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Journal articles on the topic 'Economic growth; Income; Wages'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 6 February 2022

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1

Troncoso, Baltar. "Wage distribution in the period of economic growth with income distribution: The case of Brazil." Panoeconomicus 67, no. 3 (2020): 361–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/pan2003361t.

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This paper analyses in detail the distribution of Brazilian wages in the period of economic growth with income distribution. Brazil presents a high structural heterogeneity that generates high wage inequality, and it is shown that wage differences within occupational categories are greater than wage differences between occupational categories. Higher GDP growth followed by an incomes policy that raised low wages reduced wage differences especially within occupational categories rather than wage differences between occupational categories.

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2

Humphries, Jane, and Jacob Weisdorf. "Unreal Wages? Real Income and Economic Growth in England, 1260–1850." Economic Journal 129, no. 623 (2019): 2867–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ej/uez017.

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Abstract Estimates of historical workers’ annual incomes suffer from the fundamental problem that they are inferred from day wage rates without knowing how many days of work day-labourers undertook per year. We circumvent the problem by building an income series based on the payments made to workers employed by the year rather than by the day. Our data suggest that earlier annual income estimates based on day wages overestimate medieval labour incomes but underestimate labour incomes during the Industrial Revolution. Our revised estimates indicate that modern economic growth began more than tw

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3

Arestis, Philips, Jesús Ferreiro, and Carmen Gómez. "Labour market flexibilization and income distribution in Europe." Panoeconomicus 68, no. 2 (2021): 167–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/pan2102167a.

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This paper analyses the role played by the flexibilization of labour markets on functional income distribution. Specifically, we analyse whether employment protection legislation affects the evolution of labour income share, measured by the size of compensation of employees as a percentage of GDP, the sum of wages and salaries as a percentage of GDP and the size of the adjusted wage share, in twenty European economies. Our study?s results show that the evolution of labour income share is explained by the economic growth, the growth of employment and unemployment rates, and the growth of real w

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4

Syahputra, Angga, Erfit Erfit, and Nurhayani Nurhayani. "Analisis pengaruh pertumbuhan ekonomi, pengeluaran pemerintah, upah minimum dan tingkat pendidikan terhadap tingkat pengangguran terbuka Provinsi-Provinsi di Sumatera." e-Jurnal Perspektif Ekonomi dan Pembangunan Daerah 8, no. 2 (2019): 95–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.22437/pdpd.v8i2.8323.

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This study aims to: 1) To analyze the development of the open unemployment rate, economic growth, government spending, minimum wages, and the level of education of the provinces in Sumatra. 2) To find out and analyze what factors influence the income of street vendors on Jalan Basuki Rahmat to General H. Agus Salim by using panel data regression analysis tools. The development of the level of open unemployment, economic growth, and government spending in the provinces on the island of Sumatra during 2015-2017 fluctuated, however, the minimum wage and education level tended to increase. The reg

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5

Balakireva, O. M., and S. M. Chernenko. "Income inequality of Ukraine’s population as a socially-economic problem." Ukrainian Society 30, no. 3 (2009): 49–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/socium2009.03.049.

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The article concerns the problems of income inequality of Ukraine’s population. The analysis of their differentiation was made, particularly on wages. The factors that modify official estimation of asperity were formed, as well as the proposals concerning measures of public policy for the purpose of prevention of their inequality growth.

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Zaitsev, S. V., A. E. Visalova, V. M. Lyamasova, and A. E. Izmailov. "Analyzing the level of wages in the Astrakhan Oblast." Finance and Credit 26, no. 3 (2020): 565–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.24891/fc.26.3.565.

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Subject. The article considers theoretical aspects of nominal, accrued, real, and disposable wages and savings in the Astrakhan Oblast in various areas of economic activity. Objectives. The study aims to review movements in wages and their level, develop methods for assessing wages, calculate and analyze real wages and savings in the Astrakhan Oblast. Methods. The study draws on the analysis of data on the number of employees and their wages and salaries in the Astrakhan Oblast, which are provided by the Office for National Statistics, and the calculation of indicators based on these data. Res

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7

Prvonožec, Stela. "Utjecaj plaća na tržište rada u Republici Hrvatskoj." Oeconomica Jadertina 10, no. 2 (2020): 115–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.15291/oec.3169.

