástica, havendo assim, vários cenários para a demanda de energia elétrica. Demonstrou-se que, mesmo para uma modesta redução do consumo com políticas de eficiência energética (menor que 1 porcento por ano), há uma economia nos próximos 5 anos em torno de 237 milhões de reais no cenário conservador e 268 milhões de reais no cenário otimista. Em comparação, a nova usina hidrelétrica Belo Monte irá custar em torno de 26 bilhões de reais a serem pagos ao longo de um período de 30 anos (ou seja, 867 milhões de reais em 1 anos). Conclui-se que, políticas de eficiência energética são preferíveis à construção de uma nova usina, mesmo sendo esta de fonte hidráulica.<br>Energy efficiency will play an increasingly important role in future generations. The aim of this work is to estimate how much the PNEf (National Plan for Energy Efficiency) launched by the Brazilian government in 2011 will save over the next 5 years by avoiding the construction of additional power plants, as well as the amount of the CO2 emission. Besides, it is the aim of this work introduces the premises and guidelines of a possible demand side bidding in Brazil. The marginal operating cost is computed for medium term planning of the dispatching of power plants in the hydro-thermal system using Stochastic Dynamic Dual Programming, after incorporating stochastic energy efficiencies into the demand for electricity. We demonstrate that even for a modest improvement in energy efficiency (less than 1 percent per year), the savings over the next 5 years range from 237 million reais in the conservative scenario to 268 million reais in the optimistic scenario. By comparison the new Belo Monte hydro-electric plant will cost 26 billion reais to be repaid over a 30 year period (i.e. 867 million reais in 1 years). So in Brazil energy efficiency policies are preferable to building a new power plant.
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Brief, Kohn Ionathan. "Construction financing in a hyper-inflationary economic environment : case of Venezuela." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/36484.
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Belyakova, A. "Modern socio-economic methods of revealing individuals' perceptions regarding the environment." Thesis, Вид-во СумДУ, 2005. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/13363.
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Zubalii, K., and I. Zahorulko. "Economic aspects of processes for protection the environment with nanotechnologies usage." Thesis, Sumy State University, 2018. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/66869.
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Time goes, so science and progress are not standing in place. After
just several years, humanity has been receiving new devices, technologies
and new opportunities for improving their lives. One of the main areas in
such progress is nanotechnology usage.
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Dovga, L. V. "Reduce of adverse effects on environment in conditions of economic growth." Thesis, Sumy State University, 2014. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/45221.
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Economic growth, increasing of GDP may be accompanied by deterioration in the quality of life, including thanks to growth of the pollution level. This applies particularly to countries that are developing and structure of their manufacture is changing too slowly, while remaining enterprises are focused on the use of technology dangerous for the environment.
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Chui, Wai-ying. "Investment environment of the housing market of Shenzhen Special Economic Zone." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1996. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B18812545.
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