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Labour market, value of wages and standard of living are inextricably linked determinants of economic development. Croatian GDP, living standards and purchasing power of the population are among the lowest in Europe. Wage growth in Croatia is present, but, as in most Central and Eastern European countries, it is not accompanied by an increase in labour productivity. The majority of the income of the Croatian population is spent on food, which is associated with low productivity of the economy. There is a significant dependence on social transfers in the structure of the household income, which

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8

Tleuberdinova, Aizhan, Zhanat Shayekina, Dinara Salauatova, and Stephen Pratt. "Macro-economic Factors Influencing Tourism Entrepreneurship: The Case of Kazakhstan." Journal of Entrepreneurship 30, no. 1 (2021): 179–209. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0971355720981431.

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Tourism development contributes to economic development. In emerging economies like Kazakhstan, tourism development needs active entrepreneurship. As the country emerges from the post-Soviet era, there has been an increase in economic development and prosperity. Entrepreneurship in the tourism sector can drive economies forward through the creation of new tourism and hospitality businesses. The macroeconomic environment can influence entrepreneurial activity. We use an autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) model to examine the impact of macroeconomic factors on tourism entrepreneurship in Kaza

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9

Bengtsson, Erik, and Engelbert Stockhammer. "Wages, Income Distribution and Economic Growth: Long-Run Perspectives in Scandinavia, 1900–2010." Review of Political Economy 33, no. 4 (2021): 725–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09538259.2020.1860307.

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10

Xiaoshuang, Ma. "Research on the Influencing Factors and Safeguard Mechanism of Farmers’ Income Growth in the New Era." Research in Economics and Management 3, no. 4 (2019): p363. http://dx.doi.org/10.22158/rem.v3n4p363.

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As an important indicator to measure the degree of general social affluence and economic development in a country or region, peasant income has become an important focus of rural development under the new era rural revitalization strategy. The issue of farmers’ income is the core and key to the issue of “agriculture, rural areas and farmers”. Under the rural revitalization strategy, the traditional rural areas have undergone tremendous changes, and the wages of farmers’ wages, operating income, and transfer income are insufficient. Farmers’ continued income growth is facing enormous challenges

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11

Naqvi, Syed Nawab Haider. "The "Orderliness" of Economic Development (Presidential Address)." Pakistan Development Review 33, no. 4I (1994): 317–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.30541/v33i4ipp.317-323.

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The process of economic development-in the sense of a sustained increase in per capita income-is typically associated with dramatic changes in some key economic variables relating to the sectoral composition of production, trade, and factor-use. And this seems to suggest that it is essentially a "disorderly" affair. Some of these changes have been observed regularly enough to qualify as the stylised facts, or the "regularities", of economic development. These general observations about the real world seem to support a spate of "disorderly" hypotheses about the nature of economic development. T

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12

Myant, Martin. "Dependent capitalism and the middle-income trap in Europe na East Central Europe." International Journal of Management and Economics 54, no. 4 (2018): 291–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ijme-2018-0028.

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Abstract The post-2008 slowdown in economic convergence by countries of east central Europe towards the level of western Europe is interpreted with the help of a concept of dependent capitalism. Convergence appeared to be rapid up to that year, but then stalled, albeit with differing results depending on the measure used. Dependent capitalism meant that the driver for economic growth comes from inward investment by multinational companies (MNCs). Domestically owned businesses failed when faced with international competition, and their agenda hampers policies supporting an active role from the

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13

Burman, Leonard E. "A Universal EITC: Making Work Pay in the Age of Automation." National Tax Journal 73, no. 4 (2020): 1187–218. http://dx.doi.org/10.17310/ntj.2020.4.12.

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The universal earned income tax credit is a worker subsidy designed to offset wage stagnation. The base proposal would replace existing subsidies for working families with a refundable 100 percent tax credit on individual wages up to $10,000 and a larger, refundable child tax credit. The maximum credit grows with gross domestic product, guaranteeing that low-wage workers benefit from economic growth. The credits are offset by a broad-based value-added tax or income surtax. The proposals are progressive: After-tax income for the bottom quintile would increase by about 25 percent. The tax burden

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14

Suryani, Krisna Gita, and Nenik Woyanti. "The Effect of Economic Growth, HDI, District/City Minimum Wage and Unemployment on Inequity of Income Distribution in Province of D.I Yogyakarta (2010-2018)." Media Ekonomi dan Manajemen 36, no. 2 (2021): 170. http://dx.doi.org/10.24856/mem.v36i2.1990.

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The high inequality of income distribution that occurs in the Special Region of Yogyakarta Province shows that economic development has not succeeded in bringing equity to the community. For this reason, an analysis is needed to determine the factors that inequality of income distribution in order to reduce inequality of income distribution that occurs in the Province of DI Yogyakarta. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of economic growth, HDI, Distric/City Minimum Wage, and Unemployment. This research uses secondary data obtained from the Central Statistics Agency of D.I Yo

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15

Trpeski, Predrag. "Wages Inequality in the Republic of Macedonia in a Post Crisis Period." ECONOMICS 3, no. 2 (2015): 19–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/eoik-2015-0015.

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Abstract The aim of this paper is to show the distribution of net wages in the Republic of Macedonia and whether the great world economic crisis of 2008 has had an impact on the inequality in the distribution of wages. In this paper it is analyzed the level of inequality in the distribution of wages in Macedonia in 2008 as a year when the economic crisis started in the last quarter, in 2012 as the year in which GDP still has had a negative rate of economic growth and in 2014, when the economy maintained positive economic growth. In the three selected years the analysis is based on examination

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16

Bivens, Josh, and Lawrence Mishel. "The Pay of Corporate Executives and Financial Professionals as Evidence of Rents in Top 1 Percent Incomes." Journal of Economic Perspectives 27, no. 3 (2013): 57–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/jep.27.3.57.

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The debate over the extent and causes of rising inequality of American incomes and wages has now raged for at least two decades. In this paper, we will make four arguments. First, the increase in the incomes and wages of the top 1 percent over the last three decades should be interpreted as driven largely by the creation and/or redistribution of economic rents, and not simply as the outcome of well-functioning competitive markets rewarding skills or productivity based on marginal differences. This rise in rents accruing to the top 1 percent could be the result of increased opportunities for re

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17

Rodgers, Gerry. "Inequality in the Indian Growth Regime*." Indian Journal of Human Development 12, no. 2 (2018): 134–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0973703018793956.

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Researchers and policymakers have traditionally been more concerned with poverty than with inequality in India but this is now changing. The long-term trend in India was for economic inequality to decline until the 1980s, but it has since been rising, especially in urban areas, and between urban and rural areas. Wages have been rising and absolute poverty has been falling, but there has been a tendency for the gains from growth to be concentrated among the highest income groups. This applies not only to income and expenditure but also to wealth. These trends reflect the social and economic ins

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18

Donaubauer, Julian, and Christian Dreger. "The End of Cheap Labor: Are Foreign Investors Leaving China?" Asian Economic Papers 17, no. 2 (2018): 94–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/asep_a_00611.

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China's government has been promoting the shift toward a consumption-based economy in the past few years to arrive at a path of sustainable and socially inclusive growth. In this context, the explicit goal to significantly raise the percentage of wages in the national household income was an integral part of the 12th Five-Year Plan (2011–15). These changes in economic strategy are likely to affect the attractiveness of the country to foreign investors. In this paper, we raise the hypothesis that soaring relative wages negatively affect foreign direct investment (FDI) inflows to China, and alte

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19

Marchal, Sarah, and Ive Marx. "Stemming the tide: What have European Union countries done to support low-wage workers in an era of downward wage pressures?" Journal of European Social Policy 28, no. 1 (2017): 18–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0958928717704747.

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Governments across the European Union (EU) have been striving to get more people into work while at the same time acknowledging that more needs to be done to ‘make work pay’. Yet this drive comes at a time when structural economic shifts are putting pressure on wages, especially of less skilled workers. This article focuses on trends in minimum wages, income taxes and work-related benefits within a selection of 15 EU countries, for the period 2001–2012, with three US states included as reference cases. We find evidence for eroding relative minimum wages in various EU countries, yet combined wi

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20

Malik, Afia, and Ather Maqsood Ahmed. "The Relationship between Real Wages and Output: Evidence from Pakistan." Pakistan Development Review 39, no. 4II (2000): 1111–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.30541/v39i4iipp.1111-1126.

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Information on wage levels is essential in evaluating the living standards and conditions of work and life of the workers. Since nominal wage fails to explain the purchasing power of employees, real wage is considered as a major indicator of employees purchasing power and can be used as proxy for their level of income. Any fluctuations in the real wage rate have a significant impact on poverty and the distribution of income. When used in relation with other economic variables, for instance employment or output they are valuable indicators in the analysis of business cycles. There has been a lo

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21

Tabassum, Amina, and M. Tariq Majeed. "Economic Growth and Income Inequality Relationship: Role of Credit Market Imperfection." Pakistan Development Review 47, no. 4II (2008): 727–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.30541/v47i4iipp.727-743.

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The 20th century has witnessed unequalled success in improving the living standard of people in most part of the world. According to World Bank annual Statistical reports, poverty has declined significantly in developing countries over the past twenty years but the progress has been uneven. The number of people living in poverty fell from 1.5 billion in 1981 to 1.1 billion in 2001. However, many low-income developing countries are still trapped in vicious circle of poverty. In Sub-Saharan Africa, the number of poor rose from 41 percent to 46 percent between 1981 to 2001.While in Eastern Europe

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22

Hamza, Bedri, and Petraq Milo. "Fiscal policy and economic growth: Some evidence from Kosovo." Journal of Governance and Regulation 10, no. 4 (2021): 130–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/jgrv10i4art11.

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The main purpose of this study is to analyze the effects of fiscal policy on economic growth in the Republic of Kosovo for the time period from January 2006 to September 2018 in terms of their long-term and short-term relationships. The methods used are measured using the second data (monthly series) provided by the Department of Finance as the appropriate national institution. Kosovo as one of the Balkan countries is facing the same problems as other labor countries. This study will contribute greatly to analyzing the impact of fiscal policy and will help policymakers come up with good decisi

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23

Dutt, Amitava Krishna. "Income inequality, the wage share, and economic growth." Review of Keynesian Economics 5, no. 2 (2017): 170–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.4337/roke.2017.02.03.

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24

Savina, S. V. "Improvement of the remuneration system in modern conditions." Normirovanie i oplata truda v promyshlennosti (Rationing and remuneration of labor in industry), no. 9 (September 1, 2020): 6–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.33920/pro-3-2009-01.

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Today, a difficult situation has developed in the field of wages and incomes of the population, associated with the need to increase the level of wages and real incomes of the population, since low effective demand in the domestic market can become the main constraint on economic growth in the near future. The main goal of wage reform in modern conditions is to restore the role of wages as the main incentive for productivity growth and labor efficiency, which will have a positive impact on the functioning of production and will give an impetus to its further development.

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25

Arestis, Philips, Jesús Ferreiro, and Carmen Gómez. "Employment protection legislation and labour income shares in Europe." Panoeconomicus 67, no. 3 (2020): 291–308. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/pan2003291a.

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The paper analyses the determinant elements of the evolution of labour income share, measured by the size of compensation of employees as a percentage of GDP in twenty European economies. In doing so, special attention is paid to the impact of employment protection legislation. Our study?s results show that the evolution of labour income share is explained by the economic growth, the growth of employment and unemployment rates, and the growth of real wages. Regarding employment protection, only employment protection for temporary workers matters. Our results shows that stricter provisions on t

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26

Taresh A., Abdulrahman, Dyah Wulan Sari, and Rudi Purwono. "Joint Determinants of Monetary, Macroeconomic, Social and Income Inequality." Jurnal Ekonomi Pembangunan: Kajian Masalah Ekonomi dan Pembangunan 21, no. 2 (2020): 134–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.23917/jep.v21i2.11254.

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This study discusses all the potential relationships between monetary, macroeconomic, social and income inequality in an integrated manner by making Indonesia a concrete case study. This empirical study discussed the relationship based on theoretical modelling and carried out through appropriate estimators applied to the data of 33 provinces in Indonesia. To achieve this objective, the simultaneous model of seemingly unrelated regressions (SUR) was used. The results concluded that there are variables that jointly determined the monetary, macroeconomic and social also income inequality. Like, c

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27

Hein, Eckhard, and Thorsten Schulten. "Unemployment, wages and collective bargaining in the European Union." Transfer: European Review of Labour and Research 10, no. 4 (2004): 532–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/102425890401000407.

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This article questions the predominant view on unemployment and wages in the European Union, according to which high unemployment is primarily caused by labour market rigidities, i.e. social institutions and regulations which prevent ‘market-clearing’ real wage levels and structures. The article shows that the foundations of that view coming either from neoclassical or New Keynesian theory are not convincing, neither theoretically nor empirically. Analysis of the developments in the EU during the last four decades shows that the claimed positive relationship between real wage growth and unempl

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28

Kawuryan, Anna Maria Siti. "Education in Indonesia's Regional Economic Development Before Fiscal Decentralization." Jurnal Ekonomi dan Pembangunan Indonesia 2, no. 2 (2002): 40–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.21002/jepi.v2i2.625.

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Indonesia is a diverse country with uneven resource endowment across its provinces. This study examines the effects of human capital investment policies on the promotion of more equitable income growth across provinces. First, the rate of return to education is estimated for each province using the 1976 and 1989 Indonesian National Labor Force Surveys (SAKERNAS). Then, regional economic indicators are used to explain differences in the rates of return to education among provinces and to develop and test hypotheses regarding the contribution of investment in education to personal income growth

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29

Shyfrina, N. I. "The Adequacy of Setting the Level of Minimum Wage in Ukraine." Business Inform 2, no. 517 (2021): 183–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.32983/2222-4459-2021-2-183-189.

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The article is aimed at examining the adequacy of setting the level of minimum wage to modern conditions of economic management in Ukraine. At the heart of the State regulation of Ukrainian economy, as in most countries of the world, are social standards, the justified establishing of which allows to stimulate the economic growth of the country, control the redistribution of income in the economy, ensure an adequate level of reproduction of labor and quality of life of the population. One of the key levers of socio-economic policy of the State is the setting of a minimum wage in the legislativ

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30

Arno, Abdul Kadir, Ilham Ilham, Akbar Sabani, and Iksan Purnama. "Analysis of Inflation Targets in Indonesia During The New Normal Era: New Consensus Approach to an Open Economy." Jurnal Iqtisaduna 1, no. 1 (2020): 23. http://dx.doi.org/10.24252/iqtisaduna.v1i1.15810.

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This article aims to discuss a growth model in terms of demand constrained by economic policy with inflation targeting in a super multiplier sraff model by analyzing how economic policy can affect productive capacity growth. This article also analyzes the open economy if inflation is a phenomenon resulting from the policy of the monetary authority that can manage the nominal exchange rate through changes in interest rates. Since the distribution of functional income will depend on the evolution of nominal wages, exchange rates and interest rates, we will show that the inflation targeting syste

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31

Ivanchuk, Nataliia Volodymyrivna, and Nataliia Anatoliivna Mamontova. "Payroll taxes increase reserves in Ukraine." Independent Journal of Management & Production 12, no. 2 (2021): 575–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.14807/ijmp.v12i2.1297.

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The authors analyzed the reformation of the payroll taxation mechanism in Ukraine, identified wage differences of the employees at the large, medium-sized and small business entities, figured out the reserves to increase tax revenues and cover the deficit of the Pension Fund of Ukraine by decreasing shadow wages and improving payroll taxation in Ukraine. Significant attention is paid to the salaries of the top managers of large business entities as a possible field of applying progressive taxation of personal income. Based on the analysis of the EU countries experience, the authors suggest imp

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Kasanah, Yunani Tiya, Anifatul Hanim, and P. Edi Suswandi. "Faktor - Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Pengangguran Terbuka di Provinsi Jawa Tengah Tahun 2009-2014." e-Journal Ekonomi Bisnis dan Akuntansi 5, no. 1 (2018): 21. http://dx.doi.org/10.19184/ejeba.v5i1.7727.

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Economic development of a country aims to increase social welfare by expanding employment opportunities and direct distribution of income evenly. Uneven economic development would be problematic one of them is unemployment. Unemployment is a complex problem that can lead to social phenomena in society as someone who did not work so it does not earn. It is therefore necessary to find a solution to overcome the problem of unemployment. This study aims to determine the effect of the minimum wage, the labor force and economic growth on unemployment in Central Java province in 2009-2014. The analyt

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Beztelesna, Lyudmila. "PERFORMANCE MANAGEMENT OF LABOR: THE MACROECONOMIC ASPECT." International Journal of New Economics and Social Sciences 3, no. 1 (2016): 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0010.4717.

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Proved that is competitive and the economy, which provided faster growth of labor productivity growth over wages. Identified an urgent need to manage productivity in modern conditions. Reflected the negative effects of liberal economic reforms in Russia and Kazakhstan. Showing weather hit countries in a trap average income. On the basis of experience of competitive economies necessity to stimulate productivity growth based on public-private partnership.

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34

Wilmers, Nathan. "Wage Stagnation and Buyer Power: How Buyer-Supplier Relations Affect U.S. Workers’ Wages, 1978 to 2014." American Sociological Review 83, no. 2 (2018): 213–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0003122418762441.

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Since the 1970s, market restructuring has shifted many workers into workplaces heavily reliant on sales to outside corporate buyers. These outside buyers wield substantial power over working conditions among their suppliers. During the same period, wage growth for middle-income workers stagnated. By extending organizational theories of wage-setting to incorporate interactions between organizations, I predict that wage stagnation resulted in part from production workers’ heightened exposure to buyer power. Panel data on publicly traded companies shows that dependence on large buyers lowers supp

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35

Podkaminer, Leon. "Globalization, secular stagnation, and soft national balances: A pro-equilibrium manifesto." Acta Oeconomica 68, s1 (2018): 141–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/032.2018.68.s.11.

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It is argued that increased freedom to run economic activities combined with the growing impotence of national governments (i.e., globalization) have contributed to the secular growth slowdown at the global level. Fast globalisation-driven growth of international trade has unleashed the global race for economic surpluses. The process involves the suppression of wages and widening income inequalities – restricting aggregate demand globally. A “beggar-thy-neighbor” tactics of keeping large trade surpluses by countries successfully suppressing wages and domestic demand is likely to be unproductiv

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Simonov, Sergei, Margarita Alexandrova, and Olga Yutkina. "INDIVIDUAL INCOME TAX - AS AN INDICATOR OF SOCIO-ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT OF REGIONS." Russian Journal of Management 8, no. 2 (2020): 21–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.29039/2409-6024-2020-8-2-21-25.

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The article provides a comprehensive analysis of the structure and composition of taxes levied on the territory of Russia from individuals and on this basis it is concluded that personal income tax is the main tax paid by the population of the Russian Federation to the state budget. The study and comparison of the population and the level of their average wages with the volume of personal income tax revenues made it possible to establish a direct relationship between the growth of tax revenues and the level of socio-economic development of the regions. In the course of the study, the main prob

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Samborska, Oksana. "MONITORING OF INDICATORS OF SOCIO-ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT OF UKRAINE." Three Seas Economic Journal 1, no. 4 (2020): 117–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.30525/2661-5150/2020-4-17.

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The transition to market relations and the corresponding structural changes in economy influenced the formation of incomes, their use and distribution system. The largest share in the structure of monetary income of the population is wages; it has increased in recent years. At the same time, there occurred the decline in production in the process of market transformation economy and, as a consequence, forced underemployment and unemployment of a large part of the working population, lack legislative levers of influence on the regulation of the property process stratification of the population

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Syarif, Ahmad, and Wahyu Hadi Wibowo. "The Relation Between Minimum Wages and Poverty in Indonesia: An Islamic Perspective." Global Review of Islamic Economics and Business 5, no. 2 (2017): 083. http://dx.doi.org/10.14421/grieb.2017.052-02.

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This study is part of Islamic economics research that aims to determine the relationship between the minimum wage and poverty rate in Indonesia, especially case studies in West Java, Central Java, East Java, Special Region of Yogyakarta, and Banten during the period 2007-2013. In addition to the primary independent variable, there are six control variables are used, the level of education, the GDP per capita, unemployment rate, inflation rate, average wages and economic growth. The analysis technique used in this study are Arellano Bond Dynamic GMM (Generalized Method of Moment). The results o

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39

Sekmen, Fuat, and Mehmet Toptas. "Education, Technical Progress, and Economic Growth in the Information Age." International Journal of Social Ecology and Sustainable Development 6, no. 1 (2015): 73–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijsesd.2015010106.

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Recent studies consider education and human capital growth as a main source of economic growth. In the classical model, population growth and capital accumulation was envisaged as an engine of economic development. Population and market rate of wages were believed to have mutual affinity. Neoclassical model, it is known as Solow Model, shows capital accumulation would increase the growth rates in the short run, but cannot generate any long run GDP growth rate increase. The Solow model implies that economies will conditionally converge to the same level of income, given that they have the same

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Astorga, Pablo. "REAL WAGES AND SKILL PREMIUMS IN LATIN AMERICA, 1900-2011." Revista de Historia Económica / Journal of Iberian and Latin American Economic History 35, no. 3 (2017): 319–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s021261091700009x.

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AbstractThis paper discusses and documents a new data set of real wages for unskilled, semi-skilled and relatively skilled labour in Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Mexico and Venezuela (LA-6) over the period 1900-2011. Three interrelated aspects are examined: the wage growth record associated with periods dominated by a particular development strategy; developments in the wage share of income; and movements in skill premiums and their links with fundamentals. The key findings are: (i) the region’s unskilled wage rose by 147 per cent compared to rises of 254 per cent in the average wage an

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Hyder, Syed Kalim, Qazi Masood Ahmed, and Haroon Jamal. "Simulating the Impact of Income Distribution on Poverty Reduction." Pakistan Development Review 54, no. 4I-II (2015): 931–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.30541/v54i4i-iipp.931-944.

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The traditional notion that has influenced the development thinking for almost half a century is that economic growth is fundamental to the development process, and that the objective of poverty reduction can only be achieved by allowing the benefits of growth to ultimately trickle down to the poor. The „primacy of growth‟ paradigm is based on the premise that high growth, through high investment, would lead to higher employment and higher wages, and thereby reducing poverty. The „trickle-down‟ paradigm assumes that the benefits of economic growth would, in the first round, accrue to the upper

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Hahn, Joyce K., Henry R. Hyatt, Hubert P. Janicki, and Stephen R. Tibbets. "Job-to-Job Flows and Earnings Growth." American Economic Review 107, no. 5 (2017): 358–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/aer.p20171077.

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The US workforce has had little change in real wages, income, or earnings since the year 2000. However, even when there is little change in the average rate at which workers are compensated, individual workers experienced a distribution of wage and earnings changes. In this paper, we demonstrate how earnings evolve in the US economy in the years 2001-2014 on a forthcoming dataset on earnings for stayers and transitioners from the U.S. Census Bureau's Job-to-Job Flows data product. We account for the roles of on-the-job earnings growth, job-to-job flows, and nonemployment in the growth of U.S.

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Mokline, Adla. "Criminality, Human Capital and Economic Performance." Business and Economic Research 8, no. 4 (2018): 130. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/ber.v8i4.13948.

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Criminality is any breach of the law likely to give rise to legal proceedings. It is determined by several factors namely (population density- unemployment-income- poverty and education). The objective of our work is to study criminality determinants on a sample of 51 American States over the period (2000-2013). Particular attention is paid to study the causal relationship between education (with its different measures) and criminality.In line with the approach to the economics of crime, this paper attempts to verify that urbanization, income inequality, unemployment, poverty and educational a

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Rodríguez-Pose, Andrés, and Michael Storper. "Housing, urban growth and inequalities: The limits to deregulation and upzoning in reducing economic and spatial inequality." Urban Studies 57, no. 2 (2019): 223–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0042098019859458.

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Urban economics and branches of mainstream economics – what we call the ‘housing as opportunity’ school of thought – have been arguing that shortages of affordable housing in dense agglomerations represent a fundamental barrier to economic development. Housing shortages are considered to limit migration into thriving cities, curtailing their expansion potential, generating rising social and spatial inequalities and inhibiting national growth. According to this dominant view, relaxing zoning and other planning regulations in the most prosperous cities is crucial to unleash the economic potentia

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LIU, MINQUAN. "GROWTH AND EQUITY IN CHINA: PATTERN, CAUSES AND CHALLENGES." Journal of International Commerce, Economics and Policy 03, no. 03 (2012): 1250017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793993312500172.

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Many factors have shaped the current pattern of growth and equity in the People's Republic of China (PRC). Among them are the foundations laid before 1978, especially in respect of land-related institutions and social sector investments. These successfully complemented the PRC's subsequent export and FDI promotion strategies. In the forthcoming decades, it will be important for the PRC to expand its domestic demand, improve on income distribution, and increase social sector investments. Greater social protections, higher wages and increased public spending on education can all help the PRC to

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Zvarych, Roman. "DETERMINANTS OF ECONOMIC GROWTH IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES." JOURNAL OF EUROPEAN ECONOMY Vol 17, Vol 17, No 1 (2018) (2018): 19–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.35774/jee2018.01.019.

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The research of the determinants of economic growth in developing countries is focused to assessing the prospects for the development of this group and its convergence with developed countries. The purpose of research is to identify the determinants of the economic growth of developing countries for the further development of conclusions on their development and convergence with developed countries. The object of research is the economic development of developing countries. The concept of development was investigated in the context of two general approaches, it were estimated its critical rema

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Hunt, E. H. "Industrialization and Regional Inequality: Wages in Britain, 1760–1914." Journal of Economic History 46, no. 4 (1986): 935–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022050700050658.

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This paper describes the geographical pattern of wages in Britain between 1760 and 1914. It then draws out some of the implications of the wages pattern and considers, in particular, the implications for the “growth pole” debate on the likely effect of industrialization upon regional income inequalities. The market forces responsible for creating and maintaining these differentials are then described, followed by a final section which discsusses the significance of changing regional wage differentials to the standar-of-living debate. It concludes that from a regional perspective the overall ef

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Hansen, Susan B. "The Impact of a Low-Wage Strategy on State Economic Development." State Politics & Policy Quarterly 1, no. 3 (2001): 227–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/153244000100100301.

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The American states have pursued several different approaches to create jobs and foster economic development, including reducing the social cost of labor. I show that state labor costs are markedly lower in 1995 than in 1970, based on a factor analysis of wages and state regulations affecting unions and the cost of labor. Corporate low-wage strategies, international and interstate competition for business, and the growing weakness of labor unions are posited to account for this. But regression analysis shows that lower labor costs have had no significant impact on rates of job creation since 1

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Rozelle, Scott, Yiran Xia, Dimitris Friesen, Bronson Vanderjack, and Nourya Cohen. "Moving Beyond Lewis: Employment and Wage Trends in China’s High- and Low-Skilled Industries and the Emergence of an Era of Polarization." Comparative Economic Studies 62, no. 4 (2020): 555–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/s41294-020-00137-w.

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AbstractOne of the defining features of China’s economy over the two decades between 1995 and 2015 was the persistent rise of wages for workers and professionals in nearly every segment of the economy—with wage rates for labor-intensive jobs in manufacturing, construction, and the informal service sector rising the fastest. Recently, however, the economic environment in China has begun to change, including changes in both employment and wages. We identify recent employment/wage trends throughout China’s economy and postulate the sources of these trends as well as possible future consequences i

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Rockoff, Hugh. "On the Controversies Behind the Origins of the Federal Economic Statistics." Journal of Economic Perspectives 33, no. 1 (2019): 147–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/jep.33.1.147.

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Our federal economic statistics originated in the economic and political divisions in the United States and the bitter debates over economic policy they engendered at the end of the 19th century and during the world wars and Great Depression. Workers were angry because they believed that they were being exploited by robber barons who were capturing all of the benefits of economic growth, while employers were just as sure that the second industrial revolution had brought workers an unparalleled increase in real wages. Other debates centered on the effects of unrestricted immigration on wages an

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